"The Captain's Daughter" is a growing-up novel. This is the story of the growing up of Pyotr Grinev, who transforms from a "green" youth into a responsible man, having gone through severe life trials. He had a chance to take a direct part in the Pugachev uprising, and all his principles were thoroughly tested. He passed it, retaining his dignity and remaining faithful to the oath. The narration is conducted in the form of memoirs, and the hero himself sums up life from the height of his own experience.

Many readers think that "The Captain's Daughter" is just a story, but they are mistaken: a work of such volume cannot belong to small prose. But whether it is a story or a novel is an open question.

The writer himself lived at a time when only those multivolume works that were comparable in volume to Anna Karenina, for example, or to the Noble Nest, were considered full-fledged large epic genres, so he undoubtedly called his creation a story. In Soviet literary criticism, it was also thought so.

However, the work has all the hallmarks of a novel: the action covers a long period of time in the life of the heroes, in the book there are many minor characters, described in detail and not directly related to the main storyline, throughout the narrative the characters undergo spiritual evolution. In addition, the author shows all stages of Grinev's maturation, which also clearly indicates the genre. That is, before us is a typical historical novel, since the writer, while working on it, took as a basis facts from the past and the scientific research that he undertook to understand the phenomenon of the peasant war and convey it to descendants in the form of objective knowledge.

But this is not the end of the mystery, it is necessary to decide what kind of direction stands at the origins of the work "The Captain's Daughter": realism or romanticism? Pushkin's colleagues, in particular Gogol and Odoevsky, argued that his book influenced the development of realism in Russia more than anyone else. However, in favor of romanticism is the fact that historical material is taken as a basis, and the focus of the reader's attention is on the contradictory and tragic personality of the rebel Pugachev - exactly like a romantic hero. Therefore, both answers will be correct, because after the successful literary discovery of the sun of Russian poetry, Russia was overwhelmed by the fashion for prose, moreover, a realistic one.

History of creation

In part Pushkin was inspired by Walter Scott, the master of the historical novel, to create The Captain's Daughter. His creations began to be translated, and the Russian public was delighted with the adventurous stories and mysterious immersion in another era. Then the writer was just working on the chronicle of the uprising, a scientific work dedicated to the peasant revolt of Pugachev. He has accumulated a lot of useful material for the implementation of the artistic plan to reveal to the reader a storehouse of eventful Russian history.

At first, he planned to describe precisely the betrayal of a Russian nobleman, and not a moral feat. The author wanted to focus on the personality of Emelyan Pugachev, and at the same time to show the motives of the officer who broke the oath and joined the riot. The prototype would be Mikhail Shvanvich, a real person who, out of fear for his fate, was in the office of the rebel, and then also testified against him. However, for censorship reasons, the book could hardly have been published, so the writer had to step on the throat of his own song and portray a more patriotic plot, especially since he had enough historical examples of valor. But the negative example came in handy to create the image of Shvabrin.

The book was published a month before the death of the author in his own magazine "Contemporary", published on behalf of Grinev. Many noted that the manner of narration of that time of the trowel was conveyed by the writer, so many readers were confused and did not understand who the true creator of the memoirs was. By the way, the censorship nevertheless took its toll, withdrawing from public access the chapter on the peasant revolt in the Simbirsk province, where Peter himself was from.

The meaning of the name

The work, oddly enough, is not titled in honor of Grinev or Pugachev, so you can't tell right away what it is about. The novel is called "The Captain's Daughter" in honor of Maria Mirova, the main character of the book. Pushkin, thus, pays tribute to the courage of the girl, which no one expected from her. She dared to ask the Empress herself for the traitor! And she begged forgiveness for her savior.

In addition, this story is also called so because Marya was the driving force of the narrative. Out of love for her, the young man always chose a feat. Until she took over all his thoughts, he was pitiful: he did not want to serve, gambled large sums of money at cards, behaved arrogantly with the servant. As soon as a sincere feeling awakened courage, nobility and boldness in him, the reader did not recognize Petrusha: he turned from an ignoramus into a responsible and brave man, to whom patriotism and awareness of his own “I” came through strong emotions addressed to a woman.

Historical background

The events in the work took place during the reign of Catherine II. The historical phenomenon in the novel "The Captain's Daughter" is called "Pugachevism" (this phenomenon was studied by Pushkin). This is Yemelyan Pugachev's rebellion against the tsarist government. It happened in the 18th century. The actions described take place in the Belgorod fortress, where the rebel was going, gaining strength to storm the capital.

The peasant war of 1773-1775 unfolded in the southeast of the Russian Empire. Serfs and factory peasants, representatives of national minorities (Kyrgyz, Bashkirs) and Ural Cossacks took part in it. All of them were outraged by the predatory policies of the ruling elite and the increasing enslavement of the common people. People who did not agree with the fate of the slaves fled to the outskirts of the country and formed armed gangs with the aim of plundering. Runaway "souls" were already outside the law, so they had no choice. The author reflects on their tragic fate, portraying the leader of the uprising, not devoid of virtue and commendable character traits.

But Catherine the Second demonstrates a tough disposition and remarkable cruelty. The Empress, according to historians, was indeed a strong-willed nature, but did not shy away from petty tyranny and other delights of absolute power. Her policy strengthened the nobility, granting him all sorts of privileges, but the common people were forced to bear the burden of these benefits. The royal court lived on a grand scale, and not noble people starved, endured violence and humiliation of the slave situation, lost, sold under the hammer. Naturally, social tension only grew, and Catherine did not enjoy popular love. The foreign woman was involved in a conspiracy and, with the help of the military, overthrew her husband, the rightful ruler of Russia. The serfs, hammered in the grip of injustice, believed that the murdered Peter the Third was preparing a decree on their release, and his wife killed him for this. Superstition and rumors were used by Emelyan Pugachev, the Don Cossack, who declared himself the escaped king. He spurred the discontent of the armed Cossacks, whose petitions no one listened to, and inspired the peasants, tortured by tyranny and corvee, to revolt.

