The oldest book in Europe, hardbacked in red, and perfectly preserved, is the Gospel of Saint Cuthbert (also known as the Gospel of Stonyhurst), which was written in Latin in the seventh century. Its fully digitized version is now available on the Internet. The book is a copy of the Gospel of John, and it was placed in the tomb of St. Cuthbert over 1300 years ago. When the Vikings began raiding the north-east coast of England, the monastic community left Lindisfarne, taking with them a coffin and a book, and settled in the city of Durham. The coffin was opened in 1104, and the Gospel passed from hand to hand for a long time until it got to the Jesuits.

2. The oldest official coin

Before governments began to issue coins, early coin tokens were minted by wealthy merchants and powerful members of society. Most experts agree that the world's first coin is a third of a stater minted by the Lydian king Alyattes between 660 and 600 BC. The head of a roaring lion is depicted on one side of the coin and a depressed double square on the other side. The coin was made from electrum, an alloy of silver and gold.

3. The oldest wooden structure

The oldest wooden buildings are located near the Horyu-ji Buddhist temple in the Japanese city of Ikaruga. Four buildings have survived to this day, although construction began in 587 AD. (Asuka period) by order of Emperor Yomei, and his heirs completed the temple in 607. The original complex burned down in 670, but was reconstructed by 710. The building complex consists of a central five-story pagoda, the Golden Hall, an internal gate and a wooden corridor that surrounds the central area.

4. The oldest image of a person

Venus from Hole Fels is the oldest human figurine in the world. Venus is 40 thousand years old, her height is about 6 cm, and she is carved from the tusk of a mammoth. The figurine does not have a head, but special emphasis is placed on the breasts, buttocks and vulva. Most likely, it served as an amulet or a symbol of fertility, which was worn as a pendant. Venus was excavated in 2008 in the Hole-Fels caves near Ulm in southwestern Germany. By the way, these caves are a real treasure trove of numerous finds related to the life of prehistoric people.

5. The most ancient musical instruments

In 2012, scientists discovered the world's oldest musical instruments 42-43 thousand years old. These ancient prototypes of the flute, carved from mammoth and bird bones, were found in the Geissenklosterle cave in the upper Danube, southern Germany. Based on the finds from this cave, it was concluded that people came to these lands 39-40 thousand years ago. Flutes could be used for leisure or religious rituals.

6. The oldest cave paintings

Until 2014, the most ancient cave paintings were images of animals of the late Paleolithic era (30-32 thousand years old), found in the Chauvet cave in France. However, in September 2014, scientists discovered cave drawings on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, in the eastern part of Borneo, whose age is at least 40 thousand years. They depict local animals and handprints. One of the images, called Babirussa (a native pig), has been officially aged at least 35,400 years old, making it the oldest piece of fine art.

7. The oldest working mechanical clock

The world's oldest working mechanical clock is found in Salisbury Cathedral in southern England. They were created in 1836 by order of Bishop Ergum and consist of a wheel and a gear system, which are attached with ropes to the bell of the cathedral. The clock strikes every hour. Another, older mechanical watch was put into operation in Milan in 1335, but today it does not function.

8. The most ancient masks

The most ancient masks are considered to be a collection of Neolithic stone masks dating back to 9 thousand years, found on the territory of modern Israel. All masks were found in the Judean Desert and the Judean Hills and are currently on display at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. They are stylized faces (some of them resemble skulls) with holes along the edges, apparently for wearing. However, these holes could also be used for hanging masks as decorative or ritual objects on pillars or altars. The researchers note that the masks are carved so that they are quite comfortable to wear: for example, the eyes are cut out so that a person has a wide field of view.

9. The oldest example of abstract design

In 2007, archaeologists who studied clam shells collected from the island of Java in Indonesia discovered embossed patterns and symmetrical holes in their surface. In 2014, a group of researchers confirmed that the shells were processed with some kind of tools, and the abstract patterns were clearly human made. Using microscopes, it was found that they were carved with shark teeth. However, it is premature to call this evidence conclusive, at least until more such artifacts are found. Although now these are still the oldest scribbles on earth, made by an ancient abstract artist.

10. The most ancient working tools

The oldest working tools were found in the Ethiopian area of \u200b\u200bKada Gona, and their age ranges from 2.5 to 2.6 million years. These are the oldest artifacts on Earth related to human activities. The tools are made up of sharp-edged pieces of rock and were most likely used to separate meat from bones. Despite the fact that about 2,600 samples of such weapons were found, no human remains were found near them, which casts doubt on the purpose of these artifacts. By the way, similar instruments with an established age of 2.3-2.4 million years have been found in other parts of Africa.

If you believe the myths, then throughout ancient history, the world was tormented by evil ghouls and fastidious gods. But people were not going to give up without a fight and fought with the haters of the human race with improvised means, in particular magic. A wide variety of artifacts have survived to our time, the true purpose of which modern scientists can only guess.

1. Greek palindrome

According to legends, Cyprus is the birthplace of the Greek goddess of love of fertility, and the city of Paphos was the "headquarters" of the cult of Aphrodite. Today, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is replete with ancient mosaics and remains of the great Mycenaean temples dedicated to the patroness of love. Recently, in Paphos, another miracle was found - a 1,500-year-old clay amulet the size of a coin. On one side, a Greek palindrome is depicted, and on the other, a scene from myths. The palindrome says: "Yahweh is the bearer of the secret name, and the lion of Ra keeps it in his temple."

