Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren (Swedish Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren, née Ericsson, Swedish Ericsson) is a Swedish writer, author of a number of world famous books for children.
As Lindgren herself pointed out in the collection of autobiographical essays "My Fictions" (1971), she grew up in the age of "horse and convertible." The main means of transportation for the family was a horse-drawn carriage, the pace of life was slower, entertainment was simpler, and the relationship with the surrounding nature was much closer than today. This environment contributed to the development of a love of nature in the writer - this feeling is imbued with all Lindgren's work, from the eccentric stories about the pirate's daughter Pippi Longstocking to the story of Ronnie, the robber's daughter.
Astrid Eriksson was born on November 14, 1907 in southern Sweden, in the small town of Vimmerby in the province of Småland (Kalmar County), into a farming family. She became the second child of Samuel August Eriksson and his wife Hannah. My father was engaged in farming on a rented farm in Nes, a pastor's estate on the very outskirts of the town. Together with her older brother, Gunnar, three sisters grew up in the family - Astrid, Stina and Ingegerd. The writer herself always called her childhood happy (there were many games and adventures in it, interspersed with work on the farm and in its vicinity) and pointed out that it was this that served as a source of inspiration for her work. Astrid's parents not only felt deep affection for each other and for their children, but also did not hesitate to show it, which was a rarity at that time. The writer spoke about the special relationship in the family with great sympathy and tenderness in her only book not addressed to children, Samuel August from Sevedstorp and Hannah from Hult (1973).
The beginning of creative activity
As a child, Astrid Lindgren was surrounded by folklore, and many jokes, fairy tales, stories that she heard from her father or from friends later formed the basis of her own works. The love of books and reading, as she later admitted, arose in the kitchen of Christine, with whom she was friends. It was Christine who introduced Astrid to an amazing, exciting world, which one could get into by reading fairy tales. The impressionable Astrid was shocked by this discovery, and later she herself mastered the magic of the word.
Her abilities became evident already in elementary school, where Astrid was called "Wimmerbühn's Selma Lagerlöf", which, in her own opinion, she did not deserve.
Astrid Lindgren in 1924
After school, at the age of 16, Astrid Lindgren began working as a journalist for the local newspaper Wimmerby Tidningen. But two years later, she became pregnant without being married, and, leaving the position of junior reporter, left for Stockholm. There she graduated from the secretary courses and in 1931 found a job in this specialty. In December 1926, her son Lars was born. Since there was not enough money, Astrid had to give her beloved son to Denmark, to the family of foster parents. In 1928, she got a job as secretary at the Royal Auto Club, where she met Sture Lindgren. They got married in April 1931, and after that Astrid was able to take Lars home.
Years of creativity
After marriage, Astrid Lindgren decided to become a housewife in order to fully devote herself to caring for Lars, and then of her daughter Karin, who was born in 1934. In 1941, the Lindgrens moved into an apartment overlooking Stockholm's Vasa Park, where the writer lived until her death. Occasionally undertaking secretarial work, she wrote travel descriptions and rather banal fairy tales for family magazines and Christmas calendars, which gradually honed her literary skills.
According to Astrid Lindgren, Pippi Longstocking (1945) was born primarily thanks to her daughter Karin. In 1941, Karin fell ill with pneumonia, and every night Astrid told her all sorts of stories before bed. Once a girl ordered a story about Pippi Longstocking - she invented this name right there, on the go. So Astrid Lindgren began to write a story about a girl who does not obey any conditions. Since Astrid then defended a new and controversial idea of \u200b\u200bparenting with a child's psychology in mind at the time, the challenge to convention seemed to her an amusing thought experiment. If we consider the image of Pippi in a generalized sense, then it is based on the innovative ideas that appeared in the 1930s-1940s in the field of child education and child psychology. Lindgren followed and participated in the controversy unfolding in society, advocating an education that would take into account the thoughts and feelings of children and thus show respect for them. The new approach to children also affected her creative manner, as a result of which she became an author consistently speaking from a child's point of view. After the first story about Pippi, which Karin fell in love with, Astrid Lindgren over the next years told more and more evening tales about this red-haired girl. On Karin's tenth birthday, Astrid Lindgren made a shorthand record of several stories, from which she then made a self-made book for her daughter (with illustrations by the author). This original Pippi manuscript was less elaborate stylistically and more radical in its ideas. The writer sent one copy of the manuscript to the largest Stockholm publishing house Bonnier. After some deliberation, the manuscript was rejected. Astrid Lindgren was not discouraged by the refusal, she already understood that composing for children is her vocation. In 1944, she took part in the competition for the best book for girls, announced by the relatively new and little-known publishing house Raben and Sjögren. Lindgren won second prize for Britt-Marie Pours Out Her Soul (1944) and her publishing deal. In 1945 Astrid Lindgren was offered the position of children's literature editor at Raben & Sjögren. She accepted the offer and worked in one position until 1970, when she officially retired. All her books were published in the same publishing house. Despite being extremely busy and combining editorial work with household duties and writing, Astrid turned out to be a prolific writer: if you count picture books, she produced a total of about eighty works from her pen. Work was especially productive in the 40s and 50s. Between 1944 and 1950 alone, Astrid Lindgren wrote a trilogy about Pippi Longstocking, two stories about children from Bullerby, three books for girls, a detective story, two collections of fairy tales, a collection of songs, four plays and two picture books. As you can see from this list, Astrid Lindgren was an unusually versatile writer, willing to experiment in a wide variety of genres. In 1946, she published the first story about the detective Kalle Blumkvist ("Kalle Blumkvist plays"), thanks to which she won the first prize in a literary competition (Astrid Lindgren did not participate in the competitions anymore). In 1951, a sequel followed, "Kalle Blumkvist at Risk" (in Russian, both stories were published in 1959 under the title "The Adventures of Kalle Blumkvist"), and in 1953 - the final part of the trilogy, "Kalle Blumkvist and Rasmus" (was translated into Russian in 1986). "Kalle Blumkvistom" the writer wanted to replace the readers of the cheap thrillers glorifying violence. In 1954, Astrid Lindgren wrote the first of her three fairy tales - "Mio, my Mio!" (trans. 1965). This emotional, dramatic book combines the techniques of a heroic legend and a fairy tale, and tells the story of Boo Wilhelm Ohlsson, the unloved and neglected son of adoptive parents. Astrid Lindgren has repeatedly resorted to a fairy tale and a fairy tale, touching upon the fate of lonely and abandoned children (this was the case before "Mio, my Mio!"). To bring comfort to children, to help them overcome difficult situations - this task was not the least of the writer's work. In the next trilogy - "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof" (1955; trans. 1957), "Carlson, who lives on the roof, has flown again" (1962; translated. 1965) and "Karlson, who lives on the roof, is playing pranks again ”(1968; trans. 