The story is a memoir, "family notes", the narration in which is conducted on behalf of a witness and participant in those events, Petrusha Grinev.

Grinev is a young man, a nobleman, an officer of the Catherine's army. He is honest, noble, straightforward.

This noble undergrowth enters the road of life as an inexperienced youngster, but life's trials make him a personality, consolidating what he learned from his parental home: loyalty to duty, honor, kindness and nobility.

Petr Andreevich Grinev is the son of a Simbirsk landowner, who has been living on his estate for many years, and a noblewoman. He was brought up in an atmosphere of provincial-local life, imbued with the spirit of the common people. The best features of Grinev are due to his origin and upbringing, his unmistakable moral instinct is clearly manifested in moments of trials, and helps him to get out of the most difficult situations with honor. The hero has the nobility to ask for forgiveness from the serf - the devoted uncle Savelich, Grinev immediately managed to appreciate the purity of the soul and the moral integrity of Masha Mironova, he quickly figured out the base nature of Shvabrin.

In a fit of gratitude, Grinev without hesitation gives a hare sheepskin coat to an oncoming “counselor”, and most importantly, he knows how to discern in the formidable rebel Pugachev an outstanding personality in which the features of the Russian national character are embodied: breadth of soul, intelligence, resourcefulness, prowess, sharpness, dexterity and even humanism.

Without betraying either the oath or the interests of the nobles, Grinev at the same time cannot but sympathize with Pugachev, cannot but respect him as a talented person. Their peculiar friendship became possible only due to the fact that the worldview of both heroes is based on popular ideas about goodness and justice.

The love line in many ways helps to reveal the images of the main characters and is associated with the reception of antithesis. Grinev and Shvabrin are both in love with Masha Mironova.

Shvabrin ended up in the Belogorsk fortress for murder. He is unprincipled, in order to achieve his goal, he is capable of anything.

Shvabrin wooed Masha, but was refused. They are driven by base feelings. He turns to violence as a means to achieve his goals in an attempt to force Masha to marry him. This shows the true nature of Shvabrin - insignificant, cowardly, vile.

Not wanting someone to defame Masha's good name with impunity, Grinev challenges the offender to a duel. He acted like a real man.

The duel almost ended with the death of Grinev due to the meanness of Shvabrin. Having recovered, Grinev learned that Shvabrin had written a denunciation against him. This aroused in the young man hatred for his enemy.

At the same time, an uprising began in the province. The rebels under the command of Pugachev easily took the fortress. The commandant, his wife and officers were killed. Shvabrin, having changed his oath, went over to the side of the rebels.

Grinev would never become a traitor. He preferred to die, but the faithful Savelich saved his master.

Pugachev turned out to be the man to whom Grinev gave a rabbit sheepskin coat. The goodness paid off.

Grinev did not swear allegiance to Pugachev: "I swore allegiance to the Empress, I can't swear to you."

Grinev's act gives us an example of honest and dignified behavior. Despite the danger, he does not hide his beliefs and is not afraid of anything. An example of true nobility is Pugachev's rescue of Masha Mironova from the hated Shvabrin. These actions of Pugachev testify to his extraordinary nature. He knew how to spare not only friends, but also enemies. Pugachev becomes the patron of the tender love of Masha Mironova and Grinev.

Grinev acts in the story as a model of decency and nobility. He was not afraid to sacrifice his life to save Masha from the hands of Shvabrin. And how he behaves in court, when, at the risk of being sentenced to life imprisonment, Pyotr Andreevich tries not to tarnish Masha's honor.

As an epigraph to The Captain's Daughter, Pushkin chose the proverb "Take care of your honor from a young age", and the hero's behavior fully corresponded to it. How can one not recall the current state of the Russian army! But the Russian officer, in spite of everything, must be honest, noble and devoted to the Motherland.

The image of Grinev in the Captain's daughter (2nd option)

Narration in "The Captain's Daughter" by Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, who talks about his youth, plunged into the cycle of historical events. Grinev appears in the novel, therefore, both as a narrator and as one of the main characters of the events described.

Petr Andreevich Grinev is a typical representative of the provincial Russian nobility of the second half of the 18th century. He was born and raised on the estate of his father, a landowner in the Simbirsk province. His childhood passed as it did for most of the poor provincial nobles of that time. From the age of five, he was given into the hands of a serf uncle Savelich. Having overcome the letter in the twelfth year under the guidance of his uncle, Grinev comes under the supervision of Monsieur Beaupre, a French tutor, discharged from Moscow "along with a year's supply of wine and Provence oil" and who turned out to be a bitter drunkard.

Describing his student years with good-natured humor, Grinev says: "I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with yard boys." It would be a mistake, however, to think that we have before us a minor like Mitrofanushka from Fonvizin's comedy. Grinev grew up as an intelligent and inquisitive teenager and subsequently, having entered the service, writes poetry, reads French books and tries his hand even in translations.

A decisive influence on Grinev's spiritual warehouse had a healthy atmosphere of family life, simple and modest. Grinev's father, a retired prime minister who had gone through a harsh school of life, was a man of firm and honest views. Seeing off his son to the army, he gives such instructions: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; do not ask for service, do not refuse service; do not chase after the caress of the boss; take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age. Grinev inherited a sense of honor and a sense of duty from his father.
The first life steps of young Grinev reveal his youthful frivolity and inexperience. But the young man proved with his life that he had learned the basic rule of his father's morality: "take care of honor from a young age." For two years, Grinev experiences many events: acquaintance with Pugachev, love for Marya Ivanovna, duel with Shvabrin, illness; he almost dies when the fortress is taken by the troops of Pugachev, etc. Before our eyes, the character of the young man develops and grows stronger, and Grinev turns into a mature young man. A sense of honor and courage save him in life's adversity. With intrepid courage, he looks into the eyes of death when Pugachev orders him to be hanged. All the positive aspects of his character are revealed: simplicity and not depravity of nature, kindness, honesty, fidelity in love, etc. These properties of nature captivate Marya Ivanovna and arouse sympathy from Pugachev. Grinev comes out of life's trials with honor.

Grinev is not a hero in the usual sense of the word. This is an ordinary person, an average nobleman. This is a typical representative of those army officers who, in the words of the historian V. O. Klyuchevsky, “made our military history of the 18th century.” Pushkin does not idealize him, does not put him in beautiful poses. Grinev remains a modest ordinary person, retaining all the features of a realistic image.

The image of Grinev in the Captain's daughter (3rd option)

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the protagonist of the story "The Captain's Daughter". The son of a retired military man, a simple but honest man who puts honor above all else. The serf Savelich brings up the hero, teaches - Monsieur Beaupre. Until the age of 16, Peter lived underage, chasing pigeons. His father cannot realize himself. I think this is how Pushkin leads the reader to the idea that Pyotr Andreevich could have lived the most ordinary life, if not for his father's will. Throughout the story, Peter changes, from a crazy boy he turns first into a young man asserting independence, and then a courageous and persistent adult. At the age of 16, he sends him with Savelich to the Belogorsk fortress, more like a village, so that he would "smell gunpowder." In the fortress, Petrusha falls in love with Masha Mironova, which played an important role in shaping his character. Grinev not only fell in love, but was ready to take full responsibility for his beloved. When he is besieged by government troops, he sends Masha to live with his parents. When his beloved was left an orphan, Peter risked his life and honor, which is more important to him. He proved this during the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, when he refused the oath to Pugachev and any compromises with him, preferring death to the slightest deviation from the dictates of duty and honor. Finding himself in this critical situation, Grinev is rapidly changing, growing spiritually and morally. After meeting with Yemelyan in the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev becomes more determined and bold. Peter is still young, therefore, out of frivolity, he does not think about how his behavior is assessed from the outside when they accept Pugachev's help in releasing Marya Petrovna. For the sake of his love, he asks the general to give him fifty soldiers and permission to release the captured fortress. Having been refused, the young man does not fall into despair, but resolutely goes to Pugachev's lair.

The protagonist of the novel A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" - military Petr Andreevich Grinev or simply Petrusha.
At first glance, this is the image of a simple man liable for military service, who came by assignment to the Belogorsk fortress to serve in the turbulent times for Russia in the 18th century.
In the novel, the father and son of Grineva are partly compared. It seems that Andrei Grinev is a man of the old military school, he has his own worldview. His son Peter is still too young, he is just starting his career and has no life experience. However, the author chooses as his main character a young person who has not yet been in difficult situations. It is no coincidence that, as a preface to the work, Pushkin cited the words of a well-known saying: "Take care of honor from a young age." That is, the reader immediately understands that the hero of the story is a young, outstanding and honest person.
Like any young man of sixteen, Petrusha Grinev at first appears extremely cheerful and carefree. A noble upbringing affects him - he is a bit like Fonvizin's undergrowth Mitrofanushka. He shows these inclinations, for example, in an episode of a meeting with officer Zurin in Simbirsk. Or another example of the manifestation of Barchuk's gullibility and simplicity - in the chapter "Counsellor", when he easily and cheerfully decides to give a hare coat to the first person he meets, despite the grumbling of his valet. However, this episode can also characterize the young man as a kind, merciful person. These qualities of Peter's character in the future narrative will play an almost decisive role in shaping his image and in the development of the whole action.
The fact that Grinev is very kind and reasonable is confirmed by his trusting relationship with the servant Savelich. He realizes the loyalty of the serf, understands that he is wrong when he shouts at him. And, contrary to the lordly habit of the relationship between master and servant, he asks Savelich for forgiveness.
In addition, Petrusha sacredly honors family traditions, honors his parents - he reacted with reverence to the words of his father's parting words. And in response, he sincerely wishes to serve honestly and well for the good of the Fatherland.
The image of Grinev is gradually revealed as the action of the novel develops. Having barely met Pugachev, he was the first to show his mercy in the above episode with a hare sheepskin coat. Here, in fact, for the first time he shows independence in his judgments - he insists on his own when Savelich is distrustful of the first person he meets. The fact is that, in his spiritual simplicity, he treats well almost all people who do him good.
The breadth of Grinev's open soul manifests itself especially violently when he meets Masha Mironova, the captain's daughter. For her, he is ready to fight with the worst enemies, to save her from the clutches of wild animals and robbers. He does not give up his love even when the captain of the fortress does not give an unambiguous answer to the ardor of the young man's feelings towards his daughter. In a word, having fallen in love, he behaves like a knight and a real man.
When Pushkin describes the events of the siege of the Belogorsk fortress, he emphasizes that his hero shows all the qualities that his father brought up in him - fearlessness, loyalty to honor and military duty. So, a young man fulfills his father's covenants and this promise to preserve honor from a young age.
So, reminiscent of a dullard at the beginning of the novel, and at the stage of the culmination of the action turning into a fair and honest young man, Peter becomes an exemplary highly moral hero of a realistic novel.
Thus, Pushkin puts forward the idea that the seemingly exaggeratedly ideal images of Peter, Masha, the commandant of the fortress, in fact, are such, there were quite a lot of people like them in Russian history.
However, Petr Grinev cannot be perfect for everyone. According to the code of loyalty to his noble family, he cannot support the Pugachev uprising, although he was sympathetic to its ideologist, Emelyan Pugachev. He accepts that changes are needed in the life of the country, but due to circumstances, he acts as the military oath dictates to him.
A clear division of heroes into positive and negative in the story is also a characteristic feature of Pushkin: this is how their comparative characteristics are left. When one character sets off another, it is easier to understand the meaning of the author's idea and get a real idea of ​​the era being described.
The historicism of the novel is another feature that distinguishes it from similar works of that time. It is no coincidence that Pushkin actively studied historical documents in the archives. Their materials are the basis of the work. The author presented the reader with one of the episodes in Russian history in artistic form.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, depicting the reality of his day, the spiritual poverty and idleness of a significant part of the nobles, introduces us to worthy representatives of this estate. We find them in such works by Pushkin as "Eugene Onegin", "Dubrovsky", as well as in "The Captain's Daughter", which will be discussed in my essay.

The hero of this story, Pyotr Grinev, is one of the best representatives of the nobility. His childhood and years of education were the same as those of other children of nobles from the provinces. He was brought up from the age of 5 by the stirrup Savelich, who taught Petrush to read and write when he was 12 years old. Then the Frenchman Beaupre was hired for him.

When Peter Grinev was 17 years old, his father sent him to serve the fatherland. By this time, our hero already knew what honor and nobility are. Pyotr Grinev, on the way to work, presents the "counselor" (as it turned out later, it was Emelyan Pugachev) with a hare sheepskin coat. He honestly repays the debt after losing a large amount of money in cards, although he could not do this, saying that he has no money.

Arriving at the place of service, in the Belogorsk fortress, our hero falls in love with Masha Mironova, the daughter of the commandant. He admires her and dedicates poems to this girl. During the duel with Shvabrin, the nobility of the young nobleman is again manifested, as well as his courage. Pyotr Grinev believes that it is better to prefer death than to watch Shvabrin defame the honor of Masha Mironova. When Pugachev appears in the fortress, our hero does not change himself here either. He refuses to swear allegiance to the rebel, saying that he already serves the empress. Peter cannot renounce her, since he gave the word of a nobleman, which means a lot to him. When Grinev finds out that the captain's daughter is being held captive by Shvabrin, he immediately rushes to save her, not thinking about what it could threaten.

But it should be noted that Pushkin, portraying Pyotr Grinev as a positive hero, is far from idealizing him. So, he, like his father, perceives Savelich only as a servant, despite the fact that he treats him well. He constantly reminds him of his subordinate position: "...give money here or I'll drive you out of your head", "...you must be drunk, go to sleep...". When I read The Captain's Daughter, I thought that Grinev hardly cares about ordinary people. Pugachev is rather an exception, and Peter's attitude towards him is explained by the fact that he owes him a lot. Like all representatives of the nobility, Grinev enjoys all the advantages that his position gives him. He does not think about the fact that the serf system is unjust, that it oppresses ordinary people, making them slaves of those in power. Of course, Peter's age plays a certain role - he is still quite young. However, at about his age, Pushkin created "The Village", where he noted that the people were oppressed, denounced injustice towards him. Of course, Alexander Sergeevich is a genius, one of the best representatives of the nobility. Pyotr Grinev is far from him, but he is not one of the last.

The positive qualities of our hero are more clearly manifested in comparison with Shvabrin, who is also a nobleman, moreover, more educated than Grinev. He does not know the concepts of "honor" and "nobility", for him there is nothing sacred. He is vengeful, greedy, easily commits betrayal and treason. He considers it normal to humiliate a woman, even his beloved. This hero serves the one who is currently profitable to serve.

Shvabrin and Grinev are both nobles. They grew up in the same environment, but for some reason they are so different. Perhaps it's a matter of upbringing. We know that Peter's parents are noble and kind-hearted people, but we cannot say anything about Shvabrin's parents, about his inner circle. Perhaps it is in this that we need to look for the reason ... And, of course, we can say with confidence that Pyotr Grinev is one of the best representatives of his estate.

), Petr Andreevich Grinev - a young officer who got to his place of service in the midst of a riot and accidentally ran into Pugachev himself.

Grinev himself says that he " lived undergrowth"Until the age of sixteen. But it is clear that by nature he was not stupid and gifted with extraordinary abilities, because in the Belogorsk fortress, having no other entertainment, he took up reading, practicing French translations and sometimes writing poetry. “A desire for literature awakened in me,” he writes. - Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov several years later praised his literary experiments very much.

Here is everything we know about the education of Petr Andreevich Grinev; Now let's talk about his upbringing. The concepts of upbringing and education are often combined into one whole, while, in essence, these are two different areas, and sometimes the question even arises: what is more important for a person - education or upbringing? In this case, it was the upbringing given to Grinev by his parents, instilled in him from childhood by words, instruction, and most importantly by example, that made him a man, created solid foundations that showed him a direct and correct path in life.

What example did he see in his parents' house? We can judge this by individual words scattered throughout the story. We learn that Grinev's parents were honest, deeply decent people: the father, adhering to strict rules himself, did not allow drunken and frivolous behavior in his house, among his servants and subordinates. The best evidence of his principles of instruction, which he gives to his son: “serve faithfully to whom you swear; obey the bosses; do not chase after their affection; do not ask for service; do not excuse yourself from the service; and remember the proverb: take care of the dress again, and honor from youth.

A. S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. audiobook

The main thing in these instructions is loyalty to the oath. We see how important Grinev the father attached to her by his terrible grief when he found out about the accusation against his son of treason to the empress, of participating in Pugachev's rebellion. It is not the son’s exile to Siberia to an eternal settlement, with which the Empress “out of respect for the merits of her father” replaced the execution that threatened him, plunges the old man into despair, but the fact that his son is a traitor. “My son participated in the plans of Pugachev! Good God, what have I lived for!” he exclaims: “The Empress saves him from execution! Does that make it easier for me? Execution is not terrible: my ancestor died at the place of execution, defending what revered as sacred to his conscience "... "But the nobleman to change his oath" ... "Shame and disgrace to our family!" - In fact, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, as we know, never changed his oath; his father's instructions given to him before his departure evidently sunk deep into his soul; in all the difficult and dangerous moments of his life, he never changed the requirements of duty and honor.

Over the short time described in the story (about two years), we see how a boy who “lived undergrowth”, chased pigeons, made a kite from a geographical map, under the influence of extraordinary events and strong feelings, turns into an adult, decent and honest . At the beginning of the story, his behavior is still purely boyish: playing billiards with Zurin, an innocent lie to the general when explaining the expression "hedgehogs", etc.; but love for Marya Ivanovna, and most importantly, the terrible incidents of the Pugachev rebellion contribute to the fact that he quickly matures. He tells everything that happened to him with perfect sincerity; does not hide that sometimes he did stupid things - but his personality appears all the brighter before us.

Grinev is smart and very nice. The main features of his character: simplicity (he never draws), directness and innate nobility in all actions; when Pugachev pardoned him due to Savelich's interference when he was on the verge of death, he can not kiss the hand of the robber who pardoned him: "I would prefer the most cruel execution to such humiliation." Kissing the hand of Pugachev, who gave him life, would not be a betrayal of the oath, but it was contrary to his innate sense of nobility. At the same time, the feeling of gratitude to Pugachev, who saved his life, who saved Marya Ivanovna from Shvabrin, never leaves him.

With great masculinity in all the actions of Grinev, sincerity and kindness shine through in his relationship with people. In difficult moments of his life, his soul turns to God: he prays, preparing for death, in front of the gallows, "bringing to God sincere repentance for all sins, and praying to Him for the salvation of all loved ones." At the end of the story, when he, innocent of anything, unexpectedly ended up in prison, chained, he "resorted to the consolation of all those who mourn and, having tasted for the first time the sweetness of a prayer poured out from a pure but torn heart, fell asleep calmly," not caring that will be with him.

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the central character of the story "The Captain's Daughter". Grinev's whole life is an example of the behavior of a young man who thought early about his destiny, honor, dignity, and loyalty to his word. The life lessons that the son of Andrei Petrovich received, from the point of view of the modern reader, are very cruel and difficult. In fact, young Grinev was prepared to pass the test of strength, to confirm the right to be called an officer, a man.

From the first pages of the story, Peter Grinev is characterized as a person brought up in an environment of strictness and increased attention to the reputation of the family. This is the father's influence. Peter was dearly loved by his mother, as the only surviving son, and this love for a long time protected him from all storms and hardships. Finally, the boy was greatly influenced by Arkhip Savelich, a former stirrup, a connoisseur of oral folk art, well versed in horses and dogs, intelligent, far-sighted and exceptionally devoted to the family. He gave freedom to the barchuk, and he grew up "chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys."

Thus, the formation of the personality of Peter Grinev took place under the influence of all these factors in the aggregate.

To understand the image of the hero, it is necessary to carefully examine all the stages of his biography.
There are at least four turning points when Peter had to make a decision to pass a kind of exam. The first key episode is the loss of a game of billiards to Captain Zurov. It is quite possible that the reveler Zurov would have forgiven an unreasonable child who dangerously played too much. Relying on this, the good-natured Savelich tearfully begs the young master not to compensate for the damage. But Grinev the man does not need concessions. He commits his first serious act: "The debt must be paid!"

The second key moment is the conversation with Shvabrin, from whose lips insults were made against the chaste girl. Leaving such an act unattended is not a man's thing. Grinev stands up for the honor of Masha, as a result he receives a severe penetrating wound to his shoulder. The pages that describe Grinev, who is recovering from a serious illness, are truly touching.

The third important point: the rescue of the bride from captivity. No one was going to liberate the Belogorsk fortress, occupied by the rebels, but there were no barriers for Pyotr Grinev. He is hot and reckless in a good way.

Finally, the fourth episode. Grinev under investigation is threatened to be sent to an eternal settlement in Siberia if he fails to justify himself. Helped the rebels? Spying for Pugachev?

Why did you meet with the ataman of the robbers? Peter refuses to defend himself, because he does not want to defame, "rinse" the name of the bride. He agrees to go to hard labor, but the daughter of Captain Mironov, who laid down his life for the Fatherland, will remain clean in front of people. He will not tolerate gossip.

Self-denial in the name of love, in the name of higher justice, leads the young nobleman to the road of truth and forever leads him away from the crooked path of dishonor and oblivion. No wonder the image of Grinev in the story The Captain's Daughter is considered one of the most expressive in Russian fiction. Even in the 21st century, he is able to excite readers and awaken a good response in the souls.