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Be inferior, but if you have enough

Souls of one thousand two generic,

He and the groom.

With deep sorrow about her marriage, Pushkin's heroine, Tatyana Larina, speaks:

Me with tears of spells

Mother prayed for poor Tanya

All the lots were equal ...

The same sad thoughts are expressed by Baroness Shtral, the heroine of the drama "Masquerade" by Lermontov:

What is a woman? Her from her youth

In selling to benefits, as a sacrifice, they take away.

As you can see, the analogy is complete, with the only difference that the heroines of the cited works act as victims of a vile high-society morality, and Tolstoy's daughter Helene also fully professes the principles of Prince Vasily.

Tolstoy shows that the behavior of the daughter of Prince Vasily is not a deviation from the norm, but the norm of life of the society to which she belongs. Indeed, does Julie Karagina behave differently, having, thanks to her wealth, a sufficient choice of suitors; or Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya, attaching her son to the guard? Even before the bed of the dying Count Bezukhov, Pierre's father, Anna Mikhailovna feels not a feeling of compassion, but fear that Boris will be left without an inheritance.

Tolstoy shows Helen in family life as well. Family, children do not play a significant role in her life. Helene seems ridiculous when Pierre said that spouses can and should be bound by feelings of heartfelt affection and love. Countess Bezukhova thinks with disgust of the possibility of having children. She leaves her husband with surprising ease. Helen is a concentrated manifestation of complete lack of spirituality, emptiness, vanity.

Excessive emancipation leads a woman, according to Tolstoy, to a misunderstanding of her own role. In the salon of Helene and Anna Pavlovna Scherer, political disputes, judgments about Napoleon, about the position of the Russian army are heard. A sense of false patriotism makes them speak exclusively in Russian during the invasion of the French. High society beauties have largely lost the main features that are inherent in a real woman.

Helen Bezukhova is not a woman, she is a superbe animal. Not a single novelist has yet met this type of libertine of the big world, who loves nothing in life except her body, lets her brother kiss his shoulders, and does not give money, cold-bloodedly chooses lovers for herself, like dishes on the map, and is not such a fool, to desire to have children; who knows how to maintain respect for the world and even gain a reputation as an intelligent woman thanks to her kind of cold dignity and social tact. This type can only develop in the circle where Helen lived; this adoration of one's own body can develop only where indolence and luxury give full scope to all sensual impulses; this shameless calmness - where a high position, ensuring impunity, teaches to neglect the respect of society, where wealth and connections provide all means to hide intrigue and silence talkative mouths.

Another negative character in the novel is Julie Kuragin. One of the acts in the general chain of selfish aspirations and actions of Boris Drubetskoy was his marriage to the middle-aged and ugly, but wealthy Julie Karagina. Boris did not love her and could not love her, but the Penza and Nizhny Novgorod estates haunted him. Despite his disgust for Julie, Boris proposed to her. Julie not only accepted the offer, but, admiring the handsome, young groom, made him say everything that is said in such cases, although she was convinced of the complete insincerity of his words. Tolstoy notes that “for the Penza estates and Nizhny Novgorod forests, she could demand it, and she got what she demanded” Tolstoy L.N. Full collection cit .: [anniversary edition 1828 - 1928]: In 90 volumes. Series 1: Works. Vol. 10: War and Peace. - M .: Goslitizdat, 1953 .-- S. 314.

The reasoning on this issue by M.A. Volkova in a letter to her friend, V.I. Lanskoy: “Before you said that wealth is the last thing in marriage; if you meet a worthy person and fall in love with him, then you can be content with small means and be a thousand times happier than those living in luxury. This is how you reasoned three years ago. How your views have changed since you live among luxury and vanity! Is it really impossible to live without wealth? Are all those who have fifteen thousand a year unhappy ”Vestnik Evropy. - 1874. - No. 9. - P. 150..

And in another place: “I know young people who have more than 15 thousand a year, who did not dare to marry girls, too, not without a fortune, but, in their opinion, not rich enough for them; that is, they believe that it is impossible to live with a family without having from eighty to one hundred thousand income ”Vestnik Evropy. - 1874. - No. 9. - P. 156..

It was considered necessary to have a luxurious house with beautiful and expensive furnishings, approximately the same as D. Blagovo describes in his notes: “Until 1812, the house was decorated according to the then very well-modeled figures; the interior of the count's house: piece floors, gilded furniture; marble tables, crystal chandeliers, damask tapestries, in a word, everything was in proper order ... ”Grandmother's stories, from the memoirs of five generations, recorded and collected by her grandson D. Blagovo. - SPb., 1885 .-- S. 283.

The house was properly furnished, otherwise the reputation of your surname could quickly be lost. But it was not only a luxurious setting, expensive dinners or costumes. All this, perhaps, could not have caused such colossal expenses. It was also a matter of wasting one's life, in a gambling game, as a result of which fortunes were lost overnight. Tolstoy does not exaggerate at all, putting into the mouth of Prince Vasily sad words about his riotous son Anatol: "No, you know that this Anatol costs me 40,000 a year ..." Tolstoy L.N. Full collection cit .: [anniversary edition 1828 - 1928]: In 90 volumes. Series 1: Works. Vol. 9: War and Peace. - M .: Goslitizdat, 1953 .-- S. 8..

Mlle Bourienne is exposed in the same unseemly light.

Tolstoy creates two significant episodes: Prince Andrew and m-lle Bourienne and Anatole and m-lle Bourienne.

Princess Mary's companion, m-lle Bourienne, not without intent during the day, three times in secluded places tries to catch the eyes of Prince Andrew. But, seeing the stern face of the young prince, without saying a word, he quickly leaves. The same m-lle Bourienne “conquers” Anatole in a few hours, finding herself in his arms at the first solitary meeting. This unseemly act of the bridegroom of Princess Marya is not at all an accidental or thoughtless step. Anatole, seeing an ugly but rich bride and a pretty young French woman, “decided that here, in Bald Hills, it would not be boring. “Very nice! - he thought, looking at her, - this demoiselle de compagnie (companion) is very nice. I hope that she will take her with her when she marries me, - he thought, - la petite est gentille (the baby is sweet). ”Tolstoy L.N. Full collection cit .: [anniversary edition 1828 - 1928]: In 90 volumes. Series 1: Works. Vol. 9: War and Peace. - M .: Goslitizdat, 1953 .-- S. 270 - 271..

Thus, we see that Tolstoy does not try to create ideals, but takes life as it is. We see that these are living women, that this is how they had to feel, think, act, and any other image of them would be false. Indeed, there are no consciously heroic female natures in the work, similar to Turgenev's Marianne from the novel "Nov" or Elena Stakhova from "On the Eve". Needless to say, Tolstoy's favorite heroines are devoid of romantic elation? Women's spirituality does not lie in intellectual life, not in Anna Pavlovna Sherer's, Helen Kuragina's, Julie Karagina's hobbies for political and other male issues, but exclusively in the ability to love, in devotion to the family hearth. Daughter, sister, wife, mother - these are the main situations in which the character of Tolstoy's favorite heroines is revealed.

On the whole, Tolstoy painted a historically correct picture of the position of a noblewoman in the living conditions of both high society and the estate nobility. But having condemned the former with dignity, he turned out to be unjust in his attempts to surround the latter with a halo of the highest virtue. Tolstoy was deeply convinced that a woman, completely surrendering herself to the family, raising children, was doing work of enormous social importance. And in this he is certainly right. One cannot agree with the writer only in the respect that all the interests of a woman should be limited by the framework of the family.

The solution of the women's question in the novel evoked harsh critical judgments already among Tolstoy's contemporaries, S.I. Sychevsky wrote: “Now, from all of the above, we will try to determine the attitude of the author, as a person with a remarkable mind and talent, to the so-called women's issue. None of the women is a completely independent figure with the exception of the depraved Helen. All others are only suitable for complementing a man. None of them interfere with civil activity. The brightest of all women in the novel "War and Peace" - Natasha - is happy with the joys of family and personal life ... In a word, Mr. Tolstoy solves the women's issue in the so-called backward, routine sense. " The epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace": Commentary. - M .: Education, 1967 .-- S. 334..

