Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky (pseudonym - Anthony Pogorelsky) (1787-1836) - romantic writer, by birth the illegitimate son of a wealthy Catherine's noble, Count Alexei Kirillovich Razumovsky and Maria Mikhailovna Sobolevskaya (later married to Denisieva). The thorough and versatile education received by Pogorelsky in his father's house was completed at Moscow University, where the young man entered in 1805 and graduated in 1807 with a doctorate in philosophy and verbal sciences. By this time, Pogorelsky's passion for natural sciences, in particular botany, dates back to which three public lectures were published, published in 1808 as a separate book ("How to distinguish animals from plants", "On the purpose and benefits of the Linear system of plants" and "On plants that would be useful to multiply in Russia "). These lectures can be considered as a kind of approach to serious literary works, so clearly shows through in them the orientation towards the narrative techniques of N.M. Karamzin, whose ardent admirer was the young author. They also contain the grain of A. Pogorelsky's hobbies and agriculture, which was largely facilitated by his participation in the management of his father's huge estates. In the possession of A. K. Razumovsky, and after the death of the latter in the inherited estate of Pogoreltsy of the Chernigov province (from the name of this estate, the pseudonym of the writer was formed) passed most of A. Pogorelsky's life.

His literary inclinations manifested themselves from childhood. In the home archives of N.V. Repnin (at the direction of A. Pogorelsky's biographer V. Gordenyu) there was kept a notebook with Alexei's children's composition, presented to his father on his name day. But the talent of the writer was fully revealed much later, already in the 1920s, as he entered the circles of Moscow and St. Petersburg writers. Acquaintance with N. M. Karamzin the prose writer, personal communication with the writer determined the direction of A. Pogorelsky's artistic orientations and the nature of his literary communication. In the first place among them should be put friendship with Vyazemsky, which began in 1807. Somewhat later (apparently, in 1810), Pogorelsky also met V.A.Zhukovsky, who brought him closer to A.I. Turgenev and A.F. Voeikov ... These new acquaintances, as well as Pogorelsky's inherent tendency to joke and hoax, seemed to secure him far from the last place in "Arzamas" the good of the fatherland. The efforts and talents of the young Pogorelsky turned out to be primarily aimed at bureaucratic service, and his father's extensive connections and increasing weight in government circles opened up wide opportunities for him for rapid career advancement. Already in January 1808 we find him in St. Petersburg, where he entered the 6th department of the Senate with the rank of collegiate registrar. Attached to P. A. Obrezkov, he participates in a six-month official trip to the central provinces of Russia with the aim of revising them, closely observes the life of remote provinces, gets acquainted with the way of life of the Kazan and Perm provinces.

Returning to Moscow in 1810, Pogorelsky for two years served as an executor in one of the departments of the 6th department and joined the Moscow cultural life. He became a member of a number of scientific and literary societies ("Society of Nature Lovers", "Society of Russian History and Antiquities", "Society of Lovers of Russian Literature"). Pogorelsky tries to add some variety to the prim and monotonous activity of the last of them, offering his humorous poems ("Abdul-Vizier") to the chairman of the Society, A. Prokopovich-Antonsky, for public readings. At the beginning of 1812 Pogorelsky was again in St. Petersburg as secretary to the Minister of Finance, but did not stay in this position for long. With the beginning of the events of the Patriotic War of 1812, he dramatically changed his life. Fascinated by the general patriotic impulse, the young man, against the will of his father, enters the military service: in the rank of head captain, he was enlisted in the 3rd Ukrainian Cossack regiment, in which he carried out the most difficult military campaign in the fall of 1812, took part in partisan actions and in the main battles of 1813 (near Leipzig and at Kulm). Distinguished by courage and ardent patriotic attitude, Pogorelsky went the typical battle path for the advanced Russian officers, liberated his homeland and Europe from the invasion of Napoleonic hordes, shared the hardships of military service with his comrades, fought with enemies, lived in poverty, won. After the capture of Leipzig, he was noticed by N. G. Repnin (Governor-General of the Kingdom of Saxony) and appointed senior adjutant to him. In May 1814, Pogorelsky was transferred to the Ulansky Life Guards Regiment, stationed in Dresden. Pogorelsky stayed here for about two years, during which he was able to become closely acquainted with the work of E. T. A. Hoffman, who had a very significant influence on him. Pogorelsky was one of the first in Russia to use the traditions of the remarkable German romantic in his stories.

