Roman mythology. Jupiter. God Jupiter is the most formidable deity of the Romans Jupiter mythology

IV century AD e.

Children Volcano, Diana, Hercules [d], Bacchus [d], Proserpina, Juventa, Mars, Bellona, Minerva, Apollo [d], Iarbant And Mercury

The god Jupiter was revered on the hills, the tops of mountains in the form of a stone. Full moon days - the Ides - are dedicated to him.

Etymology

Diversity of the god Jupiter

The functions of Jupiter were varied, since he combined the features of several local Italic gods.

Jupiter Tonans ( Iuppiter Tonans) (thundering) sent rain, thunder;
Jupiter Fulgur ( Iuppiter Fulgur) (lightning, shining) sent lightning;
In the Roman state cult, Jupiter was called "Optimus Maximus Soter" ( Optimus Maximus Soter) (“Best, Greatest, Savior”);
Jupiter Victor ( Iuppiter Victor) granted victory;
Jupiter Laciaris ( Iuppiter Latiaris) was the god of the union of Latin tribes;
Before sowing, sacrifices were made (the ritual was called eating - daps) Jupiter Dapalis ( Iuppiter Dapalis), he patronized agriculture, the grape harvest holidays were dedicated to him - vinalia, he was considered the guarantor of fidelity to the oath;
Jupiter Terminus ( Iuppiter Terminus) was the guardian of borders;
Jupiter Libertas ( Iuppiter Libertas) was a defender of freedom;
Jupiter Feretrius ( Iuppiter Feretrius) was the god of war and victory, a custom was associated with him triumph, when the victorious commander went to the Capitol to make a sacrifice to Jupiter in the temple from the booty taken in the war and lay his laurel wreath at the feet of his statue.

Mythological origins

Jupiter goes back to the concept of the supreme thunder god Dieus, which existed in Indo-European mythology. So, in ancient Germanic mythology, Jupiter corresponds to the god Thor. Among a number of Indo-European peoples, the name of the supreme deity is associated with Thursday. In Latin, Thursday is Jovis dies (day of Jupiter, hence French jeudi, Italian giovedi, Spanish. jueves, cat. dijous, etc.), in German - Donnerstag, in English - Thursday (from the name of Thor or Donner).

Jupiter as the supreme deity

Initially, the inhabitants of Italy revered Jupiter as the god of heavenly light. [ ] The day of the full moon (Ides), when the heavenly bodies illuminate the earth both day and night, is dedicated to him. During these days, sacrifices were made to Jupiter on the tops of mountains and hills. On the Roman Capitol, a white sheep was sacrificed to him on the northern top of the hill. The Italians, in particular the Romans, believed that everything that happens in the sky happens according to the will of Jupiter. They paid special attention to lightning and rain. Lightning was regarded as a sign of this god, so the places where they hit the ground became sacred. With rains, Jupiter fertilized the earth, thanks to which it produced plants. Jupiter was especially revered by winegrowers; On August 19, holidays were held to mark the beginning of the grape harvest, and on October 11, the end of this work was celebrated. When the Romans switched from a ten-day week to a seven-day week, Thursday was dedicated to Jupiter. Order in the world, the change of seasons, months, night and day depended on this god. From the sky, Jupiter saw everything and not a single crime could go unpunished. The oath in the name of Jupiter could not be broken under fear of divine punishment.

When studying the mythology of the Roman Empire, it was easy to get confused among the names and relationships of numerous deities. The situation became more complicated when the Romans, having conquered yet another territory, added to their own pantheon the deities that the conquered people worshiped. New gods were often given and it became difficult to figure out which one was which. For example, the supreme Greek and Zeus and Jupiter are identified in mythology, but they have different origins and spheres of influence.

Pantheon of Gods in the Roman Empire

Roman troops conquered many countries, including Greece. But unlike other peoples, the Greeks were able to conquer their invaders on a cultural level. First of all, the religion of the Romans was subject to Hellenistic influence.

Over time, the Greek deities were combined with the Roman ones and renamed. Thus, Zeus the Thunderer became the supreme god of the Romans named Jupiter.

Ancient mythology contains references to the fact that with the development of the cult of this deity, more and more new “responsibilities” were attributed to him. Like the Greeks, the Romans had Jupiter's wife as his own sister, the goddess of motherhood and marriage, Juno (Hera). From this marriage were born (father of the founders of Rome, the twins Romulus and Remus) and Vulcan (Hephaestus).