What is the work about?

We get acquainted with Petrusha, an ignoramus, who can only "reasonably judge the properties of a greyhound dog." All his aspirations are in the "dust-free service" in St. Petersburg. However, we see that the father has a huge influence on the young man. He teaches his son to serve the fatherland, to preserve the traditions of the family, not to attach great importance to awards. Having received such a strict education, the young man goes to serve. That which is told in his "tale of bitter torment" is the plot of the work. The fact is that we learn all this from the lips of the venerable old nobleman, which Peter became.

There, far from his father's house, the hero goes through a harsh school of life: first he plays cards and offends his faithful servant, experiencing pangs of conscience. Later, he falls in love with Maria Mironova and risks his life in a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of his beloved. The father, having learned about the reason for the fight, refuses the blessing for marriage with a dowry woman. After the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Peter remains faithful to the oath, and the nobility bestows upon him the condescension of Pugachev: he respects the choice of the young man and does not touch him. The rebel's decision was influenced by the kindness of the prisoner: once on the way he gave the Cossack a sheepskin coat and treated him very friendly. The common man appreciated the gentleman's mercy and responded with service to service. Pushkin confronts them more than once, and the nobleman is always rescued by his directness and generosity.

This was not the end of his trials: life put him before a choice between saving his beloved and serving, the good name of an officer. Then the hero chooses love and does not obey the order of the chief, freeing his beloved on his own from Shvabrin's hands. Alexey forced the girl to marry him. Pugachev again shows respect for the daredevil and releases the captive. However, the autocratic government does not forgive free will, and Grinev is arrested. Fortunately, Masha managed to beg a pardon from Catherine II. This is what is said in the novel "The Captain's Daughter", which ended with a happy ending: young people get married with the blessing they received. But now the leader of the uprising is sentenced to quartering.

The main characters and their characteristics

The main characters of the novel are Pyotr Grinev, Maria Mironova, Emelyan Pugachev, Arkhip Savelyev, Alesya Shvabrin and Ekaterina Vtoraya. The characters are so numerous that their description would take more than one article, so we neglect them.

1. - nobleman, officer, protagonist. Received a strict education in the house of his father, a retired military man. He is only 16 years old, but his parents thought he was ready for the service. He is poorly educated, does not particularly strive for anything, and does not in any way resemble the ideal man. Setting off on a journey, the young man bears little resemblance to a soldier: good-natured, gullible, unstable to temptations and not knowing life. He is spoiled, because at first he loses a significant amount at cards and does not understand why Savelich (his servant) emotionally reacts to this. He does not know the price of money, but he shows arrogance and rudeness towards a devoted servant. However, his innate conscientiousness does not allow him to continue to be carried away by garrison pity. Soon he seriously falls in love with the daughter of the fortress captain, and from that moment he begins to grow up: he becomes brave, courageous and courageous. For example, in a duel with Shvabrin, the young man fought honestly and bravely, unlike his opponent. Further, we see an ardent and passionate lover in his face, and after a while he is ready to risk his life for the sake of honor, refusing to swear allegiance to Pugachev. This act betrays in him a highly moral and firm person in his convictions. Later, he will show valor more than once, fighting the enemy, but when the fate of his beloved is at stake, he will neglect caution and start to save her. This betrays the depth of feeling in him. Even in imprisonment, Peter does not blame the woman and is ready to accept unfair punishment, so long as everything is fine with her. In addition, one cannot fail to note the self-criticism and maturity of judgments inherent in Grinev in old age.
2. Marya Mironova- the daughter of the fortress captain, the main character. She is 18 years old. Masha's appearance is described in detail: "... A girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy, with light-blond hair, smoothly combed behind her ears, came in here ...". In addition, it is mentioned that she is the owner of an "angelic" voice and a kind heart. Her family is poor, owns only one serf, so she cannot claim to marry Peter (who has 300 souls). But the young charming woman is distinguished by prudence, sensitivity and generosity, because she sincerely worries about the fate of her beloved. Naturalness and credulity make the heroine an easy prey for the wicked Shvabrin, who is trying to win her favor with meanness. But Marya is careful and not stupid, therefore she easily recognizes the falsity and depravity in Alexei and avoids him. She is also characterized by loyalty and courage: the girl does not betray her beloved and courageously travels to an unfamiliar city in order to achieve an audience with the empress herself.
3. Pugachev in the novel "The Captain's Daughter" appears before the readers in two guises: a brave and noble man, able to appreciate loyalty and honor, and a cruel tyrant, who without restraint arranges executions and reprisals. We understand that the rebel's message is noble, he wants to defend the rights of ordinary people. However, the way he fights lawlessness does not justify it in any way. Although we sympathize with Pugachev - decisive, courageous, intelligent - his cruelty makes us doubt the correctness of his path. In the episode of the first meeting, we see an intelligent and cunning voivode, in a dialogue with Grinev - an unhappy man who knows that he is doomed. The Kalmyk tale, told by Pugachev, reveals his attitude to life: he wants to live it freely, albeit for a short time. It is impossible not to note his personal qualities: he is a leader, the first among equals. They obey him unconditionally, and this corrupts his nature. For example, the scenes of the capture of the fortress demonstrate the cruelty of Pugachev's power, such despotism is unlikely to lead to freedom (the death of the Mironovs, the abduction of Masha, destruction). The idea of ​​the image: Pugachev is naturally endowed with a heightened sense of justice, intelligence and talent, but he does not pass the test of war and unlimited power: the people's choice has become the same tyrant as the empress, against whom he rebelled.
4. Catherine II... A sweet woman in a house dress turns into an unyielding ruler when she hears a request for a treason. Masha Mironova, at a reception with Catherine, tries to talk about the extenuating circumstances of Peter, but the empress does not want to hear reasonable arguments and evidence, she is only interested in her own opinion. She condemned the "traitor" without trial, which is very indicative of the autocratic government. That is, its monarchy is hardly better than the Pugachevism.
5. Alexey Shvabrin- the officer. Peter and Alexei, it would seem, are similar in their social status and age, but circumstances separate them on opposite sides of the barricades. After the very first test, Shvabrin, unlike Grinev, commits a moral fall, and the more rapidly the plot develops, the more obvious that Alexei is a vile and cowardly person who achieves everything in life with cunning and meanness. Features of his character are manifested in the course of a love conflict: he wins Masha's favor with hypocrisy, secretly slandering about her and her family. The capture of the fortress finally puts everything in its place: he was ready for betrayal (he found a peasant dress, cut his hair), and Grinev would rather prefer death to breaking the oath. The final disappointment in him comes when the hero tries to force the girl to marry him by force and blackmail.
6. Savelich (Arkhip Savelyev)- an elderly servant. He is kind, caring and devoted to the young master. It is his resourcefulness that helps Peter to avoid reprisals. Risking his life, the peasant defends the master and speaks with Pugachev himself. He is distinguished by thriftiness, a sober lifestyle, stubbornness and a tendency to read notations. He is incredulous, likes to grumble, argue and bargain. Knows the value of money and protects it for the owner.

