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On July 17, President Putin signed Decree No. 370 “On the creation of a mobilization human reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation”

The document is quite short, consisting of only four paragraphs, one of which, as indicated in the text, is “for official use.” That is, in other words, secret, not for public viewing.

Thus, Russia took another step towards creating a fully professional army. Currently, about 50% of its strength is already made up of soldiers serving under contract - 300 thousand privates and sergeants and 200 thousand officers. But this applies to a “cadre” army, deployed, ready to begin hostilities at any moment.

However, in addition to the available Armed Forces, any country also has a mobilization reserve - used, except for the period of planned training and retraining of personnel, for mobilization in the event of a threat of war, in order to increase the number of armed defenders.

Reserve service also exists in Russia - actually founded since the army reforms of Emperor Alexander II, in the second half of the 19th century. During the Soviet era, the order of its organization was changed slightly, which made it possible to quickly create a powerful army during the Great Patriotic War to defeat Nazi Germany. And in the first divisions that entered Afghanistan in 1979, there were also many “reserves”, or, as they are also called - due to their not very high level of discipline - “partisans”.

Nevertheless, the reserve army, for example, in the United States is approximately equal in size to the existing size of the Armed Forces. And it consists not of “green” newcomers who had never been familiar with military service before mobilization, but of veterans who had served, who for some reason did not want to continue their contract service.

If they wish, they sign another contract and become reservists. They attend regular military training, and can also be used by state governors as part of the “National Guard” - to combat riots or eliminate natural disasters; and the president - for use during full-fledged army operations. Thus, a good half of US troops in Iraq and Afghanistan are reservists.

The advantage of “reserve fighters” over traditional “partisans” of first Soviet and then Russian times is understandable. Starting with motivation. In the church environment there is such a wonderful saying: “A slave is not a pilgrim.” Sociological services show an invariably high percentage of Russians who are ready to defend their Motherland with arms in hand - but “civilians” are “civilians” because they think least of all about military affairs and everyday affairs. Some people would be happy to go to training camps, but they get in the way of being stuck at work, having to work hard to pay off a loan quickly, all sorts of family circumstances, etc.

In addition, in order to create a truly combat-ready unit, it is necessary that its fighters be well acquainted with each other (at least within squads and crews) and have joint experience working in a combat situation. At least within the framework of the exercises. Ordinary “assignees”, who appear in the troops once every few years, are not suitable for such a role.

A completely different matter is the personnel reserve.

67. A citizen who is in the reserve is subject to conscription for military training in accordance with Federal Law.

The total duration of military training, to which a citizen is involved during his stay in the reserve, cannot exceed 24 months.

That is, for private sergeants (the period of service in the reserves is up to 42 years) - this works out to be at least a month or two during each year. And this is a completely different matter in terms of the effectiveness of training and real combat readiness.

It is clear that in order for people, even very patriotically minded ones, to make such sacrifices, abandoning the usual comfort of a “citizen”, and be ready to report to their military units within 3 days without any “excuses”, they need to do this somehow compensate financially.

An employee called up for military training must be released from work and compensated for the duration of the training at the rate of average monthly earnings. But these expenses must be reimbursed to the employer from the federal budget.

How much will Russian reservists actually receive? An exact answer to this question will probably be difficult, based on the discrepancy in the assessments of experts and specialists from relevant departments. Thus, according to calculations made 4 years ago, the monthly salary of a reservist officer without allowances should have been about 14 thousand rubles per month, and that of a private – 8-10 thousand. Not that much, of course, but taking into account the “living wage” of 10 thousand rubles, you won’t die of hunger, even if you are completely without “civilian” work. Well, having it - even more so. So, after all, the service does not go on all the time - but, according to the student analogy, “in person and in absentia.”

Now the figures are somewhat more modest - 5-8 thousand rubles. When estimating the total costs of the “experiment”: in 2015 - 288.3 million rubles, and in 2016 - 324.9 million. And the sheer number of real “reservists” is still expected to be only a few thousand people.

In general, if we use only official information, then the process of transferring Russian “reserves” to a professional footing should not cause “beating the kettledrums”, but much less bravura assessments. Well, in fact, how long can you “pound water in a mortar” - talking about creating full-fledged “reserve armies”, but in the end having only an “experimental” desire to form 5 thousand “elite reservists”, which will not be enough to form even a full-fledged division ?!

And how long can you write Decrees and pass laws? The very first Decree on this very “experiment” was issued back in May 2012, then the corresponding Law followed, and now, it turns out, the latest Decree only “rewrote” an older document from three years ago? And this in a situation where Russia’s “best friends” from the West, led by the United States, are increasingly “rattling sabers” near our borders? Isn’t it time to stop with “experimentation” and move on to implementing the desired initiative on a really necessary scale?

But who knows, maybe such criticism will not be entirely justified? Some observers are already drawing attention to the fact that no specific figures, either on allocations for the creation of a mobilization reserve or on its specific size, are provided in the documents available for public viewing. And the “preliminary assessments” of even Duma politicians - well, they are politicians, not government financiers and Defense Ministry generals.