In 1816, Pogorelsky retired and returned to St. Petersburg in order to continue his civil service, this time as an official for special assignments in the Department of Spiritual Affairs of Foreign Religions. Here the circle of literary acquaintances of the future writer expands considerably; he communicates with N.I. Grech, Arzamas, and also with A.S. Pushkin, who settled in St. Petersburg after graduating from the Lyceum. It was in the first post-war years that Pogorelsky tried his hand at poetry (a translation of one of Horace's odes was published in Grech's journal "Son of the Fatherland" (1820, Ch. 65), participates in literary polemics, defending the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" from attacks conservatively minded criticism (in particular, A.F. literature experience of fantastic storytelling of a romantic type.Published in A.F. Voeikov's journal Novosti literatury in 1825, it seemed so unusual that it caused a special explanation of the editor - the so-called "Decoupling", in which a rationalistic explanation of fantastic motives was given and of images of Pogorelsky's story, an ironic polemic with Voeikov, who did not take on the innovative features of the romantic story "Lafertovskaya Poppy" , Pogorelsky introduced into his collection "The Double, or My Evenings in Little Russia" (1828), which also included "Lafertovskaya poppy seed": "... who certainly wants to know the denouement of my story," the author wrote in "The Double," let him read "Literary News" 1825 r. There he will find a denouement, composed by the venerable publisher of Invalid, which I did not tell you for that, that I do not want to appropriate someone else's property. Immediately after the appearance in the press of Lafertovskaya poppyny, Pushkin met her, writing to his brother from Mikhailovsky on March 27, 1825: “My soul, what a lovely grandmother's cat! I reread the whole story twice and in one breath, now I only rave about Three (in the background) Fal (aleich) Murlykin. I step out smoothly, closing my eyes, turning my head and arching my back. Pogorelsky is Perovsky, isn't it? "

This is how Perovsky's (Pogorelsky's) literary debut took place, and from that moment on this new literary name gained fame and wide recognition. An even greater success fell to the lot of Pogorelsky's The Double: The Prussian Invalid (1828, part 83) responded sympathetically to the book, noting that “not many stories are so entertaining, so witty. Not many are told and associated with such art. " The Northern Bee wrote: “The author skillfully took advantage of various beliefs, dark rumors and superstitious stories about unrealizable incidents and conveyed them to us even more skillfully, being able to arouse curiosity and maintain it until the very end” (Str. 1828, no. 38). The children's fantastic story "Black Hen" (St. Petersburg, 1829) belongs to 1829, and some magazines, for example, "Moscow Telegraph" (1829. Part XXV. No. 2), published their approval. And now you can be as surprised as you like that he spoke so clearly and wisely about the almost elusive movements of the soul of an immature person.

Since 1830, the writer has been actively collaborating in Literaturnaya Gazeta, where the first part of Pogorelsky's most significant work, the Monastyrka novel, was published, which was then published in two parts in St. Petersburg and caused a lively controversy in magazines. “This novel,” noted in The Russian Invalid, “is an extraordinary, pleasant phenomenon in our literature. He is rich in entertaining incidents and vividly outlined characters, and therefore he is alive and curious ”(1830, no. 17). The reviewer of the Moscow Telegraph saw in the Monastyrka only “a pleasant description of family pictures”, “a story of a good friend about kind people who sometimes encountered troubles” (1830. Part XXXII. No. 5). "Monastyrka" was called "The real and first novel of manners in our country" in the Literaturnaya Gazeta, which actively supported Pogorelsky (1830).

Since 1826, Pogorelsky has lived in St. Petersburg again and for a long time, holding a number of prominent positions and being on the Commission for the Organization of Educational Institutions. He still spends the summer months in Pogoreltsy. In the spring of 1827, the writer went on a trip abroad, which lasted about a year. The service activity of Pogorelsky, which proceeded very successfully, did not bring satisfaction in the conditions of the growing public reaction and ended with his resignation in 1830. The writer spends the last years of his life in Pogoreltsy, visiting, however, Moscow. He devotes all his time to literary work, as well as the upbringing of his nephew (the son of the writer's sister, Countess A. Tolstoy), the future famous poet, prose writer and playwright A. K. Tolstoy.

The originality of his writing style was appreciated by the writers of the Pushkin circle, who contributed to the success of his works among contemporaries.

On July 21, 1836, in Warsaw, on the way to Nice, where he was heading for tuberculosis treatment, Pogorelsky died.

