In creating the image of Pierre Bezukhov, L.N. Tolstoy started from specific life observations. People like Pierre often met in Russian life at that time. These are Alexander Muravyov and Wilhelm Küchelbecker, to whom Pierre is close to his eccentricity and absent-mindedness and directness. Contemporaries believed that Tolstoy endowed Pierre with the features of his own personality. One of the features of the portrayal of Pierre in the novel is its opposition to the surrounding noble environment. It is no coincidence that he is the illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov; it is no coincidence that its bulky, clumsy figure stands out sharply against the general background. When Pierre finds himself in the salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherer, he worries her about the inconsistency of his manners with the etiquette of the drawing room. He is significantly different from all visitors to the salon and his smart, natural look. By contrast, the author presents Pierre's judgments and the vulgar chatter of Hippolytus. Opposing his hero to the environment, Tolstoy reveals his high spiritual qualities: sincerity, spontaneity, high conviction and noticeable gentleness. The evening with Anna Pavlovna ends with Pierre, to the discontent of the audience, defending the ideas of the French revolution, admiring Napoleon as the head of revolutionary France, defending the ideas of republic and freedom, showing the independence of his views.
Leo Tolstoy paints the appearance of his hero: this is "a massive, fat young man, with a cropped head, glasses, in light pantaloons, with a high frill and in a brown dress coat." The writer pays special attention to Pierre's smile, which makes his face childish, kind, silly and as if asking for forgiveness. She seems to say: "Opinions are opinions, and you see what a kind and nice guy I am."
Pierre is sharply opposed to those around him in the episode of the death of the old man Bezukhov. Here he is very different from the careerist Boris Drubetskoy, who, at the instigation of his mother, is playing the game, trying to get his share of the inheritance. Pierre feels awkward and ashamed for Boris.
And now he is the heir to an immensely rich father. Having received the title of count, Pierre immediately finds himself in the center of attention of secular society, where he was catered to, caressed and, as it seemed to him, loved. And he plunges into the stream of new life, obeying the atmosphere of the great light. So he finds himself in the company of "golden youth" - Anatol Kuragin and Dolokhov. Under the influence of Anatole, he spends his days in revelry, unable to escape from this cycle. Pierre wastes his vitality, showing his characteristic lack of will. Prince Andrew tries to convince him that this dissolute life does not suit him at all. But it is not so easy to pull him out of this "whirlpool". However, I will note that Pierre is immersed in him more in body than in soul.
Pierre's marriage to Helen Kuragina dates back to this time. He perfectly understands her insignificance, sheer stupidity. "There is something nasty in that feeling," he thought, "which she aroused in me, something forbidden." However, Pierre's feelings are influenced by her beauty and unconditional feminine charm, although Tolstoy's hero does not feel real, deep love. Time will pass, and "circled" Pierre will hate Helen and with all his soul will feel her depravity.
In this regard, an important moment was the duel with Dolokhov, which took place after Pierre received an anonymous letter at a dinner in honor of Bagration that his wife was cheating on him with his former friend. Pierre does not want to believe this in the power of the purity and nobility of his nature, but at the same time he believes the letter, because he knows Helene and her lover well. Dolokhov's impudent trick at the table throws Pierre off balance and leads to a duel. It is quite obvious to him that now he hates Helen and is ready to break with her forever, and at the same time break with the world in which she lived.
Dolokhov's and Pierre's attitude to the duel is different. The first is sent to a duel with a firm intention to kill, and the second suffers from the fact that he needs to shoot a man. In addition, Pierre never held a pistol in his hands and, in order to end this heinous deed as soon as possible, somehow pulls the trigger, and when he wounds the enemy, barely holding back sobs, rushes to him. "It's stupid! .. Death ... A lie ..." - he repeated, walking through the snow into the forest. So a separate episode, a quarrel with Dolokhov, becomes a borderline for Pierre, opening up to him a world of lies, in which he was destined to be for some time.
A new stage of Pierre's spiritual quests begins when, in a state of deep moral crisis, he meets the freemason Bazdeev on his way from Moscow. Striving for the lofty meaning of life, believing in the possibility of achieving brotherly love, Pierre enters the religious-philosophical society of the Freemasons. He seeks spiritual and moral renewal here, hopes for rebirth to a new life, longs for personal improvement. He also wants to correct the imperfection of life, and this business seems to him not at all difficult. "How easy, how little effort it takes to do so much Good," thought Pierre, "and how little we care about it!"
And now, under the influence of Masonic ideas, Pierre decides to free the peasants belonging to him from serfdom. He follows the same path followed by Onegin, although he also takes new steps in this direction. But unlike the Pushkin hero, he has huge estates in the Kiev province, which is why he has to act through the chief manager.
Possessing childish purity and credulity, Pierre does not assume that he will have to face the meanness, deception and devilish resourcefulness of businessmen. He takes the construction of schools, hospitals, and shelters for a radical improvement in the life of the peasants, while all this was ostentatious and burdensome for them. Pierre's undertakings not only did not alleviate the plight of the peasants, but also worsened their position, for the predation of the rich from the trading village and the robbery of the peasants, hidden from Pierre, joined here.
Neither the transformation in the countryside nor Freemasonry justified the hopes that Pierre had pinned on them. He is disenchanted with the goals of the Masonic organization, which now seems to him to be deceitful, vicious and hypocritical, where everyone is primarily concerned with a career. In addition, the ritual procedures characteristic of Masons now seem to him an absurd and ridiculous performance. "Where am I? - he thinks, - what am I doing? Are they not laughing at me? Wouldn't I be ashamed to remember this?" Feeling the futility of Masonic ideas, which did not change his own life at all, Pierre "suddenly felt the impossibility of continuing his old life."
Tolstoy's hero goes through a new moral test. They became a real, great love for Natasha Rostova. At first Pierre did not think about his new feeling, but it grew and became more and more imperious; a special sensitivity arose, intense attention to everything that concerned Natasha. And he leaves for a while from public interests into the world of personal, intimate experiences that Natasha opened for him.
Pierre is convinced that Natasha loves Andrei Bolkonsky. She is animated only by the fact that Prince Andrew enters, that he hears his voice. "Something very important is happening between them," Pierre thinks. Complicated feeling does not leave him. He carefully and tenderly loves Natasha, but at the same time loyally and faithfully is friends with Andrei. Pierre wishes them happiness with all his heart, and at the same time their love becomes a great grief for him.
The aggravation of mental loneliness ties Pierre to the most important issues of our time. He sees before him a "tangled, terrible knot of life." On the one hand, he reflects, people erected forty-forty churches in Moscow, professing the Christian law of love and forgiveness, and on the other, yesterday they spotted a soldier with a whip and the priest let him kiss the cross before being executed. This is how the crisis grows in Pierre's soul.
Natasha, refusing to Prince Andrew, showed friendly spiritual sympathy for Pierre. And great, disinterested happiness overwhelmed him. Natasha, seized with grief and repentance, evokes such a flash of passionate love in Pierre's soul that, unexpectedly for himself, he makes a kind of confession to her: "If I were not me, but the most beautiful, smartest and best person in the world ... I would this minute on my knees I asked for your hand and your love. " In this new enthusiastic state, Pierre forgets about the social and other issues that worried him so much. Personal happiness and boundless feeling overwhelms him, gradually letting him feel some kind of incompleteness of life, deeply and widely understood by him.
The events of the war of 1812 produced a drastic change in Pierre's outlook. They gave him the opportunity to get out of the state of egoistic isolation. Anxiety that is incomprehensible to him begins to take possession of him, and, although he does not know how to understand the events that are taking place, he inevitably joins the stream of reality and thinks about his participation in the fate of the Fatherland. And this is not just speculation. He prepares the militia, and then goes to Mozhaisk, to the field of the Borodino battle, where a new world of ordinary people unfamiliar to him opens before him.
Borodino becomes a new stage in the development of Pierre. Seeing for the first time the militia men dressed in white shirts, Pierre caught the spirit of spontaneous patriotism emanating from them, expressed in a clear determination to staunchly defend their native land. Pierre realized that this was the very force driving events — the people. With all his soul he understood the innermost meaning of the soldier's words: "They want to pile on all the people, one word - Moscow."
Pierre now not only observes what is happening, but reflects, analyzes. Here he managed to feel that "hidden warmth of patriotism" that made the Russian people invincible. True, in battle, at the Rayevsky battery, Pierre experiences a moment of panic fear, but it was precisely this horror "that allowed him to understand especially deeply the strength of the people's courage. After all, these artillerymen all the time, until the very end, were firm and calm, and now I want Pierre to be a soldier, just a soldier, to "enter into this common life" with his whole being.
Under the influence of people from the people, Pierre decides to participate in the defense of Moscow, for which it is necessary to stay in the city. Wanting to accomplish the feat, he intends to kill Napoleon in order to save the peoples of Europe from the one who brought them so much suffering and evil. Naturally, he abruptly changes his attitude towards the personality of Napoleon, the former sympathy is replaced by hatred of the despot. However, many obstacles, as well as a meeting with the French captain Ramble, change his plans, and he abandons the plan to assassinate the French emperor.
A new stage in Pierre's search was his stay in French captivity, where he finds himself after a fight with French soldiers. This new period in the hero's life becomes a further step towards rapprochement with the people. Here, in captivity, Pierre had a chance to see the true carriers of evil, the creators of a new "order", to feel the inhumanity of the customs of Napoleonic France, relations built on domination and submission. He saw the massacres and tried to find out their causes.
He experiences an extraordinary shock when he is present at the execution of people accused of arson. "In his soul," writes Tolstoy, "it is as if that spring on which everything was held was suddenly pulled out." And only a meeting with Platon Karataev in captivity allowed Pierre to find peace of mind. Pierre became close to Karataev, fell under his influence and began to look at life as a spontaneous and natural process. Faith in goodness and truth arises again, inner independence and freedom was born. Under the influence of Karataev, Pierre's spiritual rebirth takes place. Like this simple peasant, Pierre begins to love life in all its manifestations, despite all the vicissitudes of fate.
Close rapprochement with the people after his release from captivity leads Pierre to Decembrism. Tolstoy talks about this in the epilogue of his novel. Over the past seven years, the old moods of passivity and contemplation have been replaced by a thirst for action and active participation in public life. Now, in 1820, Pierre's anger and indignation cause social order and political oppression in his native Russia. He says to Nikolai Rostov: "There is theft in the courts, there is only one stick in the army, shagistika, the settlements - they torture the people, they stifle enlightenment. What is young, honest, is ruined!"
Pierre is convinced that the duty of all honest people is. to counteract this. It is no coincidence that Pierre becomes a member of a secret organization and even one of the main organizers of a secret political society. The association of "honest people", he believes, should play a significant role in eliminating social evil.
Personal happiness now enters into Pierre's life. Now he is married to Natasha, he experiences deep love for her and his children. Happiness illuminates his whole life with an even and calm light. The main conviction that Pierre brought out from his long life searches and which is close to Tolstoy himself is: "As long as there is life, there is happiness."
This part held Tolstoy's attention for a long time during the creation of an early version of the novel. Much is told about Pierre: how his appearance changed, how Davout interrogated him (close to the completed text), what horror the execution of the arsonists caused in Pierre. But almost nothing was known about the people who surrounded him in captivity. Mentioned are only an old official, a five-year-old boy whom Pierre rescued, and a soldier-neighbor who taught Pierre to tie someone else's gray trousers with a string around his ankles. The captured soldier still does not stand out in any way and plays a role in Pierre's life. Much later, he was transformed into Platon Karataev, and in the early version, the theme of Karataev was barely outlined. It is described in detail how the "secret friend" of Poncini came to Pierre's booth; outlined their bosso yes. After talking with the Frenchman, Pierre "thought for a long time about Natasha, about how in the future he would devote his whole life to her, how happy he would be with her presence, and how little he knew how to value life before."
The scene of the interrogation and execution of the "arsonists", not only in content, but also textually, was close to the final text from the very beginning. The subject of the most intense work remained a deep revolution in Pierre's mind, which had taken place after the "criminal murder" he had seen. The manuscripts tell how long, and most importantly, Tolstoy worked excitedly on this.
On the same day, Pierre met and became close to his comrades in captivity - soldiers, serfs and convicts, and in this closeness he found "interest, peace and pleasure that he had not yet experienced." He enjoyed "a lunch of pickled cucumbers", "warm when he lay down next to the old soldier", "a clear day and the view of the sun and the Sparrow Hills, seen from the door of the booth." Pierre's “moral pleasures” are analyzed in even more detail: his soul is now “clear and pure”, and those thoughts and feelings that had seemed important to him before were as if “washed away”. He realized that "for the happiness of life, one only needs to live without hardship, suffering, without participation in the evil that people do, and without the spectacle of this suffering."
One of the main characters of the epic "Warrior and Peace" is Pierre Bezukhov. The characterization of the character of the work is revealed through his actions. And also through the thoughts, spiritual searches of the main characters. The image of Pierre Bezukhov allowed Tolstoy to convey to the reader an understanding of the meaning of the era of that time, of the whole life of a person.
Introducing the reader to Pierre
It is very difficult to briefly describe and understand the image of Pierre Bezukhov. The reader must go with the hero all of it
Acquaintance with Pierre is referred in the novel to 1805. He appears at a social reception with Anna Pavlovna Sherer, a Moscow high-ranking lady. By that time, the young man did not represent anything interesting for the secular public. He was the illegitimate son of one of the Moscow nobles. He received a good education abroad, but after returning to Russia, he found no use for himself. An idle lifestyle, revelry, idleness, dubious companies led to the fact that Pierre was expelled from the capital. With this vital baggage, he appears in Moscow. In turn, the upper world also does not attract a young person. He does not share the pettiness of interests, selfishness, hypocrisy of his representatives. “Life is something deeper, more significant, but unknown to him,” reflects Pierre Bezukhov. Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace helps the reader understand this.
Moscow life
The change of place of residence did not affect the image of Pierre Bezukhov. By nature, he is a very gentle person, easily falls under the influence of others, doubts about the correctness of his actions constantly haunt him. Unbeknownst to himself, he finds himself in captivity at the idle with her temptations, feasts and revelry.
After the death of Count Bezukhov, Pierre becomes the heir to the title and the entire fortune of his father. The attitude of society towards a young person is changing dramatically. The eminent Moscow nobleman, in pursuit of the state of the young count, marries his beautiful daughter Helene to him. This marriage did not bode well for a happy family life. Very soon Pierre realizes the deceit, the deceit of his wife, her debauchery becomes obvious to him. Thoughts of outraged honor haunt him. In a state of rage, he commits an act that could be fatal. Fortunately, the duel with Dolokhov ended with the injury of the offender, and Pierre's life was out of danger.
The path of searches of Pierre Bezukhov
After the tragic events, the young count is increasingly thinking about how he spends the days of his life. Everything around is confused, disgusting and meaningless. He understands that all secular rules and norms of behavior are insignificant in comparison with something great, mysterious, unknown to him. But Pierre does not have sufficient strength of mind and knowledge to discover this great, to find the true purpose of human life. Reflections did not leave the young man, making his life unbearable. A brief description of Pierre Bezukhov gives the right to say that he was a deep, thinking person.
Passion for Freemasonry
After parting with Helene and giving her a large share of the fortune, Pierre decides to return to the capital. On the way from Moscow to St. Petersburg, during a short stop, he meets a man who talks about the existence of the brotherhood of Freemasons. Only they know the true path, they are subject to the laws of being. For Pierre's tortured soul and consciousness, this meeting, he believed, was salvation.
Arriving in the capital, he, without hesitation, accepts the ceremony and becomes a member of the Masonic lodge. The rules of another world, its symbolism, outlook on life captivate Pierre. He unconditionally believes everything he hears in meetings, although much of his new life seems to him dark and incomprehensible. Pierre Bezukhov's search continues. The soul still rushes about and finds no rest.
How to make life easier for the people
New experiences and searches for the meaning of life lead Pierre Bezukhov to the understanding that the life of an individual cannot be happy when there are many disadvantaged people around, deprived of any right.
He decides to take action to improve the lives of the peasants on his estates. Many do not understand Pierre. Even among the peasants, for whose sake all this was started, there is a lack of understanding, rejection of the new way of life. This discourages Bezukhov, he is depressed, disappointed.
The disappointment was final when Pierre Bezukhov (whose characterization describes him as a gentle, trusting person) realized that he had been cruelly deceived by the managers, and that his means and efforts were thrown into the wind.
Napoleon
The troubling events taking place in France at that time occupied the minds of the entire high society. excited the minds of young people and old people. For many young people, the image of the great emperor has become an ideal. Pierre Bezukhov admired his successes, victories, he idolized the personality of Napoleon. I did not understand people who dared to resist the talented commander, the great revolution. There was a moment in Pierre's life when he was ready to swear allegiance to Napoleon and defend the conquests of the revolution. But this was not destined to happen. Feats, achievements for the glory of the French Revolution remained only dreams.
And the events of 1812 will destroy all ideals. The adoration of Napoleon's personality will be replaced in Pierre's soul by contempt and hatred. An irresistible desire will appear to kill the tyrant, taking revenge for all the troubles he brought to his native land. Pierre was simply obsessed with the idea of \u200b\u200breprisal against Napoleon, he believed that this was the destiny, the mission of his life.
battle of Borodino
The Patriotic War of 1812 broke the established foundations, becoming a real test for the country and its citizens. This tragic event directly affected Pierre. The aimless life of wealth and convenience was abandoned without hesitation by the count for the sake of serving the fatherland.
It was during the war that Pierre Bezukhov, whose characterization has not yet been flattering, begins to look at life differently, to understand what was unknown. Rapprochement with soldiers, representatives of the common people, helps to re-evaluate life.
The great Borodino battle played a special role in this. Pierre Bezukhov, being in the same ranks with the soldiers, saw their real patriotism without falsehood and pretense, their readiness to sacrifice their lives for the sake of their homeland without hesitation.
Destruction, blood, and related experiences give rise to the hero's spiritual rebirth. Suddenly, unexpectedly for himself, Pierre begins to find answers to the questions that have tormented him for so many years. Everything becomes extremely clear and simple. He begins to live not formally, but with all his heart, experiencing a feeling unfamiliar to him, an explanation of which at this moment he cannot yet give.
Captivity
Subsequent events unfold in such a way that the trials that have befallen Pierre must temper and finally shape his views.
Once in captivity, he undergoes an interrogation procedure, after which he remains alive, but before his eyes the execution of several Russian soldiers is carried out, together with him who fell into the hands of the French. The spectacle of the execution does not leave Pierre's imagination, bringing him to the brink of madness.
And only the meeting and conversations with Platon Karataev again awaken a harmonious beginning in his soul. Being in a cramped barrack, experiencing physical pain and suffering, the hero begins to feel himself for real. Pierre Bezukhov's life path helps to understand that being on earth is a great happiness.
However, the hero more than once will have to revise his own and look for his place in it.
Fate decrees that Platon Karataev, who gave Pierre an understanding of life, was killed by the French, as he fell ill and could not move. The death of Karataev brings new suffering to the hero. Pierre himself was released from captivity by the partisans.
Relatives
Freed from captivity, Pierre, one after another, receives news from his relatives, about whom he did not know anything for a long time. He becomes aware of the death of his wife Helene. The best friend, Andrei Bolkonsky, is seriously injured.
The death of Karataev, alarming news from relatives again excite the soul of the hero. He begins to think that all the misfortunes that happened were his fault. He is the cause of death of people close to him.
And suddenly Pierre catches himself thinking that in difficult moments of emotional experiences the image of Natasha Rostova unexpectedly appears. She instills in him calmness, gives strength and confidence.
Natasha Rostova
During subsequent meetings with her, he realizes that he has a feeling for this sincere, intelligent, spiritually rich woman. Natasha's feelings for Pierre flare up in response. In 1813 they got married.
Rostova is capable of sincere love, she is ready to live in the interests of her husband, to understand, to feel him - this is the main advantage of a woman. Tolstoy showed the family as a way to preserve a person. The family is a small model of the world. The state of the whole society depends on the health of this cell.
Life goes on
The hero gained an understanding of life, happiness, harmony within himself. But the path to this was very difficult. The work of the inner development of the soul accompanied the hero all his life, and it gave its results.
But life does not stop, and Pierre Bezukhov, whose characterization as a seeker is given here, is again ready to move forward. In 1820, he informs his wife that he intends to become a member of the secret society.
Pierre Bezukhov in captivity
(based on the novel "War and Peace")
Before proceeding with the question of how Pierre spent his time in captivity, we must figure out how he got there.
Pierre, like Bolkonsky, had a dream to be like Napoleon, to imitate him in every possible way and be like him. But each of them realized his mistake. So, Bolkonsky saw Napoleon when he was wounded at the Battle of Austerlitz. Napoleon seemed to him "an insignificant person in comparison with what happened between his soul and this high, endless sky with clouds running over it." Pierre also hated Napoleon when he left his home, disguised and armed with a pistol, to take part in the people's defense of Moscow. Pierre recalls the kabbalistic meaning of his name (number 666, etc.) in connection with the name of Bonaparte and that he is destined to put an end to the power of the "beast". Pierre is going to kill Napoleon, even if he has to sacrifice his own life. Due to circumstances, he could not kill Napoleon, he was captured by the French and taken prisoner for 1 month.
If we consider the psychological impulses that took place in Pierre's soul, then we can say that the Events of the Patriotic War allow Bezukhov to get out of that closed, insignificant sphere of established habits, everyday relationships that fettered and suppressed him. A trip to the battlefield of Borodino opens up a new world, hitherto unfamiliar to Bezukhov, reveals the real appearance of ordinary people. On Borodin's day, at the Raevsky battery, Bezukhov witnesses the high heroism of the soldiers, their amazing self-control, their ability to simply and naturally perform the feat of selflessness. At the Borodino field, Pierre could not avoid a sense of acute fear. “Oh, how terrible the fear, and how shamefully I surrendered to it! And they ... they were all the time firm, calm ”... - he thought. In Pierre's understanding, they were soldiers, those who were on the battery, and those who fed him, and those who prayed to the icon ... “They do not speak, but they do.” Bezukhov is seized by the desire to get closer to them, to enter “into this common life with all being, to be imbued with what makes them so ”.
Remaining in Moscow during its capture by the French troops, Bezukhov is faced with many unexpected phenomena for him, with conflicting facts and processes.
Arrested by the French, Pierre is experiencing the tragedy of a man sentenced to death for a crime he has not committed, he experiences the deepest emotional shock, watching the execution of innocent residents of Moscow. And this triumph of cruelty, immorality, inhumanity suppresses Bezukhov: "... in his soul, as if suddenly that spring was pulled out, on which everything held ...". Just like Andrei, Bolkonsky, Pierre was acutely aware of not only his own imperfection, but also the imperfection of the world.
In captivity, Pierre had to endure all the horrors of a military court, the executions of Russian soldiers. Acquaintance with Platon Karataev in captivity contributes to the formation of a new outlook on life. "... Platon Karataev remained forever in Pierre's soul the most powerful and dear memory and the personification of everything" Russian, kind and round. "
Platon Karataev is meek, submissive to fate, gentle, passive and patient. Karataev is a vivid expression of a weak-willed acceptance of good and evil. This image is the first step of Tolstoy on the path to apology (defense, praise, justification) of the patriarchal naive peasantry, which professed the religion of "non-resistance to evil by violence." The image of Karataev is a good example of how false views can lead to creative breakdowns even for such brilliant artists. But it would be a mistake to think that Karataev personifies the entire Russian peasantry. Plato cannot be imagined with a weapon in his hands on the battlefield. If the army consisted of such soldiers, it would not be able to defeat Napoleon. In captivity, Plato is constantly busy with something - “he knew how to do everything, not very well, but not bad either. He baked, boiled, sewed, planed, made boots. He was always busy, only at night he allowed himself the conversations he loved and songs. "
In captivity, he addresses the issue of the sky, which worries many in Tolstov's novel. He sees "a full month" and "endless distance." Just as it is impossible to lock this month and distance in a barn with captives, so it is impossible to lock a human soul. Thanks to the sky, Pierre felt free and full of strength for a new life.
In captivity, he will find the path to internal freedom, will join the people's truth and people's morality. Meeting with Platon Karataev, the bearer of popular truth - an era in the life of Pierre. Like Bazdeev, Karataev will enter his life as a spiritual teacher. But all the inner energy of Pierre's personality, the whole structure of his soul are such that, gladly accepting the proposed experience of his teachers, he does not obey them, but goes, enriched, further on his own path. And this path, according to Tolstoy, is the only possible one for a truly moral person.
Of great importance in the life of Pierre in captivity was the execution of prisoners.
“In front of Pierre's eyes, the first two prisoners are shot, then two more. Bezukhov notes that horror and suffering are written not only on the faces of the prisoners, but also on the faces of the French. He does not understand why “justice” is being administered if both the “right” and the “guilty” suffer. Pierre is not shot. The execution was terminated. From the moment Pierre saw this terrible murder committed by people who did not want to do it, in his soul, as if suddenly that spring was pulled out, on which everything was held and seemed to be alive, and everything fell into a heap of senseless rubbish. In him, although he did not realize himself, faith and the improvement of the world, both in the human, and in his soul, and in God, were destroyed.
In conclusion, we can say that “in captivity, Pierre learned not with his mind, but with his whole being, life, that man was created for happiness, that happiness is in himself, in satisfying natural human needs, and that all misfortune comes not from lack, but from surplus; but now, in these last three weeks of the campaign, he learned another new comforting truth - he learned that there is nothing terrible in the world. "