Foreign analysts have already begun to sound the alarm - unable to understand. According to their estimates, at least 25% of the defense “pie” in the Russian Federation comes from nowhere. That is, one can only guess about their exact origin and potential size of resources.

So, according to Duma experts, it’s probably not worth throwing ashes on your head in advance, comparing American figures for the maintenance of contract reservists (10% of the Pentagon budget) and the measly several hundred million rubles in Russia, according to Duma experts. After all, human resources are an even more important factor in the successful conduct of a potential war than military equipment. And who is surprised if data on the exact quantities of many types of weapons are kept top secret?

So let NATO continue to think that the Russian army will be able to field only 5 thousand well-trained reservists in a hypothetical “Hour”. It could be a very unpleasant surprise for them - when entire previously “secret” divisions and armies are discovered in this way, ready, by order of the command, to repel any aggressor.

If tomorrow there is war

The Ministry of Defense is working on a project to create several reserve armies, which are planned to be formed in our country in the near future, Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Defense Committee Franz Klintsevich told Izvestia today. Their personnel, working at their enterprises, will periodically participate in military training, and also receive a monthly supplement for their stay in the reserve army. Reservists will be ready at any time to come to their assembly point, receive weapons and take part in a predetermined formed unit.

Military personnel who have completed compulsory or contract service will be able to enroll in the reserve armies. They will be assigned places in the military unit. By undergoing training, reservists will be better prepared for exercises, training camps and real war.

The US experience is cited as an example of the use of an active reserve: a demobilized military man, immediately or shortly after leaving the army or air force, enters into a contract with the Pentagon for regular participation in military training and attends combat training classes once a week. This contingent makes up the National Guard, which is a branch of the armed forces. It can be used on a par with internal troops in emergency situations by order of the state governor. It is also used in foreign military operations at the discretion of the US President. Thus, according to experts, more than 300 thousand national guardsmen participated in Iraq and Afghanistan.

However, the State Deputy is perhaps too optimistic in his forecasts about the “armies of reservists.” Two years ago, the Ministry of Defense talked only about an experiment on the basis of the Western Military District; it was planned that the size of the “army of reservists” would probably be 8,600 people.

Two years later

An effective reserve is a decades-long dream of the Ministry of Defense of our country, because it is also an indicator of the combat readiness of any country.

There were reserves and military training in the USSR, and the further they went, the more they lost effectiveness. They might be called up for training camp once in their life, or they might not be called up at all. Drivers were at a premium - instead of collecting them, they were used on the agricultural harvesting front. The tank crews had a good time training. The remaining “partisans,” as the reservists were called, were usually an additional load for military units. The effectiveness of the domestic reserve was eventually reduced to zero.

There was active talk about a permanent contractual reserve several years ago. In 2008, the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation reported that “in the near future” a new system for training and accumulating “mobilized resources” on a contract basis will be tested. Monthly additional payments were then called at the level of 7 thousand rubles.

In 2012, the bill on the mobilization reserve was discussed from April to December and on New Year’s Day, December 30, the law was adopted. Thus, if the project of creating “reserve armies” is being discussed in the Ministry of Defense, this means that it is starting to implement the law adopted almost two years ago. In March 2013, the government approved the Regulations on the procedure for citizens of the Russian Federation to remain in the mobilization human reserve.

Reserve competition

The law divides reservists into two groups. Those who enter into a contract are a “mobilization human reserve.” The rest are “mobilization human resources.”

The procedure for joining the reserve is spelled out in detail: application to the military registration department, character reference, approval from the medical board, certification. Certification must be completed at the military unit where the candidate is sent to the reserve (the travel will be paid for by the Ministry of Defense). The decision to accept or refuse a candidate is made by the commission of the military unit after the qualification exam. They may refuse. According to the authors of the law and regulations, there may be competitions for reserve positions and titles. The contract is concluded by the unit commander, who is instructed to “comprehensively study the reservist.”

Contract duration. By law, a contract can be concluded for at least three years.

Age threshold : for soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen, warrant officers and midshipmen - up to 42 years old, for junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain, lieutenant commander - up to 47 years old, for major, captain 3rd rank, lieutenant colonel, captain 2nd rank - up to 52 years old. Colonels and captains of 1st rank can sign a contract up to 57 years of age.

Money: monthly salary, coefficient for highlands, north, etc., for a new contract - a one-time payment. For continuous stay in the reserve, starting from the second contract - bonuses from 10 to 50%.

The salary cannot be less than 10% of the salary for the military position for which the citizen is assigned to a military unit (assigned to a special formation), and the salary for the military rank.

At the training camp, a salary according to the military position provided for by the staff of the military unit must be paid, and a salary according to the military rank, travel allowances for delivery to the training site, and at work the average salary (scholarship) and, of course, the place of work (study) itself are maintained.

Privileges.You can undergo vocational training, retraining and advanced training at military educational institutions free of charge, but under conditions determined by the Ministry of Defense.