But Tolstoy remained true to his point of view on the female question until the end of his life.

Conclusion

Thus, as a result of the work done, the following conclusions can be drawn.

In the work of Tolstoy, the world of heroes appears before us in all its versatility. Here is a place for the most diverse, sometimes opposite characters. The female characters of the novel only confirm this. Together with his heroines, the writer discovers the meaning and truth of life, looking for a path to happiness and love. Tolstoy, a subtle psychologist with a rare gift to penetrate into the innermost depths of human experience, with amazing power was able to create different psychological individuals. Tolstoy's individualization of heroes carries at the same time a broad typification. Tolstoy perfectly grasped the regularity of life, revealing the diverse world of human thoughts and aspirations. There is an undeniable connection between the moral character of a person in everyday life, his attitude to his family, to friends, and how he manifests himself on the battlefield. People are unscrupulous in everyday life - bad citizens of the state, unreliable defenders of the homeland.

The female theme occupies an important place in the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace". This work is a polemical response from the writer to the supporters of female emancipation. Female images are not a background for male images, but an independent system with its own laws. Favorite heroines of Tolstoy live with their hearts, not with their minds.

Marya Bolkonskaya, with her evangelical humility, is especially close to Tolstoy. And yet it is her image that personifies the triumph of natural human needs over asceticism. The princess secretly dreams of marriage, of her own family, of children. Her love for Nikolai Rostov is a high, spiritual feeling. In the epilogue of the novel, Tolstoy paints pictures of the Rostovs' family happiness, emphasizing that it was in the family that Princess Marya found the true meaning of life.

Love is the essence of Natasha Rostova's life. Young Natasha loves everyone: the uncomplaining Sonya, and the mother-countess, and her father, and Nikolai, and Petya, and Boris Drubetsky. The rapprochement, and then separation from Prince Andrey, who proposed to her, makes Natasha suffer internally. An overabundance of life and inexperience are a source of mistakes, rash actions of the heroine (the story with Anatoly Kuragin).

Love for Prince Andrei awakens with renewed vigor in Natasha. She leaves Moscow with a wagon train, which includes the wounded Bolkonsky. Natasha is again seized by an unreasonable feeling of love and compassion. She is selfless to the end. The death of Prince Andrey deprives Natasha's life of meaning. The news of the death of Petya makes the heroine overcome her own grief in order to keep the old mother from mad despair. Natasha “thought that her life was over. But suddenly love for her mother showed her that the essence of her life - love - was still alive in her. Love woke up and life woke up. "

After marriage, Natasha renounces social life, “all her charms,” and gives herself entirely to family life. Mutual understanding of spouses is based on the ability "with extraordinary clarity and speed to understand and communicate each other's thoughts in a way contrary to all the rules of logic." This is the ideal of family happiness. This is Tolstoy's ideal of "peace."

Tolstoy's thoughts about the true destiny of women, I think, are not outdated even today. Of course, women who have devoted themselves to political or social activities play a significant role in today's life. But still, many of our contemporaries choose what Tolstoy's favorite heroines have chosen for themselves. And is it really so little - to love and be loved?

List of used literature

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Application

Lesson plans for the 10th grade on the creativity of L.N. Tolstoy

Lesson 1. "What an artist and what a psychologist!" A word about the writer.

"This is a revelation for us young people, a whole new world," Guy de Maupassant said about Tolstoy. The life of L.N. Tolstoy is a whole epoch, almost the entire 19th century, which is contained in both his life and his works.

The lesson on the life and career of a writer can be taught in two ways.

The first option is drawing up a detailed plan.

1. The secret of human happiness, the secret of the green stick is the main goal of LN's life. Tolstoy.

2. Period of losses. Early death of parents. The role of Yasnaya Polyana in the boy's life. Thoughts about life, a passionate dream of a heroic deed. The first love. Towards creativity.

3. Admission to Kazan University. Finding yourself: the Arab-Turkish department and the dream of diplomacy, the law faculty, leaving the university. The desire to comprehend and understand the world - passion for philosophy, the study of the views of Rousseau. Own philosophical experiences.

4. Yasnaya Polyana. From extreme to extreme. A painful search for the meaning of life. Progressive transformations. Pen test - the first literary sketches.

5. Where it is dangerous and difficult. Testing yourself. 1851 - a trip to the Caucasus to fight the highlanders. War is the comprehension of the way a person is formed.

6. Autobiographical trilogy: "Childhood" - 1852, "Adolescence" - 1854, "Youth" - 1857 The main question - what should be? What to strive for? The process of mental and moral development of a person.

7. The Sevastopol epic. Transfer to the Danube army, to the fighting Sevastopol (1854) after an unsuccessful letter of resignation. Anger and pain about the dead, the curse of the war, cruel realism in the "Sevastopol Tales".

8. Ideological searches 50-60 years:

· The main evil is the miserable, plight of the peasants. "Morning of the Landowner" (1856).

· Feeling of the impending peasant revolution.

· Exposing the ruling circles and preaching universal love.

· The writer's ideological crisis.

· Trying to find answers to troubling questions while traveling abroad. Lucerne.

· The thought of raising a new person. Pedagogical and educational activities. Opening schools, creating "ABC" and books for children.

· Attitude towards reform. Active participation in public life, activities of a world mediator. Disappointment.

· Changes in personal life. Marriage to Sofya Andreevna Bers.

1. Concept and creation of the novel "War and Peace" (1863 - 1869). The new genre is an epic novel. "People's Thought" in the novel.

2. "Family Thought" in the novel "Anna Karenina" (1877). Personal happiness and national happiness. Family life and life in Russia.

3. Spiritual crisis 70 - 80 years. Expectation of revolution and disbelief in it. Renunciation of the life of the noble circle. "Confession" (1879 - 1882). The main thing is to protect the interests of the peasantry.

4. Intense thoughts about the renewal of the reborn soul, about the movement from moral decline to spiritual rebirth. A protest against the lawlessness and lies of society - the novel "Resurrection" (1889 - 1899).

5. Cry from the heart - article "I Can't Be Silent" (1908). Protecting the people with a word.

6. Government and church persecution. Widespread popularity.

7. The result of the tragedy - leaving Yasnaya Polyana. Death at Astapovo station.

The second option is to compile a table. (The principle is used, given in the book by IA Fogelson "Literature teaches" Fogelson IA Literature teaches. Grade 10. - M .: Education, 1990. - S. 60 - 62.).