Pushkin in the novel "The Captain's Daughter" gives a detailed description of the characters, giving the reader the opportunity to sort out his likes and dislikes for himself. There is no author's assessment of what is happening in the book, because one of the characters acts as a memoirist.

Theme of the story

• The themes of moral choice, decency, dignity come to the fore in the work. Grinev demonstrates high moral values, while Shvabrin demonstrates their absence, and we see the influence of these circumstances on their fates. So Pushkin shows that moral superiority always gives a person an advantage, although he disdains the cunning that would lead him to the goal faster. Despite the fact that Alesy used all his resourcefulness, the victory still remained with Peter: Mary remained with him, as a good name.
• Honor and dishonor. Each hero faced a choice between honor and dishonor, and everyone did it differently: Maria preferred devotion to a profitable marriage (Peter's father initially did not give consent to the marriage, so she risked staying in the old maidens, chasing Alexei away), Grinev decided more than once in favor of moral duty, even when it came to life and death, but Shvabrin always chose the benefit, he was not afraid of shame. We analyzed this issue in detail in the essay "".
• Education theme. The example of the protagonist will help you understand what good family education means, that is, what is lacking in decent people, and how it affects their lives. Shvabrin's childhood passed us by, but we can say with confidence that he did not receive the most important spiritual foundations on which nobility is built.
• The main themes include love: the union of Peter and Mary is ideal for loving hearts. Throughout the novel, the hero and heroine defended their right to live together, even against their parental will. They were able to prove that they were worthy of each other: Grinev repeatedly stood up for the girl, and she saved him from execution. The theme of love is revealed with the sensitivity characteristic of Pushkin: young people swear eternal loyalty to each other, even if fate never brings them together again. And they fulfill their obligations.
• Examples from "The Captain's Daughter" will be useful for the topics "man and state", "power and man". They illustrate the violent nature of power, which cannot but be brutal by definition.

Main problems

• The problem of power. Pushkin argues which government is better and why: anarchist, spontaneous Pugachevism or Catherine's monarchy? Obviously, the peasants preferred the first to the second, risking their own lives. The nobles, on the other hand, defended the order that was convenient for them. Social contradictions divided the single people into two opposing camps, and each, it turns out, has its own truth and its own charter. Historical issues also include questions about the justice of the rebellion, the moral assessment of its leader, the legality of the actions of the empress, etc.
• The problem of man and history. What role do historical events play in the fate of a person? Obviously, the rebellion put Peter in a difficult position: he was forced to test his character for strength. Surrounded by enemies, he did not betray his convictions and risked openly not to take their side. Certain death threatened him, but he preferred honor to life, and retained both. Pugachevshchina is the dark side of history, with the help of which Pushkin set off the fate of the characters. Even the title of the novel "The Captain's Daughter" speaks of this: the author named it after the fictional heroine, and not Pugachev or Catherine.
• The problem of growing up and raising a person. What does a person have to go through to become an adult? Thanks to the Pugachev rebellion, the young man matured early and became a real warrior, but the price of such an evolution can be called too expensive.
• The problem of moral choice. In the work there are antagonistic heroes Shvabrin and Grinev, who behave differently. One chooses betrayal for his own good, the other puts honor above personal interests. Why is their behavior so different? What influenced their moral formation? The author comes to the conclusion that the problem of immorality can only be solved individually: if morality is respected in the family, then all its representatives will follow their duty, and if not, then the person will not stand the test and will only grovel and cheat, and not protect honor.
• The problem of honor and duty. The hero sees his destiny in the service of the empress, but in reality it turns out that she is not expensive in the eyes of Catherine. And the duty, if you look at it, is very doubtful: while the people rebelled against the tyranny, the army helped to suppress it, and the question of the honor of participating in this violent act is very doubtful.
• One of the main problems of The Captain's Daughter is social inequality. It was it that stood between the citizens of one country and directed them at each other. Pugachev rebelled against him and, seeing Grinev's friendly gesture, spared him: he did not hate the nobles, but their arrogance towards the people who fed the entire state.

The meaning of the work

Any power is hostile to the common man, be it the imperial crown or military leaders. It always provides for the suppression of personality and a harsh regime that is contrary to human nature. “God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless,” sums up Pushkin. This is the main idea of ​​the work. Therefore, serving the fatherland and the king is not the same thing. Grinev honestly performed his duty, but he could not leave his beloved in the hands of a scoundrel, and his, in fact, heroic actions are regarded by the empress as a betrayal. If Peter had not done this, he would have already been serving, he would have become a weak-willed slave to a system that is alien to human life. Therefore, mere mortals, who are not given to change the course of history, need to maneuver between orders and their moral attitudes, otherwise the mistake will cost too much.