Perhaps in the new version the Russian reserve will acquire a new quality. The material interest of active reservists, the system of maintaining and improving their qualifications can at least partially fulfill the long-standing dream of the Ministry of Defense. In part, because the system of training and conscription for training does not seem to ensure the massiveness of the “reserve armies” that the State Duma deputy announced.

Are you by any chance a reservist?

Surely this project will encounter hidden resistance from employers and complicate their relationships with employees. It is no coincidence that some experts propose recruiting reservists primarily from military-industrial complex enterprises working in close contact with the Ministry of Defense.

Perhaps the weakest point of the mobile reserve system is the vagueness of the periods of absence of reservists from the main workplace. In October 2013, the government added “Training sessions” to the Regulations on training camps, which should take place “in accordance with the requirements of combat training programs.” When and how often training will take place is an open question.

Nowadays, a potential civilian boss can easily ask a woman applying for a vacant position whether she is going on maternity leave in the foreseeable future; if so, then goodbye. Such discrimination is prosecuted by law, but it is not advertised; there is a reason to refuse a place. Now the bosses will ask the men whether he is a paid reservist with a guarantee of regular military training and training.

The maximum period of stay of a qualified contract reservist is limited only by his age and can exceed more than 20 years.

When discussing the law, the Ministry of Defense noted that training camps would be held every year for two weeks (so that reservists would not be taken away from work for a long time) plus training. However, in the provision on mobile reserves, the total duration of military training to which a person can be involved during the entire period of stay in the reserve, the training limit is formulated differently: it cannot exceed 24 months.

The employer believes: if we take into account 20 years or more of experience of a contract worker, then an average of two months a year will work out (with the same salary and length of service) plus training (with the same salary and length of service). If legislators had specified an annual limit rather than 24 months of fees for a reservist’s entire career, there would have been more stability. By the way, the first people who wanted to get into this type of service learned that in three years the period of “separation from production” would not exceed 120 days. The statements of the Ministry of Defense, of course, are worth a lot, but the law is the law.

The experiment is coming to an end

For comparison, the training system for reservists of the US National Guard is clear and understandable: 48 four-hour classes throughout the year at training centers, that is, almost every weekend - military training plus three-week training camps, command post and military exercises conducted jointly with regular army troops.

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation does not have a network of training centers, therefore, by law, the commanders of military units must deal with reservists. The first experimental unit was created in Khakassia. It was also announced that the experiment would be carried out on the basis of one of the military formations in Siberia.

The time is approaching to announce the results of the experiment involving contract reservists. It is possible that new amendments will appear in the law and regulations on the mobilization reserve.

Help LN.The mobilization reserve is devoted, in particular, to the “Regulations on the procedure for the stay of citizens of the Russian Federation in the mobilization human reserve”, the government decree on training sessions for contract reservists “On amendments to the Regulations on military training” and the basic document - Federal Law No. 288 of 30 December 2012. This law amends the laws “On Defense”, “On Mobilization Preparation and Mobilization in the Russian Federation”, “On Military Duty and Military Service”, “On the Status of Military Personnel”.

The formation of a professional mobilization reserve is beginning in Russia. “Partisans” who signed a contract with the Ministry of Defense will receive wages and a number of compensations, but will be required to attend special classes monthly and undergo military training annually. If necessary, existing units will be supplemented with reservists, as well as new ones will be formed. The creation of a full-fledged professional mobilization reserve will have a positive impact on strengthening the state’s defense capability, military experts believe.

The Russian Ministry of Defense told journalists from the Izvestia newspaper that from 2018 the mobilization reserve system in our country will begin to operate in full. The regulations necessary for this were adopted earlier. Thus, the Ministry of Defense has already conducted an experiment on the formation of an organized mobilization reserve in certain regions of Russia. The experiment lasted almost two years, its results are assessed as successful.

The decree “On the creation of a mobilization human reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” was signed by the President of Russia on July 17, 2015. The first paragraph of this decree precisely prescribed the creation of a mobilization human reserve of the RF Armed Forces for the period of the experiment on the introduction of a new system for training and accumulating mobilization human resources. The very mechanism for attracting citizens to new structures and the terms of contracts concluded with them are spelled out in the law “On Military Duty and Military Service”; it states that soldiers and reserve officers who have passed a medical examination can become reservists.

It is worth noting that the mobilization reserve exists in the armies of many countries around the world; this is a very common practice. For example, in the United States the number of reservists is almost equal to the number of regular armed forces. Reserve components include the reserves of all five branches of the armed forces, as well as the U.S. Army and Air National Guard. At the same time, the US National Guard itself, whose military personnel combine combat training with work in their main specialty, is an organized reserve. There is also an unorganized (individual) reserve, which consists of persons with sufficient military earnings, that is, those who have recently completed military service and do not need to undergo additional training.