The romantic writer who stood at the origins of the fantastic genre of Russian literature is the famous Anthony Pogorelsky. A biography collected from numerous sources tells a lot of interesting facts about this famous person. His real name was Alexey Perovsky. And the pseudonym was formed from the name of the estate of the father of the writer Pogoreltsy, located in the Chernihiv region.

Anthony Pogorelsky. Biography for children and adults

By birth, Alexei was an illegitimate descendant of the very rich and influential Count Razumovsky. And the mother of the baby was Maria Mikhailovna Sobolevskaya, who later became Denisieva, taking her husband's surname. This connection became so strong that it lasted almost until the death of the count.

In addition to legitimate children from his wife, Razumovsky had ten more from Maria Mikhailovna. In the eighteen hundredth the emperor bestowed titles of nobility on all of the count's illegitimate children. They received the surname Perovski - from the name of the Perovo estate.

Childhood years and influential dating

The writer's childhood was spent in the Razumovsky family estate in Ukraine, where he received an excellent education at home. Already in those years, many observed his enormous craving for creativity, writing essays. This was largely influenced by his acquaintance with such famous Russian writers as Turgenev, Karamzin, Zhukovsky.

Unfortunately, the biography of Anthony Pogorelsky briefly tells only about the general features of this brilliant and comprehensively developed person. With his beautiful appearance and slightly noticeable limp, he resembled Byron. He was a wonderful friend of Pushkin and Vyazemsky, and also held the position of an influential dignitary.

Further training and personality formation

After the future writer is awarded the title of nobility, he immediately gets the opportunity to continue his studies in higher institutions and in August one thousand eight hundred and five he enters the university. And after a couple of years he graduates and receives a Ph.D.

In the same period, the first literary experience of young Alexei appears. In one thousand eight hundred and seventh, he began to translate the creation of Karamzin "Poor Liza" into German. Then the future writer Anthony Pogorelsky directs all his skills and knowledge to bureaucratic service. First of all, thanks to his father, whose connections and position made it possible for Alexei to achieve excellent prospects.

Recognition in public circles or connections of Razumovsky

After completing his education, Perovsky goes to St. Petersburg. There, in January one thousand eight hundred and eight he receives a very high position in the department. The young man's father at that time was already becoming the Minister of Education.

But Alexey Alekseevich does not want to remain in the service and use the authoritative connections of his family. In one thousand eight hundred and ninth, he leaves the gay capital and goes to the Russian province. Pictures of provincial life gave the future writer great food for thought.

When he returns from this trip to St. Petersburg, he realizes that Moscow attracts him like a magnet. And in November one thousand eight hundred and tenth Anthony Pogorelsky, whose biography is so far connected only with the bureaucratic service, moved to his favorite places and took the post of executor in the department of the department.

The first steps in creativity and the search for your own "I"

At the same time, Aleksey Alekseevich has the first poems in which there is a tradition of humorous poem. But not only gaiety distinguishes Perovsky. He has a very sharp and perceptive mind, which helps him to observe everything that happens around him and to decide on the choice of a future life position.

At some point, Aleksey Perovsky is even going to become a member of the Masonic lodge, but he meets unexpected and categorical resistance from his father, who himself was a rather influential Freemason. The young man continues to work in the public field, but not finding satisfaction, in January one thousand eight hundred and twelve he returns to St. Petersburg.

This time he took over as secretary to the Minister of Finance. But he did not have the opportunity to serve too long in this place. The reason for this was the invasion of Napoleonic troops.

Participation in hostilities

In July, carried away by a patriotic impulse, in spite of his father, who even promised to deprive him not only of his content, but also of his inheritance, the head captain Anthony Pogorelsky appears in the Ukrainian Cossack regiment. The biography of the writer tells about the numerous battles in which he took part.

The military service of Aleksey Alekseevich lasted until one thousand eight hundred and sixteen. He went through a very difficult combat path of an ordinary officer. He defended his homeland from the invasion of Napoleonic troops, fought, won and lived in poverty. He perfectly established himself as a valiant and courageous person.

Petersburg again or the resumption of service and creativity

After the end of the war, Alexei Perovsky comes to St. Petersburg and receives the position of an official on special assignments, and works under the leadership of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. Here he renews his literary connections. He meets Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin and tries himself again in art.

But now he writes several more serious works. and "Friend of my youth". Unfortunately, these creations do not provide sufficient opportunity for any evaluations, but, nevertheless, they are written quite talentedly.

