Quite often, writers and screenwriters endow their characters with their own fictional languages. Sometimes to maintain the intrigue of what is happening, sometimes to add depth to the work, and sometimes even for reasons known only to them. In our review, 10 very interesting and funny fictional languages that have appeared in recent decades.
1. Alien
Alien is a set of fictional languages that appear frequently, usually in the form of graffiti, in the popular animated series Futurama. There is even a translation of this language into English, which was done by devoted fans of the series.
2. Snake
In the Harry Potter books, Parseltongue is the language of snakes, which is understood only by parselmouth wizards. It could be spoken by Salazar Slytherin and his descendants, including Voldemort, who passed this ability on to Harry when he tried to kill him. JK Rowling stated that she called the tongue "an ancient name for those who have trouble speaking."3. Aklo
Aklo is a fictional language that is often associated with the writing of forbidden or occult texts. Aklo was invented by Arthur Macken in the 1899 story "White Men", in which two men discuss the nature of evil. This language is notable because it has been frequently used in other fiction. Lovecraft used Aklo in two Cthulhu stories (The Dunwich Horror and The Ghost in the Dark). Alan Moore used this language in his novel The Courtyard. Because the language is only ever used in passing and by many authors, there is no single set of its grammar or vocabulary.
4. Mangani
Mangani is the language of the apes from Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan novels, and is also the word the apes use to refer to themselves. It is described as consisting of guttural sounds that represent nouns and basic concepts.
5. Newspeak (new language)
Newspeak was invented by George Orwell for his dystopian novel 1984. Newspeak was developed by a fictional totalitarian regime to ensure its dominance over the people. It was originally an English language, but its vocabulary was constantly being reduced to exclude any words that conveyed ideas of freedom, rebellion or free thought.
6. Nadsat
Invented by author Anthony Burgess, Nadsat is the idiomatic lingua franca of the teenagers in A Clockwork Orange. The word itself comes from the transliteration of the Russian word (the ending of the numerals "-nadtsat"). It was a vernacular language created by the youth counterculture, consisting of English, some transliterations from Russian, London Cockney slang and words coined by Burgess himself. All of Nadsat’s words are simple, and the author seeks to show by this the lack of depth of thinking among teenagers.
7. Simlish
Simlish is the spoken language in the Sims computer game. In order to avoid the cost of recording repetitive dialogue and translating it, the project director asked the actors to improvise and speak in incomprehensible gibberish.
8. Esperanto
The only real language on this list. It was one of the most successful artificial languages in history. Esperanto was created by the Warsaw ophthalmologist Zamenhof and described in his book "Unua Libro" in 1887. The word "Esperanto" means "one who hopes." Today there are 100-200 people who speak Esperanto fluently and about 200-2000 native speakers.
9. Klingon
The Klingon language from the Star Trek universe is in fact an almost fully developed language today. For the first time, the language (or rather individual phrases) appeared in the film “Star Trek” (1979). Paramount Pictures subsequently hired linguist Marc Okrand to develop the full language in detail. The first Klingon dictionary was published in 1985. Shakespeare's famous plays Much Ado About Nothing and Hamlet were even translated into this language.
10. Languages of Arda
The term is used to describe many of the fictional languages invented by Tolkien for The Lord of the Rings and other works set in Middle-earth. This was done out of a desire to provide real linguistic depth to the names and places that Tolkien used in his famous works. The two most mature of these languages are Quenya (High Elvish) and Sindarin. Quenya is comparable to Latin and is an old language used in Middle-earth as an official language. Both languages were heavily influenced by Finnish and Welsh, although this influence became less noticeable with their further development.
However, who knows, maybe these invented languages will someday be used more widely, like those that have come to real life today.
You may ask - why speak in invented languages, because no one understands them? That's the point! Suppose you need to talk about something very important on the phone (or, more recently, on Skype), and you definitely don’t want your competitors to overhear you, much less the intelligence services. No, they will eavesdrop, but they probably won’t understand a word. All you need is for your partner at the other end of the line (on the other side of the monitor) to also know this language. Plus, learning any new language is a great workout for the brain. And for this you don’t need to go to language courses - just patience and the Internet - thanks to the Omniglot website.
The Utopian Language of Thomas More
I hope from your history lessons you remember who Thomas More was? A professor, writer, lawyer, diplomat and politician who lived at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries and disliked English society so much that he came up with a country of prosperity long before Marx-Engels-Lenin, and called it “Utopia,” which also means “the best place.” " and "missing place". The voluminous work was published in 1516 and was written in Latin. However, Thomas More envisioned a new language, unlike anything before, as fundamental to the new ideal society.
