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1. Formation of creative views Astrid Lindgren
Astrid Lindgren (November 14, 1907 - January 28, 2002, Stockholm), Swedish writer. Stories for children "Pippi - Long Stocking" (1945-52), about Little Boy and Carlson (1955-68), "Rasmus the Tramp" (1956), about Emil from Lenneberg (1963-1970), "Brothers Lionheart" (1979), "Ronya, the robber's daughter" (1981) are imbued with humanism. The fantastic adventures of its heroes, distinguished by their spontaneity, curiosity and mischief, take place in the real world with its sharp contradictions.
Lindgren was born into a family of farmers "in an old red house at the bottom of an apple orchard." Even at school she was predicted the future of the writer, calling her "The Seventh Lagerlef with Vimmerby"; she promised herself not to write, just not to be like someone else. In 1941, her daughter fell ill and, when her mother had used up the entire store of stories, she asked, giving an unexpectedly strange name: "Tell me about Pippi Long Stocking." The unusual name made me come up with the most unusual heroine. But Lindgren was in no hurry to publish the story.
In 1944, she fell ill herself and processed her oral stories, giving one copy to her daughter, and sending the second to the publishing house. As Lindgren had hoped, the publishing house, shocked by the extraordinary character and abilities of the heroine, who can raise a horse with one hand and eat a whole cake at once, and, in addition, laughs at benefactors and generally behaves amazingly, rejected the manuscript. But in 1945, Lindgren won an award for the book Britt-Marie's Heart Clasped, then the following year, the revised version of Peppy was removed. The Adventures of the Famous Investigator Kalle Blumkvist (1946) was the next book to be awarded the prize again.
Lindgren became a professional writer. She believed that childhood gave her the material that later entered her works. Tramps, who repeatedly asked to sleep with her parents, made her think in childhood that not all people have their own roof, their stories expanded her worldview, taught to see that the world is inhabited not only by good people. The theme of the struggle between good and evil, one of the leading in her works, was born even then. The writer believed that “you can't sit and make up some stories. You need to immerse yourself in your own childhood. " Only then can you write something that will awaken the child's fantasy. And she considered this the most important task of literature, only inherent in it, because neither cinema nor television leaves room for imagination.
Imagination, Lindgren quite rightly believed, is the most important ability of mankind, "after all, everything great that ever appeared in this world was born first in the human imagination." In addition, a book for children should develop children's faith in the ability to create a miracle, in its very existence. But the miracle in Lindgren's works is always born out of reality itself, as in the story of Little Boy and Carlson, who lives on the roof.
Lindgren did not openly express her program, but tried to contribute to the democratization of public relations with her creativity, she wanted to see a world without war, where children would not suffer. She wrote for children, and therefore her ideas take on a form that children can understand. So, in the tale-story "Mio, my Mio!" the hero opposes the evil knight Kato, and the Lionheart brother fights against the tyrant Tengil. In the works of Lindgren, about medieval times, it is not only about the struggle between good and evil, as in all fairy tales of all times. In the features of the enemies of the writer's goodies and in the descriptions of the countries they rule, the features of fascism are clearly visible, and the characters themselves are similar to modern Swedes.
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The specificity of Lindgren's fabulous skill lies in the fact that she created fairy tales where real modern boys and girls suddenly acquire fabulous properties, like the poor, abandoned girl Peppy ...
Science fiction in fairy tales by Astrid Lindgren
The largest works of Lindgren are fairy tales: "Pippi Longstocking" ("Boken om Pippi Langs-trump", 1945-1946), "Mio, my Mio" (1954), "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Dxy" (" Lillebror och Karlsson pa Taket ", 1955 - 1968)," Brothers Lionheart "(" Brodema Lejon-hjarta ", 1973) ...
I have long wanted to keep in my journal an article by Oleg Fochkin about the life of Astrid Lindgren and excerpts from her childhood memories. Supplemented with photographs.
Here, I save :)
And I advise you to read it to those who have not read it yet - it was written very interestingly and with great love!
(1907 - 2002)
One of the minor planets is named after Astrid Lindgren.