Life periods	Internal state	Diary entries	Works reflecting this state
I. 1828 - 1849 Where does personality begin? Childhood, adolescence, youth.	Formation of a sense of homeland under the impression of life in Yasnaya Polyana. Perception of beauty. Developing a sense of justice - seeking the Green Stick. Heightened sense of self-awareness during his student years. What is moral and non-moral? The main thing is to live for others, to struggle with oneself.	"... I would have been the most unhappy of people if I had not found a goal for my life - a common and useful goal ..." (1847). "1. The goal of every deed should be the happiness of one's neighbor. 2. Be content with the present. 3. Look for opportunities to do good ..." Rules of correction: "Fear idleness and disorder ...". "Be afraid of lies and motherfucking glory ...". "To memorize and write down all received information and thoughts ...". "Do not believe the thoughts born in the dispute ..." and so on. (1848).	"Childhood". "Adolescence". "Youth". (1852 - 1856) "After the Ball" (188 ....) "War and Peace" (1863 - 1869).
II. 1849 - 1851 First independent steps. Yasnaya Polyana. An experience of independent living.	Painful self-doubt, disappointment, dissatisfaction. Dispute with yourself. Much attention to self-education and self-education. Relationship "master - man". The main thing: the search for the meaning of life.	"Study the entire course of jurisprudence required for the final examination at the university." "Explore practical medicine and the theoretical part." "To study the language French, German, English, Italian and Latin." "Study agriculture ...". "To study history, geography and statistics ...". "Study mathematics, gymnasium course". "Write a thesis." "Achieve an average degree of excellence in music and painting, etc." (1849)	"Youth". "Morning of the Landowner". Lucerne. "Prisoner of the Caucasus"
III. 1851 - 1855 World of War. Service. The other side of life.	Awareness of the anti-humanity of any war. A terrible and terrible sight. But salvation is in the Russian people, who are the main hero of military events and in which the foundations of morality. The main thing is to do good to your neighbor.	"The moral strength of the Russian people is great. Many political truths will come out and will emerge in the current difficult moments for Russia ..." When, when, finally, I will stop spending my life without purpose and passion, And in my heart I feel a deep wound, And the means not to know how to heal it.	"Raid". "Marker Notes". "The Novel of a Russian Landowner". "Logging". "Cossacks". "Prisoner of the Caucasus". "Hadji Murat". "Sevasto-Polish stories". "War and Peace"
IV. 60s - 70s. The search for sources is a pedagogical and educational activity. Writer's fame.	Striving to change the world through the development of education. The main thing is to educate the people.	"I experienced important and difficult thoughts and feelings ... All the abominations of my youth burned my heart with horror, pain of repentance. I suffered for a long time." (1878).	"Anna Karenina". "ABC". Books for children.
V. 80 - 90s. Refusal from the life of the noble circle. An unreconciled pro test. Thickness.	Acceptance of people's life. Criticism of the state that corrupts the essence of luxury. A call to return to a simple life. The theory of non-resistance to evil by force. The main thing: the world is according to the laws of justice.	"The villains gathered, robbed the people, recruited soldiers, judges to guard their orgy, and are feasting." (1881)	"Sunday". "Confession". "The Kreutzer Sonata". "Father Sergius".
Vi. 1900 - 1910 Huge acquaintances. Exodus.	Strenuous spiritual work. Consciousness of the injustice of a lordly life. An attempt to reconcile your teaching with life. Refusal of ownership, leaving Yasnaya Polyana. The main thing is that something needs to be done.	“72 years old. What do I believe in?” I asked. And I sincerely replied that I believe in being kind: humble, forgive, love ... ”(1900). "They say, go back to the church. But in the church I saw a gross, obvious and harmful deception." (1902). "More and more I am burdened by this life" (1910).	"I can not be silent."

You can end the conversation about the life and work of Tolstoy with the thought that Count L.N. Tolstoy was close to the people, and the people remember this:

To Tolstoy, to Yasnaya Polyana! -

I would tell the coachman:

I'll just look, just look

How a genius looks up close.

Here he sits with furrowed brows,

At that famous table

Where heroes come to life in the word,

Saved Russia in the past.

How cleverly he mows with men

In a white shirt in front,

And the famous sweatshirt

Hanging on a carnation, go.

That he is a count, forgetting

Goes with everyone to the spring.

And what is the glory of the world,

When he is close to the peasant.

And believing in worldly happiness,

To the displeasure of the authorities,

In his Yasnaya Polyana school

He teaches peasants to children.

I would tell the coachman

It's late:

A long time ago, Tolstoy was gone.

But, as if identified by the oncoming,

Is about to return to the office.

And like rivers to the ocean

Roads lay here.

To Tolstoy, in Yasnaya Polyana

The people of the whole earth are striving.

Lesson 2. "As an epic writer, Tolstoy is our common teacher." The history of the creation of the novel "War and Peace". Features of the genre.

"In everything I want to get to the very bottom." With these words B.L. Pasternak, you can start the first lesson about "War and Peace", because it was to the very essence that LN Tolstoy, conceiving his grandiose epic. For Tolstoy the writer has always been characterized by an ambivalent attitude towards life. In his work, life is given in a unity that unites the writer's interest in both the "history of the human soul" and the "history of an entire people."

Therefore, when in the mid-50s. Decembrists who survived began to return from Siberia, the writer saw in this both a historical event and the state of a person who experienced this incredible event.

The formation of the idea was determined by himself

1856 - the beginning of the idea.

"In 1856, I began to write a story with a well-known direction and hero, who should be a Decembrist returning with his family to Russia."

1825 - the Decembrist uprising.

"Unwittingly, I passed from the present to 1825, the era of my hero's delusions and misfortunes."

1812 - war.

"To understand him, I had to travel back to his youth, and his youth coincided with the glorious epoch of 1812 for Russia."

1805 - 1807 - foreign campaigns of the Russian army.

"I was ashamed to write about our triumph in the struggle against Bonaparte France, without describing our failures and our shame."

The novel reflects the problems of both the beginning of the century and its middle. Therefore, in the novel there are, as it were, two planes: the past and the present.

Problems of the beginning of the century:

1. "Most of all in the novel I loved popular thought." The main problem is the fate of the people, the people are the basis of the moral and moral foundations of society.

2. "Who is the true hero?" - the social role of the nobility, its influence on the life of society and the country.

3. True and false patriotism.

4. The purpose of a woman is to preserve the family hearth.

Mid-century problems:

1. The fate of the people, the question of the abolition of serfdom - reforms of the 60s.

2. The gradual withdrawal of the nobility from the "arena" of struggle, the failure of the nobility, the beginning of the raznochinsky movement.

3. The issue of patriotism associated with the defeat in the Crimean War.

4. The question of the liberation of women, of her education, of female emancipation.

The novel has 4 volumes and an epilogue:

Volume I - 1805.

II volume - 1806 - 1811.

III volume - 1812.

IV volume - 1812 - 1813.

Epilogue - 1820.

Working with the class to identify the specifics of the genre of the epic novel:

1. Explanation of the concept of "epic novel". The epic novel is the largest and most monumental form of epic literature. The main feature of the epic is that it embodies the fate of peoples, the historical process itself. The epic is characterized by a wide, multifaceted, even comprehensive picture of the world, including historical events, and the appearance of everyday life, and a polyphonic human chorus, and deep meditations over the fate of the world, and intimate experiences. Hence the large volume of the novel, usually several volumes. (According to the "Dictionary of literary terms" under the editorship of LI Timofeev).

2. Revealing the features of the epic in the novel "War and Peace".

· Pictures of Russian history (Shengraben and Austerlitz battles, Peace of Tilsit, the war of 1812, the fire of Moscow, partisan movement).

· Events of public and political life (Freemasonry, Speransky's legislative activity, the first organizations of the Decembrists).

· Relations between landowners and peasants (the transformations of Pierre, Andrei; the revolt of the Bogucharov peasants, the indignation of Moscow artisans).

· Display of various strata of the population (local, Moscow, St. Petersburg nobility; officials; army; peasants).

· A wide panorama of everyday scenes of noble life (balls, high society receptions, dinners, hunting, theater visits, etc.).

· A huge number of human characters.

· Long time span (15 years).

· Wide coverage of space (Petersburg, Moscow, estates Lysye Gory and Otradnoe, Austria, Smolensk, Borodino).

Thus, Tolstoy's plan required the creation of a new genre, and only an epic novel could embody all the author's conditions.

John Galsworthy wrote of War and Peace: “If I had to name a novel that would fit the definition so dear to the hearts of the compilers of literary questionnaires:“ the greatest novel in the world, ”I would choose War and Peace.

· How does the novel begin?

· What is the originality of such a beginning?

· What is the intonation of the first chapters? Is she justified?

· How does the world of the novel change from one scene to the next?

Output. The main artistic techniques used by Tolstoy to create a panorama of Russian life are:

1. Reception of comparison and opposition.

2. "Tearing off all and sundry masks."

3. Psychologism of the story - an internal monologue.

Lessons 3 - 5. "To live honestly ...". Life searches of the heroes of the novel "War and Peace" by Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov

At the beginning of the lesson, an excerpt from a letter to L.N. Tolstoy, explaining his position in life:

"To live honestly, you have to torn, get confused, fight, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again, and again quit, and always fight and be deprived. And calmness is a spiritual meanness." (From a letter to Leo Tolstoy dated October 18, 1857).