Tolkien's Tengwar (Elvish) language
Well, don't tell me that you've never been thrilled with Liv Tyler speaking Sindarin Tengwar fluently. This is the language of Valarin, Telerin, Sindarin, a bunch of other places, and even the Dark Language of Mordor. When you master the language perfectly and you have “our Charm” in your hands, that is, the Ring of Omnipotence, do not rush to destroy it. It might come in handy.
Kirt - Tolkien's dwarven language
And, if we started talking about Middle-earth, then we must not forget about the numerous people of gnomes. The population of Moria successfully integrated the Kirt alphabet (or Kertas Daeron) into their Khuzdul language, because... well, you know, dwarves don’t write - they carve words in stone. In principle, there is an assumption that Tolkien almost exactly “rolled” the kirth from the Celtic runes. So, at the same time, learn the language that is still spoken in some places in Ireland.
Futurama Alien Language
If you think that the strange icons that appear in many Futurama episodes are just a set of symbols that came into the head of Matt Groeneng, then you are very mistaken. Just as, until recently, we were mistaken. Cartoon aliens even have punctuation marks. This means that this language is the future :)
Klingon language from Star Trek
How can you make a list of fictional languages and not mention Klingon? This language has gained such popularity that there are a certain number of people in the world who speak it fluently. Moreover, they translate into Klingon Shakespeare, and even the Bible. The only inconvenience with Klingon is that, most likely, in the “cunning schools” all over the Earth, just in case, they are already teaching it.
Aurek Besh - the language of the Jedi
Despite the fact that Aurek Besh first appeared only in the film Return of the Jedi, I can assume that the Jedi have been speaking it for many centuries.
Kryptonian - Superman's language
Kryptonian (or Kryptonese) is spoken, not surprisingly, on Krypton, Clark Kent's home planet. If you decide to learn this language, do not forget about Superman's curse, and also think about the fact that when you end your post on Facebook (VKontakte, Twitter, etc.) with a double exclamation mark, you are actually writing the letter “a”.
Language of the Ancients from Stargate
If you believe the SG-1 series, then this is the language the Ancients wrote and spoke - the people who created (including) earthly civilization millions of years ago. Although, it should be noted that the appearance of this font, we actually owe to an old Czech poster, on the basis of which it was created by artist Boyd Godfrey for the pilot episode of Stargate Atlantis.
Dragon runes
The language of dragons is considered the most ancient of all that existed on Earth. Dragons are generally taciturn creatures, but if they began to speak, they expressed themselves exclusively in this language. People in the Middle Ages often used Draconic as a universal language of magic. Now it’s difficult to check exactly how it sounds. And all thanks to Saint George, who destroyed, they say, the last living dragon on the planet.
Matoran - LEGO bionic language
Did you know that Lego has its own language? Well, at least it was used in the Bionicle series. If your children know it (and they do!), there is a reason to learn Matoran in order to understand what secret notes your offspring exchange.
Professor Tolkien knew a lot about non-existent universes. “It’s easy to invent a green sun,” he said, “it’s more difficult to create a world in which it would be natural.” For him, a philologist, a specialist in Old Germanic and Old English literature, the main element of such naturalness was, of course, the languages of the peoples and creatures living in the fictional world. It was the construction of artificial languages that was the real passion of the ancestor of fantasy, and over his long life Tolkien invented several dozen of them. He saw the heroes and events that are described in his famous books as simply the background against which languages exist and develop. “It is more likely that ‘stories’ were composed in order to create a world for languages, rather than vice versa,” the writer explained. “In my case, the name comes first, and then the story.” I would actually prefer to write in Elvish.” A great many fictional languages, “artlangs”, have been invented in literature and cinema. Professional linguists also took part in the creation of some, but few can boast of such meticulous elaboration as Tolkien’s. The professor developed extremely detailed grammar and writing, and most importantly, history: unlike most other artificial languages, we know about Tolkien’s how they changed over time.
Our expert is Alexander Piperski, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor at the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian State University for the Humanities, author of the book “Constructing Languages: From Esperanto to Dothraki”, which is being prepared for publication by the Alpina Non-Fiction publishing house.