Alexei Perovsky gains first fame when writing articles where he advocates for the work of Alexander Pushkin. It was in these essays that many noticed his sharp judgments and the accuracy of his statements. All critical performances were highly appreciated, and became a member of the "Free Society".

and the resignation of Alexei

Count Razumovsky dies in 1822. Now Anthony Pogorelsky, whose biography was so closely connected with the career of an official, resigns and settles in the family estate. It was here that he began to write his famous works. One of them is "Lafertovskaya poppy seed", which has already been signed by a pseudonym known today.

These works represent the unusual nature of fiction, borrowed from folk tales and whose creativity at the beginning of the nineteenth century was carried away by almost all of Russia. Then Pogorelsky writes a few more works, but nevertheless he still does not have wide reader success.

Underground inhabitants of Pogorelsky

But then Anthony Pogorelsky appears, whose "Underground inhabitants" interested not only the younger audience, but also the older generation. And all this thanks to a fairy tale that he wrote for his little nephew, who later became the great writer Alexei Tolstoy. It is called or Underground inhabitants. "

This work is written in the genre of a fairy tale. It is charming and surprising in its immediate instructiveness and naivety of meaning. It reveals the inner world of a child very plausibly, there is an unobtrusive note of morality and a significant amount of humor and magic fiction. The fairy tales of Anthony Pogorelsky acquire a special and unique character, thanks to which they are difficult to compare with any other creations.

In one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, Aleksei Alekseevich's chronic disease - tuberculosis, which was still incurable at that time - became aggravated, and he was sent for treatment to Nice. But, unfortunately, he does not have time to get there. On July 9, the writer died in Warsaw.

So the rich, full of interesting and even heroic events passed the life of the descendant of Count Razumovsky and the biography of Anthony Pogorelsky appeared. Briefly speaking about the works of this writer, it is necessary to note his special ability to capaciously and wisely describe the elusive movements of a child's soul. It is thanks to this that he became so famous and popular among young readers.

Anthony Pogorelsky - a pseudonym; real name - Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky; Russian Empire, Moscow; 1787 - 06/21/1836

Anthony Pogorelsky is one of the classics of Russian literature. First of all, he is known for the fairy tale "The Black Hen or Underground inhabitants", which became one of the first works in our country about childhood. Due to the fact that this tale of Pogorelsky should be read in accordance with the school curriculum, she became widely known. But other books and poems of Pogorelsky deserve close attention.

Biography of Anthony Pogorelsky

Anthony Pogorelsky or Aleksey Alekseevich Perovsky was born in 1787 in Moscow. He was the illegitimate son of Alexei Razumovsky, the Minister of Education of the Russian Empire and the son of the last hetman of the Zaporozhye Army. Alexei spent his childhood in the Rozumovsky estate, where he received an excellent education at home. In 1805 he entered Moscow University, where two years later he received a doctorate in philosophy and verbal sciences.

The first book by Anthony Pogorelsky was, which he translated into German while still studying at the university. After graduation, three books by Pogorelsky on botany were published. And in the same 1808 he entered the service in the 6th department of the Senate. In 1812, against the wishes of his father, he went to serve in the army, where he took part in a considerable number of battles as part of the 3rd Ukrainian Cossack Regiment. He retired in 1816.

After Aleksey Perovsky left the army, he settled in St. Petersburg, where he became one of the members of the "Arzamas" circle. At that time, it included and. By the way, it was Perovsky who put a lot of effort fighting off the attacks of his contemporaries on. After the birth of his nephew Alexei Tolstoy in 1817, he devoted a lot of time to his education. In 1822, after the death of his father, together with his nephew and his sister, he moved to an estate in the Chernigov province. It was here, in 1822, that he wrote his first story under the pseudonym Anthony Pogorelsky. Prior to that, his works were published under various other pseudonyms ranging from "ъ" to "Pogorelsky". The story was called "The Double or My Evenings in Little Russia." It consisted of four short stories, united by a common meaning. By the way, it was the "Double" as I think many became a model for writing.

Well, in 1829, it became possible to read the tale of Anthony Pogorelsky "The Black Hen or Underground inhabitants". He wrote this tale for his beloved nephew with whom he traveled a lot around Europe. After that, there were several more books by Anthony Pogorelsky, which were quite favorably received by the public, but now they are practically forgotten. The writer died in 1833 on the way to Nice from tuberculosis.

