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In AS Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter", two opposite characters are depicted: the noble Pyotr Grinev and the dishonorable Alexei Shvabrin. The history of their relationship is one of the main plot elements of "The Captain's Daughter" and reveals in detail the problem of protection of honor in the novel.

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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter" is devoted to the problem of protecting and preserving honor. To reveal this topic, the author depicts two opposite characters: a young officer Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin, exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel.

Young Pyotr Grinev appears in the novel as an infantile, poorly educated nobleman who is not ready for adulthood, but in every possible way wants to escape into this adult life. The time spent in the Belogorsk fortress and in the battles near Orenburg changes his character and fate. He not only develops all his best noble qualities, but also finds true love, as a result, remaining an honest person.

In contrast to him, the author from the very beginning portrays Alexei Shvabrin as a person who clearly crossed the line between honor and dishonor. According to Vasilisa Yegorovna, Aleksey Ivanovich "was discharged from the guards for murder and was discharged, he does not believe in Lord God either." Pushkin endows his hero not only with a bad character and a tendency to dishonest acts, but also symbolically draws a portrait of a man with "a dark complexion and superbly ugly", but at the same time "overly alive."

Perhaps it is Shvabrin's liveliness that attracts Grinev. The young nobleman is also very interesting to Shvabrin, for whom the Belogorsk fortress is a link, a lost place in which he does not see people. Shvabrin's interest in Grinev is explained by his desire to "finally see a human face" after five years of being in the hopeless wilderness of the steppe. Grinev feels sympathy for Shvabrin and spends a lot of time with him, but gradually feelings for Maria Mironova begin to seize him more and more. This not only alienates Grinev from Shvabrin, but also provokes a duel between them. Grinev wants to take revenge on Shvabrin for slandering his beloved, whom Shvabrin takes revenge on for rejecting him.

During all subsequent events, Shvabrin increasingly manifests his dishonor and, as a result, turns into the ultimate villain. All of Grinev's most disgusting traits awaken in him: a slanderer, a traitor, who forcibly wants to marry Maria. He and Grinev are no longer friends and not even comrades in arms for a long time, Shvabrin not only becomes disgusting to Grinev, in the Pugachev uprising they stand on opposite sides. Even entering into relations with Pugachev, Grinev cannot go to the end, he cannot betray his noble honor. For Shvabrin, honor is not initially so important, so it costs him nothing to cross to the other side and then slander honest Grinev.

Grinev and Shvabrin are two opposites that diverge as quickly as they attract. These heroes choose different paths, but the denouement nevertheless turns out to be successful precisely for the honest Grinev, pardoned by the empress and living a long happy life, in contrast to Shvabrin, who disappeared unknown to the ringing of chains in the prison corridors.

Even more essays on the topic: "The relationship between Grinev and Shvabrin":

The historical story "The Captain's Daughter" is the last work of A.S. Pushkin, written in prose. This work reflects all the most important themes of Pushkin's work of the late period - the place of the "little" person in historical events, moral choice in harsh social circumstances, law and mercy, people and power, "family thought". One of the central moral problems of the story is the problem of honor and dishonor. The solution to this issue can be traced primarily in the fate of Grinev and Shvabrin.

These are young officers. Both serve in the Belogorsk Fortress. Grinev and Shvabrin are noblemen, close in age, education, mental development. Grinev describes his impression made on him by the young lieutenant in the following way: “Shvabrin was very clever. His conversation was sharp and entertaining. With great gaiety he described to me the commandant's family, his society and the land where fate had taken me. " However, the heroes did not become friends. One of the reasons for dislike is Masha Mironova. It was in the relationship with the captain's daughter that the moral qualities of the heroes were revealed. Grinev and Shvabrin turned out to be antipodes. The attitude to honor and duty finally divorced Grinev and Shvabrin during the Pugachev revolt.

Petr Andreevich is distinguished by kindness, gentleness, conscientiousness, sensitivity. It is no coincidence that Grinev immediately became "family" for the Mironovs, and Masha fell in love with him deeply and selflessly. The girl confesses to Grinev: "... until the grave, you alone will remain in my heart." Shvabrin, on the contrary, makes a repulsive impression on others. A moral flaw is already evident in his appearance: he was short, with a "superbly ugly face." Masha, like Grinev, dislikes Shvabrin, the girl is frightened off by his evil tongue: "... he is such a mocker." She senses a dangerous person in the lieutenant: “He is very disgusting to me, but strange: I would never want him to dislike me either. That would bother me with fear. " Subsequently, becoming a prisoner of Shvabrin, she is ready to die, but not submit to him. For Vasilisa Yegorovna Shvabrin is a "murderer", and the invalid Ivan Ignatyich admits: "I myself am not a hunter before him."

Grinev is honest, open, straightforward. He lives and acts at the behest of his heart, and his heart is freely subject to the laws of noble honor, the code of Russian chivalry, and a sense of duty. These laws are immutable for him. Grinev is a man of his word. He promised to thank the accidental guide and did so, despite Savelich's desperate resistance. Grinev could not give half a dollar for vodka, but he gave the counselor his hare sheepskin coat. The law of honor forces the young man to pay a huge billiard debt to the not too honestly playing hussar Zurin. Grinev is noble and ready to fight in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the honor of Masha Mironova.

Grinev is consistently honest, and Shvabrin commits one after another immoral acts. This envious, spiteful, vengeful person is used to acting deceit and deceit. Shvabrin deliberately described Masha Grineva as "a complete fool", hid from him his matchmaking to the captain's daughter. Grinev soon understood the reasons for Shvabrin's deliberate slander, with which he pursued Masha: "He probably noticed our mutual inclination and tried to distract us from each other."