In general, it can be noted that the formation of a mobilization reserve of people signing a contract with the Russian Ministry of Defense is another step towards the formation of a modern professional army in the country. In the Russian army, the number of contract soldiers already exceeds the number of conscripts. On November 7, 2017, Chief of the General Staff Army General Valery Gerasimov said that the number of contract soldiers in the troops over the past 5 years has doubled and amounted to 384 thousand people.

According to plans, by the end of 2018, 425 thousand contract soldiers, 220 thousand officers and 50 thousand warrant officers and midshipmen should serve in the Russian army. Thus, the share of professional military personnel will reach 70%.

Currently, military registration and enlistment offices are responsible for the formation of the mobilization reserve. Not all of them have started the corresponding work yet. At the same time, in some, for example, in the Rostov region, recruitment of reservists is already underway. At the Novoshakhtinsk military registration and enlistment office in the Rostov region, reserve servicemen can already sign a contract to serve in the reserves. As the Izvestia newspaper notes with reference to the Novoshakhtinsk military registration and enlistment office, for this, citizens need to come to the military registration and enlistment office with a military ID and passport.

After signing the contract, the reserve serviceman will be required to undergo special training for 2-3 days every month and annual training lasting from 20 to 30 days. It will be possible to call up a person from the mobilization reserve for service at any time: in the event of major exercises, the announcement of a special or threatened period, emergency situations, or simply in the event of an acute shortage of military specialists in units.

Previously, an experiment to form a new mobilization reserve took place in some regions of Russia. The Northern Fleet also took part in the experiment and actively collaborated with the military registration and enlistment offices of the Murmansk region. The purpose of the experiment, which started in the Northern Fleet in August 2015, was to improve the existing system of training and accumulation of mobilization human resources.

In an interview with the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, the head of the organizational and mobilization department (OMD) of the Northern Fleet headquarters, captain 1st rank Vladimir Kondratov, said that the first contract for the mobilization reserve on a voluntary basis is signed for 3 years, subsequent contracts for up to 5 years years . At the same time, there are age restrictions for reservists; they exist for each category of citizens in the reserve. For example, soldiers, sailors, sergeants, midshipmen and warrant officers can conclude the first contract to be in the mobilization reserve at the age of up to 42 years, junior officers - up to 47 years, senior officers - up to 57 years.

The main difference of the new approach to the formation of a mobilization reserve is that when mobilization is announced, the reservist himself must arrive at the military unit, bypassing the military registration and enlistment offices, and begin to perform his duties for his position in accordance with the official category. In addition, once a year the reservist is sent to military training for up to 30 days, and every month for one to three days, various training sessions are conducted with him according to the plans of the military units and formations to which the reservist is assigned in accordance with the contract. At the same time, the total duration of the training camp is taken into account, which cannot exceed 54 days during a year of stay in the mobilization reserve.

The new system of organized mobilization reserve will make it possible to train and then maintain highly qualified personnel in combat readiness, ensuring the rapid transfer of personnel to different theaters of military operations, where there will be a need to deploy new formations, but there is not enough local mobilization resource. According to military expert Viktor Murakhovsky, the new system for attracting personnel will increase the defense capability of the Far East. Parts of this region have the equipment, but there is a shortage of personnel.

Money issue

According to Izvestia, soldiers and officers entering the mobilization reserve will receive a one-time payment upon concluding a contract: for a three-year period - in the amount of salary, for 5 or more years - 1.5 times more. The salary of a professional reservist will consist of his official salary, regional coefficient and payments for rank.

For example, a platoon commander with the rank of senior lieutenant in the central part of the Russian Federation will receive 27.5 thousand rubles. Squad commander with the rank of sergeant in the Kemerovo region (there is a regional allowance: “northern” - 30 percent) - 25.3 thousand rubles. True, this amount of money will be paid in full only during military training. For the rest of the period, that is, 11 months of the year, contract reservists will be paid only 12 percent of their salary. In this case, a senior lieutenant from the Central part of Russia will receive 3.3 thousand rubles per month, a sergeant in the Kemerovo region - 3.036 thousand rubles.

This payment procedure is provided for by the decree of the government of the Russian Federation “On establishing the monthly salary for citizens of the Russian Federation who are in the mobilization manpower reserve, with the exception of the period of military training” dated December 23, 2015. During the training camp, the state guarantees the reservist the preservation of the average salary or stipend. In addition, it will cover all costs of renting housing, travel to training camps and returning home, and business trips.

Separately, bonuses are provided for length of service. For example, 3 years after being included in the mobilization reserve, reservists will be able to receive an additional 10 percent of their salary. Over the years, this payment will increase, the maximum increase of 50 percent will be available after 20 years of continuous presence in the mobilization reserve.

How will it work

An important difference, which was already mentioned above, will be that the reservist will be assigned to a specific military unit or to the Center for Mobilization Deployment Support, where he will undergo training. This is one of the main advantages of the personnel reserve. It is impossible to create truly combat-ready and trained units, when the fighters are well acquainted with each other (at least at the level of squads and crews) and have real experience of interaction within the framework of studies and military training, at the expense of ordinary reservists who appear in the army at best once during many years of being in reserve.