Books by Anthony Pogorelsky on the site Top books

Due to the fact that the tale of Anthony Pogorelsky is so popular to read, it got into our rating. In addition, the presence of a fairy tale in the school curriculum ensured such popularity for her that this work of Anthony Pogorelsky is presented in the ranking. And given all these parameters, Pogorelsky's tale is presented in our ratings not for the last time.

Anthony Pogorelsky list of books

Double, or My evenings in Little Russia
Magnetizer
Monastyrka
Visitor magic

Alexei Alekseevich Perovsky (pseudonym - Anthony Pogorelsky) is a romantic writer, by birth the illegitimate son of a rich Catherine's nobleman, Count Alexei Kirillovich Razumovsky and Maria Mikhailovna Sobolevskaya (later married to Denisieva). The thorough and versatile education received by Pogorelsky in his father's house was completed at Moscow University, where the young man entered in 1805 and graduated in 1807 with a doctorate in philosophy and verbal sciences. By this time, Pogorelsky's passion for natural sciences, in particular botany, which resulted in three public lectures published in 1808 as a separate book ("How to distinguish animals from plants", "On the purpose and benefits of the Linear system of plants" and "On plants , which would be useful to multiply in Russia "). These lectures can be considered as a kind of approach to serious literary works, so clearly shows through in them the orientation towards the narrative techniques of N.M. Karamzin, whose ardent admirer was the young author. In the possession of A. K. Razumovsky, and after the death of the latter in the inherited estate of Pogoreltsy of the Chernigov province (from the name of this estate, the pseudonym of the writer was formed) passed most of A. Pogorelsky's life.

His literary inclinations manifested themselves from childhood. In the home archive of N.V. Repnin (at the direction of A. Pogorelsky's biographer V. Gordenyu) there was a notebook with Alexei's children's composition, presented to his father on his name day. But the talent of the writer was fully revealed much later, already in the 1920s, as he entered the circles of Moscow and St. Petersburg writers. Acquaintance with NM Karamzin the prose writer, personal communication with the writer determined the direction of A. Pogorelsky's artistic orientations and the nature of his literary communication. In the first place among them should be put friendship with P.A.Vyazemsky, which began in 1807. Somewhat later (apparently, in 1810), Pogorelsky also met V.A.Zhukovsky, who brought him closer to A.I. Turgenev and A. F. Voeikov. These new acquaintances, as well as Pogorelsky's inherent tendency to joke and hoax, seemed to provide him with far from the last place in Arzamas, but Pogorelsky did not become an Arzamas, because he saw the main meaning of his life not in literature, but in active state activities for the good of the fatherland. ... Already in January 1808 we find him in St. Petersburg, where he entered the 6th department of the Senate with the rank of collegiate registrar. Attached to P. A. Obrezkov, he participates in a six-month official trip to the central provinces of Russia with the aim of revising them, closely observes the life of remote provinces, gets acquainted with the way of life of the Kazan and Perm provinces.

Returning to Moscow in 1810, Pogorelsky for two years served as an executor in one of the departments of the 6th department and joined the Moscow cultural life. He became a member of a number of scientific and literary societies (Society of Nature Lovers, Society of Russian History and Antiquities, Society of Lovers of Russian Literature). Pogorelsky is trying to add some variety to the prim and monotonous activity of the last of them, offering his humorous poems ("Abdul the Vizier") to the chairman of the Society, AA Prokopovich-Antonsky, for public readings. At the beginning of 1812 Pogorelsky was again in St. Petersburg as secretary to the Minister of Finance, but did not stay in this position for long. With the beginning of the events of the Patriotic War of 1812, he dramatically changed his life. Fascinated by the general patriotic impulse, the young man, against the will of his father, enters the military service: in the rank of head captain, he was enlisted in the 3rd Ukrainian Cossack regiment, in which he carried out the most difficult military campaign in the fall of 1812, took part in partisan actions and in the main battles of 1813 (near Leipzig and at Kulm). Distinguished by courage and ardent patriotic attitude, Pogorelsky went the typical battle path for the advanced Russian officers, liberated his homeland and Europe from the invasion of Napoleonic hordes, shared the hardships of military service with his comrades, fought with enemies, lived in poverty, won.

After the capture of Leipzig, he was noticed by N. G. Repnin (Governor-General of the Kingdom of Saxony) and appointed senior adjutant to him. In May 1814, Pogorelsky was transferred to the Ulansky Life Guards Regiment, stationed in Dresden. Pogorelsky stayed here for about two years, during which he was able to become closely acquainted with the work of E. T. A. Hoffmann, who had a very significant influence on him. Pogorelsky was one of the first in Russia to use the traditions of the remarkable German romantic in his stories.

In 1816, Pogorelsky retired and returned to St. Petersburg in order to continue his civil service, this time as an official for special assignments in the Department of Spiritual Affairs of Foreign Religions. Here the circle of literary acquaintances of the future writer expands considerably; he communicates with N.I. Grech, residents of Arzamas, and also with A.S. Pushkin, who settled in St. Petersburg after graduating from the Lyceum. It was in the first post-war years that Pogorelsky tried his hand at poetry (a translation of one of Horace's odes was published in Grech's journal "Son of the Fatherland" (1820, Ch. 65), participates in literary polemics, defending the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" from attacks conservatively minded criticism (in particular, A. F. Voeikov). The service, which took a lot of energy from Pogorelsky, allowed him to leave Petersburg and live for a long time in Pogoreltsy, with which the work of the writer on the novel Lafertovskaya poppynitsa, which was the first in Russian literature experience of fantastic storytelling of a romantic type.Published in A.F. Voeikov's journal Novosti literatury in 1825, it seemed so unusual that it caused a special explanation from the editor - the so-called "Decoupling", in which a rationalistic explanation of fantastic motives was given and images of the story of Pogorelsky. An ironic polemic with Voeikov, who did not accept the innovative features of the romantic story "Lafertovskaya Makovn Itsa ", Pogorelsky introduced into his collection" The Double, or My Evenings in Little Russia "(1828), which also included the" Lafertovskaya Poppy ":" ... who certainly wants to know the denouement of my story, "the author wrote in" The Double ", - let him read the "Literary News" 1825 r. There he will find a denouement, composed by the venerable publisher of Invalida, which I didn’t tell you for that, that I don’t want to appropriate someone else’s property. ”Immediately after the appearance of Lafertovskaya poppy seed in print, Pushkin met her, writing to his brother from Mikhailovsky on 27 March 1825 Mr. "My soul, what a lovely grandmother's cat!" I reread the whole story twice and in one breath, now I only rave about Three (in the background) Fal (aleich) Murlykin. I step out smoothly, closing my eyes, turning my head and arching my back. Pogorelsky is Perovsky, isn't he? "

This is how Perovsky's (Pogorelsky's) literary debut took place, and from that moment on this new literary name gained fame and wide recognition. An even greater success fell to the lot of Pogorelsky's The Double: The Prussian Invalid (1828, part 83) responded sympathetically to the book, noting that "not many stories are so entertaining, so witty. Not many are told and associated with such art." The Northern Bee wrote: “The author skillfully took advantage of various beliefs, dark rumors and superstitious stories about unrealizable incidents and conveyed them to us even more skillfully, being able to arouse curiosity and maintain it until the very end” (Str. 1828, no. 38). The children's fantastic story "Black Hen" (St. Petersburg, 1829) belongs to 1829, which was approved by some magazines, for example, "Moscow Telegraph" (1829. Part XXV. No. 2).

Since 1830, the writer has been actively collaborating in Literaturnaya Gazeta, where the first part of Pogorelsky's most significant work, the Monastyrka novel, was published, which was then published in two parts in St. Petersburg and caused lively controversy in magazines. "This novel, - noted in" Russian invalid ", - is an extraordinary, pleasant phenomenon in our literature. It is rich in entertaining incidents and vividly depicted characters, and therefore is alive and curious" (1830, No 17). The reviewer of the Moscow Telegraph saw in the Monastyrka only "a pleasant description of family pictures", "a story of a good friend about kind people who sometimes encountered troubles" (1830. Part XXXII. No. 5). The "Monastyrka" was called "The real and our first novel of manners" in the Literaturnaya Gazeta, which actively supported Pogorelsky (1830).

Not long before the death of Pogorelsky, Pushkin visited his Moscow apartment, vividly describing this meeting in a letter to his wife: “I was at Perovsky's, who showed me the unfinished paintings of Bryulov. Bryulov, who was in his captivity, ran away from him and quarreled with him. Perovsky showed me the capture of Rome by Genseric (which is worth the last (of his) day of Pomp (ei)), saying: "Note how beautifully this scoundrel painted this horseman, such a swindler" (Pushkin. T. XVI. P. 115). , drawn by Pushkin, subtly noticed the humor of Pogorelsky, which colored many of his works.The originality of his writing style was appreciated by the writers of the Pushkin circle, who contributed to the success of his works among contemporaries.