Jupiter had (Hades), Neptune (Poseidon) and sister goddesses Cecera (Demeter, who bore him a daughter, Proserpina), Vesta (Hestia). Despite their equal origin, these gods were subordinate to Jupiter. There also existed a whole host of other smaller deities such as kamen (muses), graces (harita), fauns and others.

The supreme deity of the ancient Greeks is Zeus

In Greek mythology, the supreme deity was Zeus the Thunderer.

His father was the powerful titan Kronos and his sister Rhea. The Titan was afraid that one of his offspring would overthrow him from the throne. Therefore, as soon as Rhea gave birth to a child, he swallowed it. However, his third was saved by his mother, and when he grew up, he rebelled against his father, saving the brothers and sisters he had previously swallowed. Having united with the Cyclops, Hecatoncheires and some Titans, the children of Kronos overthrew their father and his supporters, taking power over the world into their own hands.

At first, Zeus intended to rule everything himself, but the older brothers Poseidon and Hades, whom he saved, also had the right to rule. Then, with the help of lots, the god brothers divided spheres of influence among themselves: Poseidon received the seas and oceans, Hades - the underworld, and Zeus - heaven and earth. Although the sons of Kronos were equal, Zeus was still revered as the supreme deity, although people sometimes rebelled against him.

Even though Zeus was the strongest among the gods, he was not omniscient and omnipotent. Like people, he depended on fate, was its guardian and executor, but not its ruler. Zeus was considered by the Greeks to be the most powerful and noble of the gods. He was usually depicted as a proud, muscular, bearded man. An integral attribute of this deity was lightning, and its symbols were an eagle and an oak tree.

It is generally accepted that Zeus was also previously revered in India under the name Dyaus, and was later “borrowed” by the Greeks. At first, Zeus was considered the god of weather and celestial phenomena and was not at all like a person. However, with the development of mythology, he became more human-like, and typical human character traits, actions, and ancestry began to be attributed to him.

Roman mythology: Jupiter

The cult of the king of gods and people of Ancient Rome, Jupiter, existed among the Latins.

It is believed that it was originally a cult of the Etruscan god Tin. Later it was renamed Jupiter. Unfortunately, practically no information has been preserved about his cult at the dawn of the Roman Empire, but it is reliably known that this deity had no parents. As the empire developed, so did its culture and mythology. Jupiter began to be identified with the Greek Zeus, and by analogy a genealogy was created for him: the father was the god of agriculture Saturn, whom he overthrew, and the mother was the goddess of the harvest, Opa.

Jupiter's range of responsibilities was much wider than that of Zeus. He not only controlled the weather and ruled all creatures in the world, but was also the god of war, granting victory. The Romans believed that they were the “favorites” of Jupiter, so they managed to conquer more and more lands. The cult of Jupiter was incredibly widespread in Rome; temples were built to him and generous sacrifices were made. Also, at the beginning of autumn, grandiose festivals dedicated to this deity were held every year.

After the advent of Christianity in the Roman Empire, the cult of Jupiter, like other gods, was abolished. However, for a long time the Romans secretly revered this deity.

With the advent of the so-called “folk religion,” when Christianity began to adapt pagan beliefs and rituals to itself, Jupiter began to be identified with Elijah the prophet.

Differences between Roman and Greek supreme deities

Roman mythology borrowed a lot from Greek. Jupiter, meanwhile, although identified with Zeus, was different from him.

First of all, he is a more strict and serious god. So, for example, Zeus often liked to shirk his duties, and almost the majority of Greek myths speak about his love affairs. Jupiter, although he was also not averse to having fun with a beautiful goddess or woman, did not devote so much time to this. Instead, Jupiter was caught up in the war. The sphere of influence of the supreme deity included the duties that the Greek gods of war, Pallas Athena and Ares, performed.

If among the Greeks Zeus controlled lightning and thunder, then among the Romans Jupiter was also the deity of both heavenly bodies. In addition, Jupiter was considered the god of the harvest, especially favorable to winegrowers.

Mythology: Jupiter and Venus are the favorite deities of the Romans

If Jupiter was the favorite god of the Romans and their main patron, then Venus was their favorite goddess.

Like most native Roman deities, Venus was at first not a person, but a natural phenomenon - the goddess of the coming spring. However, gradually she turned into the patroness of beauty and love. Venus was the daughter of Celus, the deity of the sky. In Greek mythology, Aphrodite was the daughter of the supreme deity Zeus and the rain goddess Dione.