Shvabrin is ready to get rid of his opponent by any means possible. Insulting Masha, he skillfully drives Grinev to fury and provokes a challenge to a duel, not counting the inexperienced Grinev as a dangerous opponent. The lieutenant is planning a murder. This person stops at nothing. He is used to making all his wishes come true. According to Vasilisa Yegorovna, Shvabrin was “transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for murder”, for “stabbing the lieutenant in a duel, and even with two witnesses”. During the duel between officers, Grinev, unexpectedly for Shvabrin, turned out to be a skillful swordsman, but, taking advantage of a favorable moment for him, Shvabrin wounded Grinev.

Grinev is generous, and Shvabrin is low. After the duel, the young officer forgave the "unfortunate rival", and he continued to insidiously take revenge on Grinev and wrote a denunciation to his parents. Shvabrin constantly commits immoral acts. But the main crime in the chain of his constant baseness is going over to Pugachev's side not for ideological, but for selfish reasons. Pushkin shows how all the qualities of nature are fully manifested in a person in historical trials. The dastardly beginning in Shvabrin makes him a complete scoundrel. Grinev's openness and honesty attracted Pugachev to him and saved his life. The high moral potential of the hero was revealed during the most difficult tests for the strength of convictions. Grinev several times had to choose between honor and dishonor, and in fact, between life and death.

After Pugachev "pardoned" Grinev, he had to kiss his hand, that is, recognize him as the king. In the chapter "The Uninvited Guest," Pugachev himself arranges a "test of compromise", trying to get Grinev's promise "at least not to fight" against him. In all these cases, the hero, risking his life, shows firmness and intransigence.

Shvabrin has no moral principles. He saves his life by breaking his oath. Grinev was amazed to see "among the foremen Shvabrin, cut into a circle and wearing a Cossack caftan." This terrible man continues to persecute Masha Mironova. Shvabrin is fanatically obsessed with the desire to achieve not love, but at least obedience from the captain's daughter. Grinev assesses Shvabrina's actions: "I looked with disgust at the nobleman lying at the feet of a fugitive Cossack."

The author's position coincides with the views of the narrator. This is evidenced by the epigraph to the story: "Take care of honor from your youth." Grinev remained faithful to duty and honor. The most important words he said to Pugachev: "Just do not demand that which is contrary to my honor and Christian conscience." Shvabrin violated both a noble duty and a human one.

Source: mysoch.ru

The story "The Captain's Daughter" by A. Pushkin attracts the reader not only with interesting historical facts, but also with bright, memorable images of heroes.

Young officers Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin are characters whose characters and views are completely opposite. This is evidenced by how differently they behave in everyday life, in critical situations, in love. And if you are imbued with sympathy for Grinev from the very first pages of the story, then acquaintance with Shvabrin evokes contempt and disgust.

Shvabrin's portrait is as follows: "... a young officer of short stature, with a dark complexion and superbly ugly." To match his appearance and his nature - evil, cowardly, hypocritical. Shvabrin is capable of dishonest acts, it costs him nothing to slander or betray a person for his own benefit. This person cares most about his “selfish” interest.

Unable to achieve the love of Masha Mironova, he not only seeks to stand in her way to happiness, but also tries to force the girl to marry him with the help of threats and force. Saving his life, Shvabrin is one of the first to swear allegiance to the impostor Pugachev, and when this is revealed and he is brought to trial, he testifies against Grinev in order to take revenge on him for all his failures.

All the best features of the nobility were embodied in the image of Pyotr Grinev. He is honest, brave, courageous, just, knows how to keep his word, loves the fatherland and is devoted to his duty. Most of all, a young man has sincerity and straightforwardness towards himself. Swagger and sycophancy are alien to him. Having managed to win the love of Marya Ivanovna, Grinev reveals himself not only as a gentle and devoted admirer. Above all, he puts her honor, her name, and is ready not only to defend them with a sword in hand, but also to go into exile for Masha.

With his positive qualities of character, Grinev conquered even the robber Pugachev, who helped him free Masha from the hands of Shvabrin and wanted to be planted by his father at their wedding.

I am sure that in our time many would like to be like Pyotr Grinev, while Shvabrin would never like to meet.

Source: www.ukrlib.com

Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin is not only a negative character, but also the opposite of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, the narrator on whose behalf the story is told in The Captain's Daughter.

Grinev and Shvabrin are not the only heroes in the story that are somehow juxtaposed with each other: such "pairs" are formed by almost all the main characters in the work: Empress Catherine - the false emperor Pugachev, Masha Mironova - her mother Vasilisa Yegorovna - which allows us to speak about comparison as one of the most important compositional techniques used by the author in the story.

It is interesting, however, that not all of the named heroes are absolutely opposed to each other. So, Masha Mironova, rather, is compared with her mother and reveals as much devotion to her chosen one and courage in the struggle for him as Captain Mironova, who was not afraid of villains and died with her husband. The opposition of the "pair" Ekaterina - Pugachev is not as straightforward as it seems at first glance.

These warring and warring characters have many close traits and similar actions. Both are capable of both cruelty and the manifestation of mercy and justice. In the name of Catherine, supporters of Pugachev (a mutilated Bashkir with a severed tongue) are brutally persecuted and subjected to brutal torture, and Pugachev commits atrocities and executions together with his comrades. On the other hand, both Pugachev and Ekaterina show mercy towards Grinev, saving him and Marya Ivanovna from trouble and ultimately making them happy.