On July 21, 1836, in Warsaw, on the way to Nice, where he was heading for tuberculosis treatment, Pogorelsky died.

(real name - Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky)
1787 - 21.07.1836, Warsaw

The village of Perovo near Moscow and the village of Pogoreltsy, Sosnitsky district, Chernigov province, like many other lands with fifty-three thousand serfs, at one time belonged to Count Alexei Kirillovich Razumovsky - the grandson of the registered Cossack Grigory Rozum, the son of the last Ukrainian hetman, the son of the last Ukrainian hetman freemason. The surname "Perovskie" was given to the illegitimate children of Count Razumovsky and Maria Mikhailovna Sobolevskaya, who later achieved the title of nobility for them.
Being in the house of their father in the position of pupils, the Perovskys received an excellent education. There is evidence that Count Alexei Kirillovich was especially fond of the eldest - Alexei.
In August 1805, Alexei entered Moscow University and graduated from it in October 1807 with a doctorate in philosophy and verbal sciences. In the same 1807, he made his literary debut: he translated into German the story "Poor Liza" by NM Karamzin and published his translation with a dedication to his father.
For two years he led the life of a diligent official: he served in the Senate, traveled with audits to the Russian provinces, and then, settling in Moscow, became a good friend of V.A. Zhukovsky, P.A. Vyazemsky, V.L. Pushkin and to other writers of the "friendly artel" and one of the founders of the "Society of Lovers of Russian Literature". As for his own achievements in this field, several poems in the "amphiguri" genre are known, recorded in the album of S.A. Neelov. For example:

Minister Pete
Sitting in the corner
And plays on the dial tone.
But pop comes in
And, taking off the cloak,
Squats politely.
Voltaire is an old man,
Taking off your wig
Beats eggs in it,
And Jean Racine,
Like a good son
Sobbing with pity.

("Amfiguri", by definition, is literary nonsense.)

Then the young Perovsky wished to join the Masonic lodge, but was refused: "It is too early for Aleksey Alekseevich to deal with our conversations, but he needs to look ahead to the world with its beauties."
During the Patriotic War of 1812, the head captain of the Third Ukrainian Regiment, Oleksiy Perovskiy, took part in the battles of Tarutin, Losets, Dresden and Kulm, and then remained for some time in Dresden as an adjutant to the governor-general of Saxony N.G. Repnin-Volkonsky.
He returned to St. Petersburg in 1816 and changed his military uniform to an official - court councilor. However, soon circumstances turned out to be such that a sister with a one and a half month old nephew, whom he took to his hereditary Little Russian estate, Pogoreltsy, was in his care.
Here, doing gardening, supplying ship timber to the Nikolaev shipyards, the duties of the trustee of the Kharkov educational district and - most of all - the upbringing of Alyosha's nephew, Perovsky composed the first fantastic stories in Russia.
First, in 1825, in the Petersburg magazine Novosti literatury, he published - under the pseudonym Anthony Pogorelsky - Lafertovskaya poppynitsa. It is known that she completely charmed A.S. Pushkin, so that he read it "twice and in one breath." All four novellas (except for Lafertovskaya Makovnitsa - Isidor and Anyuta, The Pernicious Consequences of Unbridled Imagination, Journey in a Stagecoach) were published three years later in the form of the book The Double, or My Evenings in Little Russia. This followed the "Double" was followed by "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka" by NV Gogol, "Evenings on Khopr" by MN Zagoskin and "Russian Nights" by VF Odoevsky.
Finally, it's time to talk about the "Black Chicken". Aleksey Alekseevich Perovsky invented and wrote down the magic story "The Black Hen, or Underground People" for his nephew when Alyosha (nephew) was no more than nine or ten years old, like Alyosha, the hero of the tale. Of course, this is a didactic - to put it simply, instructive - fairy tale. But its content is not at all limited to reasoning that only what is obtained by labor is reliable, that it is not good to betray comrades, and that it is terrible to commit irreparable deeds. First, Pogorelsky happily invented one of the most elegant literary subjects. Secondly, now you can be as surprised as you like that he spoke so clearly and wisely about the almost elusive movements of the soul of an immature person: at that time, before the appearance of Leo Tolstoy's "Childhood", there were still twenty-six years left, G. Garin-Mikhailovsky - sixty-six, and "Childhood Luvers" by BL Pasternak - ninety-six.
If "The Double" is a collection of the first Russian science fiction stories, and "The Black Hen" is the first Russian author's fairy tale in prose for children, then "Monastyrka", according to P.A. Vyazemsky, "is a real and, probably, our first novel of mores ". In the early thirties of the XIX century "Monastyrka" brought Pogorelsky literary glory, which was not given to him by previous books.
But, apart from the above, and even the novella "Visitor of Magic", allegedly translated from English, not a single finished work of Anthony Pogorelsky is known. True, the writer's archive has sunk into oblivion. And How?! The manager in Pogoreltsy was a great gourmet; he used up all of Perovsky's papers for making "cutlets in papillots."
In the summer of 1836, A.A. Perovsky went to Nice for the treatment of "chest disease" and, on the way there, died in Warsaw. With him were his sister Anna and nephew Alexei.
Perovsky's nephew, having matured, himself became a wonderful and famous writer. This is Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy.