Sindarin
John Tolkien, "The Lord of the Rings"
Slender linguistic diversity is perhaps the main secret of the amazing authenticity of the world described by Tolkien. The author invented at least fifteen Elvish languages alone, and after his death an almost finished draft of the book “Lammas” was published, stylized as the scientific work of a linguist from Middle-earth. A fictional author, discussing the dialects of his fictional world, attributes their origin to Valarin, the language of local deities, and divides them into three broad families. Oromean includes Avarin, Quenya, Telerin, Sindarin and other languages of the Elves, as well as Rohan and most of the languages of men. The Aulean family includes Khuzdul and other languages of the gnomes, and the Melkian family includes the “black speech” of orcs and other evil creatures. Tolkien's most famous languages were Elvish Sindarin and Quenya, which reflected his passion for the languages of northern Europe. Morphology - the structure of words - for Quenya was borrowed from Finnish. The phonology of Sindarin - the structure of the sound structure - inherits from Welsh. Alexander Piperski:— Tolkien borrowed a lot from natural languages. Thus, the proto-Elven plural ending -ī fell away during the development of Sindarin, causing the alternation of vowels at the base of the word: brannon (“lord”) and brennyn (“gentlemen”), urug (“orc”) and yryg (“orcs”). This is how the irregular forms of the English plural arose: man (“man”) and men (“men”) - comes from the Proto-Germanic *mann- and *manni-. Foot (“leg”) and feet (“legs”) - from *fōt- and *fōti-. This alternation is even more common in Welsh.
Dothraki
George R.R. Martin and David Peterson, Game of Thrones
The fantasy world of the A Song of Ice and Fire novel series is thought out in almost as much detail as Tolkien's. Languages are also mentioned, and for effect the characters speak a few words, either in the rough language of the Dothraki horsemen or in "high" or "low" Valyrian, reminiscent of the classical and vernacular versions of Latin or Arabic. But when it came to filming the Game of Thrones series, HBO turned to the Society for the Creation of Languages, and the competition for the development of Valyrian and Dothraki was won by the young linguist David Peterson.
Peterson did not have much source material: no more than thirty Dothraki words can be found in Martin’s books, and a significant part of them are proper names. This gave the linguist a lot of scope for imagination. And he began with the very word “Dothraki” (dothraki), raising it to the verb dothralat, “to ride.” Already from it the word dothrak, “horseman” is formed, the plural of which is dothraki. Alexander Piperski:— The grammar of the Dothraki language turned out to be quite simple, although not without its sophisticated features. For example, nouns are divided into two broad classes: animate and inanimate, and information about animateness is unpredictable. In general, large and active living things and phenomena, as well as active parts of the body, will be animate, and other concepts will be inanimate, but there are many exceptions. As in the Russian language, the declension of nouns depends on animation. Thus, in Dothraki, inanimate nouns do not change in number, but animate ones do. The inanimate word yetto can be translated as "frog" or "frogs", but shiro is only "scorpion" because it has a separate plural form - shirosi, "scorpions".
Newspeak
George Orwell, "1984"
The language of the fictional totalitarian state of Oceania is heavily modified and “coarsened” English, emphasizing the heavy atmosphere of dystopia. In Newspeak there remains an extremely meager set of adjectives, which generally happens with natural languages. For example, in Igbo, which is spoken by about 20 million people in Nigeria, there are only eight adjectives: big, small, old, new, dark, light, good and bad. By the way, in Newspeak such a combination is impossible. Many antonymous pairs in it are formed using the negative prefix un- (“not”). The writer gives examples of the words good (“good”) and ungood (“bad”, “not good”). In addition, Newspeak borrowed its love of abbreviations and complex words from the Soviet-era language. For us, who confidently use words like “foreman” (work manager) or “head teacher” (head of education), this love is easy to understand. Alexander Piperski:— The main feature of Orwellian Newspeak is, of course, its vocabulary. It consists of three layers, dictionaries A, B and C. Dictionary A includes the most common, everyday words, the number of which is reduced to a minimum. Dictionary C contains special technical terms. The most interesting thing is Dictionary B. It contains complex words specially constructed for political needs: for example, goodthink (“good thinking”) and its derivatives. Dictionary B is difficult to translate into ordinary language - “old tongue”. For example, the phrase Oldthinkers unbellyfeel Ingsoc (“Old Thinkers do not gut Ingsoc”) means “Those whose ideas were formed before the Revolution do not wholeheartedly perceive the principles of English socialism.”
