In a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, as well as in a complex sentence with composition and subordination, two conjunctions (or allied words) may appear side by side: two subordinating conjunctions (or a subordinating conjunction and an allied word), a coordinating and subordinating conjunction (or a coordinating conjunction and an allied word ). Coordinating conjunctions are separated or not separated by a comma depending on contextual conditions.
A comma is placed at the junction of conjunctions if the “removal” of the internal subordinate clause does not violate the structure of the sentence: But it was impossible to stand in this swamp for a long time, because when in the first frost it was covered with a layer of ice, the water under the ice dropped, and so the empty ice formed (cf.: ... it was impossible to stand for a long time, because the water under the ice dropped...); In everything that fills the room, you can feel something long outdated, some kind of dry decay, all things exude that strange smell that flowers dried by time give off. so much so that when you touch them they crumble into gray dust(cf.: ...dried by time until they crumble...). The same with a combination of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions: The dog stopped, and while she stood, the man saw how a ray of sunlight caressed the entire clearing (cf.: ... the dog stopped, and the man saw...); In order not to fall down, I grab the horse's mane and when it’s no longer scary to look down, I see how Veter Ivanovich is walking somewhere to the side (cf.: ... I grab the horse’s mane and see ...).
If the “removal” of the subordinate clause destroys the structure of the sentence, then a comma is not placed at the junction of conjunctions. This happens when the subordinating conjunction has a correlate in the main part of the sentence That : I thought that if change does not happen at this hour, then the judge of the ducks should not shoot this morning - impossible “I thought that... the judge of the ducks should not shoot”; in this sentence, the conjunction that attaches the entire following complex sentence (if...then) A comma is not placed even if before the subordinating conjunction or conjunctive word there is also a connecting conjunction yes and: It is very, very possible that she even I would not have married him for anything if I had learned more details about him in a timely manner. But it happened in another province: and what could a sixteen-year-old girl understand?.
At the beginning of a sentence, the coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, as a rule, are not separated by a comma (the coordinating conjunction here has an adjunctive meaning): Denis died. And when I left, His old woman brought me a goose. Neither a subordinating conjunction nor a conjunctive word are separated by a comma at the beginning of a sentence if they begin a parceled subordinate clause, which in this case acquires an adjunctive meaning: And forgive, and forever, forever... Because where can they meet now?
A comma cannot be placed between two conjunctions even with special authorial interpretation, when, for example, the author attributes a coordinating conjunction to a subordinate clause (the structure of the sentence allows for the separation of a coordinating conjunction and a subordinating one). For example: Until October he somehow lived in the forest, but when the autumn rains began, and then the cold- with a new and unexpected force, a longing for his children, for his native farm awoke in him - here, but when it is perceived undifferentiated, since after the subordinate clause there is a dash, sharply delimiting the subordinate and main parts (cf.: Until October, he somehow lived in the forest , but when the autumn rains began, and then the cold, with new and unexpected strength...).
A combination of conjunctions can form one complex conjunction, then, naturally, its parts are not separated by a comma: It was very similar to how if there was a car walking in the distance.
Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses.
1. A comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses not connected by conjunctions: It seemed to me , that my father looks at me mockingly and incredulously , that I'm still a child for him; Who does not feel confident in their abilities, who lacks determination , let him stay in his current place better.
If after homogeneous subordinate clauses there is a generalizing word with a preceding introductory word or phrase ( in a word, in one word etc.), then a comma and a dash are placed before the last one, and a comma after it: During one of the crossings we talked about private affairs, who was from where, what they did, what environment they grew up in , - in a word, on endless topics.
2. If homogeneous subordinate clauses are very common, especially when there are commas inside them, then a semicolon is placed between such subordinate clauses instead of a comma: What was he thinking about? That he was poor, that through labor he had to gain both independence and honor for himself; that God could give him more intelligence and money ; that there are such idle happy people, short-sighted people, sloths for whom life is much easier; Davydov felt a little sad because a lot had changed there now ; that now he will no longer be able to sit all night long over drawings, that now, apparently, they have forgotten about him.
3. There is no comma between homogeneous subordinate clauses connected by a non-repeating connecting or disjunctive conjunction: It seemed as if they were tearing up the entire forest at once And the roots torn out of the ground and the earth itself groan and scream in pain(there are no repeating conjunctions here: the first conjunction And connects two subordinate clauses, the second – two homogeneous subjects roots and soil, third – two homogeneous predicates moan and scream); What kind of connection is this And who Kovpak was, we didn’t know then.
When repeating coordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between subordinate clauses, for example: While in the hospital, he recalled how the Nazis suddenly attacked them , And how did they end up surrounded? , And how the detachment still managed to get through to its own.
Unions either... or are considered to be repetitive, for example: ...To the left, the entire sky above the horizon was filled with a crimson glow, and it was difficult to understand whether there was whether there's a fire somewhere , or the moon was about to rise.
4. Between subordinate clauses with sequential subordination, a comma is placed on a common basis: ...Bobrov remembered poems he had read in some magazine, in which the poet tells his sweetheart that they will not swear to each other, because oaths would insult their trusting and ardent love.
A comma at the junction of conjunctions can be used in two cases:
When a subordinate clause is wedged between two stems connected by coordinating conjunctions,
depending on the second basis.
With sequential subordination of subordinate clauses, when the second subordinate clause depends on the first, but
at the same time requires a position in front of him.
A comma is placed at the junction between them when there is no second part of the double conjunction after the subordinate clause then, so or union but:
At night, timber was brought to the river (1) and (2) when a white fog shrouded the banks (3) all eight companies
laid planks (4) on the wreckage of the bridges. (Answer: 1234)
At night, timber was brought to the river (1) and (2) when a white fog covered the banks (3) THEN all eight companies
laid planks (4) on the wreckage of the bridges. (Answer: 134)
empty, and no matter how much the philosopher rummaged in all the corners and even felt all the holes and traps in
roof, but nowhere did I find a piece of lard or at least an old knish, which, according to
As usual, it was hidden by the students.- There is no comma, because after the subordinate clause
sentences are a conjunction but.
Compare: The large ramshackle hut in which the bursa was located was decidedly
empty, and no matter how much the philosopher rummaged in all the corners and even felt all the holes and traps in the roof, nowhere
I didn’t find a piece of bacon or at least an old knish, which, as usual, is hidden
were students. This sentence contains a comma because there is no conjunction BUT.
Another technique that allows you to determine whether you need to put a comma at the junction of conjunctions.
Try removing part of the sentence at the junction of conjunctions:
Thick clouds (1) and (2 although it was only the third hour of the day (3) it was already dark
Thick clouds were layered across the sky (1) and (3) it was already dark. Deletion is possible, so there is a comma after
the coordinating conjunction is placed, the answer is 123.
Deletion is impossible, which means a comma is NOT placed after the coordinating conjunction: At night, the tops of old linden trees were lost in the sky (l) and (2) if a strong north wind began (Z), then the stars seemed to fly from branch to branch (4) as if small fireflies were sitting on the trees instead. - At night, the tops of old linden trees were lost in the sky (l) and (2) ... (3) then the stars seemed to fly from branch to branch (4) as if small fireflies were sitting on the trees instead of them. Answer: 134
Could be so:
A comma is placed at the junction of two conjunctions if the sentence can be rearranged without distorting the meaning by rearranging the subordinate clause:
Ø Thick clouds were layered across the sky, and although it was only the third hour of the day, it was already dark;
Ø Thick clouds were layered across the sky, and it was already dark, although it was only the third hour of the day.
Ø Thick clouds were layered across the sky, and although it was only the third hour of the day, it was already dark. IN
In this sentence, such a rearrangement is impossible, since there will be nearby and but.
Algorithm of actions
1. Highlight grammatical basics.
2. Identify conjunctions and determine whether they are coordinating or subordinating.
3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses (the main ones are those from which the question is asked;
subordinate clauses – to which the question is asked).
4. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences that are part of a complex one (conjunctions are often
indicate the beginning of new grammatical foundations!).
5. Pay special attention to the place in the sentence where the coordinating and
subordinating conjunctions.
6. After the subordinate clause there is no second part of the double conjunction then, so or the conjunction but, a comma is placed,
There is. - not set
7. Add all punctuation marks.
Analysis of the task
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.
Lucy was gently persistent (1) and (2) although it was difficult to remember everything (3) gradually the old lady
told (4) how it was.
First, let's define the grammatical basics and highlight which of them are the main ones and which are the subordinate ones.
[Lyusya was soft persistent] and [(although recall All it was difficult) gradually old lady
told] (How it was a matter).
This sentence contains a junction of conjunctions AND ALTHOUGH. We read the proposal. It's not in the second part
continuation of the conjunction THAT, SO, BUT, it can be removed from the text (Lucy was gently persistent and gradually the old woman told how it was), therefore a comma is placed between the conjunctions: AND, ALTHOUGH.
[Lucy was gently insistent], (1) and, (2) [(although it was difficult to remember everything), (3) gradually
the old lady told], (4) (how it happened).
Hello, please tell me if the following sentence needs a comma after but before if. And why it is needed/not needed. A person can be a genius or have all the necessary skills, but if he doesn't believe in himself, he won't give it his all. Thank you.
A comma is placed at the junction of a conjunction if the first conjunction is followed by a single conjunction in the subordinate clause. If after the first conjunction there is a double conjunction, then a comma is not placed at the junction of the conjunction. This happens when the subordinating conjunction has the word in the main part of the sentence That.
Because in this case the words That no, comma between conjunctions But And If needed.
| Question No. 294072 | ||
Tell me, please, if a sentence contains such a construction as “since, if..then,” then if there is a conjunction “then,” then a comma is not placed after the conjunction “since”?
Russian help desk response
Yes, a comma is not placed at the junction of conjunctions if the subordinating conjunction has the word in the main part of the sentence That.
| Question No. 290514 | ||
How to explain the absence of a comma at the junction of conjunctions in the following sentence: “The geologist was intensely peering at the map of the area, and when he finally realized where he was, he hit himself on the knee with a flourish.”
Russian help desk response
There is no comma because it is impossible to remove the subordinate clause from the sentence when I finally realized where I was.
| Question No. 290472 | ||
Good afternoon, please help me put the punctuation marks correctly in the sentence - For significantly less money than you would pay to unknown lawyers without a guarantee of obtaining results or at least a conscientious attitude and timely measures, which (?) even if they do not help to avoid negative consequences , then(?) at least(?) they will significantly reduce them, but these are your nerves, health, time,(?) in the end. Thank you!
Russian help desk response
The sentence is overloaded and therefore difficult to perceive. It needs to be split into two sentences.
On the isolation of revolutions at least And in the end see in "Handbook of Punctuation". At the junction of a union word and a union (which if) a comma is not placed if the main part of the conjunction contains the second part of the conjunction if... then.
| Question No. 290423 | ||
Good evening. I have a question about the junction of unions. Does this rule not work when there is no comma before the first conjunction? What if we were given, for example, the following sentence: She laughed, screamed, AND (,) IF he was in the room at that moment, THEN she would also cry.
Russian help desk response
A comma is not placed at the junction of conjunctions according to the basic rule: She laughed, screamed, and if he had been in the room at that moment, she would have cried.
| Question No. 289830 | ||
Is a comma necessary before “if” in “why(,) if” and “what(,) if” combinations?
Russian help desk response
A comma at the junction of conjunctions may or may not be present. Punctuation depends on the structure of the entire sentence.
| Question No. 289220 | ||
Is a comma necessary before the word “so that” in the sentence: The state allocates a certain amount for each resident, and in order to treat the querulant, another patient will have to be disadvantaged. Not needed, right?
Russian help desk response
A comma is placed at the junction of a conjunction if after the first conjunction ( And) is followed by a single conjunction in the subordinate clause ( to). Right: The state allocates a certain amount for each resident, and in order to treat a querulant, another patient will have to be disadvantaged.
| Question No. 288110 | ||
Please help me resolve the questions: 1) Is a comma necessary: “We must remember that (,) if we want to become better, but do not work on ourselves, then there is something wrong with us.” 2) Separate or combined writing: “I want to be happy because I give and help others.” Thank you for your responses. 3) Why the comma (,) is not needed: “It’s interesting that (,) the more mistakes we make, the angrier we get.” After all, you can remove “the more mistakes we make” without restructuring the sentence. Thanks for the help!
Russian help desk response
1. A comma is not needed, because the word Means- this is the second part of the double conjunction if... that means. If after the first conjunction there is a double conjunction, then a comma is not placed at the junction of the conjunction.
2. Correctly combined spelling.
3. A comma is not needed, because after the first conjunction there is a double conjunction than... the.
| Question No. 286948 | ||
What rule determines the placement and absence of a comma before the word “if” in the following cases: 1) He felt that if he sat down now, he would never get up again. 2) He felt that if he sat down now, he would never get up again.
Russian help desk response
A comma is placed at the junction of conjunctions in a complex sentence if the first conjunction is followed by a single conjunction in the subordinate clause: He felt that if he sat down now, he would never get up again.
If after the first conjunction there is a double conjunction, then a comma is not placed at the junction of the conjunction. This happens when the subordinating conjunction has the word in the main part of the sentence That: He felt that if he sat down now, he would never get up again.
| Question No. 286812 | ||
Is a comma necessary at the junction of the conjunctions "but" and "either..., or..." and why? For example: I wanted to object, but either from resentment or from fatigue I burst into tears. How to place punctuation marks correctly?
Russian help desk response
Punctuation marks are placed correctly. To place a comma after But no reason.
| Question No. 282775 | ||
Hello.
Help me to understand.In Lopatin's reference book we read:
“At the beginning of the sentence, the coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, as well as the subordinating conjunction and the conjunctive word, are not separated by a comma: Denis died. And when I was leaving, his old woman brought me a goose... (Prishv.); And forgive me, and forever, forever. .. Because where can they meet now? (Boon.)"I'm interested in the last example. And if at the beginning of the sentence there is not a conjunction word (such as “where”), but, for example, a conjunction “if,” is a comma needed?
"Because (?) if you had called ahead, I would have waited for you."
Russian help desk response
In the example you gave, the general rule about placing a comma at the junction of conjunctions applies: a comma is placed if the subordinating conjunction does not have the word in the main part of the sentence That. Wed: Because if you had called ahead, I would have waited for you. Because if you had called in advance, I would have waited for you.
| Question No. 281504 | ||
Good afternoon
In one of the Unified State Examination tasks, it was proposed to insert missing commas into the sentence: “At first, the dog ran ahead of the hunter all the time, but (1) as soon as she sensed the game, her steps slowed down and became creeping.”
According to the rules, there should not be a comma in place of the number 1 (since the subordinate clause cannot be omitted without restructuring the main one). However, the answers indicate that a comma still needs to be inserted.
Tell me, is a comma necessary? If necessary, then according to what rule?
Russian help desk response
A comma is needed. It is more correct to be guided by this criterion: a comma is placed at the junction of the conjunction if the subordinate clause can be removed from the text or rearrange to another place in the complex sentence. Here a rearrangement is quite possible: At first the dog ran ahead of the hunter all the time, but as soon as she sensed the game, her steps slowed down and became creeping. At first the dog ran ahead of the hunter all the time, but her steps slowed down and became creeping as soon as she sensed the game.
| Question No. 280606 | ||
Hello!
I'm not sure about the correct placement of commas in the sentence.
The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room, and that if he stretched out his hand through the window, dew would fall from the bushes.
Please explain the placement of a comma before the conjunction And, why don’t we put a comma before the word if?
Russian help desk response
Right: The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room and that if he stretched his hand out the window, dew would fall from the bushes. A comma is not placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses connected by a non-repeating conjunction And. There is no comma at the junction of conjunctions what if, because followed by a correlative word That. Wed: The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room and that if he stretched out his hand through the window, dew would fall from the bushes.
| Question No. 269783 | ||
Good morning. Is a comma necessary at the junction of the conjunctions “because” and “when”?
You don't have to stop when someone says it's crazy, because when people say it's good, it means someone is already doing it. Is a comma necessary at the junction of the conjunctions “because” and “when”?
Russian help desk response
The comma is needed: ...because when people say it's good, it means...
| Question No. 262688 | ||
Hello!
To the answer to question No. 262622.These sentences do not have a comma before "when":
1. Taken separately, such combinations do not cause objections, but when a newspaper article is saturated with such phrases or when even in a single form, but almost daily they are repeated in newspaper materials, then...
2. The very end of autumn is when the rowan shrivels from frost and becomes, as they say, “sweet.”
3. The partisans showed great resourcefulness and exceptional composure, especially when they were surrounded.
Why is there “after all, when” in your answer?
Thank you!
Russian help desk response
You present sentences with different syntactic structures. In the example under consideration - a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses - a comma is placed at the junction of the conjunctions: As it turned out, it makes sense, because when the devices are installed by force, it will cost residents much more. The comma is placed because after the first conjunction (after all) follows a single conjunction (When) in the subordinate part. Of the sentences you gave, only in example 1 (a complex sentence with composition and subordination) do we see a junction of conjunctions, but a comma is not placed in it, because further in the sentence there is the word That(if it were not there, a comma between But And When would be placed).
At the beginning of the day, work is usually easy, easier than at the end, when thoughts are already confused. It’s the same at the beginning of a sentence: we skip through it easily, without stumbling over commas, let alone in the middle, when the devil himself can’t figure out the isolations and phrases. And we don’t stumble at the beginning of a sentence with commas because you rarely see them there.
About conjunctions with introductory words at the beginning of a sentence, a similar approach is to combining conjunctions. The rule is:
“At the beginning of a sentence, the coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, as well as the subordinating conjunction and the allied word, are not separated by a comma: Denis died. And when I was leaving, his old woman brought me a goose...(Priv.); Because where can they meet now?».
I would like to say “that’s all.” But no, not everything. This rule is from Lopatin’s reference book, and Rosenthal’s reference book is “more talkative”:
“The placement of a comma between the connecting conjunction (at the beginning of the sentence, after the period) and the subordinating conjunction that follows it depends on the meaning of the conjunction:
1) ...after the union And no comma is used: ; ;
2) after... union A no comma is used: ; ;
3) after the union But a comma is placed when there is a pause between conjunctions and is not placed if there is no pause (appreciate the deceit! - "According to the rules"): (Sim.); (Paul.);
4) after the union however A comma is usually used: ».
A comma at the beginning of a sentence after the conjunctions “but”, “however”, “and”, “a” before the subordinating conjunction
| A comma is placed | There is no comma | ||
| But(during a pause) | But, if the enemy then managed to repel the attackers, the infantry again rushed to the attack | But(no pause) | But when he, leaning on a stick, stepped out of the headquarters bus into the square... something pinched in the wound |
| However | However, if circumstances require it, I will not stand aside | AND | And although the weather has improved significantly, the danger of drought has not passed; And instead of turning right, we went straight by mistake |
| A | And when the sun rose, a view of the snowy peak opened before us; And if you believe weather forecasters, warming should come tomorrow |
||
Handbook of the Russian language. Punctuation Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich
§ 36. Comma at the junction of two conjunctions
1. With sequential subordination, one subordinate part of a complex sentence may appear inside another and a “meeting” of two subordinating conjunctions or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word will occur: I think,that when the prisoners see the stairs, many will want to escape(M.G.) - a comma separates subordinating conjunctions What And When; The maid was an orphan,who, in order to feed herself, had to enter service(L.T.) - a comma separates the conjunction word which and subordinating conjunction to. The basis for such punctuation is the fact that the second subordinate clause can be removed from the text or rearranged to another place - at the end of a complex sentence.
However, such a simple operation cannot always be performed. Let's compare two sentences with almost identical lexical composition, but with a small addition in the second of them: He said,that, if he is free, he will come to me in the evening.- He said,that if he is free, he will come to me in the evening(added second part of double union if...then). Punctuation is different: in the first sentence (there is a comma between adjacent subordinating conjunctions), the second subordinate clause can be removed or rearranged without violating the structure of the sentence; in the second sentence this cannot be done, since with the removal or rearrangement of the second subordinate clause the words will appear next to each other something... something, eh such a juxtaposition violates the stylistic norms of the literary language. Wed. Also: Mechik feltthat if he has to shoot back again, he will no longer be any different from Pika(F.). - I already thought that if at this decisive moment I do not argue with the old man, then later it will be difficult for me to free myself from his guardianship (P.).
Thus, when two subordinating conjunctions (or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word) “meet” comma placed between them if the removal of the second subordinate part does not require the restructuring of the main part (practically - if the second part of the double conjunction does not follow then, so or But, the presence of which requires such a restructuring), and is not placed if the indicated second part of the double conjunction follows.
Wed: (comma is placed) It seemed that the road led to heaven,because as far as my eyes could see, she kept rising(L.); ...He always felt the injustice of his excess in comparison with the poverty of the people and now decided to himself, that, in order to feel completely right, he... will now work even more and allow himself even less luxury (L.T.); …It turned out,that, although the doctor spoke very smoothly and for a long time, it was impossible to convey what he said(L.T.); The bear loved Nikita so much,that when he went somewhere, the animal anxiously sniffed the air(M.G.); I've been reading so muchthat when I heard the bell ringing on the front porch, I didn’t immediately understand who was ringing and why(M.G.); Thus, the enemy creates for himself a situation in whichwhich, if we are decisive and courageous without hesitation, he himself will expose his main forces to us for defeat(A.T.); This silent conversation of glances excited Lisa so much,that when she sat down at a table in the large hall, her eyes, without answering anyone, also spoke of embarrassment(Fed.); Finally he felt that he can no longer, that no force will move him from his place and that if he now sits down, he will no longer rise (Pol.);
(no comma) Sobakevich... reached him in a little over a quarter of an hour[sturgeon] Total, so when the police chief remembered about him... he saw that only one tail remained from the work of nature (G.); Anton Prokofievich, by the way, had some trousers of such a strange quality,that when he put them on, the dogs always bit him on the calves(T.); The garden was followed by peasant huts, which, although they were lined up scattered and not enclosed in regular streets, showed the contentment of the inhabitants (T.); Hadji Murat sat down and said,that if they only send to the Lezgin line and give an army, then he guarantees that he will raise all of Dagestan(L.T.); The ferry moved so slowly that if it were not for the gradual outline of its contours, one would think that it was standing in one place or going to the other shore (Ch.); The blind man knewthat the sun is looking into the room and that if he stretches his hand out the window, dew will fall from the bushes(Cor.); Who doesn't knowthat when a patient wanted to smoke, it means the same thing that he wanted to live(Priv.); This is why local residents are convinced that if it were possible to blow up the gorges on the padun and lower the level of the lake, then the shores would dry out and good grass would grow (Prishv.); But, probably, something has already happened in the world or was happening at that time - fatal and irreparable -because although it was still the same hot seaside summer, the dacha no longer seemed to me like a Roman villa(Cat.).
2. There is no comma between comparative and subordinating conjunctions: Not so much because her mother told her, but because it was Konstantin's brother,for Kitty these faces suddenly seemed extremely unpleasant(L.T.); Please report your observations.not only when testing the machine begins, but also during the entire experiment;The article deserves attentionboth because the issues raised in it are relevant and because they have been studied seriously and deeply.
3. When a coordinating conjunction and a subordinating (or allied word) “meet” comma between them is placed or not placed depending on the conditions specified above (clause 1). Wed:
(a comma is placed) Gregory, burned by a sudden and joyful determination, barely restrained his horse and,when the last hundred, almost trampling Stepan, rushed past,jumped up to him(Sh.) - when removing a subordinate clause with a conjunction When prepositional-nominal combination to him becomes unclear, but structurally such an exception is possible, therefore a comma is usually placed between the coordinating and subordinating conjunctions in such cases; I didn’t go to Mumu’s manor house and,when Gerasim carried firewood into the rooms,always stayed back and waited impatiently for him at the porch(T.); Levin said goodbye to them, butso as not to be alone,clinging to his brother(L.T.);
(no comma) The woman's feet were burned and barefoot, andwhen she saidthen with her hand she scooped up warm dust to her sore feet, as if trying to soothe the pain(Sim.) - when removing or rearranging a subordinate clause with a conjunction When there will be words nearby and...that; On a cold night... the boy knocked on unfamiliar houses, asking where Oznobishin lived, andif dead silence did not answer him,then there was a scolding shout or a suspicious question(Fed.); Nikolai Nikolaevich tries to walk next to him,but since he gets confused between the trees and stumbles,then he often has to catch up with his companion by skipping(Cupr.); He looked around sadly, and he felt unbearably sorry for the sky, and the earth, and the forest, andwhen the highest note of the pipe swept through the air and trembled like the voice of a crying man,he felt extremely bitter and offended by the disorder that had replaced nature(Ch.) - after the adversative conjunction A a comma in these cases, as a rule, is not placed, even if the second part of the double conjunction does not follow That, since neither the removal nor the rearrangement of the subordinate part is possible without the restructuring of the main part; The sounds gradually died away, andThe farther we went from home, the more desolate and dead everything around us became.(M.G.) - union And attaches a whole complex sentence; He left a long time ago, andwhere is he now, no one knows- union And attaches a whole complex sentence.
4. When “meeting” a connecting conjunction And and a subordinating conjunction, the following cases are possible:
1) comma is placed only before the conjunction And(regardless of whether it connects homogeneous members of a sentence, independent clauses or subordinate subordinate clauses), if the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of a double conjunction how or But(in this case the union And attaches a whole complex sentence): He wore dark glasses, a sweatshirt, earspawnedcotton wool, and when he got into the cab, thenorderedraise the top(Ch.) - union And connects homogeneous members of a sentence; Occasionally a small snowflake stuck to the outside of the glass,and if you look closely, thenone could see its finest crystalline structure(Paust.) - union And connects simple sentences; Doctor said,that the patient needs rest,and if we don't want to disturb him, thenmust leave the room- union And connects subordinate subordinate clauses; Please find outwhether the reviewer read the manuscript,and if you read it, thenwhat is his opinion of her- union And connects subordinate parts;
2) comma is placed only after the conjunction And, if it connects two homogeneous members of a sentence or two subordinate clauses and the second part of the double conjunction does not follow: He thought to surprise her with his generosity, but she even raised an eyebrowdidn't lead andwhen he turned away from her, she scrunched her clenched lips contemptuously(T.); Apparently, in his own wordsgaveit is of no small importance and, to add to its price,triedpronounce them in a stretched manner(Ch.); It revealed,that the manuscript has not yet been completely edited and,until further work is done on it,it cannot be put into a set;
3) comma is also placed before the union And, and after it, if it connects two simple sentences (and the subordinate part is not followed by the second part of the double conjunction): Gulyaev was a strong man, andwhen he returned to the Urals,the brilliant fame of a millionaire followed him(M.-S.); For some reason they said about him that he was a wonderful artist, and,when his mother died,his grandmother sent him to Moscow, to the Komissarovsky School(Ch.); This newborn master especially irritated Samghin, andif Klim Ivanovich were capable of hating,he would hate it(M.G.); ...My head became lighter, clearer, everything somehow thickened, and,while this condensation was happening in my head,the street has also become quieter(M.G.); She looked at the calmly beautiful Elizaveta Mikhailovna with large, tender eyes, and,when she caressed her with a soft and gentle hand,her heart sank sweetly(S.-Sch.); Lisa walked into the deserted square, andwhen her legs began to fall heavily from the round bald spots of the cobblestones,she remembered how she was returning to this square on a sunny day after her first meeting with Tsvetukhin(Fed.); The frisky wind from the sea inflated the sails, andwhen the sun rose and the city walls remained behind the stern of the last plow,a loud song spread over the expanse of the Volga(Zl.); And the woman kept talking and talking about her misfortunes, and,although her words were familiar,Saburov’s heart suddenly ached from them(Sim.); At turns, the sled was thrown towards the banks, and,so that it does not break on sharp stones sticking out from under the snow,Alitet pushed off with his feet(Sem.).
5. The placement of a comma between the connecting conjunction (at the beginning of the sentence, after the period) and the subordinating conjunction that follows depends on the meaning of the conjunction:
1) usually after the union And no comma is used: And whenLevinson, having completed all the everyday tasks, finally gave the order to march,- there was such jubilation in the detachment, as if with this order all sorts of ordeals actually ended(F.); And althoughthe weather has improved significantly, the danger of drought has not passed; ANDinstead ofturn right, go straight by mistake;
2) after the joining union A The comma is also omitted: And whenthe sun rose, a view of a snowy peak opened before us;And ifbelieve weather forecasters, warming should come tomorrow;
3) after the union Butcomma is not put when there is no pause between conjunctions and is put if there is a pause; compare: But whenHe, leaning on a stick, walked out of the headquarters bus onto the square... and, without waiting for someone to hug him, he began to hug and kiss everyone who fell into his arms, something pinched in the wound(Paul.); But ifeven the enemy managed to repel the attackers, the infantry again rushed to the attack(Sim.);
4) after the union howevercomma usually put: However, ifcircumstances will require it, I will not stand on the sidelines.
Note. For various cases of using the connecting conjunction at the very beginning of the sentence, the following rules are established:
1) comma is placed after conjunctions And And But and is not placed after the conjunction A, if what follows is a separate phrase (most often a construction with a gerund): And, lingering at the exit,he turned around;But, not wanting to go back to what was said,the speaker missed this part of his message; Ahearing these words,he exclaimed...(see § 20);
2) a comma, as a rule, is not placed after an connecting conjunction if an introductory word or introductory sentence follows: And probablyyou won't wait for him;But maybe,the issue has not yet been considered;However,and this optionacceptable; And imaginerandom answer turned out to be correct(see § 25, paragraph 6);
3) comma is placed before the subordinate clause depending on the meaning of the connecting conjunction and the presence or absence of a pause during reading (see § 36, paragraph 5).
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