1973) - again the fantasy hero of a kind spirit is acting. This "moderately well-fed", infantile, greedy, boastful, pouty, self-pitying, egocentric, although not devoid of charm, lives on the roof of the apartment building where the Kid lives. As an imaginary friend of the Kid, he is a much less wonderful image of childhood than the unpredictable and carefree Pippi. The Kid is the youngest of three children in the most ordinary family of Stockholm bourgeoisie, and Carlson enters his life in a very specific way - through the window, and he does this every time the Kid feels superfluous, left out or humiliated, in other words, when the boy feels sorry for himself ... In such cases, his compensatory alter-ego appears - in all respects "the best in the world" Carlson, who makes the Kid forget about troubles. Screen adaptations and theatrical productions In 1969, the renowned Royal Drama Theater in Stockholm staged Carlson Who Lives on the Roof, which was unusual at the time. Since then, dramatizations based on Astrid Lindgren's books have been constantly performed in both large and small theaters in Sweden, Scandinavia, Europe and the United States of America. A year before the staging in Stockholm, the play about Karlsson was shown on the stage of the Moscow Satire Theater, where he is still played (this hero is very popular in Russia). If on a global scale, the work of Astrid Lindgren attracted attention primarily due to theatrical performances, then in Sweden the fame of the writer was greatly facilitated by films and television series based on her works. The first to be filmed were the story of Kalle Blumkvist - the premiere of the film took place on Christmas Day 1947. Two years later, the first of four films about Pippi Longstocking appeared. From the 1950s to the 1980s, the renowned Swedish director Olle Hellbum created a total of 17 films based on Astrid Lindgren's books. Hellboom's visual interpretations, with their ineffable beauty and sensitivity to the writer's word, have become classics of Swedish children's cinema. Social activities Over the years of her literary career, Astrid Lindgren has earned more than one million crowns selling the rights to publish her books and their film adaptation, to release audio and video cassettes, and later also CDs with recordings of her songs or literary works in her own performance. but did not change her lifestyle in the least. Since the 1940s, she lived in the same - rather modest - Stockholm apartment and preferred not to accumulate wealth, but to distribute money to others. Unlike many Swedish celebrities, she was not even averse to transferring a significant portion of her income to the Swedish tax authorities. Only once, in 1976, when the tax they collected amounted to 102% of her profits, did Astrid Lingren protested. On March 10 of the same year, she went on the offensive, sending an open letter to the Stockholm newspaper Expresssen, in which she told a story about a certain Pomperipossa from Monismania. In this fairy tale for adults, Astrid Lindgren took the position of a layman or a naive child (as Hans Christian Andersen did before her in The King's New Dress) and, using it, tried to expose the evils of society and general pretense. In the year when parliamentary elections were coming, this tale became an almost undisguised, crushing attack on the bureaucratic, smug and self-interested apparatus of the Swedish Social Democratic Party, which had been in power for over 40 years in a row. Although at first the Minister of Finance Gunnar Strang turned against the writer and tried to ridicule her, a heated debate ensued, the tax law was changed, and (as many believe, not without the help of Astrid Lindgren), the Social Democrats were defeated in the autumn elections to the Riksdag. The writer herself was a member of the Social Democratic Party throughout her adult life - and remained in its ranks after 1976. And she objected primarily to the distance from the ideals that Lindgren remembered from her youth. When she was once asked what path she would choose for herself if she had not become a famous writer, she answered without hesitation that she would like to take part in the social democratic movement of the initial period. The values \u200b\u200band ideals of this movement have played - along with humanism - a fundamental role in Astrid Lindgren's character. Her inherent desire for equality and a caring attitude towards people helped the writer to overcome the barriers erected by her high position in society. She treated everyone with the same cordiality and respect, be it the Swedish prime minister, the head of a foreign state or one of her child readers. In other words, Astrid Lindgren lived according to her convictions, which is why she became an object of admiration and respect, both in Sweden and abroad. Lindgren's open letter with the tale of Pomperipossa was so influential because by 1976 she was not just a famous writer: she enjoyed not only fame, but also great respect in Sweden. An important person, a person known throughout the country, she became thanks to numerous performances on radio and television. Thousands of Swedish children have grown up listening to Astrid Lindgren's original books on the radio. Her voice, her face, her opinions, her sense of humor have been familiar to most Swedes since the 50s and 60s, when she hosted various quizzes and talk shows on radio and television. In addition, Astrid Lindgren won over the people with her performances in defense of such a typically Swedish phenomenon as universal love for nature and reverence for its beauty. In the spring of 1985, when the daughter of a Smoland farmer spoke publicly about harassment of farm animals, the Prime Minister himself listened to her. Lindgren heard about the mistreatment of animals on large farms in Sweden and other industrialized countries from Christina Forslund, a veterinarian and professor at Uppsala University. Seventy-eight-year-old Astrid Lindgren sent an open letter to the largest Stockholm newspapers. The letter contained another tale - about a loving cow protesting against mistreatment of livestock. With this tale, the writer began a campaign that lasted three years. In June 1988, the Animal Welfare Act was passed, which was given the Latin name Lex Lindgren (Lindgren Act); however, his inspirer did not like him for his vagueness and deliberately low efficiency. As in other cases where Lindgren stood up for the well-being of children, adults or the environment, the writer started from her own experience and her protest was caused by deep emotional excitement. She understood that at the end of the 20th century it was impossible to return to small-scale cattle breeding, which she witnessed in childhood and adolescence on her father's farm and in neighboring farms. She demanded something more fundamental: respect for animals, since they are also living beings and endowed with feelings. Astrid Lindgren's deep belief in nonviolent methods of conversion extended to animals and children alike. “Not Violence,” she called her speech when she was presented with the 1978 Peace Prize for the German Bookselling (she received for the novel “The Brothers Lionheart” (1973; translated. 1981) and for the writer's struggle for peaceful coexistence and a dignified life for all) Living creatures). In this speech, Astrid Lindgren defended her pacifist convictions and advocated raising children without violence and corporal punishment. "We all know," Lindgren reminded, "that children who are beaten and abused will themselves beat and abuse their children, and therefore this vicious circle must be broken." Astrid Sture's husband died in 1952. In 1961 her mother died, eight years later her father, and in 1974 her brother and several close friends died. Astrid Lindgren faced the mystery of death more than once and pondered over it a lot. If Astrid's parents were sincere adherents of Lutheranism and believed in life after death, then the writer herself called herself an agnostic. Awards In 1958, Astrid Lindgren was awarded the Hans Christian Andersen Medal, known as the Nobel Prize in Children's Literature. In addition to awards for purely children's writers, Lindgren received a number of prizes for "adult" authors, in particular, the Karen Blixen medal established by the Danish Academy, the Russian Leo Tolstoy medal, the Chilean Gabriela Mistral Prize and the Swedish Selma Lagerlöf Prize. In 1969, the writer received the Swedish State Prize for Literature. Her achievements in the field of philanthropy were recognized by the German Bookselling Peace Prize for 1978 and the Albert Schweitzer Medal for 1989 (awarded by the American Institute for the Improvement of Animal Lives). The writer died on January 28, 2002 in Stockholm. Astrid Lindgren is one of the world's most famous children's writers. Her works are imbued with fantasy and love for children. Many of them have been translated into over 70 languages \u200b\u200band published in over 100 countries. In Sweden, she became a living legend because she entertained, inspired and consoled more than one generation of readers, participated in political life, changed laws and significantly influenced the development of children's literature.
I have long wanted to keep in my journal an article by Oleg Fochkin about the life of Astrid Lindgren and excerpts from her childhood memories. Supplemented with photographs.
Here, I save :)
And I advise you to read it to those who have not read it yet - it was written very interestingly and with great love!
(1907 - 2002)
One of the minor planets is named after Astrid Lindgren.
"Call me now" Asteroid Lindgren "- she joked upon learning about such an unusual act of recognition.