Lesson work can be carried out in 4 groups:

Group 1 - "biographers" of Prince Andrey, they build the hero's life path.

Group 2 - "observers", they define the author's techniques used to develop the image of Andrei Bolkonsky.

Group 3 - "biographers" of Pierre Bezukhov, they build the hero's life path.

Group 4 - "observers", they define the author's techniques used to create and develop the image of Pierre.

In the course of working with the class, you can write down the main provisions in solving the problem of the lesson in the form of a table.

General conclusions of the lessons. The path of Tolstoy's favorite heroes is the path to the people. Only being on the Borodino field do they understand the essence of life - to be close to the people, because "there is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth."

Common periods:	The life path of Bolkonsky."Road of Honor".	Observers of the image of Andrei Bolkonsky.	The life path of Pierre Bezukhov. "... you see what a kind and nice guy I am."	Observers over the image of Pierre Bezukhov.
I. First acquaintance. Attitude towards secular society.	Evening in the salon of A.P. Scherer. Relationship with others. Why is he here "strange"? vol. 1, h. 1, ch. III - IV.	Portrait. Co-delivery with other heroes. Speech.	Origin. Evening at A.P. She-rer. Attitude towards others. Where did you come from? How does it behave? vol. 1, h. 1, ch. II - V.	Portrait. Speech. Behavior. Comparison with other heroes.
II. "Life mistakes", mistaken dreams and deeds - a crisis.	Service in the army, at the headquarters of Kutuzov. Attitude towards officers and officers towards him. Secret dream of a heroic deed. vol. 1, h. 1, ch. III, XII.	Portrait. Speech. Demeanor. Comparison with other heroes.	Revels in the company of Anatol Kuragin. The story with the quarter. Struggle with oneself, with one's own conflicting motives. vol. 1 h. 1 ch. VI, part 3, ch. I - II. vol. 2, h. 1, ch. IV - VI. Marriage to Helen Kuragina. Awareness of the madness of this step. Gradual conflict with the secular environment. vol. 2, h. 2, ch. I.	Portrait. Speech. Behavior. Internal mono-log.
	Schengraben. Why does Prince Andrey join Bagration's army? The goal of the Shengra-ben battle. An episode on the Tushin battery.	Internal monologue. Speech.
	War council after the battle. Honest act of the prince. Andrew. The feeling that "all this is not the same." vol. 1 h. 2 ch. XXI.	Behavior.
	Austerlitz. Feat of the book. Andrew. Wound. "Meeting" with the idol, Napoleon. Feeling the insignificance of what is going on. vol. 1, h. 3, ch. XVI - XIX.	Internal monologue. Landscape.
III. Spiritual crisis.	Return after injury. Death of his wife. Disappointment in ambitious dreams. The desire to move away from society, limited to family problems (raising a son). vol. 2, h. 2, ch. XI.	Portrait (eyes). Internal monologue - reasoning.	Spiritual crisis.
IV. Gradual awakening from the moral crisis and the desire to be useful to the Fatherland; disappointment; a crisis.	Progressive transformations in estates. vol. 2 h. 3 chap. I.		Gradual "awakening" from the crisis. Striving for moral improvement; uv-treatment by Freemason. An attempt to reorganize the activities of the Masonic lodges. vol. 2, h. 2, ch. III, XI, XII, vol. 2, part 3, ch. Vii. An attempt to benefit the peasants; transformation in the village. vol. 2, h. 2, ch. X. Disappointment in both public service and personal. vol. 2, h. 5, ch. I.
	Visit to Otradnogo (Rostov estate) on guardianship matters. Meeting with an oak tree. A conversation-thief with Pierre on the ferry. vol. 2, part 3, ch. I - III.	Portrait. Internal monologue. Landscape.
	Participation in the legal activity of Speransky and disillusionment with it. vol. 2, part 3, ch. IV - VI, XVIII. Love for Natasha and a break with her.
V. Prince Andrew during the war of 1812. Rapprochement with the people, rejection of ambitious dreams.	Refusal to serve at the headquarters. Relations with officers. vol. 3, part 1, ch. XI, part 2. ch. V, XXV. The attitude of the soldiers to the book. Andrey. This is evidenced by the fact that he was called "our prince". How does Andrei talk about the defense of Smolensk? His reasoning about the French invaders. Participation in the Battle of Borodino, wounding. vol. 3. h. 2. ch. IV - V, XIX - XXXVI.	Portrait. Internal monologue. Relationship with other heroes.	Pierre and the War of 1812. On the Borodino field. The mound of Raevsky - watching the soldiers. Why is Pierre called "our master"? The role of Borodin in the life of Pierre. The thought of killing Napoleon. Life in the abandoned Moskva. vol. 3, part 1, ch. XXII, part 2, ch. XX, XXXI - XXXII, part 3, ch. IX, XXVII, XXXIII - XXXV.	Portrait. Internal mono-log.
Vi. The last moments of life. Death of A. Bolkonskoy. The further fate of Pierre Bezukhov.	Meeting Anatol Kuragin at the hospital is easier. Meeting with Na-tasha is forgiveness. vol. 3. h. 2. ch. XXXVII, vol. 3, part 3, ch. XXX - XXXII.	Portrait. Internal monologue.	The role of captivity in Pierre's fate. Acquaintance with Platon Karataev. vol. 4, part 1, ch. X - XIII.	Portrait. Comparison with other heroes.
Vii. After the war with Na-poleon. (Epilogue).	The son of Andrei Bol-konsky is Niko-Lenka. Conversation with Pierre, in which there is an assumption that Andrei would become a member of a secret society. Epilogue. h. 1. ch. XIII.	Portrait. Speech.	The role of the family in Pierre's life. Love for Natasha and love for Natasha. Participation in secret societies. Epilogue. h. 1. ch. V.	Portrait. Speech.

Lesson 6. "What is beauty?" Female images in the novel "War and Peace"

The 20th century poet Nikolai Zabolotsky put it this way:

What is beauty

and why do people deify her?

She is a vessel, in which there is emptiness,

Or a fire flickering in a vessel.

Peculiarities of L.N. Tolstoy in the depiction of the inner world of the heroes of N.G. Chernyshevsky called "the dialectic of the soul," meaning development based on internal contradictions. The feminine nature in the portrayal of the writer is contradictory and inconsistent, but he appreciates and loves in her:

· The keeper of the hearth, the basis of the family;

· Moral high principles: kindness, simplicity, unselfishness, sincerity, connection with the people, understanding of the problems of society (patriotism);

· Naturalness;

· Movement of the soul.

From these positions, he approaches his heroines, treating them ambiguously.

What can be said about the heroines of the novel by the author's attitude towards them?

Vocabulary work: Distribute these words, correlating them with different groups of heroines - these will be their main features.

Vanity, arrogance, love, mercy, hypocrisy, hatred, responsibility, conscience, disinterestedness, patriotism, generosity, careerism, dignity, modesty, posturing.

You should dwell on one image, considering it in detail, and give the rest in comparison with it.

For example, Natasha Rostova. "The essence of her life is love."

1. Acquaintance with Natasha during the name day (vol. 1, part 1, chap. 8, 9, 10, 16).

· Compare the portrait of Natasha, Sonya and Vera. Why in one the author emphasizes "ugly, but alive", in the other - "a thin petite brunette", in the third - "cold and calm".

· What does comparison with a cat give for understanding the image of Sonya? "The kitty, glaring at him with her eyes, seemed every second ready to play and express all her feline nature."

In the story "Childhood" Tolstoy wrote: "In one smile is what is called the beauty of the face: if a smile adds beauty to the face, then the face is beautiful; if it does not change it, then usually; if it spoils it, then it is bad."