"Call me now" Asteroid Lindgren "- she joked upon learning about such an unusual act of confession.
The children's writer became the first woman to whom a monument was erected during her lifetime - it is located in the center of Stockholm, and Astrid was present at the opening ceremony.
The Swedes have called their compatriot "the woman of the century".
Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren is the most famous Swedish children's writer.
She has written 87 children's books and most of them have been translated into Russian. In particular, these are:
- "Pippi Longstocking"
- "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof"
- "Emil from Lönneberg"
- "Brothers Lionheart"
- "Roni, the robber's daughter"
- "The famous detective Kalle Blumkvist"
- "We are all from Bullerby"
- "Rasmus the Tramp"
- "Lotta from Gorlastaya Street"
In 1957, Lindgren became the first children's writer to receive the Swedish State Prize for Literary Achievement. Astrid has received such a number of awards and prizes that it is simply impossible to list them all.
Among the most important:
- Prize named after Hans Christian Andersen, which is called the "minor Nobel";
- Lewis Carroll Award;
- awards from UNESCO and various governments;
- Leo Tolstoy International Gold Medal;
- Silver Bear (for the film "Ronnie, the Robber's Daughter").
Astrid Lindgren, née Ericsson, was born into a farming family on November 14, 1907 in the small town of Vimmerby in the province of Småland, in southern Sweden.
As Lindgren herself later writes in the collection of autobiographical sketches "My inventions", she grew up in the age of the horse and the convertible. The family's main means of transportation was a horse-drawn carriage, the pace of life was slower, entertainment was simpler, and the relationship with the surrounding nature was much closer than today.
And since childhood, the future great storyteller loved nature very much, having no idea how one can live without this amazing world.
Childhood passed under the banner of endless games - exciting, exciting, sometimes risky and in no way inferior to boyish fun. Astrid Lindgren kept her passion for climbing trees until her very old age. "The Law of Moses, thank God, does not forbid old women to climb trees", - she used to say, she used to be in old age, overcoming another tree.
She was the second child of Samuel August Eriksson and his wife Hannah. My father rented a farm in Nes, a pastor's estate on the very outskirts of the town. In addition to her older brother Gunnar, Astrid soon had two sisters - Stina and Ingegerd.
Astrid's parents met when her father was thirteen and her mother was twelve, and have loved each other ever since.
They felt deep affection for each other and for the children. And most importantly, they were not ashamed of these feelings, which by the standards of that time was very rare, if not even a challenge to society.
The writer fondly told about this time and special relations in the family in her only "adult" book "Samuel August from Sevedstorp and Hannah from Hult".
As a child, Astrid Lindgren was surrounded by folklore, and many jokes, fairy tales, stories that she heard from her father or from friends later formed the basis of her own works.
Love for books and reading, as she later admitted, arose in the kitchen of Christine, with whom she was friends. It was Christine who introduced Astrid to the wonderful world of fairy tales.
The girl grew up on books that were completely different from her own future works: on the sugary Elsa Beskow, on lacquered recordings of folk tales, on moralizing stories for youth.
Her own abilities became evident already in elementary school, where Astrid was called "Selma Lagerlöf of Wimmerbün", which, in her own opinion, she did not deserve.
Astrid, who read a lot from an early age, learned very easily. It was much more difficult to maintain the rules of school discipline. It was the prototype of Pippi Longstocking.
The city that is described in almost every Lindgren novel is Vimmerby, near which Astrid's home farm was located. Vimmerby turned out to be the city where Pippi went shopping, now the patrimony of the policeman Bjork, now the place where little Mio runs.
After school, at the age of 16, Astrid Lindgren began working as a journalist for the local newspaper "Wimmerby Tidningen".
Once obedient Astrid has become a real "queen of swing".
But the top of the shocking was her new haircut - she was one of the first in the district to cut her hair short, and this is at sixteen!
The shock was so great that her father categorically forbade her to show herself in front of him, and people on the street approached her and asked her to take off her hat and demonstrate her outlandish hairstyle.
At eighteen, Astrid became pregnant.
The scandal turned out to be so great that the girl had to leave her parental home and go to the capital, leaving the position of a junior reporter and her beloved family.