And only between Grinev and Shvabrin nothing is found except antagonism. It is already indicated in the names by which the author calls his heroes. Grinev bears the name of Peter, he is the namesake of the great emperor, to whom Pushkin, of course, had the most enthusiastic feelings. Shvabrin was given the name of the traitor to his father's cause - Tsarevich Alexei. This, of course, does not mean at all that every character in Pushkin's work bearing one of these names should be correlated in the mind of the reader with the named historical figures. But in the context of the story, where the problem of honor and dishonor, loyalty and betrayal is so important, such a coincidence seems to be no coincidence.

It is known how seriously Pushkin took the concept of family noble honor, to what is commonly called roots. It is no coincidence, of course, that is why it is described in such detail and in detail in the story about the childhood of Petrusha Grinev, about his family, in which the traditions of the age-old noble upbringing are sacredly preserved. And even though these "habits of dear old times" are not described without irony, it is obvious that the author's irony is full of warmth and understanding. And in the end, it was the thought of the impossibility of shaming the honor of the clan, the family that did not allow Grinev to commit betrayal against his girlfriend, to break the officer's oath.

Shvabrin is a man without family, without a tribe. We do not know anything about his origin, about his parents. Nothing is said about his childhood, about his upbringing. Behind him, it seems, there is no spiritual and moral baggage that Grinev supports. Apparently, no one gave Shvabrin a simple and wise instruction: "Take care of honor from a young age." Therefore, he easily neglects her to save his own life and just for personal well-being. At the same time, we note that Shvabrin is an inveterate duelist: it is known that he was transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for some kind of "villainy", probably for a duel. He summons Grinev to a duel, moreover, in a situation where he himself is to blame: he insulted Maria Ivanovna, vilely slandering her in front of the loving Peter Andreevich.

It is important that duels in the story are not approved by any of the honest heroes: neither Captain Mironov, who reminded Grinev that "fights are formally prohibited in the military article," nor Vasilisa Yegorovna, who considered them "murder" and "murder," nor Savelich. Grinev accepts the challenge, defending the honor of his beloved girl, while Shvabrin - from the fact that he was justly called a liar and a scoundrel. Thus, in his addiction to duels, Shvabrin turns out to be a defender of superficially, falsely understood honor, a jealous person not of the spirit, but of the letter of the law, only of its external observance. This proves once again that he has no idea of \u200b\u200btrue honor.

For Shvabrin, nothing is sacred at all: no love, no friendship, no duty. Moreover, we understand that disregard for these concepts is an ordinary thing for him. From the words of Vasilisa Yegorovna, we learn that Shvabrin "does not believe in God," that he was "discharged from the guard for murder." Not every duel and not every officer was fired from the guard. Obviously, there was some ugly, vile story connected with that duel. And, consequently, what happened in the Belogorsk fortress and later was not an accident, not a consequence of momentary weakness, not just cowardice, which is ultimately forgivable under certain circumstances. Shvabrin came to his final fall naturally.

He lived without faith, without moral ideals. He himself was unable to love, and the feelings of others were neglected. After all, he knew that he was disgusted with Masha, but, despite this, he harassed her, stopping at nothing. The advice he gives Grinev about Marya Ivanovna betrays him a vulgar ("... if you want Masha Mironova to visit you at dusk, give her a pair of earrings instead of tender rhymes"), Shvabrin is not only mean, but also cunning. After the duel, fearing new troubles, he plays a scene of sincere remorse in front of Grinev. Further events show that the simple-minded Grinev in vain believed the liar. At the first opportunity, Shvabrin vile revenge on Grinev by betraying Marya Ivanovna Pugacheva. And here the villain and the criminal, the peasant Pugachev, shows a nobility that Shvabrin cannot understand: he, to Shvabrin's indescribable anger, lets Grinev and Masha Mironova go with God, forcing Shvabrin to give them “a pass to all the outposts and fortresses subject to him. Shvabrin, completely destroyed, stood like a dumbfounded "...

The last time we see Shvabrin, when he, arrested for his connection with Pugachev, chained in chains, makes a last attempt to slander and destroy Grinev. He outwardly changed a lot: “his hair, recently black as pitch, had completely turned gray”, but his soul was still black: he uttered his accusations, albeit in a “weak, but bold voice,” so great were his anger and hatred for the happiness of his opponent.

Shvabrin will end his life as ingloriously as he lived: he was not loved by anyone and did not love anyone, who served no one and nothing, but only adjusted his whole life. He is like a tumbleweed, a plant without a root, a man without family, without a tribe, did not live, but rolled down,
until I fell into the abyss ...

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Without the image of Shvabrin, Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter would be devoid of confidence in the triumph of justice. It is thanks to this hero that we can fully appreciate the nobility of Grinev and the truth of Masha's love.

Origin and occupation of Shvabrin

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is a man of aristocratic origin. His family was wealthy and influential in aristocratic circles.

Alexey Ivanovich, like all nobles, received a good education, he knew several foreign languages \u200b\u200band was distinguished by an outstanding mind.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

Like most young people, Shvabrin chose a military career. Alexey Ivanovich began his military path in the elite troops - in the guard. At first, his service was not difficult, but the recklessness of Alexei Ivanovich ruined everything.

Despite the ban on duels, Shvabrin still defies the official ban. The duel ended quite successfully for him, which cannot be said about his opponent, the lieutenant. The resulting wound led to his death. The fact of the duel became known and Shvabrin, as a punishment, was sent to the Belogorodskaya fortress, where he had served for about five years: “God knows what sin led him to; he, if you please, went out of town with a lieutenant, but they took swords with them, and besides, they were stabbing each other; and Aleksey Ivanovich stabbed the lieutenant, and even with two witnesses. "

Shvabrin's appearance

Alexey Ivanovich was not distinguished by his pleasant appearance - he was not tall, his face was absolutely ugly, it was difficult to distinguish at least any pleasant facial features, his face was distinguished by mimic liveliness, which was even more repulsive. His skin was a dark color to match his hair. Hair was perhaps one of the few things that were attractive about Shvabrin - it was deep black and beautifully framed his face.