The children's writer became the first woman to whom a monument was erected during her lifetime - it is located in the center of Stockholm, and Astrid was present at the grand opening ceremony.
The Swedes have called their compatriot "the woman of the century".
Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren is the most famous Swedish children's writer.
She has written 87 children's books and most of them have been translated into Russian. In particular, these are:
- "Pippi Longstocking"
- "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof"
- "Emil from Lönneberg"
- "Brothers Lionheart"
- "Roni, the robber's daughter"
- "The famous detective Kalle Blumkvist"
- "We are all from Bullerby"
- "Rasmus the Tramp"
- "Lotta from Gorlastaya Street"
In 1957, Lindgren became the first children's writer to receive the Swedish State Award for Literary Achievement. Astrid has received such a number of awards and prizes that it is simply impossible to list them all.
Among the most important:
- Prize named after Hans Christian Andersen, which is called the "minor Nobel";
- Lewis Carroll Award;
- awards from UNESCO and various governments;
- Leo Tolstoy International Gold Medal;
- Silver Bear (for the film "Ronnie, the Robber's Daughter").
Astrid Lindgren, née Ericsson, was born into a farming family on November 14, 1907 in the small town of Vimmerby in the province of Småland, in southern Sweden.
As Lindgren herself later writes in the collection of autobiographical sketches "My inventions", she grew up in the age of the horse and the convertible. The main means of transportation for the family was a horse-drawn carriage, the pace of life was slower, entertainment was easier, and the relationship with the surrounding nature was much closer than today.
And since childhood, the future great storyteller loved nature very much, having no idea how one can live without this amazing world.
Childhood passed under the banner of endless games - exciting, exciting, sometimes risky and in no way inferior to boyish fun. Astrid Lindgren kept her passion for climbing trees until her very old age. "The Law of Moses, thank God, does not forbid old women to climb trees", - she used to say, she used to be in old age, overcoming another tree.
She was the second child of Samuel August Eriksson and his wife Hannah. My father rented a farm in Nes, a pastor's estate on the very outskirts of the town. In addition to her older brother Gunnar, Astrid soon had two sisters - Stina and Ingegerd.
Astrid's parents met when her father was thirteen and her mother was twelve, and have loved each other ever since.
They felt deep affection for each other and for the children. And most importantly, they were not shy about these feelings, which by the standards of that time was a great rarity, if not even a challenge to society.
The writer fondly told about this time and special relations in the family in her only "adult" book "Samuel August from Sevedstorp and Hanna from Hult".
As a child, Astrid Lindgren was surrounded by folklore, and many jokes, fairy tales, stories that she heard from her father or from friends later formed the basis of her own works.
The love of books and reading, as she later confessed, arose in the kitchen of Christine, with whom she was friends. It was Christine who introduced Astrid to the wonderful world of fairy tales.
The girl grew up on books that were completely different from her own future works: on the sugary Elsa Beskow, on lacquered recordings of folk tales, on moralizing stories for youth.
Her own abilities became evident already in elementary school, where Astrid was called "Selma Lagerlöf of Wimmerbün", which, in her own opinion, she did not deserve.
Astrid, who read a lot from an early age, learned very easily. It was much more difficult to maintain the rules of school discipline. It was the prototype of Pippi Longstocking.
The city that is described in almost every Lindgren novel is Vimmerby, near which Astrid's home farm was located. Vimmerby turned out to be the city where Pippi went shopping, now the patrimony of the policeman Bjork, now the place where little Mio runs.
After school, at the age of 16, Astrid Lindgren began working as a journalist for the local newspaper Wimmerby Tidningen.
Once obedient Astrid has become a real "queen of swing".
But the top of the shocking was her new haircut - she was one of the first in the district to cut her hair short, and this is at sixteen!
The shock was so great that her father categorically forbade her to show herself in front of him, and people on the street approached her and asked her to take off her hat and show her outlandish hairstyle.
At eighteen, Astrid became pregnant.
The scandal was so great that the girl had to leave her parental home and go to the capital, leaving the position of a junior reporter and her beloved family.
In 1926, Astrid had a son, Lass.
Since there was not enough money, Astrid had to give her beloved son to Denmark, to the family of adoptive parents. This she never forgave herself.
In Stockholm, Astrid studies to become a secretary, then works in a small office.
In 1931 he changed his job to the Royal Auto Club and married his boss, Sture Lindgren, who turned Astrid Ericsson into Astrid Lindgren. After that, Astrid was able to take Lars home.
After marriage, Astrid Lindgren decided to become a housewife in order to devote herself entirely to her son. The boy was proud of Astrid - she was the most bully mom in the world! One day she jumped on a tram at full speed and was fined by a conductor.
Daughter Karin was born to the Lindgrens in 1934 when Lass was seven years old.
In 1941, the Lindgrens moved into an apartment overlooking Stockholm's Vasa Park, where the writer lived until her death. The family lived in harmony until Sture's death in 1952. Astrid was then 44 years old.
The history of the twisted leg
Perhaps we would never have read the fairy tales of the Swedish writer, if not for her daughter and "His Majesty the case".
In 1941, Karin fell ill with pneumonia, and every night Astrid told her all sorts of stories before bed. Once the girl ordered a story about Pippi Longstocking - she invented this name right there, on the go. So Astrid Lindgren began to write a story about a girl who does not submit to any conditions.
Shortly before her daughter's tenth birthday, Astrid unsuccessfully twisted her leg and, lying in bed and thinking about her daughter's birthday present, the future great storyteller wrote down her first novel "Pippi Longstocking" and a written sequel about a funny red-haired girl.
The handwritten book with illustrations by the author was greeted by my daughter with delight. 10-year-old daughter and friends persuaded Astrid to send the manuscript to one of the major Swedish publishing houses.
Since this all started...
The writer sent one copy of the manuscript to the largest Stockholm publishing house Bonnier. After some deliberation, the manuscript was rejected. But the writer had already decided everything for herself and in 1944 she took part in the competition for the best book for girls, announced by the relatively new and little-known publishing house "Raben & Sjotgren".
Lindgren won second prize for Britt-Marie Pouring Out Her Soul and her publishing deal.
At the same time, the writer closely followed the discussion about upbringing that was unfolding in society, advocating an upbringing that would take into account the thoughts and feelings of children and thus show respect for them.
She became an author consistently speaking from a child's perspective.
Worldwide recognition for a long time could not reconcile the author with the Swedish state commission for children's and educational literature. From the point of view of official educators, Lindgren's tales were incorrect and not instructive enough.
And then Lindgren starts working in this publishing house as the editor of the children's literature department.
Five years later, the writer receives the Niels Holgerson Prize, then the German Prize for the Best Children's Book (Mio, My Mio).
She worked at this publishing house until her retirement, which she officially retired in 1970.
In 1946, she published the first story about the detective Kalle Blumkvist, thanks to which she won the first prize at a literary competition (Astrid Lindgren did not participate in the competitions anymore).
Carlson became kinder in the USSR
The idea of \u200b\u200bCarlson, who lives on the roof, was also suggested by his daughter.
Astrid drew attention to Karin's funny story that when the girl is left alone, a small cheerful man flies into her room through the window, who hides behind a picture if adults enter.
His name was Liljem Quarsten - a magical uncle in a pointed hat who takes lonely children on incredible travels at dusk. He came to life in the collection "Little Nils Carlson" .