Svetlana Malaya

WORKS OF A. POGORELSKY

FAVORITES. - M .: Sov. Russia, 1985 .-- 432 p.
Contents: Double, or My Evenings in Little Russia; Monastery; Visitor magic; Magnetizer; Poems; Articles; Letters.

FAVORITES: Prose; Poems. - M .: Pravda, 1988 .-- 399 p.
Contents: Double, or My Evenings in Little Russia; Black Hen, or Underground inhabitants; Monastery; Visitor magic; Magnetizer; Poems.
"TWIN, or MY EVENINGS IN MALORUSSIA".
One fine summer evening, the bored landowner of the village of P *** was visited by none other than his double, and after the first conversation about this and that, he suggested that in the evenings they continue to tell each other different stories.

Among these stories "LAFERTOVSKAYA MAKOVNITSA" is especially notable.
In the Lafertovskaya (that is, Lefortovo) part of Moscow, this old woman was nicknamed Makovnitsa, since her trade consisted of selling poppy cakes. But the neighbors called her a witch and a witch behind her back; True, they bowed low to her eyes and called her a grandmother.
"BLACK CHICKEN, or UNDERGROUND RESIDENTS. A magic story for children".
Once on Christmas the boy Alyosha saved the chicken Chernushka from the cook's knife, and she suddenly turned out to be the minister of the underground kingdom. As a reward for his service, Alyosha received from the little king a hemp seed, which he wrapped in a piece of paper and put in his pocket ...
"MONASTERY".
This, as one literary critic said more than a century ago, is the story of twenty-year-old Anyuta, "her youth, her love for a handsome neighbor, a brilliant officer, persecution she experienced from an evil guardian, an escape from the house of unkind people and a blissful meeting with her Vladimir."

Other editions of A. Pogorelsky's works:

MAGIC TALES / Fig. B.A. Dekhtereva. - M .: Det. Lit., 1992 .-- 125 p.: Ill.
Contents: Lafertovskaya Makovnitsa; Black hen, or Underground inhabitants.
DOUBLE, or MY EVENINGS IN MALORUSSIA. - M .: Kniga, 1987 .-- 363 p .: ill.
Miniature edition.
BLACK CHICKEN, or UNDERGROUND RESIDENTS / Fig. N. Golts. - M .: Rus. book., 1992. - 56 p .: ill.

Svetlana Malaya

LITERATURE ABOUT THE LIFE AND WORK OF A. POGORELSKY

Stafeev G.I. In the Fatherland, flames and words: (A.A. Perovsky and A.K. Tolstoy in the Red Horn): Lit.-ethnographer. essays. - Tula: Priok. book publishing house, 1983. - 188 p .: ill.
Tikhomirov B.N. Pogorelsky, Anthony // Russian writers XI - early XX century. - M .: Education, 1995.S. 326-330.
Shelaeva A.A. Anthony Pogorelsky and his works // Pogorelsky A. Selected works. - M .: Pravda, 1988.S. 373-389.

SCREENING OF THE WORKS OF A. POGORELSKY

- FEATURE FILM -

Black hen, or Underground inhabitants. Scenes T. Zulfikarova. Dir. V.Gres. Comp. O. Karavaichuk. USSR, 1980. Cast: V. Sidletsky, A. Livanov, V. Gaft, E. Evstigneev, L. Kadochnikova, A. Filozov, V. Kashpur and others.

- CARTOONS -

Lafertovskaya poppy-bowl. Belarusfilm, 1986. Black chicken (puppet). Dir. Yu. Trofimov. Comp. A. Rybnikov. USSR, 1975. The roles are voiced by: Z. Gerdt, K. Rumyanova and others.