After the seizure of the fortress by Pugachev, Shvabrin's appearance changed significantly - he changed his usual suit for Cossack clothes, let go of his beard.

The arrest by the official authorities also affected his appearance - his once beautiful hair turned gray, and his beard lost its attractiveness. “He was terribly thin and pale. His hair, recently jet black, had completely turned gray; the long beard was disheveled. "

In general, his appearance corresponded to a person awaiting sentencing - he was depressed and discouraged.

Characteristics of personal qualities

Alexey Ivanovich possessed an extremely hot-tempered character, which repeatedly became the cause of his misfortunes. Intemperance in relation to the lieutenant deprived him of the opportunity to carelessly serve in the elite troops. Hot temper in relation to Grinev became the reason for the transition to the side of the rebels and, as a result, hard labor.

In general, Shvabrin is not a stupid person, he is endowed with quick-wittedness and ingenuity, but in moments of emotional instability, his mental abilities recede into the background - emotions decide everything. “Shvabrin was not very stupid. His conversation was sharp and entertaining. "

Alexey Ivanovich is a dishonest person. His habits include deceiving people and slandering. Sometimes he does it out of boredom, sometimes to get some personal benefit.

One way or another, this repels others from Shvabrin - no one wants to communicate with a daring and insidious person.

Shvabrin and Grinev

Grinev's appearance in the fortress brought some animation to her sleepy and boring life. There were not so many employees here, so there were no problems with choosing a company for a pastime. Grinev says about Shvabrin: “I really did not like his usual jokes about the commandant's family, especially his sharp remarks about Marya Ivanovna. There was no other society in the fortress, but I did not want another. " The noble and kind Grinev managed to win over everyone in the fortress, in particular the commandant's daughter, Masha. Eaten up by jealousy, Shvabrin also challenges the young opponent to a duel. Shvabrin was practically convinced of his victory - he believed that a man of such an age as Grinev could not possess exceptional fencing abilities, but it turned out to be the other way around - chance decided the course of the fight -

Not getting rid of the enemy in a duel, Shvabrin resorts to deceit. He writes an anonymous letter to Grinev's father about the events that have taken place. Alexey Ivanovich expects that the angry father will take his son from the fortress and the path to his beloved Masha will again be free, but this does not happen. Shvabrin had to hide and wait for a better opportunity.

After some time, such an opportunity arose - after the arrests of the participants in the uprising, to whom Aleksei Ivanovich belonged, legal proceedings began. It is here that Shvabrin recalls his long-standing grudge against Grinev and ascribes to him a game on two fronts. However, this time Shvabrin's hopes did not come true: thanks to Masha, Grinev was pardoned by the empress.

Shvabrin and Marya Ivanovna Mironova

Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin was by nature an amorous man. Once in the fortress, he immediately spotted a pretty girl - the daughter of the fortress commandant. Marya Ivanovna was not distinguished by exceptional beauty, it is unlikely that she could compete with the first beauties, but nevertheless she had pleasant facial features. Over time, Alexey Ivanovich begins to show interest in the girl. It seems to him that if he does not arouse Marya's sympathy, then her parents will convince the girl to reciprocate - the Shvabrin family is provided for, and the Mironovs are dragging out a miserable existence on the verge of poverty.

Most likely, Shvabrin does not feel true love for a girl - for him this is a game, entertainment. Marya realizes this and therefore shuns the dishonest and unattractive person, which causes indignation and irritation in Shvabrin. The appearance in the fortress of Grinev further inflamed relations between Alexei Ivanovich and Maria Ivanovna. Mironova falls in love with a sweet and kind young man, and Shvabrin is unable to rejoice in their mutual feeling, and all the time tries to find a way to defend his ghostly right to the girl's love. Shvabrin's attempts do not lead to anything good: Masha is only more convinced of his dishonesty and hypocrisy.

After the seizure of the fortress by the rebels, Shvabrin locks up the girl and starves her - he hopes that in this way he will be able to break her and get what she wants, but Marya is helped to escape, and Alexei Ivanovich is left with nothing.

Shvabrin and Pugachev

Shvabrin's transition to the side of the rebels seems illogical and absurd. For him, as a representative of the aristocracy, a rich and wealthy person, supporting the rebellion is an absolutely unnecessary and unjustifiably risky business.

The first objective thought that explains such an act is fear for one's life. Pugachev and the rebels are very categorical with people who do not want to serve them, but, as further developments show, Shvabrin was not only guided by the desire to stay alive. Shvabrin was dismissive of other people's lives, but was in no hurry to part with his own. Seeing how decisively the rebels deal with the disobedient, Shvabrin swears an oath to faithfully serve Pugachev.

He devotedly serves him and his cause - he has his hair cut in the manner of the Cossacks and dresses in Cossack clothes. Shvabrin leads himself freely and unrestrainedly in the company of the rebels, he is so accustomed to the role that it is difficult to recognize him as an aristocrat.

It is likely that such behavior of Shvabrin was just a game for the audience - it is unlikely that a person like Alexei Ivanovich truly shared the views and desires of Pugachev.

On our site you can read the poem "Eugene Onegin" by A. Pushkin.