2. Mysterious golden spirals

Gold has always been considered a valuable metal by people. Everything was decorated with gold - from tombs to ritual figurines. Archaeologists recently discovered about 2,000 small golden spirals in a field on the Danish island of Zeeland. Previously, less mysterious gold items such as bracelets, bowls and rings were found at the same site.

The spirals date back to 900 - 700 BC, but that's all there is to know about them. Why they were made is a mystery. Scientists suggest that in the culture of the Bronze Age, the Sun was revered and attached great importance to gold, considering it the form of the sun embodied on Earth. Thus, it is likely that the spirals adorned the sacred robes of the priests.

3. Bone armor

Archaeologists in Russia have found unusual armor that was made from the bones of dead animals. Perhaps this is the work of the people of the Samus-Seima culture, whose representatives lived in the Altai mountains on the territory of modern Russia and Central Asia thousands of years ago. At some point, they migrated to the place where the Siberian city of Omsk is located today, where armor was discovered, the age of which ranges from 3500 to 3900 years.

Despite her age, she was found in "perfect condition". It probably belonged to some elite warrior, but archaeologists have no idea why someone buried such a unique item.

4. Mesoamerican mirrors

Mesoamericans once thought of mirrors as portals to alien worlds. Although reflective surfaces are ubiquitous today, 1000 years ago people worked up to 1,300 hours (160 days) to produce a conventional hand-held mirror. Researchers have found more than 50 of these mirrors in Arizona, most of them at an excavation site called Snaketown. The abundance of mirrors suggests that Snaketown was a very wealthy city that was inhabited by privileged members of society.

Unfortunately, the mirrors were in poor condition. Like other sacred things, they were to be cremated and buried with their owners. The researchers found that the mirrors were made of pyrite and richly decorated. Since there are no pyrite deposits in the territory of the modern state of Arizona, they suggested that the mirrors were imported from Mesoamerica.

5. The mysterious Sicilian monolith

Archaeologists recently discovered a giant monolith underwater off the coast of Sicily, reminiscent of the stones of Stonehenge. It is at a depth of 40 meters, weighs almost 15 tons and measures 12 meters in length. The monolith is at least 9,300 years old, almost twice as old as Stonehenge.

The purpose of its construction is not clear, but it is obvious that its production required a titanic effort. Remarkably, the monolith is made of stone that is not mined anywhere else in the vicinity. Today, this artifact, hiding under water, is divided into three parts, and three holes of unknown purpose were found in it.

6. Magic signs of the Tower of London

Standing on the north bank of the River Thames, the almost 1000-year-old Tower of London is a fortress that was once a palace, a repository of royal regalia and jewelry, an arsenal, a mint, etc. Interestingly, this fortress, since its construction in 1066 year William the First, constantly had magical protection.

Archaeologists and researchers at the Museum of London have discovered 54 magic signs throughout the Tower. Most of them are black vertical symbols 3-7 cm high, which were intended to ward off all forms of danger, including natural elements. Archaeologists have also discovered several demon traps, including mesh images.

7. Witch Island

The uninhabited island of Blo-Jungfrun has always enjoyed a bad reputation and was considered a paradise for witches, literally since the Mesolithic era. The island is located off the east coast of Sweden and is completely isolated from the rest of the world, so it is not surprising that for 9000 years, black magic practitioners have chosen it.

During archaeological research, caves have been found bearing traces of man-made intervention, in which unknown frightening rituals were performed. All of them had altars. The servants supposedly sacrificed them to propitiate their gods.

8. The Silver Scroll of Jerash

Thanks to the wonders of 3-D modeling, researchers were able to look inside the ancient scroll to read the inscriptions on it without damaging the fragile relic. This small silver scroll was found inside the amulet, where it lay for over 1000 years until it was found in a ruined house in 2014. The silver plates turned out to be very thin (only 0.01 cm), so they could not be deployed without damaging them.

After they were able to recreate 17 lines from the scroll using 3-D modeling, scientists saw an intriguing story of witchcraft. About 1,300 years ago, an unnamed sorcerer arrived in the city of Jerash to deal with some local problems. The first line of the spell on the scroll was written in a language resembling Greek, and then the text was written in a completely unknown language reminiscent of Arabic.

9. Egyptian voodoo and ushabti dolls

While voodoo dolls are generally regarded by the media as an African and Haitian invention, the first such figurines were found in ancient Egyptian magic. The fate that befell the specially made figurine, it is believed, also befell the person in whose likeness it was made. These little scarecrows were made to induce a variety of conditions, from curses to charms of love.

The famous ushabti figurines were often created for this purpose, but they had another purpose as well. The Egyptians knew that Osiris, the god of the dead, often used the dead for work in the afterlife. The Ushabti allegedly did this work for their masters. Some exceptionally lazy but wealthy people were found buried with ushabti every day of the year.

10. Coptic book of spells

Despite the fact that the ancient Egyptians were friends with common sense, they did not hesitate to turn to magic to solve everyday inconveniences. Many of their curses have been lost in history, but some have survived to this day, including the 1,300-year-old Coptic Handbook of Supernatural Ritual Power. Fortunately, the 20-page parchment booklet was written in Coptic, so scientists at Macquarie University in Australia managed to decipher it.

The codex contains 27 spells of varying utility, ranging from "good", old-fashioned love spells to induction of potentially deadly black jaundice. The Codex probably served as a pocketbook of spells. Among other things, he describes the challenge of Baktiota, a certain mystical figure with divine powers who presides over the meetings of the snakes. The codex also speaks of Seth, the third son of Adam and Eve, and Jesus. Researchers speculate that the handbook was written around the seventh century by the Sethians, a sect of Christian heretical mystics.