Beliefs determine a person's actions: Grinev was raised by a decent nobleman and behaved accordingly, but Shvabrin did not pass the test, his life values ​​were limited to the desire to win at any cost. In this, too, Pushkin's idea is felt - to show how to preserve honor, if temptations frolic from all sides. According to the author, it is necessary from childhood to instill in young men and women an understanding of morality and true nobility, expressed not in the panache of dress, but in dignified behavior.

Growing up of a person is inevitably associated with tests that determine his moral maturity. You shouldn't be afraid of them, you should overcome them with courage and dignity. This is also the main idea of ​​the novel "The Captain's Daughter". If Peter had remained a "connoisseur of greyhound cables" and an official in St. Petersburg, then his life would have been ordinary and, most likely, he would never have understood anything in it. But the adventures, which his stern father pushed him, quickly brought up a man in the young man who understood a lot about military affairs, love and the people around him.

What does it teach?

The novel has a pronounced edifying tone. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin urges people to preserve honor from their youth and not succumb to the temptations to turn from an honest path to a crooked path. The momentary advantage is not worth losing a good name, this statement is illustrated by a love triangle, where the main character chooses a worthy and virtuous Peter, and not a cunning and resourceful Alexei. One sin inevitably leads to another, and the succession of falls ends in complete collapse.

Also in "The Captain's Daughter" there is a message to loyally love and not give up your dream, no matter what happens. Marya is a dowry, and any marriage proposal should have been a great success in her case. However, she rejects Alexei over and over again, although she risks being left with nothing. Peter was refused an engagement, and he would hardly have gone against his parental blessing. But the girl dismissed all rational arguments and remained faithful to Grinev, even when there was no reason for hope. The same was true for her lover. For consistency, both heroes were rewarded by fate.

Criticism

VF Odoevsky in a letter to Pushkin expressed his admiration for the story, he especially liked Savelich and Pugachev - they are "masterfully drawn." However, he considered the image of Shvabrin unviable: he was not ardent and stupid enough to side with the rebels and believe in their success. In addition, he demanded marriage from the girl, although he could use her at any moment, since she was only a prisoner: "Masha has been in his power for so long, but he does not use these minutes."

PA Katerinin calls the historical novel "natural, enticing and clever", noting its similarities with "Eugene Onegin".

VA Sollogub highly appreciated the restraint and consistency of the narrative, rejoicing that Pushkin “overcame himself” and did not embark on lengthy descriptions and “impulses”. He responded about the style of the work as follows: "calmly distributed all parts of his story in due proportion, confirmed his style with the dignity, calmness and laconicism of history and conveyed a historical episode in a simple but harmonious language." The critic believes that the writer has never been so exalted in the value of his books.

NV Gogol said that "The Captain's Daughter" is much better than anything that was published earlier in the world of prose. He said that reality itself seems to be a caricature in comparison with what the writer portrayed.

VG Belinsky was more restrained in his praises and singled out only minor characters, the description of which is “a miracle of perfection”. The primary characters did not make any impression on him: "The insignificant, colorless character of the hero of the story and his beloved Marya Ivanovna and the melodramatic character of Shvabrin, although they belong to the sharp shortcomings of the story, do not prevent it from being one of the remarkable works of Russian literature." PI Tchaikovsky also spoke about the spinelessness of Masha Mironova, who refused to write an opera based on this novel.

The analysis of the work was carried out by AM Skabichevsky, speaking of the book with unfailing respect: "... you see historical impartiality, the complete absence of any patriotic praise and sober realism ... in Pushkin's Captain's Daughter." He, unlike Bellinsky, praised the image of the protagonist and noted his exceptional truthfulness and typical features for the era depicted.

The critic N.N. Strakhov and the historian V.O. Klyuchevsky. The first criticized Pushkin for the fact that his historical tale has nothing to do with history, but is a chronicle of the fictional Grinev family. The second, on the contrary, spoke about the exceptional historicism of the book and about the fact that even in the author's studies less is said about the Pugachevism than in the historical work.

Interesting? Keep it on your wall!

As soon as I read the thematic direction for the final essay "Experience and Mistakes", a poem by the young A.S. Pushkin:

Oh, how many wonderful discoveries we have
Grants enlightenment spirit
And experience, son of difficult mistakes,
And a genius, a friend of paradoxes ...

How should one understand the lines of the great poet? In my opinion, experience is very good. But difficult, and possibly irreparable mistakes are very bad, even extremely bad. Do you need such experience? Rodion Raskolnikov, the main character of F.M. Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment killed the "worthless old woman" to test himself. And I could not live with the experience stemming from the crime. How can you avoid tragic, irreparable mistakes to gain experience?

Reason comes with teaching. It is no coincidence that the family and the state strive to educate the younger generation (preschool education - in kindergarten, secondary education - at school, higher education - at a university). It is interesting for me to follow the main character of A. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" Petrusha Grinev. Could Beaupré, an ignoramus, red tape and drunkard, give Petrusha a “spirit of enlightenment”? Alas! Already in the first days outside the home, the young man makes a serious mistake: he loses money. What did he know, what he saw, where could he get the experience, the right idea of ​​life? We can learn the whole world from books. In the Grinyovs' house, only the calendar was read.

But with the heart, that is, with the education of feelings, morality, Peter Grinev is all right. His mother taught him to love, and the noble father taught him to “preserve honor from a young age”. This helped Peter to avoid tragic mistakes. Gratitude to the “counselor” in the form of a hare sheepskin coat saved his life. Selflessness during the release of Masha Mironova gave him love and happiness. Devotion to the oath and truthfulness conquered both the heart of the rebel Pugachev and the mind of the empress.