The image of Shvabrin did not inspire much confidence in Pugachev - Alexey Ivanovich was a traitor who went over to his side. The fact of betrayal should have alerted Pugachev and cast doubt on the sincerity of his intentions, but, in spite of everything, Pugachev makes Shvabrin the new head of the fortress, it is likely that this choice was influenced by Shvabrin's military past.

Thus, the negative image of Shvabrin becomes the background for displaying the actions and characteristics of other characters. A.S. Pushkin, with the help of opposition, achieves a vivid depiction of the importance of morality and decency. Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin was a dishonest, greedy person all the time and as a result suffered for his hot temper, anger and self-interest - for his involvement in the activities of the rebels, he was sent to hard labor.

Literary criticism about "The Captain's Daughter"

Reading "The Captain's Daughter", condemning Shvabrin's behavior, the reader - for sure - does not think about the fact that this work is unique in its own way in Russian literature. The problem of artistic psychology is one of the most difficult and least studied. This problem arose, in fact, together with literature and, therefore, went through a number of stages in its development. In the 20-30s of the 19th century, Russian literature has already acquired real maturity. First of all, in the work of Pushkin, who thus became the founder of Russian literature. Artistry found its fullest expression in the creation of characters - as the most stable, multifaceted and dynamic psychological structures, embodying the uniqueness of individuality. It was on this basis that the formation of psychologism as one of the leading principles of reflection was completed. This happened in close interaction with romanticism and critical realism. After all, their pathos consisted primarily in the reflection of human individuality, in the assertion of its independence, in the display of its flourishing and, at the same time, the injuries caused by the socio-historical conditions of life.

So, we must assume that in Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century, there were at least three forms of psychologism. First of all, this is the psychologism that arose when a person in general was considered the subject of literature, and the dogmas of normative poetics still gravitated over writers to one degree or another. However, here it was no longer "high" and "low" that were opposed, but "sensitivity" and "coldness" ...

Pushkin's words in the context of psychologism

The main one was the form of psychologism, which arose with the recognition of the value of human individuality. This contributed to the fact that psychologism finally turned into one of the leading principles of literature (and culture, perhaps), along with humanism. At that time, radical changes took place in social psychology in connection with the awakening of self-awareness in society, with the emergence of an analytical approach to the existing way of life. More and more writers of the 1920s and especially the 1930s came to this form of psychologism.

"The Captain's Daughter" is the author's last word. Our writer began his career, when the process of awakening social self-awareness was directly reproduced in literature, and with this - the recognition of the value of individual uniqueness. Thus, “everyday free-thinking” was reflected, according to Yuri Lotman, which was clearly manifested in “riot”, as well as “hussarship”, “epicureanism”, romantic attitude, etc. All these are different manifestations of self-affirmation of the individual. And it is from this point of view that the hero of Pushkin's work interprets such forms of the psyche as "character" and "passion".

Thus, psychologism finally took shape as the principle of reflection in connection with the reproduction of a special state of social psychology: the awakening of the self-consciousness of the individual and the recognition of the value of individual originality. This is how the form that reached its highest development in the works of Pushkin and Gogol arose. Of course, these authors realized this form in different ways, because Pushkin and Gogol adhered to far from identical concepts of humanism and, moreover, dealt with different life material. With the spread of reflection, in particular skepticism, a transition to a new form of psychologism began, which Lermontov had already discovered. The next step is the psychologism of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy ... And, as we can see, everything begins in many respects with Pushkin.

Modern receptions of "The Captain's Daughter" and the image of Shvabrin

Above, we analyzed Shvabrin's image in isolation. However, one cannot but admit the fact that literature is a series of receptions and reincarnations. So, we offer an original look at how the image of Shvabrin migrated into modern literature. In particular, we are talking about the work of Viktor Pelevin. In his novel, Pelevin uses the plot of Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", namely, Grinev's duel with Shvabrin. This duel takes place through a hearty verse to Masha, written by the enamored Grinev and the ridiculed Shvabrin. In Pelevin's "Ampir B" the duel actually takes place in verses of different genre. Mitra writes a sycophantic madrigal, Roma-Rama writes an invective of socio-political sound.

Pushkin and Pelevin carefully describe the rules of the duel as a knightly code of honor ("The Captain's Daughter") and as its verbal imitation ("Empire B"). The duel (the struggle between the heroes for Masha's heart in "The Captain's Daughter") and the dispute over Hera's loyalty (in "Empire B") becomes the reason for further self-characterization of the heroes. Shvabrin, like Mitra, reveals baseness and sycophancy. Grinev, like Roma-Rama, reveals, in turn, historical insight, wisdom, honesty, patriotism. The historical insight of Pelevin's hero continues Pushkin's reflections on the reasons for the Russian national-historical “non-identity”, the inconsistency with oneself at various stages of social development. The hero of the postmodern era, Roma-Rama, continues for almost two centuries the thoughts about the tragic consequences of the Russian historical chaos, which is based on "violent upheavals". So, the "eternal youth of Russia" is provided by the previous history torn to the ground.

Thus, the Pushkin intertext in Pelevin's novel acts as a consolidating cultural factor that continues the original Russian literary tradition, creates a dialogue between modernity and the golden time of Russian literature, thereby embodying the saving continuity of eras.

Another emphasis: Shvabrin as a double-minded person

The Pushkin system is a classic system of antitheses, when negative characters correspond to positive characters. Shvabrin, as we have seen from our analysis, embodies the characteristics associated with negative figures. Vileness, dishonesty, a tendency to betrayals and betrayals, insidiousness, cruelty, lack of principle - all this is about Shvabrin.