Archaeologists today find many different ancient artifacts around the world. But especially interesting exhibits are found in such amazing places as.

Humanity has always been interested in eternal questions about how many years our civilization has existed, are we alone in the Universe and what was before the appearance of people on Earth? Has anyone thought about how the age of important finds found in archaeological expeditions is established?

Conventions in dating

There are several methods for determining the dating of extant historical artifacts, but none of them is accurate. And the most reliable radiocarbon method, it was found, will determine the age only for the last two thousand years.

Therefore, many experts argue that the dating known to us is more than conditional, and the scientists of the world have found themselves in a real impasse due to the impossibility of accurately establishing a clear chronology of human development. It is possible that the historical facts known to everyone will have to be considered anew, rewriting many chapters of civilization, seemingly unshakable truths.

Ignoring evidence that undermines the theory of human evolution

Modern scientists set the boundaries of the evolution of mankind in the last few millennia, and before that, according to authoritative researchers, it lasted an indefinite amount of time.

Surprisingly, science ignores the recorded archaeological artifacts that do not fit into the history of the development of life on Earth, helping to look skeptically at the well-established theory of chronology.

Let's talk about the amazing finds found in various parts of our planet, causing shock not only for the layman, but also for well-known researchers who do not want to take them into account as not fitting into the established framework.

Man-made products embedded in rocks

One of the most famous finds are objects made by human hands, which turned out to be walled up in a stone monolith, which is several million years old. For example, strange artifacts were found in limestone and coal mines in the late 19th century.

Then a small note appeared in the American press about the found gold chain, literally soldered into the rock. According to the most conservative assumptions of scientists, the age of the block was more than 250 million years. And in a scientific journal, an article about a very strange find passed almost unnoticed - two halves of a vessel like a modern vase, decorated with flowers, were found after an explosion in a quarry. Geologists who carefully studied the rock in which the mysterious object was located, found that it was about 600 million years old.

Such unusual artifacts, unfortunately, are hushed up by scientists, because they jeopardize the theory of the origin of a person who could not live at that time. Found objects that violate generally accepted truths about evolution are much easier to ignore than to try to explain them from a scientific point of view.

Chandar plate

Unique artifacts appear quite often, but they are not always known to the general public. One of the last sensations that surprised all scientists was a huge stone slab found in Bashkiria, called Chandarskaya, on the surface of which a relief map of the area was drawn. There is no image of modern roads on it, but instead of them incomprehensible areas are carved, later recognized as airfields.

The age of the monolith weighing one ton was so amazing that the find was announced as a gift from aliens who wanted to inhabit our planet. In any case, there was no clear explanation from scientists how the relief outlines of a map of the region appeared on a block whose age is determined at 50 million years.

Denial of highly developed civilization

Skeptics fiercely argued with the scientific brethren, who defended the version of aliens, explaining all the strange finds with a single hypothesis - the existence of a highly developed civilization that died as a result of some kind of catastrophe, but left descendants a real reminder of itself. True, modern science harshly denies such assumptions, breaking the framework of the supposed human evolution, declaring such artifacts to be fakes or referring to their manufacture by extraterrestrial civilizations.

Physicist and researcher V. Shemshuk even rightly spoke about this, entering into confrontation with modern science: "Many finds - historical artifacts confirming the existence of ancient civilizations, are declared hoaxes or refer to the activities of alien beings."

Strange underground passages

Archaeologists from all over the world have accumulated enough material that does not fit well with the concept of the development of life on Earth. Expeditions to the territory of Ecuador and Peru are known, which discovered an ancient labyrinth of many kilometers deep underground.

Research by archaeologists was recognized as a real sensation, but at present access to the anomalous territory is prohibited by local authorities, who do not want to share the most intimate with the whole world.

Secrets of the labyrinth, paved with highly developed technologies

The leaders of the group believe that they have encountered a real one which has not been solved to this day. Having passed a huge network, scientists discovered a huge hall in which statues of animals, including dinosaurs, made of real gold were located. In a huge cave, reminiscent of a library, ancient manuscripts were kept with the thinnest sheets of metal, on which unknown letters were engraved. In the center of the far hall sat a strange figure with a helmet pulled down over his eyes, and an unusual capsule with holes in it hung around his neck, reminiscent of a dial-up telephone dial.

It should be noted that there is no reliable evidence other than descriptions by archaeologists, and the leaders of the expedition refused to give the exact location of the labyrinth, worried about its safety.

Unknown origin of the underground labyrinth

After such unusual confessions about the existence of an amazing underground world, other groups went to the area, but only Polish scientists managed to find it and get inside a strange labyrinth. Several boxes with exhibits were taken out, but no gold sculptures and books written in a language unknown to science were found in the spacious underground halls.

However, the main result of all underground research was the confirmation of the existence of a multi-kilometer labyrinth, laid with the help of high technologies, which could not have been applied several millennia ago. Inexplicable, but true: no one can shed light on the origin of the underground passages, access to which is now closed.

The official "countdown" of the development of civilization in question

Few people know about the existence of "forbidden" archeology, the founder of which is M. Cremo. The American anthropologist and researcher officially announced that, on the basis of the data available to him, civilization arose much earlier than official science says.