Watch the heroines smile:

Natasha: “she laughed at something,” “everything seemed funny to her,” “she laughed so loudly and loudly that everyone, even the prim guest, laughed against her will,” “through tears of laughter,” “burst into her sonorous laughter.”

Sonya: "her smile could not fool anyone for a moment," "a fake smile."

Julie: "entered into a separate conversation with a smiling Julie."

Faith: "But the smile did not adorn Vera's face, as is usually the case; on the contrary, her face became unnatural and therefore unpleasant."

Helen : "what was in the general smile that always adorned her face" (vol. 1. ch. 3 ch. 2).

· Compare the explanation of Sonya and Nikolai, Natasha and Boris.

· How do the faces of Sonya and Natasha change when they cry?

· Compare the behavior of A.M. Drubetskoy at an evening with A.P. Scherer, at the Rostovs' birthday and during the death of Count Bezukhov (vol. 1, part 1, chap. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22).

· Compare Natasha Rostov and Princess Marya. What do they have in common? (vol. 1, part 1, chap. 22, 23). Why does the author draw them with love?

· Why does the author bring Sonya and Liza Bolkonskaya closer together on the same line: Sonya is a kitty, Liza is a "brutal, squirrel expression"?

· Remember the evening at A.P. Scherer. How do the heroines behave there?

1. Natasha's behavior during the return of Nicholas (vol. 2. part 1. ch. 1).

· Compare the behavior of Sonya, Natasha and Vera.

· How does the phrase "Natasha fell in love from the very minute she entered the ball" reveal Natasha's condition? (vol. 2, part 1, ch. 12)?

· Observing the verbs in the scene "Evening at Yogel's", tell us about Natasha's condition (vol. 2, part 1, ch. 15).

1. Natasha in Otradnoye. Moonlit night (vol. 2. h. 3. ch. 2).

· Compare the behavior of Sonya and Natasha.

· What did Prince Andrey feel in Natasha?

1. Natasha's first ball (vol. 2, part 3, chap. 15 - 17).

· What attracted Prince Andrew to Natasha?

· What did he manage to see and feel in her?

Why did Andrei pin his hopes for the future with her?

1. Natasha at her uncle's (vol. 2, part 4, ch. 7).

· The true beauty of the soul and the spirit of the people in the song of the uncle and in the dance of Natasha. How is Natasha's character revealed in this episode?

1. An episode with Anatole and a break with Andrey.

· Compare Natasha's behavior in the theater with Helene's behavior at the evening at A.P. Scherer. (vol. 2, part 4, chap. 12 - 13).

· How does Natasha change under the influence of Helen?

1. Natasha in a period of spiritual crisis (vol. 3. ch. 1. ch. 17).

· What does the fact that Natasha lost her gaiety indicate?

· What helps her return to life? ( Prayer).

1. Condition during the war of 1812.

· What qualities of Natasha are revealed in the scene of the transfer of carts to the wounded? (vol. 3, part 4, ch. 16).

· Why does Tolstoy connect Natasha and the wounded Andrey? (vol. 4, part 4, chap. 31 - 32).

· What spiritual power is contained in Natasha helping her mother after Petit's death? (vol. 4, part 4, ch. 2).

1. Family happiness. (Epilogue, part 1, chap. 10 - 12). How did Tolstoy's idea of the place of women in society come true in the image of Natasha?

Output. Natasha, like other beloved heroes, goes through a difficult path of quest: from a joyful, enthusiastic perception of life, through apparent happiness from an engagement with Andrei, through life mistakes - betrayal of Andrei with Anatole, through a spiritual crisis and disappointment in herself, through rebirth under the influence of necessity help to relatives (mother), through high love for the wounded Prince Andrey - to comprehend the meaning of life in the family in the role of wife and mother.

A lesson on this topic may include numerous written works:

1. Observing the dynamics of Natasha's portrait.

2. Search for the most characteristic details in the portraits of different heroines.

3. Comparison of heroines (Natasha Rostova - Princess Marya - Helen - Sonya).

4. External and internal features:

· Beautiful or ugly?

· State of mind, ability to experience, loyalty, responsiveness, love, naturalness.

Lesson 7. "Mind of the Mind" and "Mind of the Heart". The Rostov family and the Bolkonsky family

The Rostov and Bolkonsky families are portrayed by Tolstoy with great sympathy, because:

· They are participants in historical events, patriots;

· They are not attracted by careerism and profit;

· They are close to the Russian people.

	Rostov	Bolkonsky
1. Older generation. Evening at A.P. Scherer. Compare: - the relationship between the guests; - reasons for coming (external - high society reception - and internal - personal interests).	The Rostovs' parents are bread-and-butter, simple-minded, simple, trusting, generous (an episode with money for A.M.Drubetskoy; Mitenka, Sonya, brought up in their family). The relationship between parents is mutual respect, respect (treatment). The position of the mother is the position of the mistress of the house (name day). The attitude towards guests is cordiality to everyone without honoring the ranks (name day).	The old prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky is a stubborn and imperious old man who does not bow to anything. General-en-chief under Paul I was exiled to the village. Although under the new reign he was already allowed to enter the capitals, he could not forgive the insult and continued to live in Bald Mountains. He considered idleness and superstition as vices, activity and intelligence as virtues. "I was constantly busy now writing my memoirs, now with calculations from higher mathematics, now turning taba-kerok on a machine, now working in the garden and observing buildings." The main thing is honor.
2. Family relationships between adults and children.	Gullibility, purity and naturalness (stories of Nat-shi mother about all her uv-treatments). Respect for each other, a desire to help without boring lectures (the story of Nikolai's loss). Freedom and love, the absence of rigid educational norms (Natasha's behavior during the name-nin; the dance of Count Rostov). Fidelity to family relations (Nikolai did not give up his father's debts). The main thing in a relationship is love, life according to the laws of the heart.	Relationships without sentimentality. The father is an indisputable authority, although he "with the people around him, from daughter to servants, ... was harsh and unchangingly demanding, and therefore, without being cruel, he aroused fear and deference to himself. ". Respect for the father, who himself was involved in the upbringing of Marya, denying the norms of upbringing in court circles. Father's hidden love, male (the scene of the death of the prince - the last words about Princess Marya). The main thing is life according to the laws of the mind.
3. Children, the relationship between them. Compare: the behavior of Ip-polit at A.P. Scherer, revelry of Anatoly Kuragin and Dolokhov.	Sincerity, naturalness, love, respect for each other (scenes of Sonya's explanation with Nikolai, Natasha and Borys). Interest in the fate of each other (Natasha - Sonya, Natasha - Nikolay). Lessons: passion for singing, dancing. The main thing in a relationship is the soul.
4. Closeness to nature. More often they live in estates - Ot-Radnoe, Bald Mountains - than in capitals.	Ability to subtly feel nature (moonlit night in Ot-radnoye; hunting scene, Christmastide rides). Feeling of harmony between man and nature.	Permanent life in Ot-radnoe is a natural connection with the nature of Princess Mary and the old prince. Comprehension of the eternity and greatness of nature by Prince Andrey (Austerlitz sky, description of an oak on the way to Otradnoye).
5. Attitude towards the people.	The perception of the nationality is more on an emotional level (hunting scene, uncle's song, Natasha's dance).	Reasonable perception of national problems: reforms in the village of Bogo-charovo, aimed at improving the life of peasants. Andrey's relationship with the soldiers.
6. Patriotism. Attitude towards wars. Compare: - attitude to the war at A.P. Scherer, - the behavior of Zherkov, Boris Drubetskoy, Anatole in the war.	Sincere patriotism, pain for their homeland. Nikolai fights in the war; Petya, still a boy, goes to war in 1812 with the consent of his parents and dies in the first battle. Natasha demands that the wounded be given the carts. The Rostovs are leaving their homes, like many residents.	Deep patriotism of both father and children. Andrei fights during the war of 1805 - 1807, goes to the Bagrati-on detachment, in 1812 - leaves the headquarters, commands a regiment (the soldiers call him "our prince"). Old Bolkonsky himself is trying to defend his land. Princess Marya refuses the patronage of the French and leaves the Bald Mountains, which must be captured by the French.
7. Disadvantages.	Kindness is sometimes outward (Sonya's story). Sometimes Nikolai's cruelty towards the peasants. Impracticality, extravagance of Rostov's father.	The heavy, sometimes self-wicked character of the old Bolkonsky (story with Mademoiselle Burienne).
	Natasha is Tolstoy's favorite heroine, the ideal of a woman, embodied in the family.	Princess Marya is also the ideal of a woman, in Tolstoy's opinion, his beloved heroine, capable of being the keeper of the heart.

Several interesting compositions

The image of Petersburg in the works of Pushkin (grade 10 composition)
Creativity, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, describes Petersburg as a city of beauty and freedom. Alexander treats him with love, delight, and how the whole world is hidden in him.
The main characters of the story Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow
Heroes of the work of Pinocchio composition
One of the main characters of the tale by Alexei Tolstoy is dad Carlo. Once he worked as an organ grinder, but he grew old and became weak and sick. Carlo lives alone in a poor closet. His home is decorated only with an old canvas
The image and characteristics of Sobakevich in the poem Dead Souls by Gogol composition
Mikhailo Semyonovich Sobakevich - one of the landowners of Gogol's poem "Dead Souls", to which the main character went. After visiting Nozdrev, Chichikov goes to Sobakevich.
Heroes of the story The Captain's Daughter and their prototypes
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wrote his brilliant works not only in poetic style, but also in prose. One of these works was the novel "The Captain's Daughter", the idea of which was based on a real historical event.

Help please !!! urgently need something in the image of Julie Kuragina from the novel War and Peace! and got the best answer

Answer from Elena Evdokimova [guru]
The image of Julie Karagina FROM Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". This is a typical socialite. The old prince Bolkonsky, with whose daughter she is in correspondence, does not want Princess Marya to be like Julie, empty and false young ladies. Julie does not have her own opinion, assesses people only as they are judged in the light (her opinion about Pierre) Her goal is to get married, and she never hides it. Nearom Sonya are jealous of Nicholas when he starts talking to her animatedly. Subsequently, she has a chance to arrange her fate when her two brothers die and she becomes a rich heiress. It was then that Boris Drubetskoy began to look after her. Barely hiding his disgust for Julie, he makes her an offer, and she, knowing full well that he cannot love her, nevertheless forces him to say the right things (Togstoy ironically notes that Karagina's estates were worth these false words of love).
Once again we see Julie, already Princess Drubetskaya, when she tries to flaunt her "patriotism" during the war of 1812. For example, her letters to Princess Marya are already different: ““ I am writing to you in Russian, my good friend, ”wrote Julie,“ because I have hatred for all Frenchmen, as well as for their language, which I cannot hear speak. .. We in Moscow are all enthusiastic through our enthusiasm for our beloved emperor. My poor husband endures work and hunger in Jewish taverns; but the news that I have inspires me even more. "Also" in Julie's company, as in many societies in Moscow , it was supposed to speak only Russian, and those who were mistaken in speaking French, paid a fine in favor of the donation committee. " Drubetskaya was one of the first to leave Moscow, even before the Battle of Borodino.
We do not meet with her again. But one more detail. Tolstoy does not describe her face in detail, saying only that it is red and sprinkled with powder. It immediately becomes clear how he relates to his heroine.

Answer from 3 answers[guru]

Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: Help please !!! urgently need something like Julie Kuragina from the novel War and Peace!

Secular society is immersed in eternal vanity. In the portrait of the beautiful woman, Helen Tolstoy sees the whiteness of the shoulders, the gloss of hair and diamonds, a very open chest and back, a frozen smile. Such details allow the artist to emphasize the inner emptiness, the insignificance of the high society lioness. The place of genuine human feelings is taken by cash in the luxurious living rooms. The marriage of Helene, who chose Pierre, who had become rich, is a clear confirmation of this. Tolstoy shows that the behavior of the daughter of Prince Vasily is not a deviation from the norm, but the norm of life of the society to which she belongs. Indeed, does Julie Karagina behave differently, having, thanks to her wealth, a sufficient selection of suitors; or Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya, attaching her son to the guard? Even before the bed of the dying Count Bezukhov, Pierre's father, Anna Mikhailovna feels not a feeling of compassion, but fear that Boris will be left without an inheritance.

Tolstoy shows high society beauties in family life as well. Family, children do not play a significant role in their life. Helene seems ridiculous when Pierre said that spouses can and should be bound by feelings of heartfelt affection and love. Countess Bezukhova thinks with disgust of the possibility of having children. She leaves her husband with surprising ease. Helen is a concentrated manifestation of complete lack of spirituality, emptiness, vanity.

Excessive emancipation leads a woman, according to Tolstoy, to a misunderstanding of her own role. In the salon of Helene and Anna Pavlovna Scherer, political disputes, judgments about Napoleon, about the position of the Russian army sound ... A sense of false patriotism makes them broadcast only in Russian during the invasion of the French. High society beauties have largely lost the main features that are inherent in a real woman. On the contrary, in the images of Sonya, Princess Marya, Natasha Rostova, those features are grouped that make up the type of woman in the true sense.

V novel by L. N. Tolstoy's female images play a significant role. In the novel, the theme of "peace", that is, society, family, happiness, is associated with personal names. The writer showed us different families: the Rostovs, Bolkonsky, Kuragin, Bezukhov, Drubetsky, Dolokhov and others. Women are different in them, but their role is significant everywhere. The fate of the family, its way of life, and moral values are formed from the character of women, from their mental disposition.

Most of all, Tolstoy loves his two heroines: Natasha Rostova and Marya Bolkonskaya. The girls reading the novel love the cheerful, spontaneous and unpredictable Natasha.

I like both girls. But if I had to choose one of them as a friend, I would choose Princess Marya. Maybe with Natasha it would have been more fun, brighter, but with Marya it would have been more interesting and reliable for me.

It was not easy for her to live with an old father and a French governess. Ugly, lonely, with all the wealth of the Bolkonskys, she is deprived of much: she has no close friends, no mother. An oppressive father and a coldly restrained brother, busy with service and his problems, did not dispose to communication and the manifestation of tender feelings.

But Princess Marya built her own spiritual castle, strict and clean. She is smart, truly kind and natural in every step. Even her religiosity commands respect, because for Princess Marya, God is above all justice, her faith is a demand for herself; she begs for weakness to all others, never to herself.

In the actions and words of Princess Marya there is no vanity, no frivolity. Self-esteem does not allow her to cheat, keep silent, not stand up for a person whom she respects. When Julie Kuragina wrote in a letter about Pierre that he “always seemed to her an insignificant person,” the princess answered her: “I cannot share your opinion about Pierre. It seemed to me that he always had a beautiful heart, and this is the quality that I value most in people. " Princess Marya in her letter expresses her sympathy to Pierre: "So young to be weighed down by such a huge state, how many temptations he will have to go through!"

An amazing understanding for a young girl of people and the complexities of life!

She will be able to understand the stumbled Natasha, she will be able to understand and forgive her father, she understands the situation of the peasants and orders them to give them the master's bread.

The death of her father freed Princess Marya from eternal fear, from constant control and guardianship. But now, surrounded by enemies, with a young nephew in her arms, she herself had to make decisions. In difficult moments, the decisiveness and dignity of her father and brother awoke in her: “So that Prince Andrew knows that she is in the power of the French! So that she, the daughter of Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, would ask General Rameau to protect her and use his good deeds! " And her offended pride is poured into quick and decisive action. In this difficult period for the princess, Nikolai Rostov appears as a savior and protector. She drives away from herself the thought that she would like to see her future husband in him. Self-doubt prevents her from believing that happiness has come to her.

The inner beauty of Princess Marya, her mind, purity, naturalness make one forget about her external ugliness. Nikolai Rostov also sees only her radiant, shining eyes, which by the end of the novel are filled with the radiance of happiness.