In 1926, Astrid had a son, Lass.
Since there was not enough money, Astrid had to give her beloved son to Denmark, to the family of adoptive parents. This she never forgave herself.
In Stockholm, Astrid studies to become a secretary, then works in a small office.
In 1931 he changed his job to the Royal Auto Club and married his boss, Sture Lindgren, who turned Astrid Ericsson into Astrid Lindgren. After that, Astrid was able to take Lars home.
After marriage, Astrid Lindgren decided to become a housewife in order to devote herself entirely to her son. The boy was proud of Astrid - she was the most bully mom in the world! One day she jumped on a tram at full speed and was fined by a conductor.
Daughter Karin was born to the Lindgrens in 1934 when Lass was seven years old.
In 1941, the Lindgrens moved into an apartment overlooking Stockholm's Vasa Park, where the writer lived until her death. The family lived in harmony until Sture's death in 1952. Astrid was then 44 years old.
The history of the twisted leg
Perhaps we would never have read the fairy tales of the Swedish writer, if not for her daughter and "His Majesty the case".
In 1941, Karin fell ill with pneumonia, and every night Astrid told her all sorts of stories before bed. Once the girl ordered a story about Pippi Longstocking - she invented this name right there, on the go. So Astrid Lindgren began to write a story about a girl who does not submit to any conditions.
Shortly before her daughter's tenth birthday, Astrid unsuccessfully twisted her leg and, lying in bed and thinking about her daughter's birthday present, the future great storyteller wrote down her first novel "Pippi Longstocking" and a written sequel about a funny red-haired girl.
The handwritten book with illustrations by the author was greeted by my daughter with delight. 10-year-old daughter and friends persuaded Astrid to send the manuscript to one of the major Swedish publishing houses.
Since this all started...
The writer sent one copy of the manuscript to the largest Stockholm publishing house Bonnier. After some deliberation, the manuscript was rejected. But the writer had already decided everything for herself and in 1944 she took part in the competition for the best book for girls, announced by the relatively new and little-known publishing house "Raben & Sjotgren".
Lindgren won second prize for Britt-Marie Pouring Out Her Soul and her publishing deal.
At the same time, the writer closely followed the discussion about upbringing that was unfolding in society, advocating an upbringing that would take into account the thoughts and feelings of children and thus show respect for them.
She became an author consistently speaking from a child's perspective.
Worldwide recognition for a long time could not reconcile the author with the Swedish state commission for children's and educational literature. From the point of view of the official educators, Lindgren's tales were incorrect and not instructive enough.
And then Lindgren starts working in this publishing house as the editor of the children's literature department.
Five years later, the writer receives the Niels Holgerson Prize, then the German Prize for the Best Children's Book (Mio, My Mio).
She worked at this publishing house until her retirement, which she officially retired in 1970.
In 1946, she published the first story about the detective Kalle Blumkvist, thanks to which she won the first prize at a literary competition (Astrid Lindgren did not participate in the competitions anymore).
Carlson became kinder in the USSR
The idea of \u200b\u200bCarlson, who lives on the roof, was also suggested by his daughter.
Astrid drew attention to Karin's funny story that when the girl is left alone, a small cheerful man flies into her room through the window, who hides behind a picture if adults enter.
His name was Liljem Quarsten - a magical uncle in a pointed hat who takes lonely children on incredible journeys at dusk. He came to life in the collection "Little Nils Carlson" .
And in 1955 "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof" appeared.
Carlson is the first positive character in a children's book with a full set of negative traits. He made me believe that all our fears and problems are just "trifles, a matter of everyday life."
In March 1966, the French language teacher Lilianna Lungina - the wife of the screenwriter Semyon Lungin, the mother of filmmakers Eugene and Pavel Lungin - brought home a Swedish book by a certain Astrid Lindgren in an old string bag.
For a year she had dreamed of working as a translator, and the publishing house "Children's Literature" promised to conclude a contract with her if there was a good Swedish book ...
In 1967 the first Soviet edition of Carlson was published.
The book instantly became popular. By 1974, more than 10 million (!) Copies of the tale had been sold.