So experience is a treasure for life. And you can find this treasure only through work: to study and work on yourself. (294 words)

Can a person live without mistakes? I'll try to figure it out, but what is an error? It seems to me that a mistake is an unintentional deviation of a person from the right actions and deeds. The likelihood that a person will be able to live his life without making a single mistake is negligible, so it seems to me that a person simply cannot exist without mistakes, because in our world everything is so complicated that a person lives gaining experience not only from his mistakes, but also from strangers. No wonder they say: "Learn from mistakes."

Therefore, I think that mistakes are permissible in a person's life, the main thing is that the consequences of these mistakes can be eliminated.

Why do we make mistakes so often? It seems to me that all the same out of ignorance. But having made a mistake once, we must learn from it, so as not to make it again. It is not for nothing that the proverb says: "Whoever does not repent of his mistakes is more mistaken."

So, the main character of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev, being a young guy, made a mistake. When Petrusha was sixteen years old, his father decided to send his son to serve in the Belgorod Fortress. The path was not close, so his father sent Savelich with him, a man with whom the boy literally grew up. When Savelich left the boy alone, Petrusha's inexperience played a role. The boy, who had been under strict control all his life, felt free and did not refuse to drink with the man he met while wandering around the rooms. After a while, Petrusha already agreed to play billiards, where he lost a hundred rubles. Not knowing the measure, the young man got so drunk that he could hardly stand on his feet, offended Savelich, and the next morning he felt bad. By his act, the boy set up Savelich in front of his parents and reproached himself for this for a long time. Petrusha Grinev realized his mistake and did not commit it again.

However, there are mistakes. the price of which may be too high. Any ill-considered act, any incorrectly spoken word can lead to tragedy.

In Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita, such an irreparable mistake was made by the procurator Pontius Pilate, who killed the philosopher Yeshua Ha-Nozri. Yeshua preached to people the evil of power and was arrested for this. The Procurator examines Yeshua's case. After talking with the philosopher, Pilate believes that he is innocent, but still condemns him to death because he hopes that the local authorities will pardon the philosopher in honor of the Easter holiday. However, local authorities refuse to pardon Yeshua. Instead, they release another criminal. Pontius Pilate could free the wanderer, but he does not, for he is afraid of losing his position, afraid to seem frivolous. And for his crime the procurator is punished in the form of immortality. Pontius Pilate realized his mistake, but he can no longer change anything.

Summing up, I want to say that a person can still make mistakes, but these mistakes can be different. Some help to gain experience, but there are others that harm people. Therefore, in order not to make mistakes, you need to think several times before doing anything.

Cool! 26

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, is the protagonist of the story "The Captain's Daughter" by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

While reading the book, a series of events passes before us that clearly characterize the personality of Pyotr Grinev, allowing us to see the formation and formation of his inner world, views and foundations.

Grinev's character was influenced by his mother's upbringing, he adopted her kindness, sensitivity and even some gentleness. Little Petrusha lived with his father on the estate, where he received the usual, for that time, home education. He was taught first by the stirrup Savelich, and then by the French teacher Beaupre. However, he acquired the concepts of justice, honor and devotion, for the most part, not from his educators, but in the noisy company of his friends - the courtyard boys.

Peter developed a sense of reverence and respect for his parents. Therefore, when his father decided to send him to serve in Orenburg, and not in the long-desired Semenovsky regiment, Pyotr Grinev obediently fulfilled his will.

Thus, the young Pyotr Andreevich found himself in the Belogorsk fortress, where instead of the full splendor of Petersburg life, the village silence behind a log fence awaited him. But Grinev did not have to be upset for long. Unexpectedly for himself, he finds here a simple charm in communicating with kind, unpretentious people living in the fortress. It is in conversations with them that the best qualities of Pyotr Grinev are finally strengthened and formed.

To such a young and open person like Grinev, a high feeling could not fail. Peter Andreevich, fell in love with Masha Mironova, the adorable daughter of the commandant of the fortress. The subsequent duel with Shvabrin, who insulted Masha, ends with Grinev's injury and a ban on the marriage of lovers from the hero's father.

Lyrical events in the life of Pyotr Andreevich are interrupted by the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev. At this time, such qualities of Pyotr Grinev as honesty, straightforwardness and nobility, which previously seemed an unnecessary burden, now help to save life not only for himself, but also for Masha. The courage and courage of Grinev make an indelible impression on Pugachev, arousing sincere, genuine respect.

Everything that Grinev experienced made him increasingly think about the meaning of human life, allowed him to grow up. Throughout the story, we see the continuous development and growth of Peter Grinev. From a frivolous boy, Grinev imperceptibly grows into a self-asserting, seeking the meaning of existence, a young man and, in the end, a brave, decisive and mature man appears before us.

I think that the heightened sense of justice that the author put into the image of his hero seems so sincere only because nobility and protection of honor were very important for Pushkin himself. As well as his character, Alexander Sergeevich, subsequently defended the honor of his wife, challenging the offender to a duel. Therefore, Grinev's straightforwardness and inner dignity does not seem to be a literary exaggeration. This is the quality of a real, adult person.

Even more essays on the topic: "The Captain's Daughter"

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the main character of the story "The Captain's Daughter" by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

Peter lived on his father's estate and received the usual home education. He was brought up first by the stirrup Savelich, and then by the Frenchman Beaupre, and in his free time Peter spent with the courtyard boys.

Peter honored his parents and respected their wishes. When his father decided to send him to serve in Orenburg, Peter did not dare to disobey, although he really wanted to serve in St. Petersburg. Before his dear father, his father ordered Peter to serve faithfully and remember the proverb: "Take care of your dress again, but honor from your youth." Grinev remembered well the words of his father and faithfully served the empress.