He mentions geologists during excavations in the Urals, which do not fit into the standard concepts of evolution. Unexplained artifacts were found at a depth of about 12 meters in soil layers, the age of which is established in the range from 20 to 100 thousand years. Miniature strange spirals not exceeding three millimeters in size were found in untouched soil layers, which was immediately recorded by the geological leadership in order to avoid further talk about falsification of objects.

Amazing composition of spirals

Ancient artifacts surprised with their composition: the spirals were made of copper, tungsten and molybdenum. The latter is used today to harden steel products, and its melting point is about 2600 degrees.

A logical question arises about how our ancestors were able to process the smallest parts made in mass production, because they did not have the appropriate special equipment. Many scientists are inclined to believe that even today, with the use of high technologies, it is unrealistic to put the release of millimeter spirals on stream.

At the first glance at small details, an association arises with nanoparticles used in microequipment, and some developments of our scientists of this kind are not even completed. It turns out that archaeological artifacts that do not fit into the history of the development of mankind were made at a production facility whose technical level is an order of magnitude higher than the modern one.

Was there a supercivilization?

Many researchers were engaged in the finds, admitting that tungsten cannot independently take a spiral shape, and we are talking here about molecular technologies that could not be used by our ancestors.

There is only one answer - the excavations of archaeologists once again stirred up talk that before us there was a supercivilization with powerful knowledge and high technologies.

Newspapers don't write about these findings, and few people know about the research of scientists. However, the "forbidden" archeology has ample evidence confirming that in prehistoric times, superhumans (or aliens) lived on our planet, and the age of mankind is ten times older than it is believed today.

Elongated skulls

World science is afraid of sensations that will question the immutable truths about the stages of evolution, trying to hide unexplained artifacts. However, some of them, like the elongated skulls, are becoming famous.

In Antarctica, archaeologists have discovered human remains that have come as a surprise in the scientific world. On a continent that was considered uninhabited until the modern era, strange elongated skulls were found that are turning over the views of human history. Most likely, they belonged to a mysterious group of people who differed in physical parameters from ordinary representatives of the race.

Earlier, the same skulls were found in Egypt and Peru, which confirms the version of contact between civilizations.

Shigir idol

At the end of the 19th century, not far from Yekaterinburg, an amazing archaeological monument was discovered, made, according to scientists, in the Mesolithic era. as scientists called it, has no analogues in the whole world. The oldest wooden sculpture is well preserved due to the fact that it was in a peat bog, which protected it from decay.

Ancient artifacts of Guatemala

Found a giant head of a man with delicate features and eyes directed to the sky. The appearance of the monument, which looked like a white man, was strikingly different from the representatives of the pre-Hispanic civilization.

It is believed that the head also had a torso, but nothing can be known for sure, since the statue was used during the revolution as a target for shooting, and all features were destroyed. The statue is not a fake, but questions about who created it and why remain unanswered for a long time.

A disc that can only be viewed under a microscope

In Colombia, a disc was discovered made of a durable material, the surface of which shocked all researchers. All stages of the birth and birth of a person were applied on it. It is inexplicable, but true: the images of the processes are drawn with pinpoint accuracy, they can only be viewed under a microscope. The "genetic" disk is at least six thousand years old, and it is not clear how such a relief was made without appropriate instruments.

The strange-looking human heads are different from ordinary images, and researchers are wondering what kind these people belong to. Archaeological artifacts that do not fit into history raise many questions. It is already clear that our ancestors, the authors of this disc, possessed perfect knowledge, which is evidenced by the application of microscopic drawings.

An aircraft with an unusual wing shape

Colombia is rich in amazing archaeological finds, and one of them, the most famous, is a plane made of real gold. Its age is about a thousand years. It is surprising that the shape of the wing of a strange object does not occur naturally in birds. It is not known where our ancestors took the special structure of aircraft, which seemed very unusual to contemporaries.

Interesting artifacts stored in Colombian museums interested American designers, who created the famous supersonic aircraft with the same deltoid wing as the find.

Ica stones

Drawings on boulders found in the province of Peru contradict the theory of the origin of humanity. It was not possible to determine their age, but the first mentions of them are known in the 15th century.

The volcanic rock, processed to smoothness, is covered with drawings in which people come into contact with dinosaurs, which, according to modern science, is simply impossible.

Shot through Neanderthal Skull

Keeps archaeological artifacts that do not fit into the history of the development of modern mankind. And one of such incomprehensible objects is the skull of an ancient man with a hole from a weapon.

But who, more than 35 thousand years ago, could have owned a gun with gunpowder, which was invented much later?

The version of M. Cremo, who spoke about the "forbidden" archeology

All of this kind do not fit into the harmonious theory of evolution of Darwin. The same one in his book provides convincing evidence that destroys modern ideas about the age of humanity. For more than eight years, the researcher has been engaged in the discovery of unique artifacts, having made his stunning conclusions.

In his opinion, all the finds indicate that the first civilizations originated about six million years ago and that creatures similar to people lived on Earth. However, scientists are silent about all artifacts that contradict the official version.

It is argued that man appeared a hundred thousand years ago, and not earlier. “Only when I am presented with convincing data on how the structure of the monkeys' DNA changed, so that in the end there were people, I will believe Darwin. But so far not a single scientist has done this, ”said the American archaeologist.

There is enough evidence in the world confirming the existence of highly developed civilizations before the appearance of modern man. While these artifacts are carefully hidden, but I want to believe that soon "forbidden" knowledge will be revealed to everyone and the true history of mankind will cease to be secret.