Of course, every girl should have a thirst for life, love and happiness, as in Natasha Rostova. But every girl should also have Princess Marya, with her self-doubt, with her secret conviction that love will come to anyone, but not to her, with a deeply hidden dream of happiness. Without this, she will turn into Helen Bezukhova.

Julie Karagina plays a secondary role in the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

Since in this novel there are two families - the Karagin and the Kuragin, you can very easily get lost in them. The Karagin family is Julie Karagina herself and her mother. The reader learns that they are very rich and live in Moscow. Julie is a friend of Princess Marya. She used to have brothers, but in 1811 they died on the battlefield.

The Kuragins are presented in the novel as the head of the family - Prince Vasily - and his children: Helen, Ippolit and Anatole.

At the beginning of the book - 1805 - Julie is between the ages of 20-21. She is not particularly attractive, she has a round red face, wet eyes and a chin that glares into her eyes. She carefully follows fashion, dressing herself only in new items. However, for a very long time in the novel, she cannot get married, therefore in society, behind her back, she is called the "old bride". The princess seeks to get married as soon as possible, so she often visits various theaters and balls to find at least someone of the male sex. She wants to show herself as a patriotic girl by saying something about the French.

After the death of her brothers, the girl becomes one of the richest brides in Moscow. She is very unnatural, naive and stupid. Due to the wealth of the princess, Rostov's mother was ready to persuade her son to marry her, since the family is in a bad situation. Julie herself likes Rostov, but she understands perfectly well that due to the age difference, there will be nothing but friendship. Nikolai does not like her and the very idea of "marriage because of the money state" is disgusting to him.

And soon, his former best friend, Boris Drubetskoy, begins to look after her. This is due to money, since the girl herself is disgusting to him, he does not love her. Julie understands this very well, but does not show it. As a result, Boris marries her, a magnificent wedding is played. The girl is now Princess Drubetskaya. But her husband does not intend to see her often.

Julie was also on friendly terms with Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. They were closest friends from an early age. However, over the course of their lives, their friendship began to crumble little by little. As humans, they had changed since childhood, and now had almost nothing in common in conversation. Julie seemed like a stranger to Marie. And she, in turn, did not get pleasure from their meetings, as it was before.

This character was shown to the reader as a girl who is ready to marry anyone, and they want to take her only because of the money. But in the end, she never gets the love itself from her husband.

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Prince Vasily Kuragin is one of the significant characters in the epic novel War and Peace. His family, soulless and rude, arrogant and acting ahead when there is an opportunity to get rich, is opposed to the delicate and kind-hearted Rostov family and the intellectual Bolkonsky family. Vasily Kuragin does not live by thoughts, but rather by instincts.

When he meets an influential person, he tries to get closer to him, and this happens automatically for him.

The appearance of Prince Vasily Sergeevich

We meet him for the first time in Anna Pavlovna's salon, where all the intellectual and what a wretched color of Petersburg is to be tested. While no one has arrived yet, he has helpful and confidential conversations with an aging, forty-year-old "enthusiast." Important and official, carrying his head high, he arrived in a court uniform with stars (he managed to receive awards without doing anything useful for the country). Vasily Kuragin is bald, perfumed, dignified and, even in spite of his sixty years, graceful.

His movements are always free and familiar. Nothing can bring him out of balance. Vasily Kuragin has grown old, having spent his entire life in the world, and is in control of himself brilliantly. His flat face is covered with wrinkles. All this becomes known from the first chapter of the first part of the novel.

The Prince's Concern

He has three children whom he loves a little. In the same chapter, he himself says that he does not have parental love for children, but he considers it his great task to attach them well in life.

In a conversation with Anna Pavlovna, he as if inadvertently asks who the position of the first secretary in Vienna is intended for. This is his main purpose of visiting Scherer. He needs to put in a warm place the silly son of Hippolytus. But, by the way, he agrees that Anna Pavlovna will try to marry his dissolute son Anatole with the rich and noble Maria Bolkonskaya, who lives with her father on the estate. And in general, he knows how to use people. He is always attracted to those who are above him, and the prince has a rare gift - to catch the moment when people can and should be used.

The ugly deeds of the prince

In the first part, starting from Chapter XVIII, Vasily Kuragin tries, having arrived in Moscow, to take possession of Pierre's inheritance, destroying his father's will. Julie Karagina wrote more or less in detail about this ugly story of Maria Bolkonskaya in a letter. Having received nothing and having played a "disgusting role", as Julie put it, Prince Vasily Kuragin left for Petersburg confused. But he did not stay in this state for long.

It was as if he absentmindedly made an effort to bring Pierre closer to his daughter, and successfully completed this business with a wedding. Pierre's money should serve the prince's family. This is how it should be, according to Prince Vasily. An attempt to marry the rake of Anatole to the unrequited ugly princess Marya also cannot be called a worthy act: he only cares about the rich dowry that his son can receive at the same time. But his wicked family is degenerating. Hippolytus is just a fool that no one takes seriously. Helen dies. Anatole, having undergone amputation of his leg, is not known whether he will survive or not.

Kuragin's character

He is self-confident, empty, and in the tone of his voice behind decency and sympathy there is always a sneer shining through. He always tries to get close to people of high position. So, for example, everyone knows that he is on good terms with Kutuzov, and they turn to him for help in order to attach their sons to adjutants. But he used to refuse everyone, so that at the right moment, and we have already talked about this, to take advantage of the favors only for himself. Such small lines, scattered in the text of the novel, describe a secular person - Vasily Kuragin. L. Tolstoy's characterization of it is very unflattering, and with its help the author describes the high society as a whole.

Vasily Kuragin appears before us as a great intriguer, accustomed to living with thoughts of career, money and profit. "War and Peace" (moreover, peace in Tolstoy's time was written through the letter i, which is unusual for us and meant not only peace as the absence of war, but also, to a greater extent, the universe, and there was no direct antithesis in this name) - a work in which the prince shown against the background of high society receptions and in his home, where there is no warmth and cordial relations. The epic novel contains monumental pictures of life and hundreds of characters, one of which is Prince Kuragin.

In the section on the question Help please !!! urgently need something in the image of Julie Kuragina from the novel War and Peace! given by the author Grow up the best answer is The image of Julie Karagina FROM Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". This is a typical socialite. The old prince Bolkonsky, with whose daughter she is in correspondence, does not want Princess Marya to be like Julie, empty and false young ladies. Julie does not have her own opinion, assesses people only as they are judged in the light (her opinion about Pierre) Her goal is to get married, and she never hides it. Nearom Sonya are jealous of Nicholas when he starts talking to her animatedly. Subsequently, she has a chance to arrange her fate when her two brothers die and she becomes a rich heiress. It was then that Boris Drubetskoy began to look after her. Barely hiding his disgust for Julie, he makes her an offer, and she, knowing full well that he cannot love her, nevertheless forces him to say the right things (Togstoy ironically notes that Karagina's estates were worth these false words of love).
Once again we see Julie, already Princess Drubetskaya, when she tries to flaunt her "patriotism" during the war of 1812. For example, her letters to Princess Marya are already different: ““ I am writing to you in Russian, my good friend, ”wrote Julie,“ because I have hatred for all Frenchmen, as well as for their language, which I cannot hear speak. .. We in Moscow are all enthusiastic through our enthusiasm for our beloved emperor. My poor husband endures work and hunger in Jewish taverns; but the news that I have inspires me even more. "Also" in Julie's company, as in many societies in Moscow , it was supposed to speak only Russian, and those who were mistaken in speaking French, paid a fine in favor of the donation committee. " Drubetskaya was one of the first to leave Moscow, even before the Battle of Borodino.
We do not meet with her again. But one more detail. Tolstoy does not describe her face in detail, saying only that it is red and sprinkled with powder. It immediately becomes clear how he relates to his heroine.

The female theme occupies an important place in Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace. This work is a polemical response from the writer to the supporters of female emancipation. At one of the poles of artistic research there are numerous types of high society beauties, hostesses of magnificent salons in St. Petersburg and Moscow - Helen Kuragina, Julie Karagina, Anna Pavlovna Sherer; the cold and apathetic Vera Berg dreams of her own salon ... Secular society is immersed in eternal vanity. In the portrait of the beautiful woman, Helen Tolstoy sees the whiteness of the shoulders, the gloss of hair and diamonds, a very open chest and back, a frozen smile. Such details allow the artist to emphasize the inner emptiness, the insignificance of the high society lioness.

The place of genuine human feelings is taken by cash in the luxurious living rooms. The marriage of Helene, who chose Pierre, who had become rich, is a clear confirmation of this. Tolstoy shows that the behavior of the daughter of Prince Vasily is not a deviation from the norm, but the norm of life of the society to which she belongs.

Indeed, does Julie Karagina behave differently, having, thanks to her wealth, a sufficient choice of suitors; or Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya, attaching her son to the guard? Even before the bed of the dying Count Bezukhov, Pierre's father, Anna Mikhailovna feels not a feeling of compassion, but fear that Boris will be left without an inheritance. Tolstoy shows high society beauties in family life as well.

Family, children do not play a significant role in their life. Helene seems ridiculous when Pierre said that spouses can and should be bound by feelings of heartfelt affection and love. Countess Bezukhova thinks with disgust of the possibility of having children. She leaves her husband with surprising ease.

Helen is a concentrated manifestation of complete lack of spirituality, emptiness, vanity. Excessive emancipation leads a woman, according to Tolstoy, to a misunderstanding of her own role. In the salon of Helene and Anna Pavlovna Scherer, political disputes, judgments about Napoleon, about the position of the Russian army are heard ... A sense of false patriotism makes them speak exclusively in Russian during the invasion of the French.

High society beauties have largely lost the main features that are inherent in a real woman. On the contrary, in the images of Sonya, Princess Marya, Natasha Rostova, those features are grouped that make up the type of woman in the true sense. At the same time, Tolstoy does not try to create ideals, but takes life as it is.

Indeed, there are no consciously heroic female natures in the work, similar to Turgenev's Marianne from the novel "Nov" or Elena Stakhova from "On the Eve". Needless to say, Tolstoy's favorite heroines are devoid of romantic elation? Women's spirituality does not lie in intellectual life, not in Anna Pavlovna Sherer's, Helen Kuragina's, Julie Karagina's hobbies for political and other male issues, but exclusively in the ability to love, in devotion to the family hearth. Daughter, sister, wife, mother - these are the main situations in which the character of Tolstoy's favorite heroines is revealed. This conclusion may raise doubts on a cursory reading of the novel. Indeed, the actions of Princess Marya and Natasha Rostova during the French invasion are patriotic, and Marya Bolkonskaya's unwillingness to take advantage of the patronage of the French general and the impossibility for Natasha to stay in Moscow under the French are also patriotic. However, the connection between female images and the image of war in the novel is more complex; it is not limited to the patriotism of the best Russian women.

Tolstoy shows that it took a historical movement of millions of people so that the heroes of the novel (Marya Bolkonskaya and Natasha Rostova and Pierre Bezukhov) could find their way to each other. Favorite heroines of Tolstoy live with their hearts, not with their minds. All the best, cherished memories of Sonya are associated with Nikolai Rostov: common children's games and pranks, Christmastide with fortune-telling and mummers, Nikolai's love impulse, the first kiss ... Sonya remains faithful to her beloved, rejecting Dolokhov's offer.

She loves meekly, but she cannot give up her love. And after the marriage of Nikolai, Sonya, of course, continues to love him. Marya Bolkonskaya, with her evangelical humility, is especially close to Tolstoy. And yet it is her image that personifies the triumph of natural human needs over asceticism.

The princess secretly dreams of marriage, of her own family, of children. Her love for Nikolai Rostov is a high, spiritual feeling.

In the epilogue of the novel, Tolstoy paints pictures of the Rostovs' family happiness, emphasizing that it was in the family that Princess Marya found the true meaning of life. constitutes the essence of Natasha Rostova's life. Young Natasha loves everyone: the uncomplaining Sonya, and the mother-countess, and her father, and Nikolai, and Petya, and Boris Drubetsky. The rapprochement, and then separation from Prince Andrey, who proposed to her, makes Natasha suffer internally.

An overabundance of life and inexperience are a source of mistakes, rash actions of the heroine (the story with Anatoly Kuragin). Love for Prince Andrei awakens with renewed vigor in Natasha. She leaves Moscow with a wagon train, which includes the wounded Bolkonsky. Natasha is again seized by an unreasonable feeling of love and compassion. She is selfless to the end. The death of Prince Andrey deprives Natasha's life of meaning. The news of the death of Petya makes the heroine overcome her own grief in order to keep the old mother from mad despair.

Natasha “thought her life was over. But suddenly love for her mother showed her that the essence of her life - love - was still alive in her.

Love woke up and life woke up. " After marriage, Natasha renounces social life, from "all her charms" and gives herself entirely to family life. Mutual understanding of spouses is based on the ability "with extraordinary clarity and speed to understand and communicate each other's thoughts in a way contrary to all the rules of logic."

This is the ideal of family happiness. This is Tolstoy's ideal of "peace." Tolstoy's thoughts about the true destiny of women, I think, are not outdated even today. Of course, women who have devoted themselves to political or social activities play a significant role in today's life. But still, many of our contemporaries choose what Tolstoy's favorite heroines have chosen for themselves. And is it really so little - to love and be loved?

One of the most striking female characters in the novel is the image of Natasha Rostova. Being a master of depicting human souls and characters, Tolstoy embodied the best features of the human personality in the image of Natasha. He did not want to portray her as intelligent, calculating, adapted to life and at the same time completely soulless, as he made another heroine of the novel - Helen Kuragina. Simplicity and spirituality make Natasha more attractive than Helene with her intelligence and good secular manners. Many episodes of the novel tell about how Natasha inspires people, makes them better, kinder, helps them find love for life, find the right decisions.

For example, when Nikolai Rostov, having lost a large sum of money in his cards to Dolokhov, returns home irritated and does not feel the joy of life, he hears Natasha's singing and suddenly realizes that “all this: misfortune, money, and Dolokhov, and anger, and honor - all nonsense, but she is real ... ". But Natasha not only helps people in difficult life situations, she also simply brings them joy and happiness, gives them the opportunity to admire themselves, and she does this unconsciously and unselfishly, as in the episode of the dance after the hunt, when she “became, smiled solemnly, proudly and cunningly - it was fun, the first fear that gripped Nicholas and all those present, the fear that she would do the wrong thing, passed, and they were already admiring her.

Natasha is also close to the people, and to the understanding of the amazing beauty of nature. When describing a night in Otradnoye, the author compares the feelings of two sisters, closest friends, Sonya and Natasha.

Natasha, whose soul is full of bright poetic feelings, asks Sonya to come to the window, peer into the extraordinary beauty of the starry sky, breathe in the smells that the quiet night is full of. She exclaims: “After all, such a lovely night has never happened! But Sonya cannot understand Natasha's enthusiastic excitement. It lacks the kind of inner fire that Tolstoy glorified in Natasha.

Sonya is kind, sweet, honest, affable, she does not commit a single bad deed and carries her love for Nikolai through the years. She is too good and correct, she never makes mistakes from which she could draw life experience and get an incentive for further development. Natasha makes mistakes and draws from them the necessary life experience. She meets Prince Andrew, their feelings can be called a sudden unity of thoughts, they understood each other suddenly, felt something uniting them. But nevertheless, Natasha suddenly falls in love with Anatol Kuragin, even wants to run away with him. This can be explained by the fact that Natasha is the most ordinary person, with her own weaknesses. Her heart is inherent in simplicity, openness, gullibility, she simply follows her feelings, not knowing how to subordinate them to reason.