Military expert Vladislav Shurygin, commenting on the formation of a mobilization reserve to Izvestia journalists, noted that there are such concepts as current and temporary shortages (TNKs and VNKs). For example, a serviceman has been transferred to a new duty station, but no one has yet been appointed to take his place. This is a temporary shortage. And if a serviceman gets sick and can no longer perform his direct duties, this is a current shortage. Thus, TNCs and VNCs can significantly influence the combat effectiveness of military units.

For example, a battalion may be missing not only several driver drivers and machine gunners, but also a company commander. Their absence will significantly affect the ability of this battalion to solve combat missions. There are also positions that are introduced only in case of war, for example, assistant machine gunner. In peacetime, such positions are not needed, but in combat conditions they are necessary. Contract reservists who have entered into a contract and are assigned to a specific military unit will be able to replace TNKs and VNKs; their other task will be to make up for losses in wartime.

Separately, experts highlight the fate of military equipment storage and repair bases (S&RVT), which will be disbanded. Until recently, the Ground Forces alone had more than 40 such bases (14 motorized rifle bases). Currently, Russia is already undergoing a reorganization of motorized rifle combat and combat vehicles. About a third of them are closed. Mainly, they used to only store equipment, while the staffing of such bases did not allow maintaining the stored equipment in proper technical condition. Now, the TsOMRs created on their basis will store military equipment and train reservists. If necessary, such centers will be transformed into full-fledged formations and military units.

It is known that a new modern infrastructure will be built for the CMMRs. So, back in 2016, the Russian Ministry of Defense signed a contract for the design of a new chemical and mechanical equipment located on Sakhalin. This project can be called an illustration of what the Mobilization Deployment Support Center will look like. The military camp planned for construction near the village of Dachnoye will be equipped with barracks to accommodate 521 soldiers and sergeants, a headquarters and training building, a parking area of ​​700 thousand square meters, a heated storage facility for 1.2 thousand parking spaces, as well as warehouses for missiles and artillery weapons and property. Special areas for storing and repairing equipment will also be built. This infrastructure will make it possible, in the event of a training camp, to receive an entire battalion of reservists without any problems, conduct with them the necessary exercises and perform scheduled maintenance of military equipment.

Government of the Russian Federation decides:

1. Approve the attached Regulations on the procedure for the stay of citizens of the Russian Federation in the mobilization human reserve.

2. Financial support for expenditure obligations associated with the stay of citizens of the Russian Federation in the mobilization human reserve shall be carried out at the expense of budgetary allocations provided for by the federal budget to the relevant federal executive authorities.

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation D. Medvedev

Regulations on the procedure for the stay of citizens of the Russian Federation in the mobilization human reserve

I. General provisions

1. These Regulations determine the procedure for the entry of citizens of the Russian Federation who are in the reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the reserve of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, the reserve of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - citizens), into the mobilization human reserve (hereinafter - the reserve) in peacetime , stay in the reserve, exclusion from the reserve, as well as concluding a contract to stay in the reserve (hereinafter referred to as the contract) and termination of its validity.

2. The stay of citizens in the reserve involves assignment to a military position, assignment of a military rank, certification and qualification exam, as well as participation in operational, mobilization and combat training activities during military training.

3. Citizens are admitted to the reserve by concluding a contract.

II. The procedure for concluding a contract and terminating it

4. The contract is concluded between a citizen and, on behalf of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation or another federal executive body in which military service is provided for by federal law, represented by the commander (chief) of a military unit (hereinafter referred to as the corresponding official) in the form according to the appendix.

The head of the federal executive body, in which military service is provided for by federal law, may indicate in the contract additional responsibilities of citizens who have concluded a contract in the prescribed manner (hereinafter referred to as reservists), provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

5. The contract comes into force from the day it is signed by the relevant official. A corresponding order is issued regarding the conclusion of the contract.

6. The length of a citizen’s stay in the reserve is established by a contract in accordance with the Federal Law “On Military Duty and Military Service” (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law) and expires in the corresponding month and day of the last year of the contract term.

If the expiration of the period of stay in the reserve falls on a month in which the corresponding date is missing, the specified period expires on the last day of this month.

7. The contract is drawn up in 2 copies, each of which is signed by the persons who concluded it. The signature of the relevant official who signed the contract is sealed with the official seal of the military unit.

The first copy of the contract after it comes into force is attached to the reservist’s personal file, which is stored in the military unit, the second copy is issued to the reservist.

Notification of the conclusion of a contract is sent to the department for municipal education of the military commissariat of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the department (municipal), to the body that carries out military registration in the federal security service, to the corresponding structural unit of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, where the reservist is a member of the military accounting

8. An entry on the termination of the contract, indicating the date and reason for its termination, is made in the first copy of the contract, located in the personal file of the reservist, by the relevant official, sealed with his signature and official seal.

A notice of termination of the contract is sent to the department (municipal), to the body that carries out military registration in the federal security service, to the corresponding structural unit of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, where the reservist is registered with the military.