Mysterious artifacts of ancient civilizations are located in the Nazca desert, represented by huge drawings. Amazing geoglyphs appeared in 200 BC, covering vast areas off the coast of Peru. Engraved on sandy ground, they illustrate animals and geometric shapes.

Images also represented by lines are very similar to landing strips. The Nazca people, who created the wonderful drawings, did not leave any records about the purpose of the large-scale images. Perhaps due to their prehistoric era, they had not yet discovered the benefits of a written language, or they were being held back by something else.

Not advanced enough for a written language, they nevertheless left a great mystery to future civilizations. We still think about how such complex projects were implemented at that time.

Some theorists believe that the Nazca lines represent constellations and correlate with the location of the stars. It is also assumed that geoglyphs were to be viewed from the skies, and some lines form airstrips for alien visitors to Earth.

Another thing amazes us, if the "artists" themselves did not have the opportunity to view images from the sky, then how did the Nazca peoples create absolutely symmetrical images? In the absence of records from that time, we have no plausible explanation other than the involvement of extraterrestrial technology.

GIANT FINGER OF EGYPT.

The artifact, 35 centimeters long, according to legend, was discovered in the 1960s in Egypt. Researcher of the unknown Gregor Sporri, having met the owner of the artifact in 1988, paid $ 300 to photograph the finger and take an X-ray. There is even an X-ray image of the finger as well as an authenticity stamp.

Original photograph taken in 1988

However, not a single scientist studied the finger, and the person who owned the artifact, leaving no opportunity to hear the details. This may contribute to the fact that the giant's finger is a hoax, or it may indicate the civilization of giants that lived on the earth in front of us.

STONE DISCS OF THE TRIBE OF DROPA.

As reported in the history of the artifact, Cho Pu Tei, a professor of archeology (is a real archaeologist) of Beijing, was on an expedition with his students to explore caves deep in the Himalayan mountains. Located between Tibet and China, a number of caves were clearly man-made as they consisted of tunnel systems and rooms.

Small skeletons were in the cells of the rooms, talking about the dwarf culture. Professor Tei suggested that they are an undocumented species of mountain gorilla. True, the ritual burial was very embarrassing.

Hundreds of discs with a diameter of 30.5 centimeters with perfect holes in the center were also found here. Researchers, having studied the paintings on the walls of the cave, came to the conclusion that the age is 12,000 years. The mysterious purpose of the discs dates back to the same age.

Sent to Peking University, the Dropa discs (as they were called) have been studied for 20 years. Many researchers and scholars have tried to decipher the letters engraved on the discs, which were unsuccessful.

Professor Tsum Um Nui from Beijing, examining the discs in 1958, came to the conclusion about an unknown language that had not appeared anywhere before. The engraving itself was so skillful that it required a magnifying glass to read. All the results of the decryption went into the area of \u200b\u200bextraterrestrial origin of artifacts.

Tribal Legend: Ancient Drops descended from the clouds. Our ancestors, women and children hid in caves ten times before sunrise. When the fathers finally understood the sign language, they found out that those who came had peaceful intentions.

ARTEFACT, 500,000 YEARS OLD SPARK PLUG.

In 1961, a very strange artifact was discovered in the Coso Mountains, California. Looking for additions to their exhibit, the owners of a small gem store went to collect several pieces. However, they were lucky to find not just a valuable stone or a rare fossil, but a real mechanical artifact of ancient times.

The mysterious mechanical device looked like a modern car spark plug. Analysis and X-ray inspection revealed a porcelain filling containing copper rings, a steel spring and a magnetic bar on the inside. Complementing the mystery is the unidentifiable, powdery white substance inside.

After conducting research on the artifact and marine fossils covering the surface, it turned out that the artifact "petrified" about 500,000 years ago.

However, scientists were in no hurry to analyze the artifact. Probably, they feared accidentally refuting the generally accepted theories, saying that we are not the first technologically advanced civilization. Either the planet was indeed a popular place among aliens, often repaired on Earth.

ANTIKITER'S MECHANISM.

In the last century, divers cleaned up ancient Greek treasures at the wreckage of the Antikythera ship dating from 100 BC. Among the artifacts, they found 3 parts of a mysterious device. The device had bronze triangular prongs and is believed to have been used to track the complex movements of the moon and other planets.

The mechanism used a differential gear consisting of over 30 gears of different sizes with triangular teeth, which were always counted to prime numbers. It is believed that if all teeth are proven to be prime numbers, then they can clarify the astronomical secrets of the ancient Greeks.

The antikythera mechanism had a knob that allowed the user to enter past and future dates and then calculate the positions of the sun and moon. The use of differential gears made it possible to calculate angular velocities and calculate lunar cycles.

No other artifacts discovered since this time are advanced. Instead of using a geocentric representation, the mechanism was built on heliocentric principles, which were not common at the time. It seems that the ancient Greeks were able to independently build the world's first analog computer.

Alexander Jones, a historian, deciphering some of the inscriptions said: the device used colored balls to represent the Sun, Mars and the Moon. Well, from the inscriptions we found out where the device was created, but no one said how it was done. Is it possible that the Greeks knew more about the solar system and technology than we previously thought?

AIRCRAFT OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS.

Egypt is not a unique place for theories of ancient aliens and high technology. In Central and South America, small pieces of gold have been discovered dating back to 500 AD. era.