The Romans considered Venus to be the mother of Aeneas, whose descendants founded Rome. The cult of this goddess acquired particular development during which the goddess was called the ancestor of the Julian family.

Many centuries have passed since the cult of the Roman and Greek gods was abolished. Today, for most, ancient deities and mythology are just an interesting fairy tale. Jupiter, Venus, Mars, Mercury, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus and Pluto are today associated with the planets of the solar system named after them. And at one time they were powerful deities revered by entire nations.

Jupiter Jupiter

(Jupiter). Roman deity corresponding to the Greek Zeus. He is the king of heaven, on whom all celestial phenomena depend, the ruler of the world, who controls the fate of peoples and states. He was considered the main patron of the Roman state; his sanctuary was in the Capitol, and games were held in his honor. His wife, by analogy with the Greek idea of him, was considered Juno.

(Source: “A Brief Dictionary of Mythology and Antiquities.” M. Korsh. St. Petersburg, edition by A. S. Suvorin, 1894.)

JUPITER

(Juppiter, Jovis Pater, from iuvare, “to help”, originally Diovis, “brilliant”, Diespiter, Dispater, “father of the day”, hence his priest - flamen dialis), in Roman mythology the god of the sky, daylight, thunderstorms (his epithets : “lightning fast”, “thundering”, “rainy”), king of the gods, identified with the Greek. Zeus. According to the theory of J. Dumezil, Yu is the Indo-European god of magical royal power in the ancient triad of Yu, Mars, Quirin. According to J. Fraser, Yu is the spirit of oak and trees in general, hence his epithets: frugifer (“fruitful”), fagutal (“beech”), rumin (“fig tree”), vimin (“reed”). In the song of the Salians, his epithet is Lucetius (from lux, “light”), and the days of the full moon - the Ides - were dedicated to him (Macrob. Sat. I 15, 14). Worshiped on hills and in the form of a stone (Yu. Lapis) (Serv. Verg. Aen. VIII 641). Yu's functions were varied, since he combined the features of local Italian gods. He patronized agriculture, the Vinalia festivals of the grape harvest were dedicated to him (Ovid. Fast. IV 683), before sowing a meal (daps) was arranged for him by the farmer, from J. Dapalis, and as such he could be the patron of individual estates, pagi. He was considered the guarantor of fidelity to the oath (Dius Fidius; Aul. Gell. I 21, 4); as Y. Termin - the guardian of borders, as Y. Libertas and Y. Liber - the defender of freedom. Like Feretrius, Stator, Invincible, Victorious, Avenger, he was the god of war and victory, which associated with him the custom of triumph, when the victorious commander in clothes and with the insignia of Yu with his face painted red (like a statue of a god) on a quadriga, accompanied soldiers and citizens went to the Capitol to bring Yu in the temple a grateful sacrifice from the spoils taken in the war and lay their laurel wreath at his feet. The Great Games, later the Roman Games, dedicated to him, were also associated with triumph and victories. As the king of the gods, Yu had with him a council of gods, “cooperating, helping,” and decided all earthly affairs, sending signs of his will to the augurs. The cult of Yu was very ancient, as evidenced by the numerous taboos imposed on the flamen Yu. The importance of the cult of Yu especially increased after the opening of the temple on the Capitol dedicated to Yu, Juno and Minerva. Yu with the epithet “best, greatest” (Optimus, Maximus) becomes the god of the Roman state, its power and might. The cities subordinate to Rome made sacrifices to him on the Capitol and erected temples to the Capitoline triad. Under the empire, Yu became the patron of emperors, which contributed to the spread of his cult in all provinces and among the army. The indigenous supreme heavenly gods were identified with him, and with the spread of eastern cults, the gods of Syria, Asia, etc. As monotheistic tendencies strengthened, Yu was considered not only as the supreme, but as the only god (“everything is full of Yu”), as the soul or the mind of the world, the ether, which generates and receives everything into itself.
E. M. Shtaerman.

(Source: “Myths of the Peoples of the World.”)