Klingon
Gene Roddenberry and Marc Okrand, Star Trek
David Peterson's direct predecessor can be called Marc Okrand, the creator of the Vulcan and Klingon languages for the Star Trek series. It is worth saying that the humanoid, but extremely warlike inhabitants of the planet Klingon received a very suitable language: at the same time similar to the earthly and unusually terrifying. This is one of the most sophisticated artificial languages, it is supported by the Microsoft Bing translation system, and the Klingon Language Institute, which has united enthusiasts, publishes classic literature in translations into this artlang. However, Mark Okrand, in the preface to the authoritative “Klingon Dictionary,” writes that the Klingons themselves, although they are proud of their language, prefer English to communicate with strangers. Alexander Piperski:— The Klingon language is especially famous for its phonetics. It contains two dozen consonants, and it seems that this is not a lot - but among them there are very rare sounds, for example tlh (a voiceless, pronounced “tl”) and Q (pronounced very deep in the mouth “kh”). But even more unusual for earthly languages is the word order in Klingon sentences: object - predicate - subject. For example, the phrase “puq legh yaS” is translated as “the officer sees the child,” and “yaS legh puq” is “the child sees the officer.” Of all the possible orders of subject, predicate and object, this is the second rarest. In the World Atlas of Language Structures, it is represented in only 11 languages out of 1,377 in the sample, seven of which are common in South America.
Na'vi
James Cameron and Paul Frommer, Avatar
Linguist Paul Frommer was brought in to work on Avatar before the script was completed. So the blue-skinned, three-meter tall humanoids of the planet Pandora, who appeared on the screens four years later, were already speaking with might and main in their own language, numbering about a thousand words. Unlike Russian, the Na'vi language has an agglutinative structure: in our country, the ending in the word “wide” already contains information about gender and number, but in Na’vi (as well as Tatar, Japanese and other agglutinative languages) for each detail you will need to use a separate element (formant), as if saying “wide - one - she.”
But the word order in Na’vi sentences is familiar to us: subject, predicate, object. The number system invented for this language is very unusual. In addition to singular and plural - as in Russian - as well as dual - as in Old Russian - there is also a triple number, as in some languages of Oceania. Nantang ("viperwolf") becomes menantang ("two viperwolves"), pxenantang ("three viperwolves") and only then into aynantang ("many viperwolves").
Alexander Piperski:— The Na'vi language uses a three-part sentence construction: the subject (subject) of a transitive verb is indicated in one way, the object (object) in another, and the subject of an intransitive verb in a third. For example, the sentence Nantang-ìl frìp tute-t (“The snakewolf bites the man”): here the subject of the transitive verb (“snakewolf”) has the exponent -ìl, and the object of the transitive verb (“man”) attaches the exponent -t. In the sentence Nantang-Ø hahaw - "The viper-wolf is sleeping" - the subject of the intransitive verb is marked with the zero ending -Ø. In Russian, the subject of transitive and intransitive verbs is marked the same way, and “snakewolf” has the same form in both Russian sentences. Languages with a tripartite construction are rare, but they exist: this is how, for example, the North American Indian language Nez Perce is structured.
According to published in 2009 language catalog , people use 7,097 languages today. About 230 languages are spoken by Europeans, and 2,197 are spoken in Asia. According to Stephen Anderson, who wrote for the Linguistic Society of America, the speakers of a quarter of all the world's languages number in the hundreds, during the twenty-first century three thousand languages will become dead, and half the world's population speaks only twenty-three out of seven thousand.
On September 26, 2001, the world celebrated for the first time the European Day of Languages, established by the Council of Europe and the European Union. The main goals that the initiators of the European Day of Languages strive to achieve are published on the official website of the holiday: to inspire people to learn new languages to facilitate intercultural communications and to introduce them to the rich cultural and linguistic diversity of Europe. According to the latest data from the online publication Ethnologue (which has been keeping records of endangered dialects since 1950), six languages die every year. But new ones are also appearing.
Since Gottfried Leibniz formulated his thoughts on lingua generalis (Universal Language) in the essay “On Combinatorial Art,” many attempts were made by philosophers, poets, scientists, musicians and writers to create their own languages. In addition to the well-known Esperanto, there are dozens of artificial dialects, including the musical language of François Sudre - Solresol (instead of the alphabet, the musician proposed using seven notes,"I love you" - "Dore milyasi domi" ), the language of Leon Bolak, in which, according to H.G. Wells, the inhabitants of Utopia could communicate, the languages of the universe of J. R. R. Tolkien, the newspeak of George Orwell...
