Working with the epigraphs of the story "The Captain's Daughter". (8th grade). Epigraphs from the novel "the captain's daughter" by chapters: analysis, meaning of epigraphs ("take care of your honor from your youth", etc.) The meaning of the epigraph to chapter 1 of the captain's daughter

Moiseeva Angelina.

Literature. 7th grade. Project. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The meaning of epigraphs.

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1 slide ... The meaning of epigraphs in "The Captain's Daughter"

2.slide

Demonstrate the multifunctional role of the epigraph in a literary work.
Development of the skill of independent work with text, dictionaries, additional literature, on the Internet.
Formation of moral criteria associated with the concepts of "honor", "national identity".
Learning to communicate in a dialogue situation.

3 slide.

An epigraph is a short text placed by the author in front of his work or part of it. As a rule, the epigraph is a quote from any source - a literary work, a work of folklore, a philosophical treatise, etc.

The character of the epigraphs in "The Captain's Daughter" is interesting, unusual for a poet: out of 17 epigraphs, 10 are borrowed from folklore. Epigraphs are selected for each chapter and for the entire novel, that is, they make up a system. The fact that the system of epigraphs is in harmony with the ideological content is said at the end of the story: "We decided, with the permission of our relatives, to publish it separately, looking for a decent epigraph for each chapter ..."

4 slide.

Chapter 1

The epigraph indicates the position of Father Pyotr Grinev, a faithful campaigner under Count Minich. Each nobleman, according to Andrei Petrovich, must serve the Fatherland: "... let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him smell gunpowder, let there be a soldier, not shamaton", "Serve faithfully, to whom you will swear ..."

The epigraph outlines the fate of the protagonist.

In addition, it embodies the opinion that military service is honorable, in modern terms, prestigious. Compare with the statement of Pyotr Grinev: "I imagined myself as an officer of the Guard, which, in my opinion, was the height of human well-being."

5 slide.

Chapter 2

According to the title of the chapter, the epigraphs refer to Pugachev and characterizes him as a "good fellow", who was led in the "unfamiliar side" by "the quickness, cheerfulness of a brave and a hoppy tavern." Although there is a contradiction here: the side is familiar to Pugachev, but another concern led him in this direction. “The side is familiar to me,” the road man answered, “thank God, it’s well-groomed and ridden up and down”. The song from the epigraph echoes the other - "Don't make noise, mother green oak tree" (Chapter VIII), emphasizing the tragedy of Pugachev's image.

6 slide.

Chapter 3

The epigraph taken from a soldier's song corresponds to the humorous, ironic tone of a memoirist recalling the delusions and mistakes of his youth. In this chapter, the attitudes of the author and narrator to the events described are probably largely identical. It should be noted that the title of the chapter "Fortress" is called, the beginning of the narrative "The Belogorsk fortress was forty versts from Orenburg" and the epigraph "We live in the fortress (in the fortress) ..."

7 slide.

Chapter 4

The epigraph from Knyazhnin, with a slight touch of humor, nullifies all the drama of the upcoming duel between Grinev and Shvabrin. Pushkin seems to laugh at the youthful incontinence of his hero. The epigraph uses the professional terms of the duelists "positura", "figure".

8 slide.

Chapter 5

For the chapters in which the theme of Marya Ivanovna unfolds, epigraphs from folk songs, proverbs, and love lyrics of poets of the 18th century are given. Thus, Pushkin shows his sympathy for the main character, emphasizes that her character is close to the national ideal.

Excerpts from the folk song are imbued with a mood of sadness, regret, disappointment. And this coincides with what is happening in the soul of the protagonist: “My life has become unbearable to me. I fell into a somber reverie, fueled by loneliness and inaction. My love flared up in solitude and from hour to hour it became more painful for me ... My spirit fell. "

9 slide.

Chapter 6

This chapter begins the story of the historical events that shook Russia. And the epigraph to this chapter is a kind of appeal to readers, a call for a serious perception of what will be discussed later.

10 slide.

^ Ch. VII "Attack".

The epigraph, briefly describing the main content of the chapter, at the same time clarifies the narrator's attitude to some of the characters. Grinev became attached to the Mironov family, although he saw their limitations. The epigraph explains that Captain Mironov is likable for disinterestedness, modesty, and honesty. The epigraph echoes the ending of the chapter. Vasilisa Yegorovna shouts: “You are my light, Ivan Kuzmich, a daring soldier's head! Neither Prussian bayonets nor Turkish bullets touched you; neither did you lay down your belly in a fair fight, but disappeared from the poor convict. " The epigraph and the end of the chapter make up a circular composition, this is facilitated by the repetition of the word "head". The epigraph is taken from a folk song and the words of Vasilisa Yegorovna are similar to the cry of the people, lamentations for the deceased. And, of course, the tragic tone of the epigraph and the concluding lines of the chapter coincide.

11 slide.

Ch. VIII "Uninvited Guest".

The proverb conveys the anxious mood of Pyotr Grinev, who found himself in a risky situation. Repeating the phrase "uninvited guest" twice, Pushkin emphasizes the destructive nature and drama of the Russian revolt.
12 slide.

Ch. IX "Parting".

Kheraskov's poems are filled with tenderness and lyricism. They seem to reflect the character of Marya Ivanovna, meek, soft, feminine. The chapter is called "Parting", and the epigraph reflects a sad mood: the word "sad" is repeated three times, conveying the state of lovers.

13 slide.

Ch. X "Siege of the city".

The epigraph is designed in a high style, makes Pugachev compare with an eagle. The eagle in folk mythology is a symbol of freedom, a proud and independent spirit, strength and power. Kheraskov uses the words of the high style "vzory", "city", "stan", "peruns", "in the night", which, referring to the work of Pushkin, emphasize the greatness and significance of the figure of Pugachev. The epigraph echoes the tale of the eagle and the raven, told by Pugachev to Grinev.

14 slide.

Chapter XI "Rebellious settlement".

The epigraph refers to Pugachev, who is likened to a lion. It is said about the natural ferocity of the lion, about his tenderness is explained by the fact that at “that time” he was “full”. It is believed that this epigraph was composed by Pushkin and attributed to Sumarokov. What was the literary hoax for? The words about the natural ferocity of the lion could be caused by censorship considerations. But most likely, a latent polemic with the traditional noble ideas about Pugachev. After all, the content of the chapter, and of the novel as a whole, testifies precisely to Pugachev's lack of natural ferocity. Sumarokov, however, did not rise above the people of his circle in this respect, calling Pugachev a "barbarian", "a rabid dog", "an enemy of the Fatherland" who surpassed the "tiger and the asp".

15 slide.

Ch. XII "Orphan".

The epigraph to some extent contradicts the content of the chapter, because it is in it that Pugachev himself “equips” and “blesses” the orphan. It is he who will be the planted father and organizer of Masha's happiness.
The words from the epigraph echo the words of the chapter, which are typical for oral folk art. "Dearie" she calls Masha a priest. Pugachev also speaks about Masha as "darling", "red maiden", "poor girl", "beauty"
16 slide.

Ch. XIII "Arrest".

Literary critics assume that these are also the author's words, stylized as Knyazhnin. The epigraph is connected, of course, with the main event - the arrest, which is reflected in the title. Grinev is arrested, but he is confident in the fairness of the trial, his innocence: “My conscience was clear; I was not afraid of the court ... "

17 slide.

Ch. XIV "Judgment".

The chapter deals with the consequences of the events consecrated in the previous chapters. If until now the narrative revealed mainly the relations of the characters from the point of view of Grinev, then at the end of the story different points of view clash about Grinev himself (the court, Grinev's parents, Marya Ivanovna, the empress, Grinev's descendants). As a result, the false opinion about him dissipates without a trace. Hence the epigraph "World rumor - sea wave".

18 slide.

The epigraphs form an ideological duet with the title of the chapter. Some literary scholars even advise to conduct an experiment: read only the titles of chapters and epigraphs to them.

Two groups of epigraphs express the folklore and book traditions of Russian literature, two layers of culture, two worldviews - noble and popular.

Each epigraph precedes the action, which will be described in the chapter. Each tunes the reader to the event or hero described in the chapter, sets a certain tone for the next story, that is, the epigraph acts as a kind of exposure.

Each epigraph carries on itself a semantic load, thanks to which one can not only feel the time in which the narration is going, but also understand the characters of the heroes, better understand Pushkin's plan.

Pushkin's epigraph creates a complex image designed for the perception of both the work itself and those texts from which the epigraphs were extracted.

Some literary scholars believe that the epigraph in this work is a kind of chapter summary.

N.V. Gogol wrote about the language of the works of A.S. Pushkin: “There are not many words, but they are so precise that they mean everything. There is an abyss of space in every word. Every word is immense as a poet. " This can be fully attributed to the epigraphs, with such thoroughness, taste, and accuracy selected in "The Captain's Daughter".

19 SLIDE.

Remove the epigraphs from the story, and you will feel emptiness, you will miss them. To miss not only their deep meaning, but also their emotionality, which undoubtedly reflected the author's attitude to heroes and events, his restless heart, Pushkin's sensitive soul.

I ... Working with epigraphs to the chapters of the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter"

Chapter title and number

Epigraph text

Source and meaning of epigraphs

Story

"Captain's daughter"

Take care of honor from a young age.

(Proverb)

The epigraph is a Russian folk proverb. The epigraph points to one of the central problems of the novel - the problem of honor and duty.

"Sergeant of the Guard"

-

.........................................
Who is his father?

The prince. Comedy "Bouncer".

This is an excerpt from YB Knyazhnin's comedy "Bouncer" (1784 or 1785). Pushkin changed the text somewhat. The chapter reveals the reasons for carrying out military service by Peter Grinev. Moreover, the epigraph suggests that the hero, before embarking on the path of life, must serve. The image of the father will play an important role: he directs his son to experience all the hardships of army life in a garrison remote from the capital.

The meaning of using the second epigraph (the answer to the question) will be revealed in the finale, when Catherine gives life to Petrusha because of the merits of his father.

The epigraph here also serves as an introduction. Artistic skill is manifested in the transition from the text of the epigraph to the main text of the chapter, which begins with the words: "My father Andrei Petrovich Grinev ..."

"Leader"

My side, side, unfamiliar side!

That I did not come to you myself,

What a kind horse brought me:

Drove me, good fellow,

Agility, valiant vigor

And a hop tavern.

(Old song)

The epigraph is taken from Chulkov's Collection of Various Songs (Part III, No. 167). This is an excerpt from a recruiting song about a young soldier who went to serve in a distant land.

The epigraph hints at the biography of the protagonist: 16-year-old nobleman Pyotr Grinev goes to another city to serve in the army.

"Fortress"

We live in a fort
We eat bread and drink water;
And how fierce enemies
They will come to us for pies
Let's give the guests a party:
Let's load the buckshot cannon.

(Soldier's song.)

Ancient people, my father. "Minor."

The first epigraph is a soldier's song, presumably written by Pushkin himself. The epigraph hints at the Belogorsk fortress, where the officers only pretend to be serving. As a result, the fortress is unable to repel the invasion of the Pugachevites.

The second epigraph hints at the common features of the Grinev and Mironov families, people of the "old", for whom the concepts of duty and honor are important.

"Duel"

Look, I will pierce your figure!

(Princess)

The epigraph is an excerpt from YB Knyazhnin's comedy "Eccentrics" (1790)

In this episode, the Princess comically depicts a duel between two servants - Vysonos and Prolaz, fighting on daggers (daggers). The epigraph predicts that there will be a duel in which one of its participants "puncture" the other

"Love"

Oh, you girl, red girl!

Father, mother, clan-tribe;

Save up, girl, mind-mind,

Uma-reason, dowry.

(Folk song)

If you find me worse than me, you will remember. (Folk song)

The first epigraph is a fragment from the folk song "Oh, Volga, Mother Volga" from the collection of N.I. Novikov's "Collection of Russian folk songs" (part 1. M., 1780, No. 176).

The second epigraph is an excerpt from the song "My heart spoke, it spoke" (the same collection, no. 135).

Epigraphs hint at the love story of Grinev and Marya Mironova. Grinev's father opposes their unequal marriage. The poor girl realizes that she is not a couple to the rich Grinev, so she avoids meeting him.

"Pugachev-shchina"

(Song)

The epigraph is an excerpt from a song about the capture of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible ("A new and complete collection of Russian songs",)

The epigraph hints at the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by the Pugachevites. The epigraph plays an unusual role: in it we see a parallel with the appeal of the “old old man” Pyotr Andreyevich to the younger generation about nonviolent changes in life. At the end of the novel, Grinev assessed the actions of Pugachev and his accomplices: "God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!"

"Attack"

My head, little head

Serving head! My little head has served

Exactly thirty years and three years.

Ah, the little head has not served

No self-interest, no joy,

No matter how good a word to yourself

And not a high rank to myself;

Only the little head has served

Two tall posts, Maple bar,

Another silk loop. (Folk song)

The epigraph is an excerpt from a song about the execution of the Streltsy ataman: “My head, my little head, my head serving” (“New and complete collection of Russian songs”, part II. Moscow, 1780, No. 130).

The epigraph of the seventh chapter does not directly correlate with the fate of Grinev: the hero mourns the fate of Captain Mironov and Lieutenant Ivan Ignatyich, who served for more than a dozen years in the Belogorsk fortress and ultimately perish on the gallows at the hands of the Pugachevites

"Uninvited guest"

(Proverb)

The epigraph hints at the invasion of the Pugachevites and the capture of the Belogorsk fortress. In this case, the uninvited guest is Pugachev and his gang.

"Parting"

It was sweet to be recognized

Me, beautiful, with you;

It's sad, sad to part, sad, as if with a soul.

(Kheraskov)

The epigraph is an excerpt from the poem by M. M. Kheraskov "The view is lovely, the eyes are lovely! .." M. M. Kheraskov is a poet, playwright and novelist of the 18th century. The epigraph aims at a lyrical, even minor mood: Grinev, with pain in his heart, parted with Masha, who remained in the power of Shvabrin.

10.

"Siege of the city"

Having occupied the meadows and mountains,

The epigraph is a fragment from the epic poem by M. M. Kheraskov "Russiaada" (song XI) about the capture of Kazan by the troops of Ivan IV. With this epigraph, Pushkin, as it were, likens Pugachev to the tsar and hints at his "royal" appearance.
Another opinion:
The epigraph conveys the feelings of the hero and tells about what Grinev is doing to free Masha. The epigraph predicts that Pyotr Andreevich ("like an eagle") will jump from the city ("into the night") to the Belogorsk fortress in order to free his beloved from the hands of Shvabrin.

11.

"Rebellious settlement"

- He asked kindly.

(A. Sumarokov)

The epigraph was composed by Pushkin himself and is an imitation of Sumarokov's style. The epigraph hints at the similarity of Pugachev to a lion - the king of beasts. The stylization clearly reveals the meaning of the chapter: Pugachev (lion) was both full and ferocious. Already in the epigraph we feel that an important conversation will take place between the heroes, despite the menacing tone, the owner will be kind to Peter.

12.

"An orphan"

Like our apple tree

There is no apex, no processes;

Like our princess

No father, no mother.

There is no one to equip her, there is no one to bless her.

(Wedding song)

The epigraph is a wedding song remade by Pushkin. A similar song was sung when an orphan was married off. The author changed the original of the song: he replaced the oak with an apple tree. And immediately everything becomes clear: the fate of Marya Ivanovna depends on the killer of her parents, E. Pugachev.

13.

"Arrest"

I have to send you to jail now. - Excuse me, I'm ready; but I am in such a hope, That let me explain the matter first.

(Princess)

This quatrain was written by Pushkin himself and is an imitation of the Knyazhnin's style.
The epigraph hints at an event from this chapter: the arrest of Pyotr Grinev for his "friendly" relations with Pugachev.

14.

"Court"

Worldly rumor -
Sea wave.

(Proverb)

The proverb says that worldly rumor, that is, rumors and gossip of people, is a changeable thing, like a sea wave. In this chapter, Grinev is declared Pugachev's spy. The Empress believes the "rumor", rumors, and as punishment assigns him a link to Siberia. Grinev's father also believes in "worldly rumor", that is, rumors that his son is an accomplice of Pugachev.

II Analyzing the role and significance of the epigraph in the story "The Captain's Daughter", we came to the following conclusions:

1. Epigraphs in the story do not play the role of annotations.

2. The epigraph in Pushkin can play a double role: already in chapter 1 "Sergeant of the Guard" the second epigraph performs, on the one hand, the role of an introduction (a smooth transition from the epigraph to the main text). "Who's his father?" - the epigraph sounds, and the text of the chapter begins with the words: "My father Andrey Petrovich Grinev ...". On the other hand, the meaning of this epigraph will be clarified in the finale of the novel, when Catherine could ask such a question when discussing the Grinev case and, having clarified everything, gave Peter life because of the merits of his father.

2. Comparison of the meaning contained in the epigraph with the meaning of the chapter can be compared to the effect of light passing through a prism. We have before us special recommendations for readers. For example, in the chapter "Duel" the epigraph (see table) predicts that there will be a duel, in which one of the participants "punches" the other. Petrusha is a victim. The irony is felt in the epigraph itself.

3. Often, the epigraph conveys the style and atmosphere of everything below. For example, in chapter 3 "Fortress" a folk song and an excerpt from Fonvizin set the atmosphere of the entire chapter (see table). Pyotr Grinev finds himself in a friendly atmosphere. The commandant and Vasilisa Yegorovna are really old people. And the second epigraph is superbly stylized to resemble the speech of a common man Vasilisa Yegorovna.

4. In the chapter "Pugachevshchina", the epigraph plays an unusual role: in it we see a parallel with the appeal of the "old old man" Pyotr Andreyevich to the younger generation about non-violent changes in life. IN

at the end of the story, Grinev will assess the actions of Pugachev and his accomplices as follows: “God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!” 1

5. In the chapters "Leader", "Love", "Attack", "Separation", "Siege of the City", "Orphan", the lyric notes contained in the epigraph set the mood, permeate the content of the entire chapter.

6.Many epigraphs in the novel are changed by the author (chapters 3 (second epigraph), 10, 12) in accordance with the meaning of the chapter. And in chapters 11 and 13, the author acts as a skillful stylist: in chapter 11 he created an excerpt - an imitation of Sumarokov's fable, and in chapter 13 - replicas in the style of Knyazhnin. These epigraphs at the very beginning reveal the meaning and main idea of \u200b\u200bthe chapter.

7. The rhyme “rumor-wave” in the epigraph to chapter 14 “Judgment” (see table), the author expressed the essence of the judgment that was being conducted over Grinev. Wave 1 - The Investigative Commission accepts Shvabrin's testimony as true, 2 - Father Andrei Petrovich believes the verdict of the Investigative Commission and the Empress, who, out of respect for his father, saved his son from the shameful execution and "only ordered him to be exiled to a remote region of Siberia for an eternal settlement." Wave 3 - Masha saves the honor of her beloved from slander.

9. The proverb put in the epigraph by the author to the entire novel: “Take care of honor from your youth” - sets the tone for the whole story. The wisdom, enshrined in the proverb, acts here as a life guide, a moral basis, not only for Peter Grinev, but also for society as a whole. And the main character of the story, we think, will never tarnish his honor.

Thus, we see that the epigraphs in the story have a great semantic load, are an appeal to the reader, create an atmosphere, express the author's view, become one with the whole novel.

III ... After analysis, it is proposed to do an independent work - to correlate the confused chapters and epithets - for assessment.

Match the confused chapters and epithets:

Title and

№ chapters

Texts of epigraphs to chapters of the story "The Captain's Daughter"

Story

"Captain's daughter"

At that time, the lion was full, even though he was fierce by birth.

"Why did you deign to come to my den?"

- He asked kindly. (A. Sumarokov)

"Sergeant of the Guard"

Do not be angry, sir: according to my duty

I have to send you to jail now.

- Excuse me, I'm ready; but I am in such a hope, That let me explain the matter first.

(Princess)

"Leader"

My head, little head, No matter how good a word to myself

Serving head! And not a high rank to myself;

My little head has served Only the little head has served

Exactly thirty years and three years. Two tall posts,

Ah, the little head did not serve the maple bar

No self-interest, no joy, Another silk loop. (Folk song)

"Fortress"

Worldly rumor -
Sea wave. (Proverb)

"Duel"

Like our apple tree. Neither father nor mother.

There is no apex, no processes; There is no one to equip her,

Like our princess has No one to bless her

(Wedding song)

"Love"

1 We live in a fort, 2. Old people, my father.
We eat bread and drink water; "Minor."
And how fierce enemies
They will come to us for pies
Let's give the guests a party:
Let's load the buckshot cannon. (Soldier's song.)

"Pugachevshchina"

You young guys, listen, What we old old people are going to say.

(Song)

"Attack"

- If he were a guard, he would be a captain tomorrow.
- That is not necessary: \u200b\u200blet him serve in the army.
- Fairly said! let it bother him ...

Who is his father?
The prince. Comedy "Bouncer".

"Uninvited guest"

1.Wow, girl, red girl! 2.If you find me better, you will forget.

Don't go, girl, married young; If you find me worse than me, you will remember

You ask, girl, father, mother,(Folk song)

Father, mother, clan-tribe;

Save up, girl, mind-mind,

Uma-reason, dowry. (Folk song)

AND

"Parting"

Take care of honor from a young age. (Proverb)

10.

"Siege of the city"

An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar.

(Proverb)

11.

"Rebellious settlement"

It was sweet to be recognized

Me, beautiful, with you;

It's sad, sad to part

Sad, as if with a soul. (Kheraskov)

12.

"An orphan"

- Ying if you please, and stand in the pose.

Look, I will pierce your figure! (Princess)

13.

"Arrest"

My side, side, brought me, good fellow,

The side is unfamiliar! Agility, valiant vigor

That I didn’t come to see you myself, And a hoppy tavern.

Isn't it a good horse that brought me: (Old song)

ABOUT

14.

"Court"

Having occupied the meadows and mountains,

From the top, like an eagle, he cast his gaze on the hail.

Behind the camp he commanded to build a roll

And, in it, the peruns have hidden, in the night bring under the hail. (Kheraskov)

Answers:

In the epigraph of his story "The Captain's Daughter", AS Pushkin made the Russian proverb "Take care of honor from your youth." Proverbs carry folk wisdom that has been taking shape over the centuries. You can not trust proverbs, consider them trivial words, but very often the meaning of these statements is understood only when a person experiences any life trials.

So it happened with Pyotr Grinev, the main character of the story. Circumstances developed in such a way that he was faced with a choice: to take the risk, but act like an honest person, or, being afraid

Dangers, betraying loved ones, your ideals.
In the epigraph, the author kind of raises the question, will the main character be able to keep his honor? Fortunately, that's exactly what happened.
Pyotr Grinev, the young son of a landowner, is serving in the army. The father, giving his son instructions before leaving, says to him: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; do not chase after their caress; do not ask for service, do not excuse yourself from service, and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but honor from a young age ”. This means that from childhood, Pyotr Grinev was shown the value of honor, its importance in life.
But not only education allows the hero to maintain honor. Grinev is a kind and sincere person: he gives a hare toe loop to the peasant he meets; loves Masha Mironova and violates military discipline for her sake; loves Savelyich and helps him get out of the hands of the Pugachevites. Peter's frankness and sincerity pleased the leader of the uprising and placed Grinev towards him.
The young man is faithful to the oath and the word given to the empress. On Pugachev's offer to enter his service, he, after a moment's hesitation, responds with a resolute refusal: “My head is in your power, - let me go - thank you; if you execute, God will judge you ”. Perhaps it was this loyalty to the oath that saved Grinev's life, the firmness of his character made Pugachev pay attention to him and aroused the sympathy of the impostor.
Honor and loyalty to duty are shown in Grinev in his opposition to Shvabrin. This educated, eloquent, witty person is indifferent to others, thinks only of himself. For his own benefit, he is ready to go over to the side of the enemy, to keep the girl locked up.

He writes a false denunciation to Grinev's father about his son. Without hesitation, Shvabrin joined the ranks of the Pugachevites when victory was on their side. Grinev would never have acted in such a way that they would not have been promised benefits for such actions.
A sense of duty, sincerity, devotion - these qualities make up Grinev's personality. No, he is not a hero, he sometimes fears and doubts, but he tries not to deviate from his convictions and in extreme cases is ready to commit truly heroic deeds for the sake of loved ones. There is a service, there is a duty, and this is very important, but Grinev always remains a person with a kind heart.

Even in Pugachev, he sees, first of all, an intelligent, courageous, generous person, a defender of the poor and orphans.
The image of Grinev in the story is given in development. Each event allows him to express himself from different sides, strengthens his character.
Take care of honor from a young age ... This means that honor does not forget past mistakes. Having stumbled once in your youth, you will no longer be able to completely clear your conscience of the dark spots of days gone by. All mature life is, by and large, the cultivation of the fruits of youth.

Grinev, in my opinion, comes to maturity with good spiritual soil, ready for good deeds and just decisions.

In his novel, Pushkin puts at the forefront the issues of honor and morality, which at that time were one of the most important and most difficult.

Honor ranks first among the moral symbols. You can survive many troubles and hardships, but, probably, not a single people on earth will accept the decay of morality. Loss of honor is the fall of moral standards, which is always followed by punishment. The concept of honor is brought up in a person from childhood. The heroes of Pushkin's novel have a different understanding of honor.

The protagonist of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, is brought up from childhood in an atmosphere of high everyday morality. In Grinev, the kind, loving heart of his mother was united with honesty, directness, courage - qualities that are inherent in a father.

note

Andrei Petrovich Grinev has a negative attitude towards easy, but dishonorable ways to make a career at court. That is why he did not want to send his son Petrusha to the service in Petersburg, to the guard: “What can he learn while serving in Petersburg? Shake and hang? - says Andrey Petrovich to his wife.

"No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him smell gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not chamaton."

In his parting words to his son, Grinev especially emphasizes the need to observe honor: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear, obey the chiefs; do not chase after their caress; do not ask for service; do not excuse yourself from the service and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but honor from your youth. "

This parting word from his father stays with Grinyov for life and helps Petrusha not to go astray. From childhood, Grinev has been greatly influenced by his faithful servant, but at the same time his friend - Savelich. Savelich considers it his duty to serve Petrusha and be loyal to him from start to finish.

His devotion to his masters is far from being a slave. As a child, Petrushi Savelich not only teaches him to write and judge the merits of a greyhound dog, but he also gives Grinev important advice that helped Petr Grinev in the future.

For example, these words are brought up by the old servant of his ward Pyotr Grinev, who got drunk for the first time and behaved unattractively: “It seems that neither father nor grandfather were drunkards; there is nothing to say about mother ... ”.

So, Grinev's father and his loyal servant Savelich, raised in Petra from childhood a nobleman who did not consider it possible for himself to change the oath and go over to the side of the enemies, for his own good. situation Savelich tried to persuade him to evade calculation.

But nobility prevailed. It would seem such a trifle, but it is with such trifles that everything begins. A man of honor is always kind and selfless in dealing with others. Pyotr Grinev, despite Savelich's displeasure, thanked the tramp for the service by presenting him with a hare sheepskin coat. This act in the future saved both of their lives. This episode, as it were, says that fate itself keeps a person living by honor.

For the Grinyovs, honor is human dignity, an alloy of conscience and inner conviction of a person in their rightness. Important

The leader of the peasant uprising, Pugachev, also has his own idea of \u200b\u200bhonor. He can brutally deal with those who refuse to swear allegiance to him, he is cruel and ruthless. However, he responds with mercy with mercy. Grinev gives the counselor a hare sheepskin coat out of mercy, not counting on a reward.

Pugachev, in response, graciously keeps him alive and suits his fate. The award significantly exceeds the service rendered by Grinev. But Pugachev lives by the rule - "Execute so execute, have mercy so mercy". He, like an eagle from a Kalmyk fairy tale, is ready to live not long, but brightly. His honor is peculiar, but he does not change his idea of \u200b\u200bhuman dignity.

The Mironovs' concept of honor and duty does not go beyond the charter, but you can always rely on such people. They are right in their own way. Mironov is characterized by a sense of fidelity to duty, word, oath. He is not capable of treason and betrayal for the sake of his own well-being - he will accept death, but will not change, not abandon the performance of the service.

His courage, loyalty to duty and oath, his moral value and deep humanity are the traits of a true Russian character. Vasilisa Yegorovna was of the same opinion as her husband. She saw her life task in always being close to her husband.

Until the last moment of her husband's life, she stayed with him and died, because after his death she was no longer afraid of anything and could call Pugachev "a fugitive convict." Masha Mironova also saw female honor in devotion to a loved one. She retains this loyalty both when she is tormented by Shvabrin, and when Petrusha falls out of favor.

Loyalty, kindness, sincerity, inner purity - these are the main features inherent in women in Pushkin's novel and made them real heroines.

In the novel, there is only one hero who has no idea of \u200b\u200bhonor at all - Shvabrin. Moreover, he is dishonorable in everything - both in private life and in public affairs. Pushkin believes that a man capable of offending a woman cannot be a real nobleman and an officer.

He also violates the laws of honor and human dignity when he slanders Masha before Grinev; and when, during a duel, he wounds a defenseless opponent; and when he swears allegiance to Pugachev, of course, not believing in his royal origin; and when he forces Masha to become his wife; and when he reveals to Pugachev the truth about her origin; and, finally, when Grineva slanders in prison. This person cannot have any features that justify him, make him understandable. Violation of the laws of honor for Pushkin was a terrible sin.

Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Grinev. He is a selfish and ungrateful person. For the sake of his personal goals, Shvabrin is ready to commit any dishonest act. It manifests itself in everything. Even during the fight, he did not disdain to take advantage of the dishonorable situation to strike.

The fight almost ended with Grinev's death due to the meanness of Shvabrin, if not for Savelich. When Savelich learned about Grinev's duel with Shvabrin, he rushed to the place of the duel with the intention of protecting his master. "God knows, I ran to shield you with my chest from Alexey Ivanitch's sword."

However, Grinev not only did not thank the old man, but also accused him of informing his parents. Although, having recovered, Grinev found out that it was Shvabrin who had once been his best friend, and wrote a denunciation of him to Grinev, his father.

Shvabrin was filled with indifference and contempt for the common people and the honest petty service people, for Mironov, who was doing his duty and was morally superior to Shvabrin.

Baseness of soul, envy and meanness turn this person into a tyrant, a villain and a traitor. Life pays tribute to him, a well-deserved punishment for all his nasty, dishonorable actions: he, like Pugachev, is arrested, accused of treason and sentenced to death.

What is the meaning of the title epigraph of the novel “Take care of honor from your youth”? Namely, that a person must remain human in any circumstances, no matter what, remain faithful to his moral principles and principles, defend them, act fairly in relation to other people. Only a truthful, kind-hearted, disinterested, sympathetic and courageous person has the right to wear this proud title. Humanity is the manifestation of all the best qualities both in relation to oneself and in relation to other people. The male heroes in this novel (Andrei and Pyotr Grinev, Captain Mironov) also associate the concept of honor with military duty, loyalty and protection of their native land, their state, and service to the empress. For women (Vasilisa Egorovna, Masha Mironova) - with loyalty to a loved one, sincerity of feelings and inner moral purity.

It was these qualities in the heroes that turned out to be stronger than the opposite evil, deceit, meanness, so good was able to win. The main characters were able to arrange and defend their own happiness. This served as a reward for their courage, ability to withstand all the difficult trials of fate, to overcome dangers and their own character.

A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter". Composition, epigraphs

Elements of the composition of the work of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter".

"one. Exposition - biography of Andrei Petrovich Grinev, childhood of Petrusha, meeting with the "counselor", all events before arriving at the Belogorsk fortress ...
2. The beginning: meeting with Marya Ivanovna ...
3.

Development of the action: life in the Belogorsk fortress, a quarrel with Shvabrin ...
4. Culmination: a duel, a letter from his father (fifth chapter), coinciding with the onset of Pugachev.
5. Denouement: Pugachev's execution.

Conclusion: a story about how Grinev's further life developed.

The main feature of the composition of the work of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter": extraordinary conciseness, richness of events, swiftness in the development of action. There is nothing superfluous in the narration, the principle of including only such persons, things, episodes and descriptions that are necessary for the development of the plot.

The second feature of the novel's composition- strict simplicity of the story. No deviations from the plot, strict compliance of the story with the chronology of events. Clarity and legibility are a common feature of Pushkin's prose.

The moral of the fable "a bear at the bees" by krylov (analysis, essence, meaning)

The novel "The Captain's Daughter" by Pushkin consists of 14 chapters, each of which begins with an epigraph.

Epigraphs in the novel "The Captain's Daughter" by Pushkin

Epigraph text
Source and meaning of epigraphs

Epigraph to the novel
The epigraph is a Russian folk proverb. The epigraph points to one of the central problems of the novel - the problem of honor and duty.

Epigraph to Chapter I "Sergeant of the Guard" - He would have been a guard tomorrow, the captain. - That is not necessary; let him serve in the army. - Fairly said! let him bother him…. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Who is his father? (Prince.)
This is an excerpt from YB Knyazhnin's comedy "The Braggart" (1784 or 1785), Act III, Phenomenon 6. Pushkin changed the text somewhat. The epigraph hints at the biography of the protagonist: Pyotr Grinev has been listed in the prestigious Guards regiment in St. Petersburg since birth. But the strict father decides to teach his son life and sends him to serve in an ordinary regiment in the outback of Russia.

Epigraph to Chapter II "The Leader" My side, side, unfamiliar side! That I didn’t go on you myself, That a good horse brought me in: It brought me, a good fellow, An agility, a brave courage And a hoppy tavern. (Old song)
The epigraph is taken from Chulkov's Collection of Various Songs (Part III, No. 167). This is an excerpt from a song about a young soldier who went to serve in a distant land. The epigraph hints at the biography of the protagonist: 16-year-old nobleman Pyotr Grinev goes to another city to serve in the army.

Epigraphs to Chapter III "Fortress" We live in the fort, we eat bread and drink water; And as fierce enemies Will come to us for pies, Let's give the guests a feast: Load the buckshot cannon. (Soldier's song) Ancient people, my father. ("Minor" Fonvizin)
The first epigraph is a soldier's song, presumably written by Pushkin himself. The epigraph hints at the Belogorsk fortress, where the officers only pretend to be serving. As a result, the fortress is unable to repel the invasion of the Pugachevites. The second epigraph hints at the common features of the Grinev and Mironov families, people of the "old", for whom the concepts of duty and honor are important

Epigraph to Chapter IV "The Duel" Look, I will pierce your figure! (Princess)
The epigraph is an excerpt from YB Knyazhnin's comedy "Eccentrics" (1790) - Act IV, Phenomenon 12. In this episode, the Princess comically depicts a duel between two servants - Vysonos and Prolaz, fighting on daggers (daggers). The epigraph hints at the captain's story about Shvabrin's duel.

Epigraphs to Chapter V "Love" Oh, you girl, red girl! Don't go, girl, married young; You ask, girl, father, mother, Father, mother, clan-tribe; Save up, girl, mind-mind, mind-mind, dowry. (Folk song) If you find me better, you will forget. If you find me worse than me, you will remember. (Folk song)
The first epigraph is a fragment from the folk song "Oh you, Volga, Mother Volga" from the collection of N.I. Novikov's "Collection of Russian folk songs" (part 1. M., 1780, No. 176). The second epigraph is an excerpt from the song "My heart spoke, it spoke" (the same collection, no. 135). The epigraphs allude to the love story of Grinev and Marya Mironova. Grinev's father opposes their unequal marriage. The poor girl realizes that she is not a couple to the rich Grinev, so she avoids meeting him.

Epigraph to Chapter VI "Pugachevshchina" (Song)
The epigraph is an excerpt from a song about the capture of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible ("New and Complete Collection of Russian Songs", part 1, Moscow, 1780, p. 156, No. 125). The epigraph hints at the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by the Pugachevites.

Epigraph to Chapter VII "Attack" My head, little head, Serving head! My little head has served Exactly thirty years and three years. Ah, the little head has not won out Neither self-interest, nor joy, No matter how good a word to himself And nor a high rank to himself; Only the little head has served. Two tall posts, A maple bar, Another silk loop. (Folk song)
The epigraph is an excerpt from a song about the execution of the Streltsy ataman: “My head, my little head, my head serving” (“A new and complete collection of Russian songs”, part II. Moscow, 1780, No. 130). The epigraph hints at the story of Captain Mironov, who has served in the Belogorsk fortress for more than 20 years and eventually dies on the gallows at the hands of the Pugachevites.

Epigraph to Chapter VIII "The Uninvited Guest" An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar. (Proverb)
The epigraph hints at the invasion of the Pugachevites and the capture of the Belogorsk fortress. In this case, the uninvited guest is Pugachev and his gang.

Epigraph to Chapter IX "Parting" It was sweet to recognize Me, beautiful, with you; It's sad, sad to part, Sad, as if with a soul. (Kheraskov)
The epigraph is an excerpt from the poem by M. M. Kheraskov “The view is lovely, the eyes are lovely! ..” M. M. Kheraskov is a poet, playwright and novelist of the 18th century. Pushkin, apparently, considered Kheraskov's work hopelessly outdated. The epigraph hints at the separation between Grinev and Masha Mironova.

Epigraph to Chapter X "The Siege of the City" Having occupied the meadows and mountains,
The epigraph is a fragment from the epic poem by M. M. Kheraskov "Russiaada" (song XI) about the capture of Kazan by the troops of Ivan IV. With this epigraph, Pushkin, as it were, likens Pugachev to the tsar and hints at his "royal" appearance.

Epigraph to chapter XI "Rebellious settlement" He asked affectionately. (A. Sumarokov)
The epigraph was composed by Pushkin himself and is an imitation of Sumarokov's style. The epigraph hints at the similarity of Pugachev with a lion - the king of beasts.

Epigraph to Chapter XII "The Orphan" Like our apple tree, there is no top, no processes; Like our princess's. Neither father nor mother. There is no one to equip her, there is no one to bless her. (Wedding song)
The epigraph is a wedding song remade by Pushkin. A similar song was sung when an orphan was married off. In this case, we are talking about the orphan Marya Mironova, whose parents were killed by the Pugachevites

Epigraph to Chapter XIII "Arrest" I have to send you to jail now. - Excuse me, I'm ready; but I am in such a hope, That let me explain the matter first. (Princess)
This quatrain was written by Pushkin himself and is an imitation of the Knyazhnin's style. The epigraph hints at an event from this chapter: the arrest of Pyotr Grinev for his "friendly" relations with Pugachev.

Epigraph to Chapter XIV "Judgment" Worldly rumor - Sea wave. (Proverb)
The proverb says that worldly rumor, that is, rumors and gossip of people, is a changeable thing, like a sea wave. In this chapter Grinev is declared Pugachev's spy. The Empress believes the "rumor", rumors, and as punishment assigns him a link to Siberia. Grinev's father also believes in "worldly rumor", that is, rumors that his son is an accomplice of Pugachev.

Working with epigraphs for the story "The Captain's Daughter". (8th grade)

I ... Working with epigraphs to the chapters of the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter"

Chapter title and number

Epigraph text

Source and meaning of epigraphs

Story

"Captain's daughter"

Take care of honor from a young age.

(Proverb)

The epigraph is a Russian folk proverb. The epigraph points to one of the central problems of the novel - the problem of honor and duty.

"Sergeant of the Guard"

If he were a guard, he would be the captain tomorrow. '' `` That is not necessary: \u200b\u200blet him serve in the army. '' let him push it …………………………………… .. Who is his father?

Prince. Comedy "Bouncer".

This is an excerpt from YB Knyazhnin's comedy "The Braggart" (1784 or 1785). Pushkin changed the text somewhat. The chapter reveals the reasons for carrying out military service by Petr Grinev.

Moreover, the epigraph suggests that the hero, before embarking on the path of life, must serve.

note

An important role will be played by the image of a father: he directs his son to experience all the hardships of army life in a garrison remote from the capital.

The meaning of using the second epigraph (the answer to the question) will be revealed in the finale, when Catherine gives life to Petrusha because of the merits of his father.

The epigraph here also serves as an introduction. Artistic mastery is manifested in the transition from the text of the epigraph to the main text of the chapter, which begins with the words: "My father Andrey Petrovich Grinev ..."

"Leader"

My side, side, unfamiliar side!

That I did not come to you myself,

What a kind horse brought me:

Drove me, good fellow,

Agility, vigor brave

And a hop tavern.

(Old song)

The epigraph is taken from Chulkov's Collection of Various Songs (Part III, No. 167). This is an excerpt from a recruiting song about a young soldier who went to serve in a distant land.

The epigraph hints at the biography of the protagonist: 16-year-old nobleman Pyotr Grinev goes to another city to serve in the army.

Comparative characteristics of grinev and shvabrin in the novel "the captain's daughter" by pushkin in the table with quotations: comparison, similarities and differences

"Fortress"

We live in the fort, We eat bread and drink water; And like fierce enemies, They will come to our pies, We will give the guests a feast:

Let's load the buckshot cannon.

(Soldier's song.)

Ancient people, my father. "Minor."

The second epigraph hints at the common features of the Grinev and Mironov families, people of the "old", for whom the concepts of duty and honor are important.

"Duel"

Ying if you please, and stand in the pose.

Look, I will pierce your figure!

(Princess)

The epigraph is an excerpt from YB Knyazhnin's comedy "Eccentrics" (1790) Important

"Love"

Oh, you girl, red girl!

Don't go, girl, married young;

You ask, girl, father, mother,

Father, mother, clan-tribe;

Save up, girl, mind-mind,

Uma-reason, dowry.

(Folk song)

If you find me better, you will forget.

If you find me worse than me, you will remember.

(Folk song)

The first epigraph is a fragment from the folk song "Oh you, Volga, Mother Volga" from the collection of N.I. Novikov's "Collection of Russian folk songs" (part 1. M., 1780, No. 176).

The second epigraph is an excerpt from the song "My heart spoke, it spoke" (the same collection, no. 135).

"Pugachev-shchina"

You young guys, listen, What we old old people are going to say.

The epigraph is an excerpt from a song about the capture of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible ("A new and complete collection of Russian songs",)

The epigraph hints at the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by the Pugachevites. The epigraph plays an unusual role: in it we see a parallel with the address of the “old old man” Pyotr Andreyevich to the younger generation about non-violent changes in life. At the end of the novel, Grinev assessed the actions of Pugachev and his accomplices as follows: "God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!"

"Attack"

My head, little head

Serving head! My little head has served

Exactly thirty years and three years.

Ah, the little head has not served

No self-interest, no joy,

No matter how good a word to yourself

And not a high rank to myself;

Only the little head has served

Two tall posts, Maple bar,

Another silk loop.

(Folk song)

The epigraph is an excerpt from a song about the execution of the Streltsy ataman: “My head, my little head, my head serving” (“A new and complete collection of Russian songs”, part II. Moscow, 1780, No. 130).

"Uninvited guest"

An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar.

(Proverb)

The epigraph hints at the invasion of the Pugachevites and the capture of the Belogorsk fortress. In this case, the uninvited guest is Pugachev and his gang.

"Parting"

It was sweet to be recognized

Me, beautiful, with you;

It's sad, sad to part, Sad, as if with a soul.

(Kheraskov)

The epigraph is an excerpt from the poem by M. M. Kheraskov “The view is lovely, the eyes are lovely! ..” M. M. Kheraskov is a poet, playwright and novelist of the 18th century. The epigraph aims at a lyrical, even minor mood: Grinev, with pain in his heart, parted with Masha, who remained in the power of Shvabrin.

"Siege of the city"

Having occupied the meadows and mountains,

From the top, like an eagle, he cast his gaze on the hail.

Behind the camp he commanded to build a roll

And, in it, the peruns have hidden, in the night bring under the hail. (Kheraskov)

The epigraph is a fragment from the epic poem by M. M. Kheraskov "Russiaada" (Song XI) about the capture of Kazan by the troops of Ivan IV.

With this epigraph, Pushkin, as it were, likens Pugachev to the tsar and hints at his "royal" appearance.
Another opinion:
The epigraph conveys the feelings of the hero and tells about what Grinev is doing to free Masha.

The epigraph predicts that Pyotr Andreevich ("like an eagle") will jump from the city ("into the night") to the Belogorsk fortress in order to free his beloved from the hands of Shvabrin.

"Rebellious settlement"

At that time, the lion was full, even though he was fierce by birth.

"Why did you deign to come to my den?"

He asked kindly.

(A. Sumarokov)

The epigraph was composed by Pushkin himself and is an imitation of Sumarokov's style. The epigraph hints at the similarity of Pugachev with a lion - the king of beasts. The stylization clearly reveals the meaning of the chapter: Pugachev (lion) was both full and ferocious. Already in the epigraph we feel that an important conversation will take place between the heroes, despite the menacing tone, the owner will be kind to Peter.

"An orphan"

Like our apple tree

There is no apex, no processes;

Like our princess

No father, no mother.

There is no one to equip her, there is no one to bless her.

(Wedding song)

"Arrest"

Do not be angry, sir: according to my duty

I have to send you to jail now. - Excuse me, I'm ready; but I am in such a hope, That let me explain the matter first.

(Princess) Pay attention

This quatrain was written by Pushkin himself and is an imitation of the Knyazhnin's style. The epigraph hints at an event from this chapter: the arrest of Pyotr Grinev for his "friendly" relations with Pugachev.

"Court"

Worldly rumor -
Sea wave.

(Proverb)

The proverb says that worldly rumor, that is, rumors and gossip of people, is a changeable thing, like a sea wave. In this chapter Grinev is declared Pugachev's spy. The Empress believes the "rumor", rumors, and as punishment assigns him a link to Siberia. Grinev's father also believes in "worldly rumor", that is, rumors that his son is an accomplice of Pugachev.

II Analyzing the role and significance of the epigraph in the story "The Captain's Daughter", we came to the following conclusions:

1. Epigraphs in the story do not play the role of annotations.

"Who's his father?" - the epigraph sounds, and the text of the chapter begins with the words: "My father Andrey Petrovich Grinev ...".

On the other hand, the meaning of this epigraph will be clarified in the finale of the novel, when Catherine could ask such a question when discussing the Grinyov case and, having clarified everything, gave Peter life because of the merits of his father.

2. Comparison of the meaning contained in the epigraph with the meaning of the chapter can be compared to the effect of light passing through a prism. We have before us special recommendations for readers. For example, in the chapter "Duel" the epigraph (see table) predicts that there will be a duel, in which one of the participants "punches" the other. Petrusha is a victim. The irony is felt already in the epigraph itself.

4. In the chapter "Pugachevshchina" the epigraph plays an unusual role: in it we see a parallel with the appeal of the "old old man" Pyotr Andreyevich to the younger generation about non-violent changes in life. IN

at the end of the story, Grinev will assess the actions of Pugachev and his accomplices as follows: “God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!” 1

5. In the chapters "Leader", "Love", "Attack", "Parting", "Siege of the City", "Orphan", the lyric notes contained in the epigraph set the mood and permeate the content of the entire chapter.

7. The rhyme “rumor-wave” in the epigraph to chapter 14 “Judgment” (see table), the author expressed the essence of the judgment that was being conducted over Grinev.

Wave 1 - The Investigative Commission accepts Shvabrin's testimony as true, 2 - Father Andrei Petrovich believes the verdict of the Investigative Commission and the Empress, who, out of respect for his father, saved his son from the shameful execution and "only ordered him to be exiled to a distant Siberia for an eternal settlement." Wave 3 - Masha saves the honor of her beloved from slander.

Moral of the fable "fly and road" krylov (analysis, essence, meaning)

9. The proverb, put in the epigraph by the author to the entire novel: “Take care of honor from your youth,” sets the tone for the whole story. The wisdom, enshrined in the proverb, acts here as a life guide, a moral basis not only for Pyotr Grinev, but also for society as a whole. And the main character of the story, we think, will never tarnish his honor.

Thus, we see that the epigraphs in the story have a great semantic load, are an appeal to the reader, create an atmosphere, express the author's view, and become one with the whole novel.

III... After analysis, it is proposed to do an independent work - to correlate the confused chapters and epithets - for assessment.

Match the confused chapters and epithets:

Title and

№ chapters

Texts of epigraphs to chapters of the story "The Captain's Daughter"

Story

"Captain's daughter"

At that time, the lion was full, even though he was fierce by birth.

"Why did you deign to come to my den?"

He asked kindly. (A. Sumarokov)

"Sergeant of the Guard"

Do not be angry, sir: according to my duty

I have to send you to jail now.

Excuse me, I'm ready; but I am in such a hope, That let me explain the matter first.

(Princess)

"Leader"

My head, little head, No matter how good a word to myself

Serving head! And not a high rank to myself;

My little head has served Only the little head has served

Exactly thirty years and three years. Two tall posts,

Ah, the little head has not served the maple bar

No self-interest, no joy, Another silk loop. (Folk song)

"Fortress"

Worldly rumor -
Sea wave. (Proverb)

"Duel"

Like our apple tree. Neither father nor mother.

There is no apex, no processes; There is no one to equip her,

Like our princess's There is no one to bless her

(Wedding song)

"Love"

1 We live in a fort, 2. Old people, my father. We eat bread and drink water; "Minor." And how fierce enemies Will come to us for pies, Let's give the guests a feast:

Let's load the buckshot cannon. (Soldier's song.)

"Pugachevshchina"

You young guys, listen, What we old old people are going to say.

"Attack"

If he were a guard, he would be the captain tomorrow. '' `` That is not necessary: \u200b\u200blet him serve in the army. '' let him bother him ...

Who is his father?
Prince. Comedy "Bouncer".

"Uninvited guest"

1.Oh you, girl, red girl! 2. If you find me better, you will forget.

Don't go, girl, married young; If you find me worse, you will remember

You ask, girl, father, mother, (folk song)

Father, mother, clan-tribe;

Save up, girl, mind-mind,

Uma-reason, dowry. (Folk song)

"Parting"

Take care of honor from a young age. (Proverb)

"Siege of the city"

An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar.

(Proverb)

"Rebellious settlement"

It was sweet to be recognized

Me, beautiful, with you;

It's sad, sad to part

Sad, as if with a soul. (Kheraskov)

"An orphan"

Ying if you please, and stand in the pose.

Look, I will pierce your figure! (Princess)

"Arrest"

My side, side, brought me, good fellow,

An unfamiliar side! Agility, vigor brave

That I didn’t come to see you myself, And a hoppy tavern.

Isn't it a good horse that brought me: (Old song)

"Court"

Having occupied the meadows and mountains,

From the top, like an eagle, he cast his gaze on the hail.

Behind the camp he commanded to build a roll

And, in it, the peruns have hidden, in the night bring under the hail. (Kheraskov)

“Take care of honor from a young age” (meaning of the epigraph to the story by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”)

Works ›Pushkin A.S. \u003e Captain's daughter

Ready Homework

In the epigraph of his story "The Captain's Daughter" A.S. Pushkin introduced the Russian proverb "Take care of honor from your youth." Proverbs carry folk wisdom that has been taking shape over the centuries. You can not trust proverbs, consider them trivial words, but very often the meaning of these statements is understood only when a person experiences any life trials.

Pyotr Grinev, the young son of a landowner, is serving in the army.

The father, giving his son instructions before leaving, tells him: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; do not chase after their caress; do not ask for service, do not excuse yourself from service, and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but honor from a young age. " This means that from childhood, Pyotr Grinev was shown the value of honor, its importance in life.

But not only education allows the hero to maintain honor. Grinev is a kind and sincere person: he gives a hare sheepskin coat to the peasant he meets, he loves Masha Mironova and violates military discipline for her sake. Grinev loves Savelich and helps him get out of the hands of the Pugachevites. Pugachev liked Peter's directness and sincerity and placed Grinev towards him.

The young man is faithful to the oath and the word given to the empress.

On Pugachev's offer to enter his service, he, after a moment's hesitation, responds with a resolute refusal: “My head is in your power, - let me go - thank you; if you execute, God will judge you. "

Perhaps it was this loyalty to the oath that saved Grinev's life, the firmness of his character made Pugachev pay attention to him and aroused the sympathy of the impostor.

Honor and loyalty to duty are shown in Grinev in his opposition to Shvabrin. This educated, eloquent, witty person is indifferent to others, thinks only of himself.

For his own benefit, he is ready to go over to the side of the enemy, to keep a defenseless girl locked up. Shvabrin writes a false denunciation to Grinev's father about his son. Without hesitation, this hero joins the ranks of the Pugachevites when victory was on their side.

Grinev would never have acted in such a way that they would not have been promised benefits for such actions.

A sense of duty, sincerity, devotion - these qualities make up Grinev's personality.

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No, he is not a hero, he sometimes fears and doubts, but he tries not to deviate from his convictions and in extreme cases is ready to commit truly heroic deeds for the sake of loved ones.

There is a service, there is a duty, and this is very important, but Grinev always remains a person with a kind heart. Even in Pugachev, he sees, first of all, an intelligent, courageous, generous person, a defender of the poor and orphans.

The moral problems of the story are closely related to the image of Masha Mironova. The heroine appears for the first time on the pages of the story during dinner in the fortress and does not make any impression on Grinev.

But all further narration in the work is structured in such a way that the image of a "fool", as Shvabrin presents her, and a "coward" (this is how Masha is called by her mother, Vasilisa Yegorovna), grows into the image of a strong, courageous girl, proud and wise.

Masha is from that category of people, modest, invisible, at first glance, ordinary people, who transform themselves in difficult times, demonstrate mental strength and energy. "Coward" Masha prefers to live locked up, on bread and water, but does not agree to become the wife of an unprincipled, vile Shvabrin: Masha is faithful to her beloved person and her high moral principles.

"Coward" Masha, for the sake of her beloved, will go to the Empress of All Russia herself, in order to tell the Empress about the innocence of her fiancé, to ask for great mercy - to grant him freedom. But such a step could only be made by a brave, strong girl. It is not so easy: to decide to meet and talk with the Empress herself, to win her over.

Giving his work such a name - "The Captain's Daughter" - Pushkin emphasized that he was primarily concerned with moral issues and that Masha personifies spiritual purity, nobility, courage and modesty.

Take care of honor from a young age ... This means that honor does not forget past mistakes. Having stumbled once in your youth, you will no longer be able to completely clear your conscience of the dark spots of days gone by. All mature life is, by and large, the cultivation of the fruits of youth. Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova, in my opinion, come to maturity with good spiritual soil, ready for good deeds and fair decisions.

In the late twenties - early thirties A.S. Pushkin turns to the study of Russian history. He is interested in great personalities, their role in the formation of the state. The writer turns to the actual topic of peasant uprisings. The result of his labors were works - "The History of Pugachev", "The Captain's Daughter", "Dubrovsky", "The Bronze Horseman".
"The Captain's Daughter" is the final work of Pushkin. She talks about a peasant uprising led by the Cossack Emelyan Pugachev. The story is told on behalf of the protagonist, who, in his youth, witnessed the participants in the events described.
The author himself participates in the analysis of what is happening. His position is manifested in the selection of epigraphs in each chapter.
The epigraph to the chapter "Sergeant of the Guard" reveals the understanding by Andrey Petrovichev and Petrusha of the duty of an officer. Pyotr Grinev is a young nobleman, an uyezd dumb. He received a provincial education from a Frenchman who "was not an enemy of the Bottle" and liked to sip too much. " His father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, considered the concept of duty from the position of an officer. He believed that an officer was obliged to carry out all orders of his superiors, "serve faithfully to the one to whom you swear allegiance." Father immediately says that "Petrusha will not go to Petersburg," and sends him to the remote Belogorsk fortress. Andrei Petrovich Grinev does not want his son to learn to "hang and hang."
The epigraph to chapter 11 is an old song. In the chapter "Leader" a "little man" appears, who later becomes the leader of the uprising. With the appearance of Pugachev, an alarming, mysterious atmosphere arises in the novel. This is how Petrusha sees him already in his prophetic dream: "A man jumped out of bed, grabbed an ax from behind his back and began waving in all directions ... The room was filled with dead bodies ... The terrible man called me affectionately, saying:" Do not be afraid ... "
Pushkin's Pugachev is “woven” from folklore. It is no coincidence that his appearance during a storm, which becomes a symbolic foreshadowing of the riot.
In The Duel, Shvabrin advises Grinev: “… so that Masha Mironova would come to you at dusk, give her a pair of earrings instead of tender rhymes”. Therefore, a duel takes place between Grinev and Shvabrin.
The epigraph to the fifth chapter, "Love", speaks of Masha. This is an ordinary Russian girl who hopes to meet her love. Therefore, her attention is attracted by Shvabrin, who was exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for participating in a duel. At first, she is attracted by the education and erudition of a young officer. However, soon Shvabrin commits a number of dastardly acts, which makes Masha indignantly reject his harassment. Masha meets true love in the person of Grinev.
The epigraph to chapter six contains a song. The chapter "Pugachevschina" talks about how an "unknown force" - Pugachev's army - is spontaneously approaching the Belogorsk fortress. The Pugachev uprising brings with it destruction and death.
The chapter "Attack" reflects the key situation of "The Captain's Daughter" - the capture of the fortress by Pugachev and the behavior of the heroes. All participants in the events find themselves in a situation of choosing life or death: each of them makes it in accordance with their own ideas about morality, honor and duty.
In the eighth chapter, Grinev becomes an "uninvited guest" with Pugachev. At the "strange council of war" the protagonist hears a "mournful burlak song": "Don't make a noise, mother green oak tree." His "piitic horror" shocks not only the song itself, but also the people singing it, "doomed to the gallows."
The epigraph to the chapter "Parting" contains the main idea: the "sad" parting of two lovers. However, they pass this test with dignity.
In chapter ten, Grinev is faced with a choice: the duty of an officer or feelings. "In the night" he tries to save Marya Ivanovna.
In "Rebellious Sloboda" Pugachev receives Grinev "kindly". The leader of the uprising lives by the principle: "Debt by payment is beautiful." Therefore, he decides to once again help Pyotr Grinev save Masha from Shvabrin.
In the chapter "Orphan," Grinev and Pugachev arrive at the Belogorsk fortress. There they find Masha "in a peasant torn dress", "with disheveled hair." She was left an orphan - she has "neither father nor mother." The captain's daughter places all hopes for salvation on her beloved Grinev. However, the main savior is Pugachev, who expresses his desire to be a "planted father" at their wedding.
In the thirteenth chapter "Arrest" a new test appears for the lovers: Grinev is arrested and accused of treason.
In the last chapter, "The Court", Grinev does not want to talk about the captain's daughter, who is involved in the story with Pugachev. However, Masha Mironova herself was able to overcome all obstacles and arrange her happiness. Masha's honesty and sincerity helped to get forgiveness for Grinev from the empress herself.