And in 1955 "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof" appeared.
Carlson is the first positive character in a children's book with a full set of negative traits. He made me believe that all our fears and problems are just "trifles, a matter of everyday life."
In March 1966, the French language teacher Lilianna Lungina - the wife of the screenwriter Semyon Lungin, the mother of filmmakers Eugene and Pavel Lungin - brought home a Swedish book by a certain Astrid Lindgren in an old string bag.
For a year she had dreamed of working as a translator, and the publishing house "Children's Literature" promised to conclude a contract with her if there was a good Swedish book ...
In 1967 the first Soviet edition of Carlson was published.
The book instantly became popular. By 1974, more than 10 million (!) Copies of the tale had been sold.
Lindgren liked to repeat in her interviews that Carlson "has something Russian". And then Lindgren came to Moscow. Lilianna Lungina recalled: "Astrid turned out to be surprisingly similar to her books - perceptive, very smart. Light and really funny. When she came to us, she pulled our six-year-old son Zhenya out of bed and began to play with him on the carpet, and when we accompanied her to the hotel, she , getting off the trolleybus, I danced so infectiously and enthusiastically on the street that we had to answer her in kind ... "
Carlson's "personality cult" in the USSR began after the release of the animated series "The Kid and Carlson" and "Carlson Returned" filmed at the Soyuzmultfilm studio.
It could have become a trilogy (a series about Uncle Julius), if the director of the cartoon Boris Stepantsev had not been carried away by new projects.
And the leading role in the cult cartoon was played by the artist Anatoly Savchenko. It was he who created the characters who ousted the originals of Ilon Wikland from our consciousness.
Many catch phrases from m / f are missing in the book. Let's remember at least:
- "Karlson is expensive!"
- "Fu! I served my whole neck"
- "Do I love children? How can I tell you? ... Crazy!"
- "And I'm crazy! What a shame ..."
The emphasis was shifted towards the loneliness of the Kid. And instead of the mischievous boy that Lindgren had (he throws stones and defies Miss Bock) we see a sad big-eyed melancholic.
Carlson, in Russian translation, is generally good-natured.
How a fairy tale changed power
Astrid Lindgren earned more than one million crowns selling the rights to publish her books and their adaptation, to release audio and video cassettes, CDs with recordings of her songs or literary works in her own performance.
But all these years, her lifestyle has not changed - Lindgren lived in the same modest Stockholm apartment and preferred to distribute money to others.
Only once, in 1976, when the tax collected by the state amounted to 102% (!) Of her profits, Lingren protested.
She sent an open letter to the Stockholm newspaper Expresssen, in which she told a story about a certain Pomperipossa from Monismania. In this fairy tale for adults, Astrid Lindgren took the position of a layman and tried to expose the vices of society and its pretense.
In the year of parliamentary elections, the fairy tale became a bomb for the bureaucratic apparatus of the Swedish Social Democratic Party, which had been in power for over 40 years in a row.
The Social Democrats lost the elections.
At the same time, the writer herself was a member of this party all her life.
Her letter was so well received because of the general respect she enjoyed in Sweden. Books in her performance were listened to on the radio by Swedish children. Her voice, face and sense of humor were also known to adults, who constantly saw and heard Lindgren on radio and television, where she hosted various quizzes and talk shows.
“Not Violence,” she said at the presentation of the German Bookselling Peace Prize.
"We all know - reminded Lindgren, - that children who are beaten and abused will themselves beat and abuse their children, and therefore this vicious circle must be broken. ".
In the spring of 1985, she spoke publicly about harassment of farm animals.
Prime Minister Ingvar Karlson himself listened. When he paid a visit to Astrid Lindgren, she asked what kind of young people he brought with him. "These are my bodyguards" - answered Carlson.
"Quite reasonable of you, - said the 78-year-old writer, - you never know what to expect from me when I'm in this mood! "
And in the newspapers there was a fairy tale about a loving cow protesting against the mistreatment of livestock. In June 1988, the Animal Welfare Act was passed, which is called the Lindgren Act.
She was always afraid not to be in time ...
Astrid Sture's husband died in 1952.
Then - mother, father, and in 1974 her brother and several old friends died.
And a son.
A voluntary retreat began.
"Life is a wonderful thing, it drags on for so long and yet is so short!" she said.
The only thing Astrid was really afraid of was not being in time.
In recent years, she rarely left home and did not communicate with journalists.
She practically lost her sight and hearing, but always tried to be aware of everything that was happening.
When Astrid turned 90, she turned to numerous fans with an appeal not to send her gifts, but to send funds to a bank account for the construction of a children's medical center in Stockholm, where the writer herself sent an impressive amount.
Now this center - the largest in Northern Europe - is rightfully called the Astrid Lindgren Center.
Her books have been translated into more than 80 languages \u200b\u200bof the world and published in more than 100 countries.
It is said that if the entire circulation of Astrid Lindgren's books is put in a vertical stack, then it will be 175 times higher than the Eiffel Tower.
There is the Astrid Lindgren Fairy Tale Museum "Junibacken" in Stockholm.
Nearby there is "Astrid Lindgren Park", where you can run on the rooftops with Carlson, ride your own horse Pippi Longstocking and wander along Ugly Street.
The children's writer was posthumously nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.
For the past ten years, the Swedish press has been annually calling for Astrid Lindgren's Nobel Prize.
But children's writers have never received this award. Children's literature seems to live on its own. Maybe because she faces not only literary tasks, but also pedagogical ones. And society always resists, lags behind.
The Lindgren Award was never given ...
Oleg FOCHKIN
MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD
Astrid with her older brother Gunnar
"From my childhood, I first of all remember not people, but that amazing and beautiful environment that surrounded me. With age, the sensations become less and less vivid, but then the whole world around was unimaginably saturated and full of colors. Strawberries among the rocks, carpets of blue spring flowers, meadows of primrose, blueberry thickets known only to us, a forest covered with moss, through which graceful pink flowers make their way, Nes's walks, where we knew every path and every pebble like the back of your hand, a stream with water lilies, ditches, springs and trees - all I remember this much more clearly than people. "
Nes's wonderful landscapes not only provided a unique playground for children, but also allowed them to develop a vivid imagination. Little Eriksson relentlessly came up with exciting new games with what they saw around them. The songs and prayers learned by the children were also important for these games.
Amazing magic games.
"Oh, how we knew how to play! The four of us could play tirelessly from morning to night. All our games were fun and active, and sometimes even life-threatening, which, of course, we were completely unaware of at that time. We climbed on the tallest trees and jumped between the rows of boards at the sawmill. We climbed high on the roof and balanced on it, and if only one of us stumbled, our games could stop forever. "
One of the favorite games of the little Eriksson and their guests in Näs was "Don't step on the floor." In this case, all the children had to climb the furniture in the bedroom without touching the floor at all. It is in such a game, but much later, that Pippi will offer to play Tommy and Annika at the Chicken Villa.
"From the office door, we had to climb onto the sofa, from there climb to the kitchen door, and then to the dressing table and the work table. Then we could jump to my father's bed, and from there to the upholstered ottoman, which we could move to the living room door, after why on the open fireplace again move to the door of the office. "
Another favorite game of Astrid and Gunnar was the wind-sail game.
The children had to run through all the rooms of the house, starting from different ends of it, and meet in the kitchen, where each had to poke another finger in the stomach and shout "wind-sail!"