Lindgren liked to repeat in her interviews that Carlson "has something Russian". And then Lindgren came to Moscow. Lilianna Lungina recalled: "Astrid turned out to be surprisingly similar to her books - perceptive, very smart. Light and really funny. When she came to us, she pulled our six-year-old son Zhenya out of his crib and began to play with him on the carpet, and when we accompanied her to the hotel, she , getting off the trolleybus, I danced so infectiously and enthusiastically on the street that we had to answer her in kind ... "
Carlson's "personality cult" in the USSR began after the release of the animated series "The Kid and Carlson" and "Carlson Returned" filmed at the Soyuzmultfilm studio.
It could have become a trilogy (a series about Uncle Julius), if the director of the cartoon Boris Stepantsev had not been carried away by new projects.
And the leading role in the cult cartoon was played by the artist Anatoly Savchenko. It was he who created the characters who ousted the originals of Ilon Wikland from our consciousness.
Many catch phrases from m / f are missing in the book. Let's remember at least:
- "Karlsonchik dear!"
- "Fu! I served my whole neck"
- "Do I love children? How can I tell you? ... Crazy!"
- "And I'm crazy! What a shame ..."
The emphasis was shifted towards the loneliness of the Kid. And instead of the mischievous boy that Lindgren had (he throws stones and defies Miss Bock) we see a sad big-eyed melancholic.
Carlson, in Russian translation, is generally good-natured.
How a fairy tale changed power
Astrid Lindgren earned more than one million crowns selling the rights to publish her books and their adaptation, to release audio and video cassettes, CDs with recordings of her songs or literary works in her own performance.
But all these years, her lifestyle has not changed - Lindgren lived in the same modest Stockholm apartment and preferred to distribute money to others.
Only once, in 1976, when the tax collected by the state amounted to 102% (!) Of her profits, Lingren protested.
She sent an open letter to the Stockholm newspaper Expresssen, in which she told a story about a certain Pomperipossa from Monismania. In this fairy tale for adults, Astrid Lindgren took the position of a layman and tried to expose the vices of society and its pretense.
In the year of parliamentary elections, the fairy tale became a bomb for the bureaucratic apparatus of the Swedish Social Democratic Party, which had been in power for over 40 years in a row.
The Social Democrats lost the elections.
At the same time, the writer herself was a member of this party all her life.
Her letter was so well received because of the general respect she enjoyed in Sweden. Books in her performance were listened to on the radio by Swedish children. Her voice, face and sense of humor were also known to adults, who constantly saw and heard Lindgren on radio and television, where she hosted various quizzes and talk shows.
“Not Violence,” she said at the presentation of the German Bookselling Peace Prize.
"We all know - reminded Lindgren, - that children who are beaten and abused will themselves beat and abuse their children, and therefore this vicious circle must be broken. ".
In the spring of 1985, she spoke publicly about harassment of farm animals.
Prime Minister Ingvar Karlson himself listened. When he paid a visit to Astrid Lindgren, she asked what kind of young people he had brought with him. "These are my bodyguards" - answered Carlson.
"Quite reasonable of you, - said the 78-year-old writer, - you never know what to expect from me when I'm in this mood! "
And in the newspapers there was a fairy tale about a loving cow protesting against the mistreatment of livestock. In June 1988, the Animal Welfare Act was passed, which is called the Lindgren Act.
She was always afraid not to be in time ...
Astrid Sture's husband died in 1952.
Then - mother, father, and in 1974 her brother and several old friends died.
And a son.
A voluntary retreat began.
"Life is a wonderful thing, it drags on for so long and yet is so short!" she said.
The only thing Astrid was really afraid of was not being in time.
In recent years, she rarely left home and did not communicate with journalists.
She practically lost her sight and hearing, but always tried to be aware of everything that was happening.
When Astrid turned 90, she turned to numerous fans with an appeal not to send her gifts, but to send funds to a bank account for the construction of a children's medical center in Stockholm, where the writer herself sent an impressive amount.
Now this center - the largest in Northern Europe - is rightfully called the Astrid Lindgren Center.