Many of the languages created by writers found native speakers thanks to successful film adaptations. Those languages that were created specifically for a particular cinematic universe also found their followers.
Navi language
"Avatar", dir. James Cameron
The Navi language, spoken by the blue-skinned inhabitants of Pandora from the movie Avatar, was created by linguist Paul Frommer at the request of James Cameron. Verbs of the Navi language are conjugated according to tenses, numbers and persons. In addition, this language has a rare morpheme - the infix, which is found today only in two modern languages: Lithuanian and Tagalog. At the time of the film's premiere, the Navi vocabulary numbered about a thousand words, but Frommer significantly expanded the language while working on a video game inspired by Cameron's film. On the blog Na'viteri.org Paul introduces fans of the Pandoran dialect to new words, rules of use depending on the context (to cheer someone up before a difficult task or on time, use the expression"Siva ko" ) and pronunciation rules. Frommer's latest additions to date, published in July of this year, include the proverb:“Koakturi kewanti keyìl ke wan” - “The face of an old man will not hide his age” . To expand your Navi vocabulary, take a look at Russian-Navi dictionary .Sindarin language
"The Lord of the Rings", dir. Peter Jackson
In her book “The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth,” Ruth Noel writes in detail about the basic rules and features of the fourteen languages that the writer developed for the peoples of Middle-earth. The most complete of them are the Elvish languages Quenya and Sindarin. In one of the letters published in 1981, Tolkien admitted that his books were created to become a world for made-up languages, and not vice versa.“Sometimes when people ask “what is it all about,” I answer that for me it is largely an essay about linguistic aesthetics.” . A philologist by training, Tolkien drew inspiration from Latin, ancient Greek, Finnish and Celtic languages.“It was as if I had found a full wine cellar with bottles of excellent wine, varieties and tastes that I had never tried before. Intoxicating" , - Tolkien writes in one of his letters about his acquaintance with the Finnish language. To translate the dialogues of the “Lord of the Rings” and “The Hobbit” trilogies, Peter Jackson hired linguist David Salo, the author of a textbook on Sindarin grammar (“Sindarin: A Gateway to Sindarin: A Grammar of an Elvish language from J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings,” 2004). In an interview with the portal http://www.theonering.net Salo spoke about the process of working on dialogues from films: if the necessary words were not in Sindarin, he borrowed a root from Quenya and formed the word according to the rules of Sindarin.
Khuzdul language
"The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey", dir. Peter Jackson
Many, including Professor Dimitra Fimi in his article for the BBC, they write about the similarity of the sound of Sindarin and Welsh. “Quenya is inspired by Finnish, and Sindarin by Welsh,” writes Fimi and quotes Tolkien (about Welsh):“...words that give pleasure to contemplate the combination of form and feeling” .
Lapin language
"Hill Dwellers", dir. Martin Rosen
The animated film, produced and directed by Rosen, like other book adaptations in which characters use fictitious languages, provides an opportunity to hear the outlandish dialect. No matter how successful the author’s metaphors are, designed to help the reader imagine the sound, in this case it is “better to hear once.”
Keren Levy in her review for The Guardian calls rabbit tongue lapin“...in the language of the village,...groves, beech trees...”. “What inspired me to create it [the rabbit tongue]? I don't know. I just made up words when I needed to get a word in in rabbit language. Some of them are onomatopoeic, like hrududu (which means "car"), but most of them come from my subconscious." - says Adams in Reddit interview.
In addition to lapin, the dialects developed by Adams are also heard in The Dwellers of the Hills. So, to communicate with other animals, rabbits switch to a lingua franca - hedgerow.
Thomas Murray, in his essay “Lapine Lingo in American English: Silflay,” writes that some words from the rabbit language have become part of American slang. As an example, he gives the verb"Silflay » – "come out of the hole to find food" , which can be heard in the midwest and north central states of America, and"Crixa" . The latter, in the book the name of the intersection of two horse trails, according to Murray, is used by students at Ohio State University - they call the university dormitories with this word. You can get acquainted with the rules of rabbit language .
Divine Language
"The Fifth Element", dir. Luc Besson
According to him, this language can be mastered by creatures"who breathe air" , while all other inhabitants of the vast expanses of space will face insurmountable difficulties. Besides dictionary Divinelanguage.com provides information on grammar specifics. The alphabet of the divine language has 78 letters (each sound has its own letter), the writing visually resembles musical notation, and seven colors are used for recording (black is exclusively for punctuation). Among the languages that influenced the structure and sound of the divine language are French, Japanese, German and Imperial Aramaic. As Steven Rogers writes in his encyclopedia of fictional languages, during filming Besson and Jovovich often communicated in an invented dialect and corresponded in it.