This is what Emil and Ida play in the books about Emil from Lönnerberg.
There was an old elm in Nes, which Astrid and her brother and sisters called "the owl tree."
The inside of the tree was completely hollow, and the children loved to play in it.
One day Gunnar climbed a tree, holding a hen's egg. He put the egg in an owl's nest, and twenty-one days later he found in it a newly hatched chicken, which his mother later bought from him in seventy-five oers.
Astrid tells this story to us in the book "We are all from Bullerby", where little Bosse does this trick of Gunnar.
However, at the beginning of the last century, the children of farmers had not only to rest, but also to do hard work. They planted turnips, weeded nettles from vegetable gardens and reaped crops.
Everyone was busy working on the farm: both the children of hired workers and the children of the owners.
“As was customary in those days, of course, from childhood, we were brought up with awe and awe before the Lord. However, in our free time, no one followed us, no one told us what to do. And we played and played and played ... If we had the opportunity, we could play forever! "
According to Astrid herself, she very clearly remembered the moment when her childhood came to an end, and the terrible realization came to her that the games were over forever.
"I remember that moment very well. We then loved to play with the priest's granddaughter, when she came to Nes for the holidays. And one summer, on her next visit, we were going to start our usual games and suddenly found that to play It was a very strange feeling, and we became very sad, because we did not know at all what else we could do without playing "........
Well, and a book, of course :)
A book written by The Amazing Storyteller Astrid Lindgren.
It contains nine short stories. Not related to each other.
I have always loved "There are no robbers in the forest" and "Little Nils Carlson".
The translation of fairy tales in the book is familiar from childhood - L. Braude.
And in "Princess ..." and in "Beloved Sister" - E. Solovyova. I really don't remember if I read these two fairy tales as a child ...
Drawings in the book by Ekaterina Kostina. Vaschinskaya. Kostina-Vaschinskaya ... I got confused with changing her surnames :)
I love her "crackle" drawings :)
So the question of buying this book was not for me - Lindgren + Kostina \u003d I'm happy :)
Well, about the publication.
It's very good! Large format, sturdy cover, matte chalk, large bold print and excellent print quality.
I very much approve of this book and shamelessly recommend it for purchase :)
Astrid Lindgren
"Little Nils Carlson"
Publisher - Machaon
Year - 2015
Binding - cardboard with partial varnishing
Paper - coated
Format - encyclopedic
Pages - 128
Circulation - 8,000 copies
Translated by L. Braude, E. Solovyova
Artist - Ekaterina KOSTINA
The books of Astrid Anna Emilia Eriksson (1907-2002), better known as Astrid Lindgren, changed the attitude of the whole world to the child in particular and to childhood in general. They have been translated into almost a hundred languages, and their total circulation exceeds 150 million copies. In 1996, Russian scientists named an asteroid after the writer, and in 2015 her portrait took the place of Selma Lagerlöf on the Swedish 20 kronor banknote. Years after Lindgren's death, previously unpublished books are still becoming world bestsellers: these are "War Diaries", which Astrid Lindgren kept in the 1940s, as an analyst for Swedish intelligence, and correspondence with a German woman in love with her Louise Hartung, published as a separate volume a few years ago. In 2014, a biography of Astrid Lindgren, written by Jens Andersen, was published, with previously unknown details. How did a country girl from a peasant family become one of the most famous writers in literary history?
How it all started
Ericsson family with children. Astrid - third from left Wikimedia CommonsAstrid was born into a peasant family in the Swedish province of Småland. Her parents raised their children in Lutheran traditions, but at the same time they allowed them to play for their own pleasure and gave them complete freedom. Childhood in Småland influenced many of Lindgren's books: Emil from "The Adventures of Emil from Lönneberg" is Astrid Gunnar's older brother, Madiken from Uni-Bakken from the book of the same name - her best friend, with whom they climbed trees and roofs. The games and adventures of a children's company from Bullerby (“We are all from Bullerby”) are entirely based on the events from the childhood of the writer.
In 1924, 17-year-old Astrid was one of the first to support a youth riot that reached her patriarchal home town of Vimmerby: she cuts her hair short and walks in men's suits, causing strong condemnation from her parents. Then he becomes a trainee in the local newspaper "Wim-Merby Tiding", where he carries out minor assignments and writes short reports. After some time, she begins an affair with the owner of the newspaper Reinhold Bloomberg: he is 30 years older, married and has seven children from his first marriage. Astrid's son Lars was born in 1926. For a long time, Lars was considered the son of Astrid's only husband, Sture Lindgren. Who his real father is will become known only in 2014, many years after the death of the writer, from the documentary film by Christina Lindström "Astrid" and the biography of Jens Andersen "Astrid Lindgren. This day is life. ".
© astridlindgren.se
Astrid (far right) with her friends. 1924 year© astridlindgren.se
“I grew up in a highly respected home. My parents are very religious. There was never a single speck on the reputation of our family - indeed, of our entire family. I still remember how, even before Lasse was born, my mother was indignant if a young woman had a so-called out-of-wedlock child. And then it happens to me, ”Lindgren later wrote in a letter to a woman whose child was brought up in the same foster family as her son. Until the age of three, Lars lived with a foster family near Copenhagen. Astrid often visited her son, but this period of her life was the darkest and most painful, and the memories of him were very painful until her death.
How Astrid Lindgren became famous
Astrid with her son Lars. Late 1920s - early 1930s© astridlindgren.se
Astrid Lindgren at the Skåne International Grand Prix as Secretary of the Royal Society of Motorists. 1933 © astridlindgren.se
In 1929, Astrid took up the position of secretary of the Royal Society of Motorists in Stockholm, and two years later she married her boss, Sture Lindgren. In the fall of 1931, Astrid and Sture took Lars to their place on Vulcanusgatan: for the next few years, Astrid sits with her son at home and often tells him stories that she comes up with on the go. She writes down the most successful, and in 1933 Gunnar, in order to help his sister in need of money, helps to publish these stories in the newspaper "Stockholm Tiedningen" and the magazine "Landsbyugdens juhl", where he had acquaintances. Astrid herself would later call these stories stupid, but she will continue to write and will send her manuscripts to magazines.
In 1944, Astrid offers her first serious manuscript, Pippi Longstocking, to Bonnier, which responds with a refusal, but in the same year, Lindgren's short story, Britt Marie Pours Out Her Soul, receives a second prize of 1,200 crowns. at a book competition for de-vo-check, announced by the small new publishing house Raben & Sjögren. The owner of the publishing house, Hans Raben, was terribly disappointed that an ordinary housewife won the competition. However, despite this, a year later he agreed to publish Peppy: the book enjoyed incredible success, and in 1946 Astrid was invited to the post of editor at the same publishing house. There she will work until her retirement in 1970.
Astrid Lindgren and Hans Raben at his 60th birthday astridlindgren.se All of her books have been and continue to be published in Raben and Sjögren. When asked what a children's book should be, Lindgren always answered: “It should be good. I assure you, I have devoted a lot of thought to this question, but I haven’t come up with another answer: it must be good ”.