Peter Grinev is very noble and honest. Having lost a hundred rubles to Zurin, he makes Savelich return the debt, considering it a duty of honor. And when Shvabrin insulted Masha, Peter did not hesitate to challenge him to a duel.

Grinev showed himself to be a Brave, brave and courageous person. When talking with Emelyan Pugachev, he did not lie to him, but directly said that he would not go over to his side, but if ordered, he would fight against Yemelyan's gang. Peter was not afraid to go to save Masha from Shvabrin, although he knew that he could be caught and killed. He risked his life making his way into the fortress, showed courage and ingenuity.

Grinev's kindness and generosity were very useful to him, because Pugachev remembered the gift and only because of this he pardoned him.

In the story, Pyotr Grinev is shown in development: first as a frivolous boy, then as a self-asserting youth, and finally, as an adult and determined man.

Source: sdamna5.ru

Pyotr Grinev is the main character of the story. He is 17 years old, he is a Russian nobleman who has just entered military service. One of the main qualities of Grinev is sincerity. He is sincere with the heroes of the novel and with the readers. Telling about his life, he did not seek to embellish it. On the eve of the duel with Shvabrin, he is agitated and does not hide it: "I confess, I did not have that composure that those who were in my position almost always boast about." He also directly and simply says to his condition before his conversation with Pugachev on the day he captured the Belogorsk fortress: "The reader can easily imagine that I was not completely cold-blooded." Grinev does not hide his negative actions (an incident in a tavern, during a storm, in a conversation with the Orenburg general). Gross mistakes are atoned for by his remorse (the case of Savelch).
Grinev's Duma has not yet hardened in military service, some he kept until the end of his life. He shuddered at the sight of the disfigured Bashkir captured while distributing the Pugachev leaflets. The singing of the Pugachevites makes a strong impression on him: “It is impossible to tell what effect this simple song about the gallows, sung by people doomed by the gallows, had on me. Their formidable faces, slender voices, dull expression, which they gave to words already expressive - everything shook me with some kind of poetic horror. "
Grinev was not a coward. He accepts the challenge to a duel without hesitation. He is one of the few to defend the Belogorsk fortress, when, despite the commandant's command, "the timid garrison does not move." He returns for the straggler Savelich.
These actions also characterize Grinev as a person capable of love. Grinev is not vindictive, he sincerely puts up with Shvabrin. Malevolence is not characteristic of him. Leaving the Belogorsk fortress, with Masha freed by order of Pugachev, he sees Shvabrin and turns away, not wanting to "triumph over the humiliated enemy."
A distinctive feature of Grinev is the habit of paying good for good with the ability to be grateful. He gives Pugachev his sheepskin coat, thanks for saving Masha.

Source: litra.ru

Pyotr Grinev is the main character in the story "The Captain's Daughter" by Alexander Pushkin. Before the reader goes through the entire life of the protagonist, the formation of his personality, reveals his attitude to the events taking place, of which he is a participant.

The kindness of the mother and the simplicity of life of the Grinev family developed gentleness and even sensitivity in Petrusha. He is eager to go to the Semenovsky regiment, where he was assigned from birth, but the dreams of Petersburg life were not destined to come true - the father decides to send his son to Orenburg.

And here is Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress. Instead of formidable, impregnable bastions - a village surrounded by a log fence, with huts covered with thatched. Instead of a stern, angry chief, there was a commandant, who went out for training in a cap and a dressing gown, Instead of a brave army, there were elderly invalids. Instead of a deadly weapon - an old gun clogged with debris. Life in the Belogorsk fortress reveals to the young men the beauty of the life of ordinary kind people, gives rise to the joy of communicating with them. “There was no other society in the fortress; but I didn’t want anything else, ”recalls Grinev, the author of the notes. It is not military service, not shows and parades that attract a young officer, but conversations with nice, ordinary people, literature studies, love experiences. It is here, in the "God-saved fortress", in the atmosphere of patriarchal life, that the best inclinations of Pyotr Grinev are strengthened. The young man fell in love with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress Masha Mironova. Belief in her feelings, sincerity and honesty became the reason for the duel between Grinev and Shvabrin: Shvabrin dared to laugh at the feelings of Masha and Peter. The duel ended unsuccessfully for the main character. During her recovery, Masha looked after Peter and this served to bring the two young people closer. However, their desire to get married was opposed by Grinev's father, who was angry with his son's duel and did not give his blessing for the marriage.

The quiet and measured life of the inhabitants of the distant fortress was interrupted by the Pugachev uprising. Participation in hostilities shook Peter Grinev, made him think about the meaning of human existence. The son of a retired major turned out to be an honest, decent, noble man, he was not afraid of the formidable appearance of the leader of the "gang of bandits and rioters", he dared to intercede for his beloved girl, who in one day became an orphan. Hatred and disgust for cruelty and inhumanity, humanity and kindness of Grinev allowed him not only to save his life and the life of Masha Mironova, but also to earn the respect of Emelyan Pugachev - the leader of the uprising, rebel, enemy.

Honesty, straightforwardness, loyalty to the oath, a sense of duty - these are the character traits that Pyotr Grinev acquired while serving in the Belogorsk fortress.

Source: otvet.mail.ru

The story "The Captain's Daughter" is a unique and interesting work by Alexander Pushkin, in which the author describes pure and sincere love that suddenly flared up and warmed hearts throughout the story.

Pyotr Grinev is the main character of the work. This is an honest, noble and kind person who was raised by his father.

Andrei Petrovich Grinev is a former military man with an open heart and a sincere soul. He does not want to be dependent on others and "beg" ranks. That is why his service ended quickly. He devoted himself entirely to raising a son and raised a noble man.

Adult Petya dreamed of a bright and interesting service in St. Petersburg, but the strict father chose a worthy place for him and sent him to serve near Orenburg. At parting, Andrei Petrovich said: "Take care of your dress again, but honor from a young age." Peter carried these cherished words throughout his life.