Her books have been translated into more than 80 languages \u200b\u200bof the world and published in more than 100 countries.
It is said that if the entire circulation of Astrid Lindgren's books is put in a vertical stack, then it will be 175 times higher than the Eiffel Tower.
There is the Astrid Lindgren Fairy Tale Museum "Junibacken" in Stockholm.
Nearby there is "Astrid Lindgren Park", where you can run on the rooftops with Carlson, ride your own horse Pippi Longstocking and wander along Ugly Street.
The children's writer was posthumously nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.
For the past ten years, the Swedish press has been annually calling for Astrid Lindgren's Nobel Prize.
But children's writers have never received this award. Children's literature seems to live on its own. Maybe because she faces not only literary tasks, but also pedagogical ones. And society always resists, lags behind.
The Lindgren Award was never given ...
Oleg FOCHKIN
MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD
Astrid with her older brother Gunnar
"From my childhood, I first of all remember not people, but that amazing and beautiful environment that surrounded me. With age, the sensations become less and less vivid, but then the whole world around was unimaginably saturated and full of colors. Strawberries among the rocks, carpets of blue spring flowers, meadows of primrose, blueberry thickets known only to us, a forest covered with moss, through which graceful pink flowers make their way, Nes's walks, where we knew every path and every pebble like the back of your hand, a stream with water lilies, ditches, springs and trees - all I remember this much more clearly than people. "
Nes's wonderful landscapes not only provided a unique playground for children, but also allowed them to develop a vivid imagination. Little Eriksson relentlessly came up with exciting new games with what they saw around them. The songs and prayers learned by the children were also important for these games.
Amazing magic games.
"Oh, how we knew how to play! The four of us could play tirelessly from morning to night. All our games were fun and active, and sometimes even life-threatening, which, of course, we were completely unaware of at that time. We climbed on the tallest trees and jumped between the rows of boards at the sawmill. We climbed high on the roof and balanced on it, and if only one of us stumbled, our games could stop forever. "
One of the favorite games of the little Eriksson and their guests in Näs was "Don't step on the floor." In this case, all the children had to climb the furniture in the bedroom without touching the floor at all. It is in such a game, but much later, that Pippi will offer to play Tommy and Annika at the Chicken Villa.
"From the office door, we had to climb onto the sofa, from there climb to the kitchen door, and then to the dressing table and the work table. Then we could jump to my father's bed, and from there to the upholstered ottoman, which we could move to the living room door, after why on the open fireplace again move to the door of the office. "
Another favorite game of Astrid and Gunnar was the wind-sail game.
The children had to run through all the rooms of the house, starting from different ends of it, and meet in the kitchen, where each had to poke another finger in the stomach and shout "wind-sail!"
This is what Emil and Ida play in the books about Emil from Lönnerberg.
There was an old elm in Nes, which Astrid and her brother and sisters called "the owl tree."
The inside of the tree was completely hollow, and the children loved to play in it.
One day Gunnar climbed a tree, holding a hen's egg. He put the egg in an owl's nest, and twenty-one days later found in it a newly hatched chicken, which his mother later bought from him in seventy-five oers.
Astrid tells this story to us in the book "We are all from Bullerby", where little Bosse does this trick of Gunnar.
However, at the beginning of the last century, the children of farmers had not only to rest, but also to do hard work. They planted turnips, weeded nettles from vegetable gardens and reaped crops.
Everyone was busy working on the farm: both the children of hired workers and the children of the owners.
"As was customary in those days, of course, from childhood, we were brought up with reverent fear and awe of the Lord. However, in our free time, no one followed us, no one told us what to do. And we played and played and played ... If we had the opportunity, we could play forever! "
According to Astrid herself, she very clearly remembered the moment when her childhood came to an end, and the terrible realization came to her that the games were over forever.
"I remember that moment very well. We then loved to play with the priest's granddaughter when she came to Nes for the holidays. And one summer, on her next visit, we were going to start our usual games and suddenly found It was a very strange feeling, and we became very sad, because we didn't know what else we could do if we didn't play "........
Well, and a book, of course :)
A book written by The Amazing Storyteller Astrid Lindgren.