Astrid's husband dies in 1952. She grieved at his death, although many years later she confessed in a letter to her German friend Louise Hartung: “There is no such man in the world who could seduce me with a new marriage. The ability to be alone is just incredible happiness: to take care of yourself, to have your own opinion, to act independently, to decide for yourself, to arrange your life, sleep, think, oh-oh-oh-oh! "
In the 1950s and 1960s, Astrid Lindgren wrote the most famous books: “Mio, my Mio” (1954), the Carlson trilogy (1955-1968), “Rasmus the Tramp” (1956), “Madiken” (1960), “ Emil of Lönneberg "(1963)," On the island of Saltkrok "(1964), and in 1958 he received the Hans Christian Andersen Prize, the most prestigious in the world of children's literature.
In the 1970s, Astrid participates in public debate, tries to persuade skinheads and writes a column in the newspaper Expressin. In 1976, while filing a tax return, she discovers that her taxes account for 102% of her income. Then Astrid composes his famous satirical tale "Pomperipossa of Monismania", in which he ridicules the tax policy of Sweden. The fairy tale was published by Expresssen, which caused a huge resonance throughout the country. Treasury Minister Gunnar Strang was deeply outraged, and this started a discussion about reforms to the Swedish tax system.
Gunnar Strang (Minister of Finance at the time) reads the tale "Pomperipossa of Monismania". 1976 year astridlindgren.se In America and Europe, Astrid Lindgren's books were published almost immediately after their release in Sweden, but they were not always perceived unambiguously. They criticized her mainly for books about Pippi - for example, in France, the cycles about Pippi and Emil from Lönneberg were published in a rather conservative retelling, and later, in the 1990s, Pippi was considered a model of intolerance due to anecdotes about aborigines and Brazilians who break eggs on their heads.
"Pippi Longstocking" and the revolution in children's literature
Astrid Lindgren with her daughter Karin. 1934 year© astridlindgren.se
Astrid Lindgren with her daughter Karin. 1940s© astridlindgren.se
In 1934, Sture and Astrid had a daughter, Karin. When she was seven years old, she contracted pneumonia and asked her mother to tell her something. "What exactly?" She asked. "Tell me about Pippi Longstocking!" - suggested Karin, on the go, composed an unusual name. For several years in a row, Astrid continued to invent stories about Pippi, but wrote them down only when she slipped, sprained her leg and was in bed for a while. Simultaneously with Pippi, Astrid kept diaries, which she herself called "military". In them, she described her private life and reflected on the war and politics - in particular, about whether Sweden should intervene in the war between Russia and Finland and whether the Germans would refute accusations of brutal extermination of Jews.... She later noticed that she was best at writing early in the morning. “All of Sweden already knows: I am so lazy that I write while lying in bed,” she said in an interview.
When Karin was ten, Astrid gave her the finished manuscript, and the second copy, as already mentioned, sent to the largest Swedish publishing house Bonnier. Later, the owner of the publishing house Gerard Bonnier recalled with regret that he did not dare to publish a book that seemed to him too radical and provocative because of the character of the main character - a girl who does not obey any conventions. Before showing the text of Raben and Sjögren, Astrid revised the manuscript, removing the harshest moments and adjusting the style. The first (rejected) version was first published in 2007.
The original manuscript about Pippi Longstocking, presented to daughter Karin for her tenth birthday. On the cover is Astrid Lindgren's own drawing. astridlindgren.se In the original, the heroine's name is Pippi: this is how it sounds in the translation of Lyudmila Braude (1993). However, the translation by Lilianna Lungina, made in 1965, is more popular. The full name of the red-haired girl is Peppilotta Victualia Rulgardina Crisminta Ephraimdotter Longstocking. Her mother died when Peppy was very young, and her father is a Negro king In the German translation of the book, for reasons of political correctness, he was made the king of the cannibals, and in Sweden in 2015, Peppy was edited, and the Negro king became the Pacific king., sea captain who was washed away by the wave. Pippi is nine years old, she lives in the old "Chicken" villa with her horse and a monkey named Mr. Nilsson and makes a child's dream of permissiveness come true. This image is the exact opposite of the ideal of a 1940s Swedish girl, obedient, virtuous and hardworking.
Paphos Lindgren is not about rethinking gender roles. Peppy possesses remarkable strength, wealth, and unlimited freedom. Peppy sends herself to bed and gives herself nagging.... Lindgren was one of the first to depict the world from the perspective of children, based on their motives, desires and needs. Her humor is read by both children and adults, and in the books, teachings and morality are completely absent. The books about Pippi have erased the tradition of portraying a child as a creature that needs to be instilled with various virtues.
"Mio, my Mio" and other books about loneliness
Cover of the first edition of Astrid Lindgren's story Mio, My Mio. 1954 year
Lars, son of Astrid Lindgren. 1930s© astridlindgren.se
In the early 1950s, returning from work in the evening through Tegner Park, Astrid saw a lonely boy sitting on a bench. She imperceptibly followed him to the entrance at 13B on Uplandsgatan Street: this is how the image of Busse arose - an unloved child in a foster family, who became the main character of Mio, My Mio (1954). The hero of the book also lives on Uplandsgatan In Russian translation, the house number is 13., endures the abuse and nagging of adoptive parents and dreams of a real father.
The theme of loneliness and orphanhood can be traced in almost all of Astrid's books - adopted by Mio, the orphaned Pippi, Rasmus from the book "Rasmus the Tramp" (1956). Perhaps, in this way, Astrid experienced the loneliness of her son, who spent the first three years of his life in a foster family.
The book about Mio changed the attitude towards children's literature in Sweden. Professor Ulle Holmberg, who enjoyed great prestige in literary circles, wrote in a review for the newspaper Dagens Nycheter that "children's books deserve the same serious treatment as adults."
Cycle about Carlson: the strangest children's book
Cover of the first edition of Carlson Who Lives on the Roof by Astrid Lindgren. Illustrations by Ilon Wikland. 1955 year © Publishing House Rabén & Sjögren
The cover of the first edition of Carlson Who Lives on the Roof Has Arrived Again by Astrid Lindgren. Illustrations by Ilon Wikland. 1962 year © Publishing House Rabén & Sjögren
The cover of the first edition of Carlson, Who Lives on the Roof, Is Mischievous Again by Astrid Lindgren. Illustrations by Ilon Wikland. 1968 year © Publishing House Rabén & Sjögren
The cycle about Carlson consists of three books: "The Kid and Carlson Who Lives on the Roof" (1955), "Carlson Who Lives on the Roof Has Arrived Again" (1962) and "Carlson, Who Lives on the Roof, Is Playing Naughty Again" (1968 ).
The story of Carlson's appearance every year acquires new myths. Swedish critics have repeatedly noted that Astrid copied her character from Mr. O "Malley from the American Cro-kett Johnson's popular comics in the 1940s. In them, a creature with pink dragonfly wings unexpectedly flies through the window to a boy named Barnaby Baxter before going to bed. like a propeller. ”Mr. O" Malley was about 90 centimeters tall and was a member of the Society of Elves, Leprechauns, Dwarfs, and Little Men. A half-smoked Havana cigar served as his magic wand.
Cover of the first edition of Mr. O "Malley" Barnaby "Crockett Johnson's comic book album. 1944 Antic Hay Rare Books According to another version, the prototype of Carlson was Mr. Lillonquast, the angel of death from Astrid Lindgren's story "In the Twilight Country", included in the collection "Little Nils Carlson" (1949). Mr. Lillonquast is the Swedish counterpart of Ole Lukoye from Andersen's fairy tale of the same name. In Lindgren's book, he appears to the sick boy Goran and takes him to the Twilight Land, where "nothing else matters." Göran and Lillonkvast fly over night Stockholm just like Kid and Carlson a little later, only this flight is not at all fun. In addition, Mr. Lillonkvast's speech resembles Carlson's speech (for example, “it does not have the slightest meaning” is an analogue of the phrase “trifles, everyday business”).