In Orenburg, young Grinev met his true love - a modest and shy girl Masha Mironova. The main character of the story lived in the family of a commandant, a brave and correct man, a loyal subject of Empress Catherine II.

The character of the father and the nobility of the nobleman are manifested more and more in Pyotr Andreyevich with age. I was especially impressed by the duel between Grinev and Shvabrin, an evil and mean age of Peter. Shvabrin publicly insulted Masha, and Grinev defended the girl's honor. As a result, Peter was wounded, and Shvabrin emerged victorious, but what a winner! This unfortunate coward stabbed from the back.

In the story "The Captain's Daughter" the image of Pyotr Grinev is one of the brightest and most memorable. This guy is not distinguished by a quirky mind and heroic strength, but he is open, sincere and naive. It is these qualities that make readers particularly sympathetic. He is not hypocritical and does not pretend, even when he is on the verge of death. This is how strength of character and true nobility is expressed.

Source: sochinenienatemu.com

The story in "The Captain's Daughter" by Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, who talks about his youth, plunged into the cycle of historical events. Grinev appears in the novel, therefore, both as a narrator and as one of the main characters of the events described.

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is a typical representative of the provincial Russian nobility of the second half of the 18th century. He was born and raised on the estate of his father, the landowner of the Simbirsk province. His childhood passed as it was with most of the poor provincial nobles of that time. From the age of five he was handed over to the serf uncle Savelich. Having won a letter in the twelfth year under the guidance of an uncle, Grinev comes under the supervision of Monsieur Beaupré, a French tutor, discharged from Moscow "along with a year's supply of wine and olive oil" and who turned out to be a bitter drunkard.

Describing his student years with good-natured humor, Grinev says: "I lived a small man, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the courtyard boys." It would, however, be a mistake to think that we are faced with an ignoramus like Mitrofanushka from Fonvizin's comedy. Grinev grew up as an intelligent and inquisitive teenager and later, having entered the service, writes poetry, reads French books and even tries his hand at translations.

A healthy family environment, simple and modest, had a decisive influence on the spiritual makeup of Grinev. Grinev's father, from the shuttered prime minister, who went through the harsh school of life, was a man of firm and honest views. Escorting his son to the army, he gives the following instructions: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; do not ask for service, do not refuse service; do not chase the boss's affection; take care of your dress again, but honor from a young age. " Grinev inherited a sense of honor and a sense of duty from his father.
The first steps in life of young Grinev reveal his youthful frivolity and inexperience. But the young man proved in his life that he had mastered the basic rule of his father's morality: "take care of honor from a young age." For two years Grinev has experienced many events: acquaintance with Pugachev, love for Marya Ivanovna, a duel with Shvabrin, illness; he almost dies when the fortress is captured by the troops of Pugachev, etc. Before our eyes, the character of the young man develops and grows stronger, and Grinev turns into a mature young man. A sense of honor and courage save him in the hardships of life. With fearless courage, he looks death in the eyes when Pugachev orders to hang him. All the positive aspects of his character are revealed: simplicity and non-depravity of nature, kindness, honesty, loyalty in love, etc. These properties of nature captivate Marya Ivanovna and cause sympathy on the part of Pugachev. Grinev emerges from life's trials with honor.

Grinev is not a hero in the usual sense of the word. This is an ordinary person, an average nobleman. This is a typical representative of those army officers who, in the words of the historian V.O. Klyuchevsky, "made our military history of the 18th century." Pushkin does not idealize him, does not put him in beautiful poses. Grinev remains a modest ordinary person, retaining all the features of a realistic image.

Source: biblioman.org

Initially, Pushkin wanted to write a novel dedicated only to the Pugachev movement, but the censorship would hardly have let him through. Therefore, the main plot line of the story is the service of a young nobleman for the good of the fatherland and his love for the daughter of the captain of the Belogorodskaya fortress. At the same time, another topic of Pugachevism, which so interested the author, is given. The second topic, undoubtedly, Pushkin devotes significantly fewer pages, but enough to reveal the essence of the peasant revolt and acquaint the reader with the leader of the peasants Yemelyan Pugachev. To make his image more reliable, the author needed a hero who personally knew Pugachev and who would subsequently speak out about what he saw. Such a hero was Pyotr Grinev, a nobleman, an honest, noble young man. What was needed was a nobleman, and precisely a noble one, in order to make what he told looked believable and believed him.

The childhood of Petrusha Grinev was no different from the childhood of other children of the local nobility. Through the lips of the hero himself, Pushkin speaks with irony about the customs of the old local nobility: “Mother was still a belly of me, as I was already enrolled in the Semyonovsky regiment as a sergeant ... that would be the end of it. "

The author also ironically speaks of Pyotr Grinev's studies: at the age of five, Savelich was assigned to the boy as an uncle, a courtyard who had been given such trust "for sober behavior." Thanks to Savelich, Petrusha had mastered literacy by the age of twelve and "could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog." The next step in training was the French discharged from Moscow "along with a one-year supply of wine and olive oil", Monsieur Beaupré, who was supposed to teach the boy "all sciences." However, due to the fact that the Frenchman was very fond of wine and the fair sex, Petrusha was left to himself. When the son reaches the age of seventeen, his father, filled with a sense of duty, sends Peter to serve for the good of the homeland.

The descriptions of the independent life of Pyotr Grinev are already devoid of irony. Left to himself and to the simple Russian peasant Savelich, the young man turned out to be a noble nobleman. Having lost out of inexperience at cards, Peter never succumbed to Savelich's persuasion to fall at the feet of the winner with a request to forgive the debt. He is ruled by honor: if you lose, give it back. The young man understands that he must be responsible for his actions.