9. A citizen who has expressed a desire to conclude a contract submits an application to the department (municipal) or to the body that carries out military registration in the federal security service, to the relevant structural unit of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, where he is registered with the military, or to a military unit .

10. The application shall indicate:

a) last name, first name and patronymic of the citizen, date, month and year of his birth;

b) registration at the place of residence (stay);

c) military specialty and military position;

d) the name of the federal executive body with which the citizen intends to conclude a contract.

11. Along with the application, the citizen presents a document proving his identity and citizenship of the Russian Federation, as well as:

a) military ID (military ID of a reserve officer);

b) a questionnaire filled out in the prescribed form;

c) autobiography, handwritten in free form;

d) copies of the work record book, documents confirming professional or other education, certified in the prescribed manner;

e) a service reference from the last place of work (study), if the citizen is temporarily not working - from the local government body at his place of residence (place of stay);

f) duly certified copies of the marriage certificate and birth certificate of children.

12. The list and form of additional documents submitted by a citizen who has expressed a desire to conclude a contract may be established by the heads of federal executive bodies in which military service is provided for by federal law.

13. The department (municipal), the body that carries out military registration in the federal security service, the corresponding structural unit of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation accepts received applications from citizens for consideration.

A citizen whose application is accepted for consideration is a candidate entering the reserve (hereinafter referred to as the candidate).

The department (municipal) draws up a personal file for the candidate in the manner determined for military commissariats by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

14. The head of the (municipal) department reviews the accepted application within a month and makes a decision to conduct a medical examination of the candidate and consider his candidacy by the (municipal) department commission for selecting citizens entering the reserve (hereinafter referred to as the candidate selection commission).

15. The head of the department (municipal) is assigned the following responsibilities:

a) organizing the preparation of documents and preparing requests to government authorities in order to conduct the necessary inspections;

b) organizing interaction with the heads of organizations (enterprises) on the selection and admission of citizens to the reserve (if necessary);

c) organizing the work of the commission for selecting candidates and approving its decisions;

d) organizing the sending of citizens to military units to conclude contracts.

16. The candidate (if necessary) undergoes the procedure for obtaining access to information constituting a state secret in accordance with the established procedure.

17. Determining the compliance of candidates selected by departments (municipal) with the requirements established by the Federal Law for those entering the reserve is entrusted to the candidate selection commission appointed by order of the head of the department (municipal).

The committee for selecting candidates includes officials of the department (municipal), including a general practitioner of the department (municipal).

The head of the department (municipal) is appointed as the chairman of the commission for selecting candidates by order of the military commissar of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Representatives of the military units for which the selection is being carried out may take part in the work of the candidate selection commissions.

18. The candidate is recognized by the candidate selection commission as meeting or not meeting the requirements established by the Federal Law for those entering the reserve.

A copy of the decision of the candidate selection commission must be given to the citizen at his request within 3 days from the date of the decision.

19. A candidate recognized by the candidate selection commission as meeting the requirements established by the Federal Law for those entering the reserve receives a corresponding order from the head of the (municipal) department and is sent to a military unit to conclude a contract.

20. A candidate sent to a military unit to conclude a contract is provided with military transportation documents to the destination and back.

Military transportation documents for going to a military unit for the purpose of concluding a contract are provided to the candidate in the department (municipal) at the place of residence (stay), in the federal security service agency, in the relevant structural unit of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation once during his stay in the reserve.

21. A citizen who has applied for admission to the reserve directly to a military unit, after consideration of his candidacy, is sent for selection and paperwork to the department (municipal), where he is registered with the military. A request is submitted to the citizen addressed to the head of the department (municipal), which is signed by the appropriate official.

The selection of citizens for admission to the reserve from among the citizens who are in the reserve of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation is carried out by the specified federal executive authorities.

22. In connection with the entry of citizens into the reserve, the relevant official is assigned the following responsibilities:

a) conclusion of contracts taking into account the decision of the candidate selection committee;

b) organizing the work of the certification commission of the military unit (hereinafter referred to as the certification commission) to determine the compliance of candidates with the requirements established by the Federal Law for those entering the reserve.

23. The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation organizes interaction with federal executive authorities, in which military service is provided for by federal law, on issues of selection and admission of citizens to the reserve.

III. Procedure for reservist certification and qualification exam

24. For the purpose of a comprehensive and objective assessment of the reservist, determining his purpose, suitability for the military position held and the prospects for further stay in the reserve, certification is carried out.

25. The main objectives of reservist certification are:

a) determining the suitability of the reservist for the military position held and the prospects for his further stay in the reserve;

b) selecting a reservist for appointment to a military position and determining the feasibility of concluding a new contract;

c) nominating a reservist for departmental and state awards of the Russian Federation;

d) consideration of the grounds for submitting a reservist for early exclusion from the reserve.