Lindgren did not hide the fact that the Swanteson family has the same address - Vulcanusgatan 12 - as her own family, who moved there in 1929.
The books about Carlson were illustrated by the Swedish artist of Estonian origin Ilon Wikland. In Paris, at the market, she saw a fat man playing the accordion, very reminiscent of the hero of the book: red hair, a plaid shirt, blue pants with straps. Elon sketched and showed Astrid. She confirmed: this is what the hero she invented looks like.
Cover of the book "Three Stories about the Little Boy and Carlson" by Astrid Lindgren, translated by Lilianna Lungina. Moscow, 1975Publishing House "Children's Literature"
The cover of Astrid Lindgren's book Karlsson Who Lives on the Roof, translated by Ludmila Braude. Moscow, 1997Publishing house "Azbuka"
In Russia, Carlson owes its popularity to a brilliant translation. Lilianna Lungina, who opened this text to Soviet readers, did not know that Lindgren was already famous all over the world, and in a book review she predicted a great future for the author. Thanks to Lungina, the famous expressions "trifles, a matter of everyday life", "a moderately well-fed man in his prime", "kurosh" and many others went to the people. Her translation is considered canonical. The second translation was made in 1997 by Lyudmila Braude, who wanted to bring Carlson closer to the original. Another "s" appeared in the surname of Karlson, as in Swedish, and the "housewife" turned into a "home-goat". Braude's translation did not take root because of the dryness and literalism, but the field-mic around the two Russian versions of Carlson has not subsided to this day.
Emil of Lönneberg: a book on domestic violence
In the summer of 1962, Astrid Lindgren tried to calm down her grandson Karl Johan and unexpectedly asked him the question: "Guess what Emil from Lönneberg did once?" So the idea for a new book about the adventures of a little boy living with his family on the Kathult farm in Småland (where Astrid herself grew up) spontaneously came up. We learn about all Emil's tricks thanks to his homely mother, who wrote down everything that happened in a blue notebook.
Cover of Astrid Lindgren's story "Emil of Lönneberg". 1963 year Rabén & Sjögren Publishing House Lively and inquisitive Emil became one of Astrid Lindgren's most beloved heroes. The material for the stories was not only Gunnar's childhood antics, but also the stories of her father Samuel August about childhood, as well as phrases of her son, nephew and numerous grandchildren. The Adventures of Emile from Len-ne-Berga recreates the image of a carefree childhood in the lap of nature, which, as Astrid Lindgren herself has repeatedly noticed in letters and interviews, is so lacking for city children.
Danish researcher Jens Andersen considers the struggle for power between Emil and his father to be the main conflict of the trilogy: “This struggle arises either from the father's fear that his son will soon outgrow him, or from the son's indomitable desire to command his father ... This struggle flares up when the son shows himself smarter, more intelligent, more humane and inventive than his father. " Every time Emil avoids his father's flogging thanks to his mother, who hides him from punishment in the barn.
Astrid Lindgren considered it completely unacceptable to beat children. In 1978 she was supposed to be awarded the prestigious Peace Prize of the German booksellers. In her speech of thanks, the writer wanted to talk about violence and tyranny, primarily about domestic violence, from which children suffer. A person who was beaten as a child is more likely to become a tyrant and carry this aggression further. To stop wars and start serious political change in the world, you need to start with the child. However, the organizers felt that the speech was provocative, and they asked Astrid to soften it. In response, the writer said that in this case she would not come to the award ceremony at all, after which the committee changed its decision. In 1979, Sweden passed a law prohibiting corporal punishment of children.
Astrid Lindgren at the German Booksellers Peace Prize. 1978 year astridlindgren.se Astrid Lindgren received thousands of letters from children and adults and tried to answer everyone. In 1971, a 12-year-old girl, Sarah, wrote to her. The letter began with the question "Would you like to make me HAPPY?" and it became the beginning of a long secret correspondence, which was published in a book entitled "I keep your letters under the mattress" a few years after the death of the writer. The difference of 50 years did not prevent this friendship and frank talk about love, death, rebellion, freedom and God.
After the death of Astrid Lindgren, the Swedish government almost immediately instituted a memorial prize in her name for her achievements in the field of children's reading. This is the first prize in the world of children's literature after the Nobel Prize: 5 million crowns, that is, about half a million euros.
Images: Astrid Lindgren plays with the children. 1971 © Alert / ullstein bild via Getty Images
Sources
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- Lungina L. Interlinear. The life of Lilianna Lungina, told by her in the film by Oleg Dorman.
- Metkaf E.-M. Astrid Lindgren.
Stockholm, 2002.
- Milles W. In the footsteps of Astrid Lindgren.
Stockholm, 2007.
- Strömstedt M. Great storyteller. The Life of Astrid Lindgren.
- Ljunggren K. Läs om Astrid Lindgren.
Stockholm, 1992.
- Schwetz K. Översättaren som medförfattare. Översättarens språk och uttryckssätt i den ryska översättningen av Pippi Långstrump.
Göteborg, 2010.
- Skott S. En bok om Astrid Lindgren.
Stockholm, 1977.
- Westin B. Children’s Litterature in Sweden.
Swedish children's writer Astrid Lindgren (née Anna Emilia Eriksson) was born on November 14, 1907 in southern Sweden, in the small town of Vimmerby in the province of Småland, into a farmer's family.
After graduating from high school, Astrid took up journalism and worked for the local newspaper Wimmerby Tidningen. Then she moved to Stockholm, trained as a stenographer.
In December 1926, Astrid had a son, Lars. Due to the lack of livelihood and lack of work, the young mother had to give her son to the family of foster parents in Denmark.
In 1927 she got a job as a secretary at the Torsten Lindfors office.
In 1928, Astrid got a job as a secretary at the Royal Automobile Club.
In April 1931, she married her boss, Sture Lindgren, and took her husband's surname.
After marriage, Astrid Lindgren was able to take her son, whom her husband adopted. She devoted herself entirely to taking care of Lars, and then of her daughter Karin, born in 1934. In fits and starts she took up secretarial work, composing fairy tales for family magazines and Christmas calendars.
In 1944, Lindgren entered the Raben & Sjögren competition for the best book for girls and won second prize for Britt-Marie Pours Out Her Soul and a publishing contract for its publication.
Astrid Lindgren jokingly recalled that one of the reasons that prompted her to write were the cold Stockholm winters and the illness of her little daughter Karin, who kept asking her mother to tell her about something. It was then that mother and daughter came up with a mischievous girl with red pigtails, Pippi Long Stocking. The stories about Pippi were later included in the book that Lindgren gave her daughter on her birthday, and in 1945 the first book about Pippi was published by Raben & Shegren.
1940-1950s - the heyday of Lindgren's creative activity. She wrote the Pippi Longstocking trilogy (1945-1952) and the story of the detective Kalle Blumkvist (1946-1953).
Astrid Lindgren's books have been translated into 91 languages \u200b\u200bof the world. The most popular plots related to the girl Pippi Longstocking and Carlson formed the basis of many theatrical performances and film adaptations.