When the reader first meets this hero, he finds him in the fortress. Shvabrin is serving a sentence "for murder." Of course, negative characters are usually endowed with a powerful mind, wit, attractive appearance, liveliness of character, and entertaining speech. Pushkin collects in the image of Shvabrin all those features that are inherent in typical villains. The reader becomes a witness of the unfolding drama - not jealousy, but the triumph of a sense of ownership. Shvabrin is opposed to Grinev, a positive character. Grinev gets what Shvabrin could not get. That is, the love of a girl. Dissatisfaction - almost in the Freudian sense - pushes Shvabrin to vile acts: denigrating Masha's name (the same girl, as we remember), wounding Grinev in a duel, finally, the recognition of the imposter Pugachev as the sovereign, disguising, betrayal ... Shvabrin captivates Masha, trying to force her out marry him. Of course, the story ended happily, and Masha was released from the fortress. However, Pushkin's logic unfolds in the key "offense - punishment", in a literary work justice has triumphed, but in life it would probably have happened differently. Shvabrin, after a series of losses, still tries to console himself with revenge. However, he receives only devastation and a final loss of dignity - as a person.

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich is one of the negative characters of this work. In the novel, he represents the image of a young officer from a fairly wealthy family of a noble family. As an officer, he was demoted to the Belgorod Fortress, due to the murder of his comrade.

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich did not differ in sufficiently beautiful facial features, but there were notes of liveliness in him. He also did not differ in height and, moreover, suffered from excessive thinness.

As for personal qualities, Shvabrin possessed a fairly good mind, quick-wittedness and wit. Its dialogues are filled with poignant and engaging topics that further entice the reader. But since he was a negative character, Shvabrin was endowed with such qualities as slander and fiction. So, for example, he described Maria Mironova as an absolute fool, and indeed she was a very smart and good-natured girl.

In many scenes, he retained his importance and a very pompous appearance. He constantly made inappropriate and rude jokes that were alien to his surroundings. Shvabrin loved to constantly laugh at someone and got great pleasure from it. This man had nothing sacred. He completely refused to believe in God, and therefore he did not care that he was ranked among the murderers.

A deceitful, impudent, moreover, also a vile man who betrayed his army and after which he calmly transferred to the detachments of the impostor Pugachev. After that, Shvabrin received in the Pugachev detachment, the post of chief of the Belgorod fortress. And taking advantage of his position, he abducts Masha and keeps her by force, thus trying to get her favor. But as a result, there is justice in everything and Shvabrin is arrested for committing treason.

Sochenie Image and characteristics of Shvabrin

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is a secondary and negative character in the story "The Captain's Daughter". This is a young, educated officer from a wealthy family. He was short, and his face was dark and ugly. He knew French and was skilled with a sword.

He once served in the guard. There he stabbed one lieutenant with a sword and was sent to serve in the remote Belogorsk fortress.

In the fortress Shvabrin meets Pyotr Grinev, who has arrived for service. At first, he seems to be a very friendly and witty person with whom it is interesting and fun to spend time.

But, in the future, the hero is revealed from the other side. He was in love with the daughter of Captain Mironov, but she did not reciprocate. Being a vindictive, cowardly and mean man, he began to spread bad rumors about her and her family.

He quarreled with Pyotr Grinev because of jealousy of Masha Mironova and wants to fight him in a duel. During the fight, he stabs in the back, for a moment the opponent turned away. He writes a deceitful letter to Grinev's father, after which Peter's mother falls ill.

Alexey Shvabrin is a dishonest and shameless person. During the attack of the Pugachev gang on the fortress, he betrays his own and immediately goes over to the side of the villains. Then the impostor Pugachev appoints him commandant of the fortress. His appearance changes, he becomes important, dresses in Cossacks and grows a beard.

He takes advantage of his new position and forcibly restrains the captain's daughter Masha. He treats her badly, keeps her locked up, humiliates and starves her in every possible way. But all his attempts to force Masha Mironova to become his wife are in vain.

At the end of the story, Alexei Shvabrin is arrested. He looks thin and emaciated, his face turns pale, and his once black hair turns gray. Out of his overwhelming impotence and anger, he tries to annoy his rival Pyotr Grinev. Shvabrin gives false testimony about him. He assures that Grinev joined the ranks of Pugachev and is a traitor to his homeland. He manifests himself as a vile, hypocritical and deceitful person.

Shvabrin's character does not evoke any respect and compassion.

Option 3

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich is a minor hero, an aristocrat, a nobleman who, for one reason or another, ended up in the Belgorod Fortress. He is a young officer of average height. He is well educated and can speak. There is always a joke and sharpness in his speech. Once upon a time he was in love with Masha Mironova, the only daughter of the head of the fortress, but was refused, which was not particularly pleased with. He has been serving in the Belgorod Fortress for the fifth year.

After Masha Mironova's refusal, Shvabrin starts spreading dirty rumors about her in the fortress and beyond. Given this circumstance, it is safe to say that this is not a very honest person.

His cunning, deceitfulness is proved by the fact that he took advantage of the fact that during the duel, Grinev was distracted by Savelich, namely Alexey Ivanovich shot him. Further, Shvabrin writes a letter about the duel to Grinev's father, knowing that this could aggravate the situation of Grinev Jr.

At the time of the capture of the Belgorod fortress, seeing that Pugachev and his associates are winning. Shvabrin, not thinking about anything, goes over to the side of the barbarian and the robber. In the service of Pugachev, Grinev continues to lie and perform all sorts of tricks and meanness. Having learned that Masha Mironova is alone in the fortress and no one can protect her, he decided to use his power. He rudely solicits the daughter of the murdered commandant of the fortress, which does not speak of his love for Masha Mironova.