Klingon language
Star Trek franchise
A quarterly magazine is published in Klingon, and since 1992, the Klingon Language Institute has been operating in Flowertown (Pennsylvania). Those interested can undergo training there and receive a certificate corresponding to their level of knowledge (four levels are provided). The institute’s workers translated “Hamlet” and “Much Ado About Nothing” into Klingon; in the Star Trek cinematic universe, these works are considered originally created in the Klingon language (the rest of the world learned them through translation into English). One of the characters in the series, Chancellor Gorkon, speaks about the need to get acquainted with the classics:“You will never understand Shakespeare until you read it in the original Klingon.” .
Thanks to the Klingon Language Institute, the Epic of Gilgamesh and Lao Tzu's Book of the Way and Virtues have also been translated. Klingon became the second fictional language in which the opera was written (Esperanto was ahead of it - in 1908, the opera based on “Iphigenia in Tauris” premiered in Berlin in Esperanto). The world's first Klingon opera −'u'− was released on September 10, 2010 at the Siebelt Theater in The Hague. The plot of the opera is based on the legend mentioned in the series about the first emperor of the Klingon Empire, Kayless the Unforgettable. The music for the opera was written by Dutch jazz composer Eef Van Breen.
The English-Klingon/Klingon-English dictionary, written by its creator Marc Okrand, hit store shelves in 1985. 10 years later, a Portuguese-Klingon dictionary was published, followed by a German-Klingon dictionary in 1996, an Italo-Klingon dictionary was published in 1998, and in 2008 the dictionary was translated into Czech.
In 2009, newspapers reprinted a story about a Minnesota linguist who taught his son Klingon as a first language. D'Armond Spears, PhD, communicated with his son exclusively in Klingon for the first three years of his life. In the first episode television program “The Word of Uncle Fry” - the author's program of the British writer and actor Stephen Fry - Dr. Spears says that, having reached the age of three, his son stopped being interested in Klingon and“he answered questions asked in Klingon in English”
. Fry suggests that Spears Jr.'s loss of interest in Klingon was primarily due to the fact that this language (unlike English) was not used by the child for communication outside the home.
On the website of the Klingon Language Institute you can master set of phrases “for every day”, and for those eager for a deeper immersion in the language environment there are video lessons.
One of the leading linguists of the 20th century, Noam Chomsky in an interview for the book “Contrasts: Soviet and American Thinkers Discuss the Future”, he talks about the indissoluble connection between language and culture. Chomsky speaks of language as the key to understanding the capabilities of the human brain and cultural codes. Would there be fewer wars in the world if people were more eager to learn new languages and get acquainted with new cultures, thereby getting rid of the fear of the “stranger”? Anelia Avtandilova
Languages invented by linguist writers and other figures so that life would not be boring.
1. Baronne (アーヴ語 ) is a fictional Awa language in the Seikai no Saga series of novels by Hiroyuki Morioka. in the space opera genre. Based on the novels, several anime series were filmed and a manga was published. The scene is the planet Martin, there are two large empires - the Human Empire of the Avs and the United Humanity. Baronne has some similarities to Old Japanese, but only has a phonetic alphabet. Baronne's original source arose as an attempt to cleanse the Japanese language of foreign borrowings. An alphabet was compiled to record the Baronne baronne: ath, “at”, “letter”. For example, the word "Takamagahara" (高天原 ) - the upper, heavenly world, the habitat of the heavenly gods, in the process of development, the baron went through the forms "tacmgahar" and "lacmhacar", until it turned into Lacmhacarh, the name of the capital of the Human Empire of the Avas.
2. Languages of Middle-earth , invented by the English writer and linguist J. Tolkien ( John Ronald Reuel Tolkien):
Valarin- the proto-language of Middle-earth, had, according to legend, influenced all major languages.
a) Quenya(Quenya). Tolkien began working on this language in 1915. The basis for constructing this language was Finnish; in addition, Tolkien partially borrowed phonetics and spelling from Latin and Greek. In parallel with the development of the Quenya language, Tolkien described the people who spoke this language - the Eldar, or elves, as well as the history, land and world in which they could speak it - Middle-earth. During the times described in The Lord of the Rings, Quenya fell out of everyday use, and occupied approximately the same place in the culture of Middle-earth as Latin did in medieval European culture.