It contains nine short stories. Not related to each other.
I always loved "There are no robbers in the forest" and "Little Nils Carlson".
The translation of fairy tales in the book is familiar from childhood - L. Braude.
And in "Princess ..." and in "Beloved Sister" - E. Solovyova. I really don't remember if I read these two fairy tales as a child ...
Drawings in the book by Ekaterina Kostina. Vaschinskaya. Kostina-Vaschinskaya ... I got confused with changing her surnames :)
I love her "crackle" drawings :)
So the question of buying this book was not for me - Lindgren + Kostina \u003d I'm happy :)
Well, about the publication.
It's very good! Large format, sturdy cover, matte chalk, large bold print and excellent print quality.
I very much approve of this book and shamelessly recommend it for purchase :)
Astrid Lindgren
"Little Nils Carlson"
Publisher - Machaon
Year - 2015
Binding - cardboard with partial varnishing
Paper - coated
Format - encyclopedic
Pages - 128
Circulation - 8,000 copies
Translated by L. Braude, E. Solovyova
Artist - Ekaterina KOSTINA
Astrid Lindgren is probably the most famous Swedish writer in Russia.
Her heroes settle in the minds of childhood - the red-haired girl Pippi Longstocking, the daughter of the robber Roni, the detective Kalle Blumkvist, the fat man in his prime, the owner of the propeller on his back and the most common surname in Sweden Carlson, who flies to the Kid when he becomes sad.
They settle and remain until the very gray hairs - on the rights of a jewel that we, becoming parents, pass on to our children, reading her books at night. If you have already read everything - find a rather rare autobiographical "We are all from Bullerby", in which the writer sketches her own childhood - not very rich, but filled with impressions and adventures.
Astrid Anna Emilia Ericsson was born on November 14, 1907 in the south of Sweden, in the city of Vimmerby. Her first publication was a school essay, because of which classmates began to tease her with Selma Lagerlef (Swedish novelist - "b"). After that Astrid gave up writing fairy tales and went to work for the local newspaper Wimmerby Tidningen
"If I managed to brighten at least someone's gloomy childhood, then I'm happy."
“Becoming the subject of gossip was like being in a pit full of snakes, and I decided to leave this pit as soon as possible. It didn't happen at all the way some might think - I was not kicked out of the house, like in the good old days. Not at all, I left myself. Nobody could keep me at home "
After moving to Stockholm, Astrid graduated from stenography courses, but could not find a job and gave her newborn son Lars to a foster family
“I am writing for myself to entertain the child inside me - I can only hope that it will amuse other children as well”
In 1928, Astrid got a secretary position at the Royal Automobile Club and three years later married her boss, Sture Lindgren. After getting married, Astrid Lindgren was able to take her son and gave birth to a daughter, Karin. After that, the writer broke her vow and began to compose fairy tales for home magazines. 
“The worst thing is when a child cannot play. Such a child is like a boring little old man, from which, over time, an adult old man grows up, deprived, however, of the main advantage of old age - wisdom "
In 1944, Astrid Lindgren won second place in the Raben & Sjögren competition for the best book for girls and was able to publish the novel Britt-Marie Pours Out Her Soul 
"You will not find true peace on earth, perhaps it is just an unattainable goal."
Astrid Lindgren invented her most famous character, Pippi Longstocking, during the war and illness of her daughter Karin. The writer gave the first home-made print run to her daughter for her birthday, and in 1945 Raben and Shegren published the book "Pippi settles in the" Chicken "villa" 
In 1954, Astrid Lindgren wrote the story "Mio, My Mio", in 1955 - "The Kid and Carlson." In 1961, "Three stories about Malysh and Karlson" were published in the USSR: their lifetime circulation in Russian amounted to more than 5 million copies
“I drink summer like wild bees drink honey. I am putting together a huge ball of summer so that it will last for ... for the time when ... there will be another time ... Do you know who this is? ...