More precisely, dating is a kind of challenge, since the items are entirely made of gold, so the date was estimated using the stratigraphy method. This may trick some people into creating the notion of a hoax, but the artifacts are at least 1,000 years old.

Artifacts are interesting for their amazing resemblance to ordinary aircraft for us. Archaeologists have designated the finds as zoomorphic for their resemblance to animals. However, comparing them with birds and fish (which have similar characteristics from the point of view of animals) seems to be drawn to the desired conclusion. In any case, such a comparison raises great doubts.

Why are they so similar to planes? They have wings, stabilizing elements and landing gears that have encouraged researchers to recreate one of the ancient figures.

Created to scale but accurate in proportion, this ancient artifact appears to be very similar to a modern fighter jet. After reconstruction, it was documented that the plane, although not very good in aerodynamic terms, but it flew wonderfully.

Is it possible that ancient astronauts visited us 1000 years ago and left behind the design solutions of what we now call "airplanes"? In addition, the aerodynamic characteristics on the home planet of the “guests” may differ from terrestrial conditions.

Perhaps this is a model of a space shuttle (by the way, we are designing the same shape). Or is it more plausible to think that the artifact represents an overly inaccurate image of birds and bees?

The ancient world may have been in contact with many alien races, as evidenced by the rich collection of stories detailing the encounters. Many cultures, thousands of years apart, contain stories of flying objects and technology so advanced that it seems to us a hoax.

How were these items created? By whom? And most importantly - why?

Eldar Khaliulin

As you know, fact is a stubborn thing. And even more stubborn is an artifact (in the sense in which this word is used in computer games, that is, an artificially created object that exists despite scientific delusions about the world order). In fact, any human-made object can be considered an artifact. Even an ordinary pushpin. Archaeologists all over the world annually excavate hundreds of artifacts from the ground. And yet, we, non-specialists, are somehow more accustomed to mean mystical objects, sacred relics or objects of mysterious origin by this word. By the way, many artifacts that are familiar to you from adventure films have caused nervous breakdowns in hundreds of scientists on the planet. After all, these things exist and are not really explained in any way! We tried to unravel their secrets. In this we were helped by Aleksey Vyazemsky, Candidate of Historical Sciences, who looked at our collection with a skeptical gaze, after which he poked in plenty (his dissenting opinion is encrypted in this article under the code words "The voice of a skeptic").

In scientific circles, this subject is better known as "Mitchell Hedges". It was his story that formed the basis for the fresh Spielberg blockbuster about the anti-Soviet adventures of Indiana Jones. But it was like this: in 1924 in Central America, an expedition led by Frederick Albert Mitchell-Hedges excavated the ancient Mayan city of Lubaantuna in search of traces of the Atlantean civilization. Frédéric's adopted daughter, Anne Marie Le Guillon, discovered an object under the rubble of the altar. When it was taken out into the light, it turned out to be a skull, skillfully made of rock crystal. Its dimensions are quite comparable to the natural dimensions of the skull of an adult woman - approximately 13 x 18 x 13 cm, but it is unlikely that some absent-minded Cinderella lost this crystal contraption. The find weighs just over 5 kg. The skull lacked the lower jaw, but it was soon found nearby and inserted into its proper place - something like hinges were provided in the design.

What's the mystery

In 1970, the skull underwent a series of tests at the Hewlett-Packard Research Laboratory, which was renowned for its advanced technologies in the processing of natural quartz. The results have discouraged scientists. It turned out that the skull is made of a solid (!) Crystal, consisting of three intergrowths, which in itself pulls a sensation, since it is impossible even with the modern development of technology. In the process of creation, the crystal had to fall apart due to the internal stress of the material. But the most amazing thing is that no traces of any instruments were found on the surface of the skull! It seems like he just grew up on his own. It soon became clear that there were other artificial skulls made from natural quartz. All of them are inferior to the Skull of Destiny in quality of execution, but they are also considered the heritage of the Aztecs and Mayans. One is in the British Museum, another in Paris, a third from amethyst in Tokyo, Max's skull in Texas, and the most massive in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. In addition, indefatigable researchers have unearthed a legend according to which there have been 13 crystal skulls associated with the cult of the Goddess of Death since ancient times. They came to the Indians from the Atlanteans (who would doubt it!). Skulls are guarded by specially trained warriors and priests, passing from generation to generation and making sure that the artifacts are stored in different places. At first they were with the Olmecs, then with the Mayans, from which they passed to the Aztecs. And at the very end of the fifth cycle according to the long-term Mayan calendar (that is, in 2014), it is these objects that will help save humanity from an imminent catastrophe, if people figure out what to do with them. The previous 4 civilizations did not come up with the idea and were destroyed by disasters and cataclysms. It seems that the crystal skulls are something like an ancient supercomputer that will go into action if all its components are collected in one place. And more than 13 skulls have already been found. What to do ?!

Skeptic's voice

Virtually every crystal skull was initially thought to be Aztec or Mayan. And yet, some of them (for example, the British and the Parisian ones) were found to be fakes: experts found traces of processing with modern jewelry tools. The Parisian exhibit is made of Alpine crystal and, most likely, was born in the 19th century in the German town of Idar-Oberstein, whose jewelers are famous for their skill in processing precious stones. The problem is that there is no technology yet that could be used to confidently determine the age of natural quartz. So scientists have to navigate the traces of tools and the geographical origin of minerals. So all crystal skulls, in the end, may turn out to be the creations of the masters of the XIX-XX centuries. There is a version that the Skull of Destiny is just a birthday present for Anna. It could well have been thrown to her by her father in the manner of Christmas surprises, but not under the tree, but under the ancient altar. Anna, who died in 2007 at the age of 100, said in an interview that the skull was found on the day of her 17th birthday, that is, in 1924. Mitchell-Hedges, the treasure hunter of Atlantis, may be the author of all this exciting story.