"Sin macil Elessarwa"- (This is the sword of Elessar (Aragorn)).
In 2004, after the release of the last episode of the film “The Lord of the Rings”, schoolchildren began to be officially taught the Elvish language at the Turves Green boys’ school in Birmingham.
b) Sindarin(Sindarin)- the most common language of the elves. The language of the Teleri tribe, which did not reach the immortal lands of Aman and remained in Middle-earth.
"Iauriwelllawthinnatha" (Not everyone weakens under the yoke of age).
Sindarin is written using the Tengwar alphabet.
Tengwaris the plural of Quenya “tengwa”, which means “sign”, “symbol”. To indicate vowels, most variants use superscript vowel marks - tehtar.
c) Khuzdul(Khuzdul or Khuzdûl is the language of the Dwarves. According to the legend described in the book "The Silmarillion", Khuzdul was invented by Aule, one of the Valar - the angels of Eru Ilúvatar. Aule created the Dwarves from stone and began to teach them the language he had invented for them. This happened even before how the Children of Eru - elves and people - came to Middle-earth.The basic structure of Khuzdul is similar to that of the Semitic languages.Khuzdul is used primarily in place names. One of the few phrases spoken in Khuzdul is Gimli's battle cry:
"Baruk Khazad! Khazad ai-menu!"(Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves (are coming) at you!)
Kirt, Kertar- an alphabet invented by Tolkien for the artificial languages he created. Many Kirth signs are similar to Futhark runes, but only a few vowels have the same sound meaning. Subsequently, it was almost supplanted by Tengwar, the Dwarves adapted Kertar for their language, and the simpler earlier form of Kertar was adopted by various peoples of humans and orcs.
d) Ent language- characterized by slowness and numerous repetitions, based on complex and varied shades of vowel pronunciation and various tone differences. "Laurelindorenan lindelorendor malinornelion ornemalin"(Only outside of Laurelindorenan (Lothlorien) do the leaves fall more often, I think).
d) Black speech - an artificial language, according to legend, created by Sauron for his servants instead of the numerous dialects of the orcs and other subordinate tribes. There was an archaic "high" form of the language used by the Nazgul, and a more simplified form used by the army of Barad-Dur. According to the orientalist historian A. A. Nemirovsky, this language is a Hurrian language.
Inscription on the Ring of Power:
Ash nazg durbatulûk,
ash nazg gimbatul,
ash nazg thrakatulûk,
agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.
One ring to rule them all
One ring to find them
One ring to bring them down
Into endless darkness.
e) Westron- universal language. Humble Old English.
3. Languages of musical groups:
Magmais a French rock band created in 1969. The group is famous for creating a new direction of progressive music called “Zeuhl prog”, inventing the legend of a non-existent alien race and their language - Kobaïan(Kobai), in which 10 albums of the group are sung. Based on Slavic and Scandinavian languages. The most euphonious trilogy came out - Theusz Hamtaahk.
Some words: apocalypse - emgalai, People -bloom, speech - bradia, life - dihhel, hypocrisy - dreiak.
Koenji
Hyakkei
- a wonderful Japanese group (one song will be presented below) - followers of the “Zoil-prog” direction, they also sing in Kobai. Yoshida Tatsuya吉田達也
- its genius, as they say, creator.
Moevöt- Black Metal / Black Ambient - a group from France, many dubbed it satanic, to which the participants did not really object, they sing in a demonic language similar to the black dialect. The songs are titled, for example: Abgzvoryathre, Voekreb, Zurghtapr.
4. Drow Language- the name of the language of the dark drow elves (aka Ilithiri) from the Forgotten Realms universe. Created by writer and game developer Ed Greenwood for the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons (D&D), also found in other fantasy games, such as Baldur's Gate. The Drow are a powerful and arrogant dark-skinned race that lives in underground cities. This people is notorious for its cruelty, treachery and internecine wars. Most drow follow the bloody cult of the spider goddess Lolth.(Llot, Llot). The Drow language is one of the many fictional dialects of Elvish. In the drow language, there are 23 terms for cave, 7 words for the type of water found in the Underdark, 11 for radiation (or radiation in the Underdark), and 1,284 terms that are synonyms for "torture." Words such as selflessness, compassion, and fun are not found in the drow language, since these concepts are completely incomprehensible and alien to the dark elves.