When Shvabrin saw that Grinev was under the protection of Pugachev, he fell at the feet of the sovereign, forgetting about his dignity and honor. He does not honor anyone or anything. He fears only for his own skin, which is worthless. But do not forget that Shvabrin is a nobleman, and to see a nobleman lying on the ground is disgusting.

When Grinev took Maria Ivanovna with him, Shvabrin felt anger and a desire to take revenge on him. He wanted to take revenge not from love for Maria Mironova, but from rivalry and personal vileness and flattery. In the end, Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin is arrested for treason.

When Shvabrin is arrested, he slanders Grinev, although he will know that he did not swear allegiance to Pugachev and did not participate in his robbery.

Making a characterization of the image of Shvabrin, it should be noted that Pushkin introduced this negative hero into the novel not only in order to diversify the plot, but also to remind the reader that in life there are real bastards who can ruin the lives of the people around them.

Shvabrin in Pushkin's story

In the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", the main villain and anti-hero is not the robber Pugachev with his henchmen, but a young Russian officer - Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. This is a young man with a foolish disposition, from an aristocratic family, with an inflated opinion of himself and his own actions. This character does not have the concept of honor and duty, because after the seizure of the Belgorod fortress, without hesitation, he sided with the enemy, without even remembering that he had taken the most important oath - to defend his homeland.

True love to Alexei Ivanovich is not familiar. The daughter of the commandant of the fortress, Masha, liked him very much, therefore, in a fit of his feelings, Shvabrin offered her a marriage. The girl refused the young officer, as she felt bad intentions and deception from him. After the refusal, Alexei did not accept and decided that he would take revenge on Maria, calling her names and spreading inappropriate rumors about the life of the poor girl. But Masha steadfastly endured Shvabrin's attacks, while Shvabrin himself became angrier. When the fortress was captured, Alexei Ivanovich managed to get close to Maria, he put her under lock and key, did not give normal food, but only bread and water, hoping thereby to knock out of the exhausted Masha consent to marriage. This act shows that Alexei has no mercy and sympathy, he does not feel sorry for the girl, he thinks only about his own benefit and enrichment.

Shvabrin also did not seek to create a faithful and sincere friendship. His meanness and cowardice hurt people. In a duel with Pyotr Grinev, Alexei Shvabrin behaved low and dishonestly, he stabbed Pavel in the back when he was distracted. So, by his cowardly and dishonest act, Shvabrin won a victory over Peter. Alexey also often slandered Grinev, exposing his comrade in a bad light.

Even when the righteous trial of the robbers of Pugachev took place, Shvabrin did not admit his guilt, but only looked for an excuse to escape justice and shift his guilt onto others.

The image of the dishonest, envious and cowardly Shvabrin is very carefully conveyed by the author, thus A.S. Pushkin wanted to show what an officer of the Russian army should not be, and what lies, envy, meanness and cowardice can lead to.

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(1)

Shvabrin is given as the direct opposite of Grinev. He is more educated, perhaps even smarter than Grinev. But in him there is neither kindness, nor nobility, nor a sense of honor and duty. His transfer to the service of Pugachev was caused not by high ideological motives, but by low self-serving interests. The attitude of the author of the "notes" and the writer to him is quite clear, and he evokes a feeling of contempt and indignation in the reader. In the composition of the novel, Shvabrin plays an important and very traditional (see, for example, V. Scott's novels) the role of the hero's antagonist in love and in public life, without him the storyline of Grinev and Masha would have been difficult to build. In addition, the image of Shvabrin is a kind of censorship "barrier" for Grinev, as if separated from his image during the work on the novel (at first there was one hero). Under his "cover" it was easier to write about Grinev, who sometimes admired Pugachev.

Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin is not only a negative character, but also the opposite of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, the narrator on whose behalf the story is told in The Captain's Daughter. Grinev and Shvabrin are not the only heroes in the story that are somehow juxtaposed with each other: such "pairs" are formed by almost all the main characters in the work: Empress Catherine - the false emperor Pugachev, Masha Mironova - her mother Vasilisa Yegorovna - which allows us to speak about comparison as one of the most important compositional techniques used by the author in the story. It is interesting, however, that not all of the named heroes are absolutely opposed to each other. So, Masha Mironova, rather, is compared with her mother and reveals just as much devotion to her chosen one and courage in the fight for him as Captain Mironova, who was not afraid of villains and who died with her husband. The opposition of the "pair" Ekaterina - Pugachev is not as straightforward as it seems at first glance. These warring and warring characters have many close traits and similar actions. Both are capable of both cruelty and the manifestation of mercy and justice. In the name of Catherine, supporters of Pugachev (a mutilated Bashkir with a severed tongue) are brutally persecuted and subjected to brutal torture, and Pugachev commits atrocities and executions together with his comrades. On the other hand, both Pugachev and Ekaterina show mercy towards Grinev, saving him and Marya Ivanovna from trouble and ultimately making them happy. And only between Grinev and Shvabrin nothing is found except antagonism. It is already indicated in the names by which the author calls his heroes. Grinev bears the name of Peter, he is the namesake of the great emperor, to whom Pushkin, of course, had the most enthusiastic feelings. Shvabrin was given the name of the traitor to his father's business, Tsarevich Alexei. This, of course, does not mean at all that every character in Pushkin's work bearing one of these names should be correlated in the mind of the reader with the named historical figures. But in the context of the story, where the problem of honor and dishonor, loyalty and betrayal is so important, such a coincidence seems to be no coincidence. It is known how seriously Pushkin took the concept of family noble honor, to what is commonly called roots. It is no coincidence, of course, that is why it is described in such detail and in detail in the story about the childhood of Petrusha Grinev, about his family, in which the traditions of the age-old noble upbringing are sacredly preserved. And even though these "habits of dear old times" are not described without irony, it is obvious that the author's irony is full of warmth and understanding. And in the end, it was the thought of the impossibility of shaming the honor of the clan, the family that did not allow Grinev to commit betrayal in relation to his girlfriend, to violate the officer's oath. Shvabrin is a man without family, without a tribe. We do not know anything about his origin, about his parents. Nothing is said about his childhood, about his upbringing. It seems that he does not have that spiritual and moral baggage behind him. who supports Grinev. Apparently, no one gave Shvabrin a simple and wise instruction: "Take care of honor from a young age." Therefore, he easily neglects her to save his own life and just for personal well-being. At the same time, we note that Shvabrin is an inveterate duelist: it is known that he was transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for some "villainy", probably for a duel. He summons Grinev to a duel, moreover, in a situation where he is guilty all around: he insulted Maria Ivanovna, vilely slandering her in front of the loving Peter Andreevich. It is important that none of the honest heroes approves of duels in the story: not Captain Mironov, who reminded Grineva. that "fights are formally prohibited in the military article." neither Vasilisa Yegorovna, who regarded them as "murder" and "murder," nor Savelich. Grinev accepts the challenge, defending the honor of his girlfriend. Shvabrin, on the other hand, is due to the fact that he was justly called a liar and a scoundrel. The last time we see Shvabrin. when he, arrested for his connection with Pugachev, chained in chains, makes a last attempt to slander and destroy Grinev. He outwardly changed a lot: “his hair, recently black as pitch, had completely turned gray”, but his soul was still black: he uttered his accusations, albeit in a “weak, but courageous voice” - so great were his anger and hatred for the happiness of his opponent. Shvabrin will end his life as ingloriously as he lived: he was not loved by anyone and did not love anyone, who served no one and nothing, but only adjusted his whole life. He is like a tumbleweed, a plant without a root, a man without family, without a tribe, did not live, but rolled down until he fell into the abyss ...

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich

CAPTAIN'S DAUGHTER
Roman (1836)

»Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich - nobleman, antagonist of the main character of Grinev's story. Having conceived a novel (story) from the era of the Pugachev revolt, connected by genre tradition with the "Scottish novels" of W. Scott, where the hero finds himself between two camps, "rebels" and "conquerors", Pushkin at first hesitated who to put in the center of the narrative. Either, as it was in "Dubrovsky", a nobleman who went over to the side of the peasants (here the nobleman-Pugachev Shvanvich could become a prototype). Either the Pugachev prisoner who managed to escape. In the end, Pushkin, as it were, "divided" the historical hero in two, divided into two plot roles. One of them went to Grinev, the other to Sh.

Sh. Swarthy, ugly, lively; serves in the Belogorsk fortress for the fifth year; transferred here for “murder” (he stabbed the lieutenant in a duel). By itself, this biographical detail does not say anything; nor does Sh .'s contempt say anything (during the first meeting with Grinev, he describes the Belogorsk people very derisively). All these are typical features of the novel image of a young officer; for the time being, Sh. does not fall out of the traditional scheme; unusual for this type of literary hero is only his "intellectuality" (Sh. is undoubtedly more educated than Grinev; he was even acquainted with V. K. Tredyakovsky). When he speaks caustically about the rhymes of Grinev in love, this still corresponds to the stereotype and does not make the reader wary. Only when, with a "hellish grin", he offers Grinev to give it to his beloved, the daughter of the local commandant Marya Ivanovna, instead of a love song, earrings ("I know from experience her disposition and custom") - this suggests his spiritual dishonor. Soon it becomes known that Sh. Once wooed Marya Ivanovna and was refused (which means that his reviews of her as a perfect fool are revenge; a nobleman taking revenge on a woman is a scoundrel).

During a night duel, to which Grinev summons him, offended by the comment about Masha, Sh. Strikes with a sword at the moment when the enemy looks back at the unexpected call of the servant. Formally, this is a blow to the chest, but in essence - to the back of an opponent who is not going to run - a sneaky blow. Then the reader has the most serious reasons to suspect Sh of secretly informing Grinev's parents about the duel (thanks to which the father forbids his son to think about marriage with Marya Ivanovna). The complete loss of ideas about honor also predetermines Sh's social treason. As soon as the fortress gets to Pugachev, he goes over to the side of the rebels, becomes one of their commanders and by force tries to persuade Masha, who lives under the guise of a niece of a local priest, to an alliance. The culminating point of the Shvabrinsky plot line is the scene when an angry Pugachev appears in the fortress, having learned from Grinev that Sh. Is holding the girl: a nobleman is lying at the feet of a fugitive Cossack. Meanness turns into shame.

Sh. Ends up by pointing at Grinev as a traitor to Pugachev, having fallen into the hands of government troops; only the protagonist's innocence prevents one from guessing that Sh. is silent about Marya Ivanovna during interrogation only because he is afraid of her testimony in favor of Grinev, and not because he wants to save her from trouble. (Nothing prevented Sh. In a moment of personal danger from revealing her secret to Pugachev and putting under a mortal blow both the daughter of the hanged commandant and the victim who sheltered the noblewoman.)

It is not interesting to portray such a "motionless" hero (for all the importance of his figure, shading and balancing the image of Grinev). Therefore, Pushkin often resorts to the method of indirect narration: Sh. Himself remains outside the scope of the story, the reader learns about him from the conversations of other characters.

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