They were found in Peru, near the city of Ica. There are a lot of stones - tens of thousands. The first mentions of them are found in the chronicles of the 16th century. On each of the stones there is a drawing depicting in detail a scene from the life of ancient people.

What's the mystery

There are drawings showing horses that became extinct on the American continent hundreds of thousands of years ago. There are riders on the horses. The other rocks show scenes of hunting ... for dinosaurs! Or, for example, heart transplant surgery. As well as stars, sun and other planets. At the same time, numerous examinations confirm that the stones are ancient, they are also found in pre-Hispanic burials. And the official science with all its might pretends that the Ica stones do not exist, or calls them modern fakes. Who would think of applying images to tens of thousands of stones, and even carefully bury them in the ground ?! This is absurd!

Skeptic's voice

All journalistic publications about the Ica stones say that examinations have confirmed the authenticity of these artifacts. But for some reason, the data of expert examinations are never presented. It turns out that all sorts of ufologists and atlantologists are proposing to seriously study these cobblestones only on the grounds that no one would even think of faking them. But the sale of Ica stones is a lucrative business, which the Ikiots ... Ikiots ... in short, the locals are willingly engaged in. Well, and some "scientists" too. Why not assume that they have collectively put the production of profitable goods on stream? Or is it too absurd idea too?

It was first known as the "Blue Crown Diamond" and "French Blue". In 1820, it was acquired by the banker Henry Hope. The stone is now kept at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington.

What's the mystery

The most famous diamond in the world has earned the ill fame of a bloodthirsty stone: almost all of its owners since the 17th century did not die by their own death. Including the unfortunate French queen Marie Antoinette ...

Skeptic's voice

Imagine, the Russian grand dukes and tsars, from Ivan Kalita to Peter the Great, were crowned with the Monomakh's hat. And they all died too! Many - not by their own death, but from various diseases! Scary, isn't it? Here it is, the curse of Monomakh! Moreover, the fact of life, death and contact with this killer hat in each case can be confirmed by documents, in contrast to the biographies of other Hope owners. Among them, by the way, there are those who have lived a completely prosperous life, Louis XIV for example. You can also derive an equation in which the life of the owner of the diamond is inversely proportional to the size of the gem. But this is already from another area ...

In 1929, in Istanbul's Topkapi Palace, a fragment of a world map was found on the skin of a gazelle. The document is dated 1513 and signed in the name of the Turkish admiral Piri ibn Haji Mamed, and later became known as the Piri Reis card ("flight" in Turkish means "lord"). And in 1956, a Turkish naval officer donated it to the American Naval Hydrographic Office, after which the subject was thoroughly researched.

What's the mystery

The most amazing thing is not even the fact that the map shows the eastern coast of South America in detail (this is only 20 years after the first voyage of Columbus!). Before the inquisitive gaze of scientists appeared a medieval document - the authenticity is beyond doubt - a document that clearly depicts Antarctica. But it was opened only in 1818! And this is far from the only mystery of the map: the coast of Antarctica is depicted as if the continent is free of ice (the age of which is from 6 to 12 thousand years). In this case, the outline of the coastline is consistent with the seismographic data of the Swedish-British expedition in 1949. Piri Reis, making a map, honestly admitted in his notes that he used several cartographic sources, including very ancient ones, from the time of Alexander the Great. But how could the ancients know about Antarctica? Of course, from the supercivilization of the Atlanteans! This is exactly the conclusion that enthusiasts like Charles Hapgood came to, while the representatives of official science shyly kept silent. They remain silent to this day. Many other similar maps were also found, including, for example, those drawn by Oronteus Finneus (1531) and Mercator (1569). The data given in them can only be explained by the fact that there was a certain primary source. From it, cartographers copied information about those places that they simply could not know about. And the compilers of this ancient primary source knew that the Earth is a ball, accurately represented the length of the equator and mastered the basics of spherical trigonometry.

Skeptic's voice

If you believe the Piri Reis map (or rather, the mysterious primary source), Antarctica in ancient times was located differently, and this difference is about 3000 kilometers. Neither paleontologists nor geologists have information about such a global continental shift, which happened about 12 thousand years ago. In addition, the ice-free coastline of Antarctica simply cannot match up to date. During icing, it should have changed significantly. So the map of the unknown continent is most likely the speculation of the ancient author, which, by a happy coincidence, approximately coincided with reality, or another modern fake.

From time to time, perfectly round balls are found in different places on the planet. They have different sizes - from 0.1 to 3 meters. Sometimes there are strange inscriptions and drawings on the balls. The most mysterious are the balls found in Costa Rica.

What's the mystery

It is not known who made them, why and how. The ancient people clearly could not grind them to such a round shape! Maybe these are messages from other civilizations? Or maybe the balls were carved by the Atlanteans, who encoded important information into them?

Skeptic's voice

Geologists believe that such round objects may well be obtained in a natural, natural way. For example, if a stone falls into a pit located in the bed of a mountain stream, the water will round it with a current to a round state. And inscriptions with pictures are not only on stones, but also on the walls of elevators and fences. And, as a rule, they are autographs of contemporaries.