« A’ quarthusa’ lilMzilstMallaNedylene, Valsharessd’ lilIlythiirid’ Rilauven» (By order of the Most Revered Nedilen, the drow queen of Rilauwen).
5. Klingon language (tlhIngan Hol) — developed for the science fiction series “Star Trek” by linguist Marc Okrand, supplemented by a dictionary and other materials.When creating the language, Marc Okrand combined elements of the North American Indian languages familiar to him at the university and Sanskrit.For the series and after it, several Klingon writing systems were developed based on features of Tibetan writing.
"Heghlu"meH QaQ jajvam"(Today is a good day to die).
6. Simlish (Simlish) — a language designed for games SimCopter, SimCity 4, The Sims, The Sims 2 and The Sims 3. The Sims development team created the language by experimenting with broken French, Latin, Finnish and Ukrainian, Tagalog and Navajo. A number of musical groups and singers performed compositions from their repertoire in Simlian, including Depeche Mode, Katy Perry, Lily Allen and others.
"Awasa poa"(I'm bored). One of the suggested alphabets:
7.Divine language ( Divinian) - Lilu's language from the movie The Fifth Element.The language was invented by Luc Besson and greatly enriched by Milla Jovovich.There are only 400 words in the language dictionary. Slavic mixture wow, Semitic , French, Sanskrit, etc.
"Seddan akta gamat"(Never without my permission).
8.Na'vi ( na'vi - "people")— developed by professional linguist Paul Frommer commissioned by James Cameron’s production for James Cameron’s film “Avatar”.The native speakers of the Na'vi language are the blue-skinned, three-meter tall humanoids of the planet Pandora, whose atmosphere is poisonous to people.In its structure, the Na'vi language is reminiscent of the Papuan and Australian languages, and in sound it is closer to the German and Polynesian languages.
1 Oeri ta peyä fahew akewong ontu teya längu. (My nose picked up his foreign scent)
2 Fì skxawngì ritsap’ alutesengioe. (I apologize for that fool)
3 Oel ngati kameie.(I see you )
4 Txo new nga rivey, oehu!(Come with me if you want to live)
5 Eywa(God of the Pandora race)
6 tiftia kifkeyä(The science)
9. Elder Speech(Starsza Mowa , Hen Llinge) is a language with a runic script, spoken in the works of the Witcher series by Andrzej Sapkowski, the language of the ancient people of the Seed Elves. The language is based on English, French, Welsh, Irish and Latin.
"Duttaean aef cirran Caerme Glaeddyv. Yn a esseath"(The sword of destiny has two edges. One is you.)
10. Solresolis an international language based on the names of the seven notes of the diatonic scale. It was invented by the Frenchman Jean Francois Sudre in 1817.All words consist of the names of 7 notes in various combinations. Thus, the language has 7 one-syllable words, 49 two-syllable words, 336 three-syllable words and 2268 four-syllable words (2660 words in total). Sudra's project, oddly enough, earned repeated approval from various commissions of the Paris Academy of Sciences and numerous scientific societies, received a prize of 10 thousand francs at the international exhibition of 1851 in Paris and an honorary medal at the international exhibition in 1862 in London, and met with recognition many outstanding contemporaries, including Victor Hugo, Lamartine, Alexander Humboldt.
"Dore milyasi domi" (I love you).
11.Larimin(Larimin) is a language invented by Olga Laedel in her work aboutlesbian civilization of the planet Atea. In the texts of this utopia, Larimin is presented as a planned language, constructed by the witches of the planet Atea as the international language of science, teaching and book culture (thus acting partly like Latin and partly like Esperanto in real earth history). Contains about 2 thousand words.
jeacle o locle luma
o fiannasafe qaefla.
qaeti roanqe olonca
eslomia elel ünela
Warm, calm water,
soft moonlight.
The damp forest rustles,
where I walk naked.
12. Linkos(lingua cosmica - “cosmic language”) - created by Hans Freudenthal, a professor of mathematics, to communicate with extraterrestrial intelligence. The key idea of Linkos (as well as a number of subsequent languages of intercivilizational communication) is the thesis that mathematics is universal. Therefore, starting with universal and elementary mathematical concepts, which, of course, are known to aliens, we can, based on something common, try to gradually create a language for the subsequent transmission of our unique information, which, of course, they cannot yet be known.
13.Tokipona(toki pona) is a language created by Canadian Sonya Helen Kisa and claims to be the simplest.