26. The reservist is certified 3 months before the expiration of his term in the reserve.

27. A certification sheet is drawn up for the reservist being certified by the relevant official.

28. The reservist must be familiar with the content of the certification, which is indicated on the approved certification sheet.

29. The relevant official is responsible for the objectivity of the certification and the validity of the conclusions and recommendations stated in it.

30. Carrying out certification, as well as resolving other issues regarding the stay of citizens in the reserve in military units (having reserve personnel) are entrusted to certification commissions.

If necessary, the head of the federal executive body in which the reserve is provided has the right to create certification commissions in the military command and control bodies.

31. The certification commission issues conclusions in writing on all issues under consideration.

If necessary, those being certified, commanders (chiefs) of units subordinate to those being certified, and other officials may be invited to meetings of the certification commission.

32. The specifics of organizing and conducting certification are determined by the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided for by federal law.

33. To resolve the issue of assigning a class qualification to a reservist in the relevant specialty, a qualification exam is held.

34. The qualification exam is carried out in the prescribed form in order to assess the professional knowledge and skills of the reservist.

The reservist takes a qualifying exam as needed, but at least once every 3 years.

35. Qualification requirements for the professional knowledge and skills of reservists, the procedure for passing a qualification exam for reservists and assessing professional knowledge and skills, assignment, change and deprivation of class qualifications are determined by the head of the federal executive body in which federal law provides for military service.

IV. Procedure for exclusion from the reserve

36. A citizen subject to exclusion from the reserve must be excluded from the lists of reserve personnel of a military unit on the day of expiration of his contract, except for the cases provided for in Article 57 of the Federal Law.

37. Exclusion from the reserve on the basis provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 57 of the Federal Law is carried out in accordance with the conclusion of the certification commission.

The procedure for submitting a reservist for exclusion from the reserve and preparing the relevant documents is determined by the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided for by federal law.

38. Stay in the reserve ends on the day the reservist is removed from the lists of personnel of the reserve military unit.

A corresponding order is issued regarding the exclusion of a reservist from the reserve of a military unit.

V. The procedure for reservists to perform special and official duties

39. The performance of official duties of a reservist is carried out in accordance with federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as official regulations.

40. The reservist is obliged to report to the military unit within the period specified in the mobilization order, summons and (or) order of the military commissariat to perform duties in the relevant military position.

41. Reservists are involved in activities for operational, mobilization and combat training during military training according to plans for the training of formations and military units to which they are assigned in accordance with the contract.

The frequency and duration of involving reservists in these activities are established in accordance with the requirements of combat training programs developed by federal executive authorities, in which military service is provided for by federal law.

42. A reservist is subject to conscription for military training in accordance with Federal Law.

The total duration of military training in which a reservist is involved cannot exceed 24 months.

43. The reservist’s job regulations indicate:

a) qualification requirements for the level of professional education, length of service in the reserve, professional knowledge and skills, state of health necessary to perform official duties;

b) official duties, rights and responsibilities of the reservist for failure to perform (improper performance) of official duties.

44. The results of the reservist’s fulfillment of the job regulations are taken into account when including him in the personnel reserve, during certification, qualification exams, planning professional work activities, as well as when applying incentive measures to him.

45. The procedure for developing and approving job regulations is established by the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided for by federal law.

The Russian army has begun the full-scale formation of a mobilization reserve. Soldiers and reserve officers who have entered into a contract with the Ministry of Defense will be required to attend special classes every month and undergo military training annually. In return, the state guarantees them monthly payments and a number of compensations. If a special period is declared, existing units will be supplemented with reservists, and they will also be used to form new ones. Military experts believe that the reform will strengthen the country's defense capability.

The Ministry of Defense told Izvestia that starting this year, the mobilization reserve system begins to operate in full throughout Russia. The necessary regulations to begin the reform have already been adopted. Previously, the department conducted an experiment in certain regions. It lasted almost two years. Its results are considered successful.

In 2015, the President of Russia signed a decree “On the creation of a mobilization human reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.” The mechanism for attracting Russians to new structures and the terms of contracts concluded with them are described in the law “On Military Duty and Military Service.” It states that soldiers and reserve officers who have passed a medical examination can become reservists.

Military registration and enlistment offices are responsible for the formation of the reserve. Not all of them have started the corresponding work yet. However, for example, recruitment is already underway in the Rostov region - at the military registration and enlistment office of the city of Novoshakhtinsk, a reserve soldier can sign a contract to serve in the reserve.

“To do this, you need to come to the military registration and enlistment office with your passport and military ID,” Izvestia was told at the Novoshakhtinsk military registration and enlistment office. — A reserve soldier must study 2-3 days a month and undergo annual training lasting from 20 to 30 days.

Such a person can be called up for service at any time: when a special or threatened period is declared, in the event of major exercises, emergencies, or simply an acute shortage of military specialists in units.

“The issue of creating an organized mobilization reserve has been raised for a long time,” military expert Viktor Murakhovsky told Izvestia. “The new system will make it possible to train and maintain highly qualified personnel in combat readiness, to ensure the rapid transfer of personnel to theaters of military operations where it is necessary to deploy new formations, but there is a lack of local military resources.