The meeting with the “counselor” reveals in Petr Grinev such a purely Russian quality as generosity. Finding themselves in the steppe during a blizzard, Grinev and Savelich accidentally stumbled upon a man who knew the way. Then, already at the inn, Pyotr Grinev really wanted to thank this stranger. And he offered him his hare sheepskin coat, which, according to Savelich, cost a lot of money. At first glance, Grinev's act is a manifestation of youthful carelessness, but in fact it is a manifestation of the nobility of the soul, compassion for man.

Arriving at the service in the Belogorodskaya fortress, Pyotr Grinev fell in love with the daughter of the fortress captain Masha Mironova. Nobility and honor do not allow him to ignore the slander directed at his beloved by another nobleman, Alexei Shvabrin. The result of this is a duel that could cost Petr Grinev his life.

It is not in vain that the author introduces into the story an intelligent, well-read and at the same time vile and dishonorable Shvabrin, and also a nobleman. Comparing two young officers, Pushkin argues that high morality is not the lot of people of a separate class, and even more so it has nothing to do with education: noblemen can be scoundrels, and nobility can be a distinctive feature of an ordinary person, for example, Pugachev.

Did not force the Pushkin hero to betray the ideals of morality and the possibility of execution. He does not go to the enemy camp to save his life, he learned too well

the words spoken in parting words by the father: "Take care of your dress again, but honor from a young age." Chestin Grinev and in a conversation with Pugachev: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress Empress: I cannot serve you. " Moreover, to Pugachev's question whether Grinev could promise not to go against him if ordered, the young man answered with the same sincerity and directness: “How can I promise you this ... You know, it’s not my will: if they tell you to go against you, I’ll go , nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse the service when my service is needed? "

Grinev's sincerity struck Pugachev. Imbued with respect for the young man, he lets him go. Pugachev's conversation with Grinev is very important. On the one hand, he shows the nobility of a nobleman, on the other, the same quality of his opponent: only an equal can appreciate another person.

All the same nobility, as well as love and tender affection, do not allow Grinev to name Masha Mironova at the trial, but this could explain a lot in the story with Pugachev, save him from imprisonment.

The events in the story are presented on behalf of Grinev, who, many years later, talks about two years in his life, about his meeting with Pugachev. The narrator seeks to tell everything without exaggeration, objectively. Pugachev does not look like a beast in his eyes. And we believe him, we cannot help but believe: we know this man too well - noble, honest, just. And we think: who is this Pugachev really and what is it - Pugachevism?

Take care of honor from a young age ...

A.S. Pushkin

One of my favorite works of Russian classical literature is the story "The Captain's Daughter" by Alexander Pushkin. The writing of the story was preceded by many years of work by the author, who studied the history of the popular uprising led by Yemelyan Pugachev, listened to the songs and stories of his contemporaries. It turned out to be a wonderful piece of art, the main character of which is Pyotr Andreevich Grinev.

At the beginning of the story, this is an ignoramus, chasing pigeons with the courtyard boys, carefree living in the family of a landowner. Petrushenka was spoiled, did not seriously study science, but dreamed of serving in St. Petersburg. Contrary to his wishes, the father sends the young man not to the city on the Neva, but to the distant Orenburg province. The father, who served the Fatherland with faith and truth, wanted to see his son as a real man, and not a burner of life. Before leaving, Pyotr Grinev hears a parting word from his parent "to preserve honor from a young age."

Further events, described by A.S. Pushkin, are serious life trials that form the personality of the hero. He shows nobility and gratitude at the inn, generously rewarding the guide for his salvation in the blizzard steppe. Honor and dignity do not allow Pyotr Andreevich not to pay for the loss with Zurin. In the Belogorsk fortress, having met the family of Captain Mironov, Pyotr Andreevich became a welcome guest in the commandant's house, showing intelligence, respect and correctness. Falling in love with Masha Mironova, the young man goes to a duel with Shvarin, who defamed the name of his beloved. In a peaceful, distant fortress, we see how the hero changes, how he shows the best human qualities and wins our respect.

The peasant war led by Yemelyan Pugachev dramatically changed the lives of all participants in the events and put the young officer before a moral choice. When I read episodes of the story describing the behavior of the garrison after the fall of the Belogorsk fortress, I sincerely admired Grinev's courage and his decision not to swear allegiance to the impostor. He knew perfectly well that the gallows awaited him. But he could not betray the empress and intended to remain faithful to his military duty to the end. A hare's sheepskin coat, served to the guide at the inn, saved the life of a young officer. Pugachev did not execute him because he found out.

And from that moment on, a special relationship between Pugachev and Grinev begins. I think that the hero's moral qualities: courage, loyalty to military duty, decency, honesty - made it possible to win respect in the eyes of Emelyan Pugachev himself. The fugitive Cossack and the Russian officer, of course, could not become friends, but good relations arose between them. Pugachev, at the request of Peter Andreevich, saves Masha from Shvabrin and releases her. The hero is grateful to him for this, but refuses to swear allegiance. I am sure honesty, uncompromising, sincerity of the officer and bribed the impostor.

Having passed all the tests, risking his life, Pyotr Grinev did not stain his honor like Alexei Shvabrin. For that, I deeply respect him. He fulfilled his father's parting words and became a real Russian officer. In the story, A.S. Pushkin showed us how the personality of a young officer was formed, how his character was tempered, his views on life changed. Grinev, making mistakes, gained invaluable experience, which allowed him to become brave and courageous, capable of protecting both his homeland and his beloved. The author is proud of his hero and rewards him with personal happiness with Masha Mironova. It seems interesting to me that the story of the events comes from the face of the aged Pyotr Andreevich, who leaves notes to his descendants. The notes contain the thought expressed decades ago by his father: "Take care of honor from a young age!"

I consider the story "The Captain's Daughter" by Alexander Pushkin to be one of the works that are important and necessary for today's youth. We can find answers to many life questions in it. And the most important thing is to remember that honor must be protected from a young age!