Jupiter

The powerful ruler of the sky, the personification of sunlight, thunderstorms, storms, who in anger threw lightning, striking with them those who disobeyed his divine will - such was the supreme ruler of the gods, Jupiter. His abode was on high mountains, from where he looked out over the whole world, the fate of individuals and nations depended on him. Jupiter expressed his will with the peals of thunder, the flash of lightning, the flight of birds (especially the appearance of an eagle dedicated to him); sometimes he sent prophetic dreams in which he revealed the future. The priests of the formidable god, the pontiffs, performed especially solemn ceremonies in those places where lightning struck. This area was fenced off so that no one could walk through it and thus desecrate the sacred place. The earth was carefully collected and buried along with a piece of flint - a symbol of lightning. The priest erected an altar at this place and sacrificed a two-year-old sheep. To Jupiter, the powerful protector who bestows victory and rich military spoils, a grandiose temple was erected on the Capitoline Hill in Rome, where commanders returning from victorious campaigns brought the armor of defeated leaders and the most valuable treasures taken from their enemies. Jupiter simultaneously patronized people and sanctified their relationships. He cruelly punished oathbreakers and violators of the customs of hospitality. In honor of this highest god of all ancient Latium, general festivities were held several times a year - at the beginning of sowing and the end of the harvest, during the grape harvest. The Capitoline and Great Games with equestrian and athletic competitions were held annually in Rome. The most important days of the year - the Ides (1) of each month - were dedicated to the greatest and visionary Jupiter, who controls the destinies of the world and people. The name of Jupiter was mentioned in every significant matter - public or private. They swore by his name, and the oath was considered inviolable, for the quick-to-death and irritable god inexorably punished the wicked. Since the main features of the Italian Jupiter were very similar to the image of the supreme deity of the Greeks, Zeus, with the increasing influence of Greek culture, elements of Greek mythology merged into the Roman religion. And many legends associated with Zeus were transferred to Jupiter. His father began to be called Saturn, the god of crops, who first gave people food and ruled them during the golden age, like the Greek Kronos. Thus, the wife of Saturn, the goddess of the rich harvest Ops, began to be considered the mother of Jupiter, and since when addressing the goddess it was prescribed to touch the earth, her image naturally merged with the image of the goddess Rhea, the wife of Kronos. Especially colorful were the celebrations in honor of Saturn and his wife - Saturnalia, which began on December 17 after the end of the harvest and lasted seven days. During these celebrations, people sought to revive the memory of the golden age of Saturn’s reign, when, in the words of the Roman poet Ovid, “spring stood forever” and “the Earth brought harvests without plowing”, “safely living people tasted sweet peace” (2). And indeed, on the days of Saturnalia, people spent their time in carefree fun, games, dances, and feasts. They gave gifts to their loved ones and even freed slaves from work, seated them at the table and treated them, believing that they were paying tribute to the equality that once existed between people. (1. Days falling in the middle of the month (13th - 15th).) (2. Publius Ovid Naso. Metamorphoses (Transformations).)

(Source: “Legends and Tales of Ancient Rome.”)

Jupiter

The Celts adopted the Roman god Jupiter, including him in their pantheon. He even received the actual Celtic epithet - Jupiter Taranis. Taranis is the Celtic thunder god.

(Source: “Celtic Mythology. Encyclopedia.” Translated from English by S. Golova and A. Golova, Eksmo, 2002.)

JUPITER

in Roman mythology, the king of heaven, the supreme god, ruler of gods and people. One of his nicknames Lucetius (light-brightening) suggests that he was also considered the god of light. Jupiter expressed his will with the peals of thunder, the flash of lightning, and the flight of birds - an eagle or a kite. It was believed that this was a personal message from Jupiter to people, which could be both a warning and a manifestation of the god's benevolence. The pontiffs - the priests of the mighty patron of heaven - fenced off the area where lightning struck with oak branches - the sacred tree of Jupiter - so that no one could walk through it and desecrate the sacred place. The servants of God carefully collected the earth struck by lightning on special bronze scoops. Then they buried it along with a piece of flint - a symbol of lightning. at this place the priest set up an altar, where he slaughtered a black or white sheep as a sacrifice to the Thunderer. The color of the animal was determined depending on the prediction of the chief pontiff. After a lightning strike, he put himself into a trance and learned from Jupiter why the lightning was sent. If, as a warning that God was dissatisfied with something, a black sheep was sacrificed, if lightning was a symbol of favor - a white one. Jupiter strictly monitored how people fulfilled laws and oaths. He cruelly punished oathbreakers and violators of the customs of hospitality.

(Source: “Dictionary of spirits and gods of German-Scandinavian, Egyptian, Greek, Irish, Japanese, Mayan and Aztec mythologies.”)

Marble.
I century n. e.
Leningrad.
Hermitage Museum.