In particular, according to him, the new system for attracting personnel will increase the defense capability of the Far East. Parts of this region have the technology, but there is a shortage of manpower.

Salary and money for staying

Soldiers and reserve officers entering the reserve sign a contract for three, five or more years. When concluding a new agreement, the Russian receives a one-time payment: for a three-year period - in the amount of the salary, for five or more years - one and a half times more.

The salary of a reservist will consist of the official salary, payments for rank and a regional coefficient. For example, a platoon commander with the rank of senior lieutenant in the central part of Russia will be awarded 27.5 thousand rubles. The commander of a squad with the rank of sergeant in the Kemerovo region (regional bonus - 30%) - 25.3 thousand.

True, this money is paid in full only during training camps. For the rest of the period, 11 months of the year, reservists will be paid 12% of their salary. A senior lieutenant from Central Russia will receive 3.3 thousand rubles per month, a sergeant from the Kemerovo region - 3.036 thousand rubles.

This payment procedure is provided for by the decree of the Russian government “On establishing the monthly salary for citizens of the Russian Federation who are in the mobilization manpower reserve, with the exception of the period of military training” dated December 23, 2015.

During the training camp, the state guarantees the reservist the preservation of his average salary or stipend. It will also cover the costs of renting housing, travel expenses, travel to training camps and returning home.

There are also bonuses for length of service. For example, three years after enlistment, reservists will be able to receive an additional 10% of their salary. Payments will increase over the years. The maximum bonus - 50% - will be accrued after 20 years of continuous service in the reserve.

How it works

The reservist will be assigned to a specific military unit or the Mobilization Deployment Support Center (CDMC), where he will undergo training.

“There are such concepts as current and temporary shortages (TNKs and VNKs),” military expert Vladislav Shurygin told Izvestia. “For example, a serviceman was transferred to another duty station, but no one has yet been appointed in his place. This is a temporary shortage. If a person gets sick and can no longer perform his duties, this is a current shortage. TNK and VNK seriously influence the combat effectiveness of a military unit. For example, a battalion may be missing a company commander, several machine gunners and driver mechanics. Their absence seriously affects the battalion's ability to carry out its combat mission. There are also positions that are introduced only in case of war. For example, an assistant machine gunner or a mortar loader. In peacetime they are not needed, but in battle they become critically important.

TNK and VNK will be replaced by mobile reservists who have entered into a contract with a military unit. Their other task will be to make up for losses in wartime.

Storage databases are a thing of the past

Bases for storing and repairing military equipment (S&RVT), where tanks, armored personnel carriers and other equipment intended for manning units in the event of mobilization have been parked for years will be disbanded. Until recently, the Ground Forces had more than 40 such bases (14 of them were motorized rifle bases).

“Currently, the mobilization reserve of personnel is assigned to the BC&RVT,” Viktor Murakhovsky told Izvestia. — Reserve soldiers and officers must report to base if a special period is declared. This system has its drawbacks. For example, there are questions regarding the recruitment and coordination of units; it is difficult to find air defense specialists, engineering and tank troops.

In addition, currently there are no more than 10 people on the staffing list of the BChRVT. Such a number of personnel did not allow maintaining the equipment in proper condition.

The reorganization of motorized infantry combat and military equipment has already begun. About a third of them are closed. For example, in the Novosibirsk region the 103rd BKhiRVT ceased to operate. Officers of the units serving at the Shilovsky training ground told Izvestia about this - the base was previously located there.

Military unit 30654 (aka the 104th BKhiRVT from the city of Biysk, Altai Territory) and military unit 92910 (245th BKhiRVT from Lesozavodsk, Primorsky Territory) are listed as “inactive” in the SPARK-Interfax database. This means that the units ceased to exist as legal entities and their bank accounts were closed.

New centers for reservists

The TsOMRs created on the basis of the BHIRVT will both store equipment and train reservists. If necessary, the centers will be transformed into “full-blooded” military units and formations. A new modern infrastructure will be built for the CSMRs.

In 2016, the Ministry of Defense signed a contract for the design of a new chemical and mechanical equipment on Sakhalin. The project illustrates what a Mobilization Deployment Support Center might look like.

It is planned to build a military camp in the village of Dachnoe. There will be a parking area with an area of ​​700 thousand square meters. m, barracks to accommodate 521 soldiers and sergeants, headquarters and training buildings, warehouses for property and missile and artillery weapons, heated storage facilities for 1.2 thousand parking spaces. Equipment storage and repair areas will be equipped.

Such infrastructure will allow, in the event of training, to place a battalion of reservists on the base, conduct exercises and scheduled maintenance of equipment using their forces.

In foreign countries there are analogues of the system being created in Russia. Thus, in the United States, in the event of a possible threat, the army will draw personnel from units of the National Guard and the Army Reserve. In Switzerland, the organized reserve makes up the majority of the armed forces - these people are ready to arrive at the military unit at the first request.