- There are sunrises and blueberries, blue with berries, and freckles, as you have on your hands, and moonlight over the evening river, and the starry sky, and the forest in the midday heat, when the sunlight plays in the tops of the pines, and the evening rain, and everything around ... and squirrels, and foxes, and elks, and all the wild horses that we know, and swimming in the river, and riding horses. Do you understand? The whole lump of dough from which summer is baked. "
"Roni, the robber's daughter"
“The journalists are so stubborn. Just leave an empty space in the newspaper and write: "There should have been something about Astrid Lindgren, but she did not want to participate in it" "
From 1946 to 1970 Astrid Lindgren worked as a children's literature editor at Raben & Sjögren, which published all of her books, and hosted quizzes on Swedish radio and television. 
"Today in our world there are so many dictators, tyrants, oppressors, tormentors ... What kind of childhood did they have?"
In 1976, Astrid Lindgren published the adult tale "Pomperiposs of Monismania" about an overly tough tax policy, and in 1985 sent a tale of a loving cow against animal abuse to Stockholm newspapers. As a result, the Lex Lindgren Animal Welfare Act (Lindgren Act) was passed in Sweden in 1988
Photo: Constantin-Film / ullstein bild via Getty Images 
“God save me from the Nobel Prize! Nellie Sachs died from getting her, I'm sure the same will happen to me. "
In 1958, Astrid Lindgren received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal (also known as the Nobel Prize in Children's Literature), and in 1969 the Swedish State Prize for Literature 
The best and most famous representative of the modern genre of fairy tales in children's literature, not only in Scandinavia, but all over the world is Astrid Lindgren. Her books have been translated into more than 50 languages, including Russian.
The future writer grew up in a peasant family on a farm in the province of Småland. A modest office worker from Stockholm, she entered literature in the late forties as the author of stories for children and young people. Among Lindgren's first books are Pippi Longstocking (1945), The Famous Detective Kalle Blomkvist trilogy (1946), The Dangerous Life of Kalle
Blomkvist "(1951)," Kalle Blomkvist and Rasmus "(1953); "Mio, my Mio!" (1954). Then they saw the light of the trilogy about Malysh and Carlson, about Emil from Lönneberg, the books "The Brothers Lionheart" (1973), "Ronya, the robber's daughter" (1981). Lindgren's characters are known to children not only from books, but also from film adaptations and theatrical performances.
The Swedish writer diversified the genre palette of modern fairy tales, creating social, everyday, detective-adventure, heroic-romantic works. Her collection of fairy tales "Sunny Meadow" and the fairy tale story "Mio, my Mio!" Are close to folklore.
The peculiarity of Lindgren's fairy tales is that it puts the child - the reader or the storyteller - in the place of the hero of the fairy tale. After all, children tend to play in others, they are lonely and uncomfortable in the indifferent world of adults. From the most magical fairy tale in its traditional understanding, the writer's work remains like a longing for this fairy tale, a thirst for magic. So, Prince Mio is in reality a child deprived of love and affection who wants to have a father. And it is in his fairy tale that he receives paternal love, friendship, and the fulfillment of his cherished desires. The Kid felt the same lonely and unhappy, to whom the funny and good-natured fat man Carlson, inexhaustible for inventions, began to fly, and the Lionheart brothers, moving from a painful everyday life to a magical land. But even in such a magical land, nothing is given for free. The writer makes her little heroes make efforts, encourages them to act, to take action. This is exactly what happens to Prince Mio, who managed to defeat the evil knight Kato.
In the fairy tale "Mio, my Mio!" nature itself lives and acts. Animals, grasses, trees, mountains help Mio and his friend. Captivating descriptions of nature make the modern storyteller related to Andersen and Topelius. Here are poplars with silvery leaves, their tops resting on the very sky, so that the stars are lit right at their tops. Here are marvelous snow-white horses with golden manes and hooves. Magic shepherd's flutes help friends in trouble, the spoon feeds itself, the invisibility cloak saves from persecution, that is, all the folklore symbolism is present here. And the old well whispers folk tales to the little heroes in the evenings. And at the same time, everyday life and reality are constantly mixed with the fabulous atmosphere. It is difficult, scary for the boy Mio, at times he despairs and cries, but still accomplishes his feat, becoming a real hero.