The resta was discovered in the 19th century in Quintana Roo (Yucatan). It is known that the Maya, long before the appearance of Christians in Mesoamerica, revered their symbol, in any case, the ancient Temple of the Cross has been preserved in Palenque. By the way, this is why the aborigines during the Spanish colonization reacted favorably to Christianity.

What's the mystery

According to legend, a huge cross carved from wood suddenly spoke in 1847 in the village of Chan. He called the Indians - the descendants of the Mayans - to a holy war against whites. He continued to cast his voice, leading the Indians during military operations. Two more similar speaking objects soon appeared. The village of Chan became the Indian capital of Chan Santa Cruz, where the sanctuary of the crosses was erected. In 1901, the Mexicans managed to capture the sacred capital, but the Mayans managed to carry their legs and crosses to the selva. The struggle for independence continued. Historians call these events the war between the Mexican government and the state of the Krusob Indians - "the Country of Talking Crosses." In 1915, the Indians fought back Chan Santa Cruz, and one of the crosses spoke again. He called for the killing of every white man who wanders into Indian lands. The war ended only in 1935 with the recognition of the independence of the Indians on the basis of broad autonomy. The Mayan descendants believe that they won thanks to the speaking crosses, which still stand in the sanctuary of the current capital of Champon, but already in silence. The cult of the three "speaking crosses" still remains the official religion of the free Indians.

Skeptic's voice

This phenomenon can have at least two explanations. First, it is known that the Indians of Mexico in their rituals often used the drug peyote. Under its influence, you can conduct conversations not only with a wooden cross, but also with your own tomahawk. But seriously, the art of ventriloquism has been known for a long time. For many nations, it was owned by priests and clergy. Even an inexperienced ventriloquist is quite capable of uttering a couple of simple phrases like: "Kill all the whites!" or "Bring more tequila!" We should also not forget that none of the modern scientists has yet heard from the "speaking crosses" a single word, even obscene.

What's the mystery

On a four-meter canvas (length - 4.3 meters, width - 1.1 meters), a clear image of a person is visible. More precisely, two symmetrical images, located "head to head". One of the images is a man lying with his hands folded just below the abdomen, the other is the same man, view from the back. The images are similar to the negative of photographic film and show through clearly on the fabric. There are traces of bruising from the blows of whips, from a crown of thorns on the head and a wound in the left side, as well as bloody marks on the wrists and soles of the feet (presumably from nails). All details of the image correspond to the Gospel testimonies of the martyrdom of Christ. Physicists and lyricists (in the sense of historians) fought over the secret shroud. Some of them then became believers. The shroud was shone through with infrared rays, studied under powerful microscopes, analyzed the pollen found in the tissue - in a word, what they did not do, but until now none of the scientists could explain how and with what these images were made. They are NOT painted with paints. They did NOT appear as a result of radiation exposure (there was such a fantastic hypothesis). Radiocarbon analysis, carried out in 1988, showed that the time of the creation of the shroud was in the XII-XIV centuries. However, the Russian doctor of technical sciences Anatoly Fesenko explained that the carbon composition of linen could "rejuvenate". The fact is that after the fire, the fabric was cleaned with hot oil or even boiled in oil, so carbon from the 16th century got into it, which was the reason for the incorrect dating. There are other facts confirming that this is not medieval, but more ancient and generally not made by hands. Miracle?!

Skeptic's voice

It's time to become like Rene Descartes, who once reasoned logically that being a believer is safer than an atheist, since you can get a death ticket to heaven. After all, God (if he exists) will be pleased that you believed in him. But while you are still alive, take a look at scientific articles and read that the Jews wrapped the dead not in shroud, but in burial shroud. That is, they were bandaged with ribbons using aromatic resins and substances. This is exactly what they did to Christ after his death, which is recorded in the Gospel of John. Therefore, there is no need to talk about the absolute correspondence of the images of the shroud to the Gospel testimonies. Moreover, the departed sons and daughters of Israel were never laid in the pose of a football player standing in a "wall". The tradition of drawing people with their hands shyly folded on their genitals appeared after the 11th century, and in Europe. It remains to add that many serious scientists just do not doubt the data of the radiocarbon analysis carried out by three independent laboratories. Taking into account all the calculations of Fesenko, it is possible to add another 40 years to the age of the shroud, even 100, but not more than a thousand. And one more interesting detail: shortly before the appearance of this artifact, that is, in the XIII-XIV centuries, there were 43 (!) Shroud in Europe. The owner of each one surely swore that he had the same one, the true one, which was handed over personally to almost Joseph of Arimathea himself.

Looking for Baba?

There are also artifacts that have not yet been found by anyone. It's up to you!

Holy grail

In theory, this is an unpretentious cup in which the blood of the crucified Christ was collected. In reality, it can look anything, because it is a classic something-which-cannot-be-be. Most likely, the Grail simply does not exist, it is a literary myth.

Ark of the Covenant

Something like a massive box with the Tablets of the Covenant and the 10 Commandments on them. Be especially careful with this object: it is believed that anyone who touches it immediately dies.

Golden woman

According to the medieval geographer Mercator, it is located somewhere in Siberia. This is a figurine (or maybe a statue) of the Finno-Ugric goddess Yumala. She is credited with supernatural properties. Adventurers are also attracted to the metal from which it is made. Yes, yes, this is the purest gold. We can say not a woman, but a treasure!

Photo: APP / East News; Corbis / RGB; Alamy / Photas.