All over the world, created by a writer.
Soon after the death of the writer in 2002, the Swedish government in order to promote the development of children's and youth literature was - one of the largest in the field of literature for children and adolescents. The amount of the reward is 5 million SEK (500 thousand euros).
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
We wish you good luck
In that unknown and new world
So that you don't feel lonely
To keep the angels from leaving.Biography
Astrid Lindgren's biography is the story of a happy, kind, talented, hardworking woman. She was not only an amazing talented writer, but she was also kind of a wonderful child psychologist. Her progressive - in those days - views on raising children were often taken with hostility by conservative educators and children's writers. They not only believed that Lindgren's stories were not instructive enough, but they were also convinced that they advocated permissiveness and disobedience. Nevertheless, Lindgren's tales are still read by millions of adults and children, and Astrid Lindgren herself is popular not only in her country, but all over the world.
Lindgren was born in a small Swedish town. After school, sixteen-year-old Astrid worked in a local newspaper, but soon a serious event happened in her life - she became pregnant. A young unmarried girl, fearing condemnation, left for Stockholm, practically without money and connections. There she continued to work, and when her son was born, she was forced to give the child to a foster family, since she could not feed him. This was a difficult decision for Lindgren, but her early marriage allowed her to take a boy named Lars into her family. In the following years, she devoted herself entirely to taking care of the house and children - in marriage, she had a daughter named Karen. It was Karen who inspired her mother, the future world famous writer, to write fairy tales. Often, when Karen was ill, Lindgren would sit by her bed and write different stories to entertain her daughter. It was Karen who invented the heroine Pippi Longstocking, and her mother only had to tell her daughter a story, and then write a book based on it. Pippi was not Lindgren's first literary experience - in parallel with taking care of the house, Astrid wrote notes, small fairy tales. The first book published by her was the story "British Marie Pours Out Her Soul", which helped her to get not only a contract, but also an editorial position in the publishing house. The further rise in the literary biography of Lindgren was already completely dependent on herself - a hardworking woman in 5-6 years wrote a trilogy about Pippi, several books for girls and plays, collections of fairy tales, and many others. etc. A few years later, the heroes of Lindgren helped the former housewife to earn a huge fortune. Lindgren's books were filmed, staged in theaters, translated into various languages \u200b\u200bof the world, and the writer Lindgren herself became a very popular person in her country, who was known and loved by children and adults of all ages.
Lindgren's death came at 94. Lindgren's cause of death was natural; in the last years of her life, Lindgren was ill and gradually faded away. Lindgren's funeral took place a month later, due to the peculiarities of the funeral services in Sweden. Lindgren's grave, according to her will, is in the cemetery of her hometown of Vimmerby.
Life line
November 14, 1907Date of birth Astrid Lindgren (Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren, née Ericsson).
1926 g.Moving to Stockholm.
december 1926 Birth of Lindgren's son Lars.
1927 g. Working at the Royal Auto Club, meeting Sture Lindgren.
april 1931 Wedding with Sture Lindgren.
1934 g.Birth of daughter Karin.
1944 g.Prize for the novel "Britt-Marie pours out her soul."
1945 g. Publication of the book "Pippi Longstocking", work as an editor of children's literature at the publishing house "Raben and Sjogren".
1946 g. Publication of the story "Kalle Blumkvist plays".
1947 g. A screen version of the stories about Kalle Blumkvist.
1952 g. Death of Astrid Lindgren's husband.
1954 g. Writing the story "Mio, my Mio!"
1955 g. The publication of the book "Kid and Carlson".
1958 g. Lindgren was awarded the Hans Christian Andersen Medal.
1962 g. The release of the book "Carlson, who lives on the roof, has flown again."
1968 year The release of the book "Carlson, who lives on the roof, is playing pranks again."
1969 year Received the Swedish State Prize for Literature.
1969 year Production by the Royal Drama Theater of Carlson Who Lives on the Roof.
1978 year World Prize of the German Book Trade for the novel "The Brothers of the Lionheart", awarding the Medal of Albert Schweitzer.
1984 year Soviet film adaptation of the book "Pippi Longstocking".
1987 year Release of the film "Mio, my Mio!", Filmed by the USSR jointly with Norway and Sweden.
January 28, 2002 Date of death of Astrid Lindgren.
March 8, 2002 Funeral of Astrid Lindgren.Memorable places
1. Vimmerby, Sweden, where Lindgren was born.
2. Astrid Lindgren's house in Stockholm.
3. Cathedral of St. Nicholas in Stockholm, where the farewell to Astrid Lindgren took place.
4. Amusement Park "Astrid Lindgren's World", located in Vimmerby.
5. Monument to Astrid Lindgren in Stockholm near the Lindgren Museum.
6. Astrid Lindgren's Junibacken Museum in Stockholm.
7. Cemetery in Vimmerby, where Lindgren is buried.Episodes of life
Once Astrid Lindgren wrote a letter to the President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev with the words: "I am afraid of war, are you?" Gorbachev answered the world famous children's writer: "Me too."
Astrid Lindgren has always taken care of children. Her books were often instructive, and not so much for children as for their parents. Also, the writer founded a children's hospital near Stockholm. At the 1978 Peace Prize, she gave a speech titled "Not Violence." In it, she told a story about a boy whom her mother wanted to punish and sent for the rods. The boy did not find the rod, but he brought a stone to his mother, thinking that if his mother wanted to hurt him, then a stone would also work. Mom burst into tears and put the stone on the shelf. Lindgren ended her speech with the words: "It would be nice for all of us to put a small pebble on the kitchen shelf as a reminder to children and ourselves - no violence!"
Lindgren was not a politician, but she had an influence on the political life of her country, as she was a very respected person in Sweden. For example, her tale of a cow contributed to the animal welfare law, which is even called "Lindgren's Law."
The last years of her life, Lindgren was ill, she became blind and almost lost her sight, so she rarely went out and almost did not give interviews. Nevertheless, the writer tried to stay abreast of what is happening in the world, and also annually personally presented the prize for literature, named in her honor.
Covenant
“Working for me all my life has been the greatest pleasure. In the evenings I happily thought that tomorrow morning would come and I could write again. "
"Fear a quiet life!"
Telecast about Astrid LindgrenCondolences
“In everything she did, common sense was combined with directness and warmth, and in this she was unique.”
Suzanne Eman-Sunden, co-editor of the book on Astrid Lindgren“The work of your famous compatriot is not only the property of Swedish literature. Several generations of children from many countries grew up on her surprisingly light and witty tales. They are known and loved in Russia. The best memory of Astrid Lindgren - a wonderful writer and truly great storyteller - will be her books that teach us to rejoice and fantasize, appreciate kindness and friendship. "
Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation“Astrid Lindgren and her work have meant a lot to all of us, children and adults. Her works delighted readers not only in Sweden, but all over the world, awakening the best feelings in them. The setting and characters in her fairy tales were so different from everyday life that it was often impossible to predict what she would talk about. For my family and I, meetings with Astrid Lindgren, as well as with her fairy tales, were moments of celebration. We will all miss Astrid Lindgren, but we are glad that she continues to live on in Pippi Longstocking, Madiken, Mio, the Lionheart brothers and her other heroes. We want to thank Astrid Lindgren for her great and invaluable work throughout her life. "
Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden