Dmitry Medvedev is a Russian politician who currently heads the government. From 2008 to 2012, he was president of the Russian Federation. Over his career, he has been awarded several awards, including many foreign, confessional and some others. We looked at what Russian awards Dmitry Anatolyevich was awarded.

Especially for Polit.ru, they were commented on by the academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, professor, head of the department of Moscow State University. Lomonosova, a leading specialist in the history of the creation and functioning of award systems Andrei Leonidovich Khazin.

3. Medal “In memory of the 1000th anniversary of Kazan”

In 2005, Dmitry Medvedev was awarded the medal "In memory of the 1000th anniversary of Kazan." It was established in 2005 on the occasion of the millennium anniversary of the capital of Tatarstan as a state award, but since 2010 it has ceased to be such.

The medal is awarded to residents of Kazan who participated in the Great Patriotic War, home front workers who worked in Kazan during the Second World War, and home front workers. The medal is also awarded to citizens who have made a significant contribution to the development of the city of Kazan.

The medal itself is round, it is made of brass and has a convex rim around the circumference. The obverse depicts the complex of the State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve “Kazan Kremlin”. The coat of arms of Kazan and the years of the founding of the city and the establishment of the medal - 1005 and 2005 are placed on the back of the medal.

The following medals were also awarded: President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, leader of the Duma faction Just Russia Sergey Mironov, current president of Russian Railways Oleg Belozerov, TV presenter and journalist Sergey Brilev and others.

Commentary by Andrey Khazin:

The medal “In memory of the 1000th anniversary of Kazan” is not a regional award; it was established by the President of the Russian Federation in the status of a state award. At the moment, after the reform carried out by Dmitry Medvedev, as President, she moved into the category of so-called anniversary medals. Persons awarded this medal before the reform retain the rights of those awarded the state award, which is specifically stipulated in the regulatory documents.

There was a time when the right to award medals such as “In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow”, “In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg” and “In memory of the 1000th anniversary of Kazan” was delegated to the heads of the respective regions. Then, federal officials were also awarded, who were responsible in general for working with the respective regions, and, specifically, for preparing for the celebration of anniversaries for which medals were instituted. Dmitry A. Medvedev, and when he was the Head of the Presidential Administration, and the First Deputy Prime Minister, took part in the preparation of celebrations, and indeed for the social development of the region. Therefore, it is not surprising that he was awarded this medal. ”

4. Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation

On July 8, 2003, Dmitry Medvedev was thanked by the President of the Russian Federation for his active participation in the preparation of the Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly. By the way, this was the second thanks of the President expressed to Dmitry Medvedev.

This is a type of encouragement accorded to citizens of the Russian Federation for their merits in protecting the Fatherland and ensuring state security, strengthening the rule of law, protecting health and life, protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, state building, the economy, science, culture, art, education, enlightenment, sports, and charitable activities and other services to the state. Gratitude of the President can be awarded not only to individual citizens, but also to collectives of enterprises, organizations and institutions.

Vladimir Putin presents a letter with the text of the President’s Appreciation to goalkeeper Yevgeny Biryukov “for his great contribution to the victory of the Russian national hockey team at the 2012 World Cup”. Photo: kremlin.ru

This award cannot be called rare, but, nevertheless, it is very honorable. Just a few weeks ago, the Governor of the Samara Region Nikolay Merkushkin received such gratitude for helping the Crimea. Every citizen can deserve it: for example, last month the President of the Russian Federation was grateful to Ekaterina Tselina, the graduate student of IGSU RANEPA, the head of the department of the Office of the Project Support Group for Creating Projects for Holding SCO and BRICS Events, for organizing the SCO and BRICS summit last June. .

Commentary by Andrey Khazin:

“The gratitude of the President does not apply to state awards, but is the so-called "Encouraging the President of the Russian Federation." This type also includes the higher, established, by the way, in the presidency of Dmitry Medvedev, the award is the Certificate of Honor of the President of the Russian Federation. Presidential incentives occupy a niche of awards of lower status than state ones.

The standard situation is that in the case of the preparation of a large-scale event, including, for example, the President’s annual address to the Federal Assembly, events related to interstate forums, people taking part in this work will be awarded with such thanks. For example, on the 15th anniversary of the Constitution, active participants in the constitutional process were awarded Honorary Diplomas of the President of the Russian Federation. "This practice began at the very beginning of Russian statehood, it still exists and it seems to me that it is very successful and solves the tasks assigned to it."

5. Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation

In August 2002, Dmitry Medvedev was awarded the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of education for 2001. So he was awarded for participating in the creation of the textbook “Civil Law” for educational institutions of higher professional education.

This prize is awarded annually for the creation of new developments that effectively influence the development of the educational system of the Russian Federation; for the development of educational programs, the creation of high-quality textbooks and teaching aids for educational institutions; as well as for pedagogical skills or high results of professional activity.

Since 2006, the rules came into force, according to which the prize was awarded annually in 20 directions, and the cash reward was 1 million rubles, since 2014 the number of directions has been reduced to 10, and the premium has increased to 2 million rubles.

Because of what E.A. Kozlovsky (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR, Honored Geologist of the Russian Federation, Laureate of Lenin and State Prizes of the Russian Federation) refused the Honorary Diploma of the President of the Russian Federation read under the cut.

  YES. Medvedev

Mr. President!

I was informed that with your Order of February 2, 2011 you awarded me with the Certificate of Merit of the President of the Russian Federation for achievements in the field of education and many years of fruitful work.

Unfortunately, I cannot accept the indicated Certificate of Merit for the following reasons.

Firstly, during the same period, your decree was awarded the highest order of Russia - the Order of Andrew the First-Called, the traitor of my Motherland - the USSR, its destroyer and traitor Gorbachev. We, the veterans, see the very process of rewarding him as a mockery of us, the past history of our country - the USSR. Your action has caused bewilderment and cannot be justified on any side! Instead of uniting the people in this difficult period for Russia, you brought an “apple” of discord, committed an act that could not be comprehended to please the Western world, who briskly “celebrated” the 80th anniversary of the traitor whom he allegedly served!

Secondly, in connection with my 80th birthday, the Academic Council of the Russian State Geological Exploration University, of which I am a professor, introduced me, in accordance with the status of the order, to the award of the Order of Merit to the Fatherland, the second degree, appreciating my personal participation in strengthening the mineral resource base of the USSR-Russia, many years of productive work in the Far East and as Minister of Geology of the USSR (1975-1989). It so happened that major discoveries of many types of minerals occurred in the indicated period of my activity. For me, the opinion of my colleagues is the highest moral award!

And I am sincerely grateful to the scientific community for such a high appreciation of my work! And awarded or not - this is the second question!

Our authorities feel a great commitment to the "artistic world", and you often deign to meet with their representatives. But I do not remember the case that you met with the people of the Cause and in a businesslike manner discussed the strategic issues of developing the country's economy, the problems of organizational and technical improvement.

By the way, I take this opportunity to remind you that the “commodity economy” did not originate in the Soviet era, as you assure, but in the years of the so-called perestroika. You emphasized: “The dependence of our economy on raw materials arose not at the time when Putin was president, but already 40 years ago. It takes a long time to change that. ” So, 40 years ago (in 1970), the share of fuel and energy products in the export structure of the USSR was 15.7%. The same goods in the structure of Russian exports in 2008 amounted to 67.8% (!). But the fact is that in those days, exports of machinery and equipment amounted to 21.5% (in 2008 - 4.9%), food and agricultural raw materials 8.9% (in 2008 - 2%). Before treating a patient, as you know, you need to make the correct diagnosis! This happened because a large part of the industrial and production potential inherited from the USSR was practically collapsed as a result of the incompetent management of the Russian economy!

I am naturally opposed to the prevailing opinion in the upper layers of the state that our fault is that Russia has a “raw material economy”. I believe that this is a great advantage, a gift from above! But the ability to use this economy of easily earned (primarily oil) money for a breakthrough and technological improvement of the state is the task of the country's leadership. On this "donkey" is tested his ability to public administration and the level of professionalism! Is this not the main root of our troubles for twenty years ?!

As for the prospects for the mineral resource complex (MSC), they are now extremely low. One of the main reasons for the difficult situation of the MSC is the destruction of the country's geological service - the main core of strategic research of the subsoil, the scientific level of search. The material base of geology has been undermined, many regional geological organizations have collapsed, many organizations have been thoughtlessly reoriented and, as a result, the level of personnel training has decreased.

We can not stop on the main issues arising from the foregoing:

1. In Russia, there is no strategy and philosophy of the development of the state. Meanwhile, they must determine the political, moral and practical activities of the government and its subordinate structures. It should not be forgotten that the USSR was largely destroyed by dogmatism, the lack of deep elaboration of the prospects for the development of society and the state, the absence of an instrument of global thinking and the true state of affairs in the world and the country. Given that we have been rushing around for two decades, we have not drawn conclusions from the past! Modern Russia is in a socio-economic, political and ideological impasse. However, 97% of the country's population, according to sociologists, believe that they can in no way influence the decisions taken by the authorities, and, of course, are not responsible for them. This return to the scheme of social antagonism - “we” and “they” - deprives modernization of the chances of success.

Thus, the social aspect, the embodiment of the dream of their civilized imperatives in the renewal and development of Russia is now no less important than technological and economic innovations.

One of the most important technologies at present is the algorithm for designing the future. These are methods for analyzing trends, anticipating future changes, analyzing possible scenarios, assessing and managing risks. This is no coincidence! Today, in order to make serious, far-sighted decisions in the most important spheres of life - social, economic, educational, military, technological, and a number of others, we must look 25-30 years ahead!

2. The political line of the state should open the possibility of a strategic economic path for the development of the state with a clear presentation of the goals, priorities, regional plans, security of the country, etc. This is the most important element in uniting the efforts of the people, organizations, enterprises. The outbreak of the global crisis has seriously hit the Russian economy. While in the USA and European countries it manifested itself in an economic recession, measured only by a few percentage points, in Russia GDP in 2009 fell by 8%, industrial production - by 9%. The volume of investments in the economy has significantly decreased, and the state budget has become scarce, which naturally affected the long-term plans for exploration, as mentioned above. The severity of the crisis in Russia is due, in particular, to the fact that during the relatively prosperous period of the Russian economy in 2000-2008. practically nothing was done to insure against possible impending adverse situations.

We believe that effective Russian policy in the field of national mineral resource security requires taking into account the consequences of the globalization of mineral resources and determining the role of our country in the future global mineral resources supply.

For the reasons stated above, I cannot accept the Certificate of Merit of the President of the Russian Federation, but I will be sincerely grateful if you, Mr. President, think about what I wrote to you in this necessary message!

I ask: ponder, understand, realize!

Wishing you success,

E.A. Kozlovsky,
  Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor,
  Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR,
  Honored Geologist of the Russian Federation,
  Laureate of Lenin and State
  Prizes of the Russian Federation.

- Russia, also officially the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. The European western part of the country is more populated and urbanised than the eastern. Russias capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a range of environments. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk, the East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, in 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of states, most of the Rus lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion. The Soviet Union played a role in the Allied victory in World War II. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the worlds first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the second largest economy, largest standing military in the world. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic, the Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russias extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the producers of oil. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction, Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterized as a potential superpower. The name Russia is derived from Rus, a state populated mostly by the East Slavs. However, this name became more prominent in the later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants Russian Land. In order to distinguish this state from other states derived from it, it is denoted as Kievan Rus by modern historiography, an old Latin version of the name Rus was Ruthenia, mostly applied to the western and southern regions of Rus that were adjacent to Catholic Europe . The current name of the country, Russia, comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Kievan Rus, the standard way to refer to citizens of Russia is Russians in English and rossiyane in Russian. There are two Russian words which are translated into English as Russians

2. The President of the Russian Federation - The President of the Russian Federation is the elected head of state, Supreme Commander-in-Chief and holder of the highest office within the Russian Federation. The current President of Russia is Vladimir Putin, in 1991, the office was briefly known as the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until December 25, 1991. According to the 1978 Russian Constitution, the President of Russia was head of the executive branch, according to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is not a part of the Government of Russia, which exercises executive power. In all cases where the President of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill his duties, they shall be temporarily delegated to the Prime Minister, the Chairman of the Federation Council is the third important position after the President and the Prime Minister. In the case of incapacity of both the President and Prime Minister, the chairman of the house of parliament becomes acting head of state. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Federation, the president is elected directly through a popular vote to a six-year term. The law prohibits anyone from ever being elected to the presidency for a consecutive term. In all, 3 individuals have served 4 presidencies spanning 6 full terms, on May 7,2012, Vladimir Putin became the 4th and current president. A candidate for office must be a citizen of the Russian Federation who is at least 35 years old and has resided in Russia for at least 10 years. The Constitution of Russia limits the election of one person to the Presidency to two consecutive terms, since the constitution contains no ruling on a total number of terms that a President may serve, a former president may seek re-election after sitting out one complete term . The election of the President is mainly regulated by the Presidential Election Law, the Federation Council calls the presidential elections. If it does not call an election that is due. The Election Day is the second Sunday of the month and the electoral constituency is the territory of the Russian Federation as a whole. Each faction in the State Duma, the house of the Russian parliament has the right to nominate a candidate for the presidential elections. The minimum number of signatures for a presidential candidate fielded by a party with no parliamentary representation is 100,000. Terms were extended from four to six years in 2008, during Dmitry Medvedevs administration, the President is elected in a two-round system every six years, with a two consecutive term limitation. If no candidate wins by an majority in the first round

3. Silver - Silver is a metallic element with symbol Ag and atomic number 47. The symbol Ag stems from Latin argentum, derived from the Greek ὰργὀς, a soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earths crust in the pure, free form, as an alloy with gold and other metals. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, Silver is more abundant than gold, but it is much less abundant as a native metal. Its purity is measured on a per mille basis, a 94% -pure alloy is described as 0.940 fine. As one of the seven metals of antiquity, silver has had a role in most human cultures. Silver has long valued as a precious metal. Silver metal is used in many premodern monetary systems in bullion coins, Silver is used in numerous applications other than currency, such as solar panels, water filtration, jewelry, ornaments, high-value tableware and utensils, and as an investment medium. Silver is used industrially in electrical contacts and conductors, in specialized mirrors, window coatings, Silver compounds are used in photographic film and X-rays. Dilute silver nitrate solutions and other compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides, added to bandages and wound-dressings, catheters. Silver is similar in its physical and chemical properties to its two neighbors in group 11 of the periodic table, copper and gold. This distinctive electron configuration, with an electron in the highest occupied s subshell over a filled d subshell. Silver is a soft, ductile and malleable transition metal. Silver crystallizes in a cubic lattice with bulk coordination number 12. Unlike metals with incomplete d-shells, metallic bonds in silver are lacking a covalent character and are relatively weak and this observation explains the low hardness and high ductility of single crystals of silver. Silver has a brilliant white metallic luster that can take a polish. Protected silver has greater optical reflectivity than aluminum at all wavelengths longer than ~ 450 nm, at wavelengths shorter than 450 nm, silvers reflectivity is inferior to that of aluminum and drops to zero near 310 nm. The electrical conductivity of silver is the greatest of all metals, greater even than copper, during World War II in the US, 13540 tons of silver were used in electromagnets for enriching uranium, mainly because of the wartime shortage of copper

4. Circle - In geometry, a disk is the region in a plane bounded by a circle. A disk is said to be closed if it contains the circle that constitutes its boundary, and open if it does not. In Cartesian coordinates, the disk of center and radius R is given by the formula D \u003d while the closed disk of the same center. The area of \u200b\u200ba closed or open disk of radius R is πR2, the open disk and the closed disk are not topologically equivalent, as they have different topological properties from each other. For instance, every closed disk is compact whereas every open disk is not compact, however from the viewpoint of algebraic topology they share many properties, both of them are contractible and so are homotopy equivalent to a single point. This implies that their groups are trivial, and all homology groups are trivial except the 0th one. The Euler characteristic of a point is 1, every continuous map from the closed disk to itself has at least one fixed point, this is the case n \u003d 2 of the Brouwer fixed point theorem. The statement is false for the disk, Consider for example the function f \u003d which maps every point of the open unit disk to another point on the open unit disk to the right of the given one. But for the unit disk fixes every point on the half circle x 2 + y 2 \u003d 1, x\u003e 0

5. Laurel wreath - A laurel wreath is a circular wreath made of interlocking branches and leaves of the bay laurel, an aromatic broadleaf evergreen, or later from spineless butchers broom or cherry laurel. In Greek mythology, Apollo is represented wearing a wreath on his head. Whereas ancient laurel wreaths are most often depicted as a horseshoe shape, in common modern idiomatic usage it refers to a victory. In some countries the laurel wreath is used as a symbol of the masters degree, the wreath is given to young masters at the university graduation ceremony. The word laureate in poet laureate refers to the laurel wreath, the medieval Florentine poet and philosopher Dante Alighieri, a graduate of the Sicilian School, is often represented in paintings and sculpture wearing a laurel wreath. In Italy, the term laureato is used in to refer to any student who has graduated, right after the graduation ceremony, or laurea in Italian, the student receives a laurel wreath to wear for the rest of the day. This tradition originated at the University of Padua and has spread in the last two centuries to all Italian universities, at Connecticut College in the United States, members of the junior class carry a laurel chain, which the seniors pass through during commencement. It represents nature and the continuation of life from year to year, at Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA, laurel has been a fixture of commencement traditions since 1900, when graduating students carried or wore laurel wreaths. In 1902, the chain of laurel was introduced, since then, tradition has been for seniors to parade around the campus, carrying. The mountain laurel represents the bay used by the Romans in wreaths. At Reed College in Portland, Oregon, United States, members of the senior class receive laurel wreaths upon submitting their senior thesis in May, the tradition stems from the use of laurel wreaths in athletic competitions, the seniors have crossed the finish line, so to speak. In Sweden, those receiving a doctorate or a doctorate at the Faculty of Philosophy. In Finland, in University of Helsinki a laurel wreath is given during the ceremony of conferral for masterss degree, doctors wear special kind of Doctoral hat. The laurel wreath is a motif in architecture, furniture. The laurel wreath is seen carved in the stone and decorative works of Robert Adam, and in Federal, Regency, Directoire. In decorative arts, especially during the Empire period, the wreath is seen woven in textiles, inlaid in marquetry. Alfa Romeo added a wreath to their logo after they won the inaugural Automobile World Championship in 1925 with the P2 racing car. Laurel wreaths are used in heraldry

6. Enamel - Vitreous enamel, also called porcelain enamel, is a material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing, usually between 750 and 850 ° C. The powder melts, flows, and then hardens to a smooth, durable vitreous coating on metal, so in technical terms fired enamelware is an integrated layered composite of glass and metal. Enamelling is an old and widely adopted technology, for most of its history mainly used in jewelry, enamelled and enamelling are the preferred spellings in British English, while enameled and enameling are preferred in American English. The term enamel is most often restricted to work on metal, enamelled glass is also called painted, and overglaze decoration to pottery is often called enamelling. The word enamel comes from the Old High German word smelzan via the Old French esmail, or from a Latin word smaltum, used as a noun, an enamel is usually a small decorative object coated with enamel. Since the 19th century the term also to industrial materials and many metal consumer objects, such as some cooking vessels, dishwashers, laundry machines, sinks. The ancient Egyptians applied enamels to stone objects, pottery, and sometimes jewelery, the ancient Greeks, Celts, Georgians, and Chinese also used enamel on metal objects. Enamel powder could be produced in two ways, either by powdering colored glass, or by mixing colored glass powder with pigments such as a metallic oxide, designs were either painted freehand or over the top of outline incisions, and the technique probably originated in metalworking. Once painted, enamelled glass vessels needed to be fired at a high enough to melt the applied powder. Ancient Persians used this method for coloring and ornamenting the surface of metals by fusing over it brilliant colors that are decorated in an intricate design and called it Meenakari. Gold has been used traditionally for Meenakari Jewelery as it holds the enamel better, lasts longer, initially, the work of Meenakari often went unnoticed as this art was traditionally used as a backing for the famous kundan or stone-studded jewelery. This also allowed the wearer to reverse the jewelery as also promised a special joy in the secret of the hidden design, the Byzantine enamel style was widely adopted by the barbarian peoples of Migration Period northern Europe. The Byzantines then began to use cloisonné more freely to create images, the champlevé technique was significantly easier and very widely practiced in the Romanesque period. In Gothic art the finest work is in basse-taille and ronde-bosse techniques, from either Byzantium or the Islamic world, the cloisonné technique reached China in the 13-14th centuries. The first written reference to cloisonné is in a book from 1388, cloisonné remained very popular in China until the 19th century and is still produced today. Starting from the century, the Japanese also produced large quantities of very high technical quality. A resurgence in enamel-based art took place near the end of the 20th century in the Soviet Union, led by artists like Alexei Maximov, in Australia, abstract artist Bernard Hesling brought the style into prominence with his variously sized steel plates. Enamel was first applied commercially to sheet iron and steel in Austria, industrialization increased as the purity of raw materials increased and costs decreased

7. Coat of arms of Russia - The general tincture corresponds to the early fifteenth-century standard. The shape of the eagle can be traced back to the reign of Peter the Great, the two main elements of Russian state symbols predate Peter the Great. Today, however, the description does not refer to the rider on the central shield as representing Saint George. The current coat of arms was designed by artist Yevgeny Ukhnalyov, today, the imperial crowns on each head stand for the unity and sovereignty of Russia, both as a whole and in its constituent republics and regions. The orb and scepter grasped in the talons are traditional heraldic symbols of sovereign power. Andrew have been removed from the current coat of arms, the modern arms of Russia were instated by a presidential decree in 1993, and then by a federal law signed by President Vladimir Putin on December 20,2000. They date back to 1472, when Ivan III began using the eagle in his seal. The coat of arms were changed in 1918 with the creation of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the current coat of arms, in use since 1993, once again uses the double-headed eagle with the image of St. George. The Russian Empire had a coat of arms, displayed in either its greater, middle and lesser version. Its escutcheon was golden with a black two-headed eagle crowned with two crowns, over which the same third crown, enlarged, with two flying ends of the ribbon of the Order of Saint Andrew. The State Eagle held a scepter and golden globus cruciger. On the chest of the eagle there was an escutcheon with the arms of Moscow, depicting Saint George, mounted, after approval by Alexander III on July 24, 1882, the greater coat of arms was adopted on November 3, replacing the previous 1857 version. Its central element is the coat of arms, crowned with the helmet of Alexander Nevsky, with black and golden mantling, the collar of the Order of Saint Andrew is suspended from the coat of arms. The whole lies within an ermine mantle, crowned by the Imperial Crown of Russia. The inscription on the canopy reads, Nami Bog, above the canopy stands the state khorugv, of gold cloth, on which is depicted the Medium State Seal. The banner is topped by the State Eagle, around the central composition are placed fifteen coats of arms of the various territories of the Russian Empire. Nine of these are crowned and placed on a laurel and oak wreath, the six upper escutcheons are joint depictions of various smaller principalities and oblasts. The Middle Coat of Arms is similar to the Great Coat of Arms, excluding the khorugv, the Abbreviated Imperial Title is inscribed over the perimeter of the Seal

8. Orders of the USSR - Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union are decorations from the former Soviet Union that recognized achievements and personal accomplishments, both military and civilian. Some of the awards, decorations, and orders were discontinued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a wide range of Soviet awards and decorations cover the extensive and diverse period of history from 1917 to 1991. Note, Several Soviet decorations were worn in full, so a ribbon bar was not created, however, since the fall of the USSR, some medals have had ribbon bars created for them. An asterisk, *, denotes these medals, awards not showing a ribbon are worn in full at all times. The Comprehensive Guide to Soviet Orders and Medals, AVERS No.6 Definitive Catalog of Soviet Orders and Medals. AVERS No.8 Definitive Catalog of Soviet Badges and Jetons 1917-1980, well-illustrated, with exchange section and info on fraud

9. State Awards of the Russian Federation - The Order For Merit to the Fatherland is a state decoration of the Russian Federation. It was instituted on March 2,1994 by Presidential Decree 442, until the re-establishment of the Order of St. Andrew in 1998, it was the highest Order of the Russian Federation, though it is still the highest Civilian decoration of the state. The order of St. Andrew decoration is given to Military personnel only, the statute of the Order was modified on January 6,1999 by Presidential Decree 19 and again on September 7,2010 by Presidential Decree 1099. The Order For Merit to the Fatherland is a mixed civilian, the highest of the four classes is the Order I class, the lowest being the Order IV class. These classes are awarded sequentially from the IV to the I class, in exceptional cases, the President of the Russian Federation may decide to award the Order For Service to the Fatherland to persons not previously awarded state awards of the Russian Federation. Soldiers receiving the Order For Merit to the Fatherland for distinction in combat will receive the Order with Swords, the order has a collar and four classes. The collar is the insignia of the President of the Russian Federation. The four classes of the Order are individually identified by the size, cross, Is a silver-gilt ruby-enamelled cross pattée bearing the gilt state emblem of the Russian Federation on its obverse. On the reverse of the cross is a circular medallion surrounded by the motto BENEFIT, HONOR, in the center of the medallion, the year of the establishment of the Order 1994. On the reverse of the arm of the cross, laurel leaves. The cross for the Order I class measures 60mm across and is affixed to a 100mm wide red sash worn over the right shoulder. The cross of the II and III classes measures 50mm across and is worn on a 45mm wide red neck ribbon for the II class, the cross for the IV class measures 40mm across and hangs from a standard pentagonal mount covered by a red 24mm wide ribbon. Star, The star of the Order is eight pointed, 82mm across and of highly polished silver. At its center on the obverse if a circular medallion bearing the gilt state emblem of the Russian Federation. Around the medallion, a red enameled band with the motto of the Order BENEFIT, HONOR, the reverse has the serial number of the Order engraved on the lower arm. A cavalier of an order is an individual who as received a grade of an order, a full cavalier of an order is an individual who has sequentially earned every class of that order. The individuals listed below are among those who have been so honored, Awards and decorations of the Russian Federation The Commission on State Awards to the President of the Russian Federation

Constitutional system

Ukaz of the President of the Russian Federation of 11.04.2008 No. 487

“ABOUT THE HONORARY CHARTER OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THANKS TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION”

A new form of reward for merits in protecting the Fatherland and ensuring state security, strengthening the rule of law, protecting health and life, protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, state building, the economy, science, culture, art, education, enlightenment, sports, charity and other merits has been introduced in front of the state.

Honorary diplomas of the President of the Russian Federation will be awarded to persons who fill government positions of the Russian Federation and government positions of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, government officials of the Russian Federation, prominent figures in the field of science, culture, art, education, enlightenment and sports, authoritative representatives of the public and business circles, citizens of the Russian Federation who have made significant contribution to the implementation of state policy of the Russian Federation and, as a rule, widely known. The gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation will be announced to the citizens of the Russian Federation who have the above merit, as well as to collectives of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of ownership. Diplomas of the President of the Russian Federation may be awarded to foreign citizens and stateless persons, they may be declared gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation. The decree establishes, in particular, the procedure for initiating an application and the procedure for submitting awards with the Certificate of Honor of the President of the Russian Federation and the announcement of thanks to the President of the Russian Federation.

Labor and employment

ORDER of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2008 No. 121n

“ON THE APPROVAL OF PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION GROUPS OF PROFESSIONS OF WORKING CULTURE, ART AND CINEMA”

Registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation 03.04.2008 No. 11452.

The Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation has developed professional qualification groups for the professions of workers in culture, art and cinematography.

In accordance with Article 144 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, professional qualification groups have been approved: “Professions of workers of culture, art and cinematography of the first level” and “Professions of workers of culture, art and cinematography of the second level”.

Recall that these groups are formed taking into account the scope of activities on the basis of the requirements for professional training and the level of qualification necessary for the implementation of the relevant professional activities.

In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for professional qualification groups, the Government of the Russian Federation may establish base salaries (base salaries), base salary rates.

ORDER of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of March 31, 2008 No. 149n

“ON THE APPROVAL OF PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION GROUPS OF POSITIONS OF EMPLOYEES EMPLOYED IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH AND PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES”

It is registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 09.04.2008 No. 11481.

The Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation has developed professional qualification groups of positions for workers in the health sector and the provision of social services.

The named groups are approved in accordance with Art. 144 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and are formed taking into account the scope of activity on the basis of the requirements for professional training and the level of qualification necessary for the implementation of the relevant professional activity. In accordance with professional qualification groups, the Government of the Russian Federation can establish base salaries (base salaries), base salary rates.

Social Security

DEFINITION of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of January 15, 2008 No. 186-О-П

“ON THE COMPLAINT OF CITIZEN GROMOV VITALY IVANOVICH FOR VIOLATION OF ITS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IN THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLES 6, 7 AND 14 AND PARAGRAPHS OF PARAGRAPHS 1 - 3 OF ARTICLE 28 OF THE FEDERAL LAW“ ON MANDATORY PENSION FRANCE ”

Lawyers who have reached retirement age and receive a labor disability pension must pay insurance contributions to the budget of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in the part that is used to finance the insurance part of the labor pension.

The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation determined that, within the meaning of the Federal Law "On Compulsory Pension Insurance", a fixed payment in the amount specified by law should be paid for financing a retirement pension by all lawyers, including those who have already reached retirement age. Moreover, as explained by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the payment of insurance premiums in the form of a fixed payment allocated to finance the insurance part of the old-age labor pension provides lawyers with the right to annual recalculation of the insurance part of the labor pension taking into account the insurance contributions received on their personal account in accordance with The Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” and thereby allows to increase the amount of the received labor pension, which cannot be considered as a violation of the Constitution Tutsionnyh rights of the applicant.

As for the obligation to pay part of the insurance contribution in the form of a fixed payment directed to finance the funded part of the old-age labor pension, by virtue of Articles 22 and 33 of the Federal Law “On Compulsory Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation" insurance contributions for its financing in 2002-2004 years were not payable for men born 1952 and older and women born 1956 and older (the applicant is a citizen born in 1929), since they are not granted the right to the funded part of labor these and, therefore, lawyers belonging to this age group, this responsibility can not be assigned (on the base of the recovery of the applicant's debt to finance the funded part of the work has already been denied the decision of the magistrate).

Finance. Taxes

LETTER of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation of 03.04.2008 No. ШС-6-3 / [email protected]

“ABOUT THE TRANSPORT TAX, THE TAX ON THE PROPERTY OF ORGANIZATIONS AND THE LAND TAX”

Clarified issues of the submission of declarations (tax calculations on advance payments) for transport tax, property tax of organizations and land tax.

Letters of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation were sent to the territorial tax authorities for use in the work, stating that the obligation to submit tax returns (tax calculations of advance payments) for transport and land tax was established in relation to persons recognized as payers of these taxes (i.e. such an obligation arises in the presence of an object of taxation). Regarding the property tax of organizations, it is indicated that organizations are recognized as taxpayers of this tax regardless of the presence or absence of an object of taxation. Consequently, all taxpayers are required to submit tax reporting, regardless of the fact that the property of such organizations is not recognized as an object of taxation.

Education. Scientific activity

PROGRAM OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCHES OF STATE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES FOR 2008-2012

(approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 27, 2008 No. 233-r)

A program of fundamental scientific research of state academies of sciences for 2008-2012 has been developed.

The program is developed in accordance with the Federal Law of 08.23.1996

No. 127-ФЗ “On Science and the State Scientific and Technical Policy”. It is indicated that the objectives of the Program are: expanding and deepening knowledge about nature, man and society to increase the efficiency of using the potential of domestic fundamental science in the interests of socio-economic development and strengthening the security of the Russian Federation; increasing the international prestige of Russian fundamental science and the development of its personnel potential. In particular, the following were identified: tasks that must be solved to achieve the goals of the Program; basic principles of the program; principles of financial support for research carried out by organizations subordinate to state academies of sciences. The following are attached to the Program: table, which indicates the amount of allocations for the Academies of Sciences for the implementation of the Program; fundamental research plans of state academies of sciences for 2008 - 2012, as well as indicators of the effectiveness of these plans; tables showing the amount of allocations from the federal budget for the implementation of fundamental research plans of state academies of sciences.

CONCEPT OF THE FEDERAL TARGET PROGRAM “SCIENTIFIC AND SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL PERSONNEL OF INNOVATIVE RUSSIA” FOR 2009-2013

(approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04.04.2008 No. 440-r)

The Government of the Russian Federation has developed the Concept of the federal target program "Scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel of innovative Russia" for 2009 - 2013.

The aim of the Program is to create conditions for the effective reproduction of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel and to consolidate youth in the field of science, education and high technology, and to preserve the continuity of generations in this area. To achieve this goal, it is assumed, in particular, to create conditions for improving the quality of the scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff, an effective system of motivation for scientific work; creating a system of mechanisms for updating scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel. The state customer - coordinator of the Program is determined by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The maximum (forecast) amount of financing the Program at the expense of the federal budget is 68390 million rubles.

ORDER of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 01.04.2008 No. 106

“ON AMENDMENTS TO THE INSTRUCTIONS ON THE PROCEDURE FOR ISSUING DOCUMENTS OF THE STATE SAMPLE ON HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, COMPLETION AND STORAGE OF THE APPROPRIATE FORM OF DOCUMENTS”

Registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 14, 2008 No. 11531.

The instruction on the procedure for issuing state-standard documents on higher professional education, filling out and storing the corresponding forms of documents is supplemented by a new provision.

It has been established that persons enrolled in higher education under the educational programs of higher professional education in bachelor's degree programs, specialist training programs and master's programs by August 31, 2009 and who completed it in these educational programs will be issued state-standard documents on higher professional education, which are approved by the Decree of the State University of the Russian Federation of November 30, 1994 No. 9.

ORDER of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of March 12, 2008 No. 91

“ABOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE REGULATIONS OF THE INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMISSION ON THE QUESTIONS OF SUPPORT AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALL-RUSSIAN CHILDREN CENTERS”

It is registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 09.04.2008 No. 11477.

The activities of the Interdepartmental Commission for Support and Development of All-Russian Children's Centers are regulated by the approved regulation.

The named commission is a coordinating body formed to ensure coordinated actions of federal executive bodies, youth and children's public associations, other organizations on the territory of which there are infrastructure facilities of the All-Russian children’s centers “Orlenok”, “Ocean”, the federal children’s center “Smena” and the federal State institution "International Children's Center" for the support and development of these centers.