Lindgren's fairy tales differ from folklore origins in their great psychologism and detailed character development. However, their endings, as in the story of Mio, lead to a traditional moral lesson: the victory over the evil knight took place through love and friendship.
Childhood, as the writer said in an interview, is not age, but a state of mind. Therefore, her fairy tales are addressed not only to children, but also to adults, and they speak with children in a serious, "adult" language. A similar attitude towards children, the ability to talk with them about important adult problems is manifested in many of Lindgren's works. Thus, the book "Brothers the Lionheart" tells about the inevitability of death, about the loss of loved ones. The fight for justice is led by Peppy: kind and resourceful, she knows how to protect the weak and the offended. The harsh reality is shown in Rasmus the Vagabond, which deals with an orphanage. The social aspect is constantly present in Lindgren's work, and the writer believes that children should be told the truth, even when it comes to the most difficult and unpleasant things. In the case of Rasmus, reality dispels the child's rosy dreams of vagrancy. At first, Rasmus has fun with a real adult vagabond Oscar, but then he sees what kind of life it is: hunger, lack of rights, cruel treatment of others. The life of a tramp is a "dog's" life. And only having found his home and family, Rasmus understands what true happiness is: “With his small, dirty, thin hand, Rasmus stroked the logs of his own home” - this is how this story ends.
With her hero Emil Astrid Lindgren returns back to the farm, to the country of his childhood, drawing funny and ridiculous pranks of this cheerful boy: "Emil from Lönneberg", (1963) "New tricks of Emil from Lönneberg" (1966), "Emil from Lönneberg! " (1970). More romantic is the tale "Ronya, the robber's daughter" - about two children, a boy and a girl. The heroes, in spite of the enmity separating their parents, ferocious robbers, carry friendship and mutual devotion through all trials. Young Romeo and Juliet do not die in the fight against evil, but come out of it victorious. Astrid Lindgren's children represent the hope for goodness and justice. The theme of love for nature, closeness to it and the ability to live in it sounds again in this book.
Relying on folklore traditions and using the best examples of the literary tale of the past, Astrid Lindgren has created a modern fairytale world of childhood with very real features: loneliness, orphanhood, social problems of a big city, but also help, compassion, friendship, joy and laughter.
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Astrid Lindgren 1907-2002
Astrid Lindgren was born on November 14, 1907 in southern Sweden, in the small town of Vimmerby, into a farming family. The writer herself has always called her childhood happy and pointed out that it is this that serves as a source of inspiration for her work. The writer spoke about her family with great sympathy and tenderness in her only book not addressed to children - "Samuel August from Sevedstorp and Han from Hult"
At 17, Astrid took up journalism, worked for a local newspaper. Then she moved to Stockholm, was educated as a stenographer and worked as a secretary in various metropolitan firms. In 1931, Astrid Ericsson married and became Astrid Lindgren.
Astrid Lindgren jokingly recalled that one of the reasons that prompted her to write were the cold Stockholm winters, the illness of Karin's daughter, who kept asking her mother to tell her something. It was then that mother and daughter came up with a mischievous girl with red pigtails. "Peppy" was awarded several prizes, and the author was invited to work in a children's book publishing house.
Then there were stories about Malysh and Karlson (1955-1968), Rasmus the tramp (1956), the trilogy about Emil from Lenneberg (1963-1970), the books "The Brothers Lionheart" (1979), "Ronya, the robber's daughter" (1981) Lindgren devoted almost all of her books to children (only a few to youth).
Lindgren's heroes are distinguished by spontaneity, inquisitiveness, inventiveness, mischief combined with kindness and seriousness. Lindgren not only wrote books, but also actively fought for children's rights. She believed that they should be raised without corporal punishment and violence. In 1958, Astrid Lindgren was awarded the Hans Christian Andersen International Gold Medal for the humanistic nature of her work.
The town of Vimmerby became the place for the announcement of the winners of the annual international award in memory of Astrid Lindgren “For works for children and youth.” The decision was made by the Swedish government after the death of Astrid Lindgren. Swedish writer.
Astrid Lindgren Museum in Stockholm
On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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