Synonyms:

See what "Jupiter" is in other dictionaries:

- (lat. jupiter). 1) among the Romans the main god is the son of Saturn and Rhea, corresponding to the Greek Zeus. 2) the largest planet in the solar system, with five satellites. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. JUPITER... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Jupiter- Jupiter. Marble. 1st century AD Hermitage Museum. Jupiter. Marble. 1st century AD Hermitage Museum. Jupiter in the myths of the ancient Romans is the god of the sky, daylight, thunderstorms, the king of the gods. Identified with the ancient Greek Zeus. Jupiter patronized agriculture, they were dedicated to him... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary "World History"

1. JUPITER, a; m. [with a capital letter] 1. In ancient Roman mythology: the supreme god, ruler of gods and people (in Greek mythology Zeus). 2. The fifth, largest planet in the solar system, whose orbit is between Mars and Saturn. 2. JUPITER,… … encyclopedic Dictionary

- (astrological sign V) planet, average distance from the Sun 5.2 a. e. (778.3 million km), sidereal period of revolution 11.9 years, rotation period (cloud layer near the equator) approx. 10 h, equivalent diameter approx. 142,800 km, weight 1.90.1027 kg... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

In the myths of the ancient Romans, the god of the sky, daylight, thunderstorms, the king of the gods. Identified with the ancient Greek Zeus. Jupiter patronized agriculture, grape harvest holidays (vinalia) were dedicated to him, and in his honor before sowing they organized... ... Historical Dictionary

Cm … Synonym dictionary

JUPITER, the fifth planet farthest from the Sun and the largest of the so-called major planets. Visible in the sky as one of the brightest stars. In a telescope, Jupiter appears as a yellowish disk, more precisely, an ellipse, which is interrupted by a brownish... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

Jupiter
Statue of Jupiter Tonans. National Prado Museum, IV century AD e.
god of the sky, daylight, thunderstorms, father of the gods, supreme deity of the Romans
Mythology	ancient roman religion
Floor	male
Father	Saturn
Brothers and sisters	Juno
Spouse	Juno
Children	Volcano, Diana, Hercules [d], Bacchus [d], Proserpina, Juventa, Mars, Bellona, Minerva, Apollo [d], Iarbant And Mercury
In other cultures	Zeus, Perun And Thor
Illustrations on Wikimedia Commons

Etymology

Diversity of the god Jupiter

The functions of Jupiter were varied, since he combined the features of several local Italic gods.

Jupiter Tonans ( Iuppiter Tonans) (thundering) sent rain, thunder;
Jupiter Fulgur ( Iuppiter Fulgur) (lightning, shining) sent lightning;
In the Roman state cult, Jupiter was called "Optimus Maximus Soter" ( Optimus Maximus Soter) (“Best, Greatest, Savior”);
Jupiter Victor ( Iuppiter Victor) granted victory;
Jupiter Laciaris ( Iuppiter Latiaris) was the god of the union of Latin tribes;
Before sowing, sacrifices were made (the ritual was called eating - daps) Jupiter Dapalis ( Iuppiter Dapalis), he patronized agriculture, the grape harvest holidays were dedicated to him - vinalia, he was considered the guarantor of fidelity to the oath;
Jupiter Terminus ( Iuppiter Terminus) was the guardian of borders;
Jupiter Libertas ( Iuppiter Libertas) was a defender of freedom;
Jupiter Feretrius ( Iuppiter Feretrius) was the god of war and victory, a custom was associated with him triumph, when the victorious commander went to the Capitol to make a sacrifice to Jupiter in the temple from the booty taken in the war and lay his laurel wreath at the feet of his statue.

Mythological origins

Jupiter. Marble statue from the 1st century.

Jupiter goes back to the concept of the supreme thunder god Dieus, which existed in Indo-European mythology. Thus, in ancient Germanic mythology, Jupiter corresponds to the god Thor. Among a number of Indo-European peoples, the name of the supreme deity is associated with Thursday. In Latin, Thursday is Jovis dies (day of Jupiter, hence the French jeudi, Italian giovedi, Spanish. jueves, cat. dijous, etc.), in German - Donnerstag, in English - Thursday (from the name of Thor or Donner).

Jupiter as the supreme deity

As the supreme god, Jupiter had with him a council of gods and decided all earthly affairs through augurs, sending them signs of his will. Jupiter was the god of the entire Roman state, its power and might. His main temple was located on the Capitoline Hill in the center of Rome, so Jupiter was additionally called Jupiter Capitolinus. This temple was the religious center of the entire state. The cities subordinate to Rome made sacrifices to him on the Capitol and erected temples.

It was believed that it was Jupiter who protected Roman laws and the state, being the heavenly ruler of Rome. During the era of the Roman Empire, Jupiter became the patron of the power of emperors. The most important acts of state life (sacrifices, the oath of new consuls, the first meeting of the Senate of the year) took place in the Capitoline Temple of Jupiter.

The cult of Jupiter was widespread in all Roman provinces and in the army. Many local supreme gods were identified with him in the countries of Syria, Asia Minor, etc. (for example, Jupiter-Taranis among the Celts)

The image of the Temple of Jupiter Capitoline was minted on a denarius from 75 BC. e. under M. Volteius

Jupiter, Latin, Greek Zeus- king of the gods of the Roman pantheon.

Basic information about Jupiter is contained in the article “”; here we will talk only about some of the features of this Roman god. His name is already found in the most ancient Roman sources. Apparently, Jupiter developed from an ancient Latin god, whose name is unknown to us, and from the supreme Etruscan god Tin or Tinia. The parents of Jupiter become known only when the Romans identified him with Zeus: his father is Saturn (Greek Kronos), his mother is Ops (Greek Rhea).

Among the Romans, Jupiter actually occupies another higher position than Zeus among the Greeks; even if we consider them equally omnipotent, Jupiter is a more strict god. Jupiter played a much more important role as the patron of the army and the giver of victory. Of course, the Romans were convinced that of all the cities and states, Jupiter loved Rome most, protected it and supported it in the struggle for world domination. Jupiter's main Roman residence was a magnificent temple on the Capitoline Hill.

Since Jupiter Capitolinus was not only the supreme god of the Roman religion, but also the most powerful patron of the Roman state, the Romans honored him on the occasion of all state and social events. Upon taking office, the consuls (and subsequently the emperors) made magnificent sacrifices to Jupiter with the participation of the Senate and the people. When Rome declared war, the generals cried out to Jupiter for victory. After the victorious end of the war, the commander returned at the head of a triumphal procession to the Capitol, made a thanksgiving sacrifice to Jupiter and decorated his statue with his laurel wreath of the winner. Celebrations in honor of Jupiter took place in mid-September. Initially they lasted one day, but during the Empire they extended over two weeks and consisted of sacrifices, festive processions and circus games. The Ides, that is, the days of the full moon, were dedicated to Jupiter; the eagle was one of the animals; the oak was the tree of the trees. The cult of Jupiter in Rome (as well as the cult of Zeus in Greece) was not only of an official nature, it deeply penetrated all classes and groupings of society, so it continued to exist in various forms even after the introduction of Christianity.

The Temple of Jupiter on the Capitol, also dedicated to Juno and Minerva, surpassed all other Roman temples in its size, splendor and antiquity. Its area in plan was 3,300 square meters; the foundation of the temple, according to legend, was laid by King Tarquinius Priscus (the Ancient), and it was completed under his successor Servius Tullius; Subsequently, the temple was rebuilt several times. After the victory of Christianity, the temple disappeared from the face of the earth, only part of its foundation remained. Little remains of the Temple of Jupiter under the Palatine Hill (near the triumphal arch of Titus), which Romulus allegedly dedicated to Jupiter Stator (i.e., the Stopper) in memory of the fact that Jupiter stopped the flight of the Romans during the battle with the Sabines. And other temples of Jupiter throughout the Roman state were destroyed by time and new religions. But many sculptural and relief images of Jupiter have been preserved, which are stored in museums around the world (in St. Petersburg, in the Hermitage - a marble statue of Jupiter from the 1st century AD).

Jupiter, Juno, Io

In the stories of Roman authors about the religions of other peoples, the name Jupiter is also found. But usually they are not talking about Jupiter himself, but about the supreme god of a particular religion, whom the authors designate by this Latin name. Sometimes many gods of eastern religions merged with Jupiter, for example, Sabazius (Sabasius), the patron god of the Phrygian city of Dolichia, who was identified by the Greeks with, and later merged with the Roman Jupiter (Jupiter-Sabasius of Dolichia). In the first centuries of our era, Roman legions carried such “hybrid cults” throughout Europe; traces of them were preserved in the countries of Eastern Europe.

The name Jupiter is still found in the names of cruisers, vacuum cleaners, cranes, etc., and, more recently, in the names of space rockets. Compared to these creations of human hands, the largest planet in the solar system, named Jupiter, looks more impressive and durable. By analogy with this bright planet, powerful arc lamps used in cinema, photography, and theater began to be called Jupiters.