Matryona lived all alone. Her husband Yefim disappeared in the war (but there was no funeral), and six children died very early. Matryona had only an adopted daughter, Cyrus. Nobody remembered Matryona. Everyone turned to her only for help, and the woman never refused to help. Nobody helped her. Matryona could not work: for several days she suffered from a strange illness. After Matryona's death, everyone was concerned about her inheritance. For the sake of appearance, people were crying at the coffin, presented themselves as close people. Matryona Vasilyevna was remembered not during her lifetime, but when she no longer needed it.

K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram"

Having left for Petersburg, Nastya left Katerina Ivanovna, her old mother, alone. The girl lived an interesting life, plunged into work. She did not think what it was like to be alone with her loved one, who was very far from her. Receiving letters from her mother, Nastya was glad that her mother was alive. Katerina Ivanovna's request to come angered the girl: she could not even imagine how she could quit her job for a few days. Only after receiving a telegram that her mother was dying did Nastya understand everything. She realized that she had doomed the only person who truly loved her to loneliness.

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"

The war made Andrei Sokolov lonely. A shell that hit the house killed his wife and daughters, and on the eve of victory, his son Anatoly was killed by a sniper's bullet. But the loss of loved ones did not kill his best qualities in the hero. Andrei Sokolov adopted Vanyushka, whose parents died during the war. Two lonely people found each other at the most difficult time for both of them.

Jack London "Martin Eden"

When Martin Eden was an ordinary sailor and was just starting his way to glory, no one believed in him. The young man was not taken seriously; his plans to become a writer were considered stupid dreams. Martin Eden soon became famous. But the works that made him famous were written long ago. However, only then people began to reach for the hero. Moreover, those who recently looked at him with disapproval. Money and fame made the hero a welcome guest in any home. But Martin Eden realized that he hadn't changed a bit since the time he was on his way to fame. Being famous, he turned out to be even more lonely, because the world around him began to seem disgusting to the hero.

After reading a lot of texts, we fished out the most popular problems related to old age. All of them will be useful in writing an essay for the exam in the Russian language. The arguments selected by us taking into account the specifics of the criteria form the basis of this work. All of them are available for download in table format at the end of the article.

1. A.S. Pushkin in his story "The Stationmaster" writes about Samson Vyrin, who was abandoned by his daughter Dunya, having left with a young officer. The old man missed her very much and wanted to take care of her, but the kidnapper of his daughter simply pushed the arriving parent out the door. Some time after the death of the caretaker, some lady came to the grave site with three children and lay there for a long time. After that, she gave a penny to the son of the brewer, who took her there, and left. It was the same Dunya who could not get along with the idea that with her indifference she ruined the grandfather of her children
2. KG Paustovsky in his story "Telegram" writes about an elderly woman Katerina Petrovna from the distant village of Zaborie. She had only one daughter, who lived in Leningrad, and they did not see each other for three years. The old woman did not want to interfere, so she almost did not get in touch. The daughter only sometimes transferred money to her. Once Katerina Petrovna asked Nastya to come, but she did not have time: she was in the village only on the second day after the funeral. The daughter felt guilty before her mother for her lonely old age, and stealthily left the village so that no one could see.

The role of old age in human life

1. German writer Hermann Hesse wrote in his text "On Old Age" that old age is a new step in a person's life. According to the author, people should accept and acknowledge their old age. At this stage, you need to complete a large number of tasks, no less than at a young age. If a person shirks them and despises his old age, he will turn out to be an unworthy representative of this stage of life.
2. In the epic novel by Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace" there is an old prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky. Despite his advanced age, the hero of the work is full of vital energy. He constantly works: he writes memoirs, makes calculations from higher mathematics, takes care of the garden, monitors buildings. In addition, the prince is interested in what is happening in the field of politics and the military situation in Russia. Old age does not at all prevent Nikolai Bolkonsky from leading a busy lifestyle.

The problem of perception of old age

1. KG Paustovsky's story "The Old Chef" describes an elderly man who is seriously ill, and is fully aware of and accepts a quick death. He wants to confess before his death, but is unable to invite a priest. Therefore, instead of the worshiper, a simple passer-by comes. He forgives the sins of the old cook and even grants a wish. With the help of music, he helps the dying person see the past. The old man recognizes his name and calmly departs to another world.
2. MM. Prishvin in his story "The Old Mushroom" describes an old man who talked about old age. One day his friend was called an old mushroom, and he remembered how he went to the forest. There was a russula, from which the birds and the narrator himself drank after the rain. That is, this mushroom was beneficial, and later had to give seeds in order to give birth to offspring. The storyteller's companion was also useful despite his old age.

Disrespect for older generations

1. A. P. Chekhov in his play "The Cherry Orchard" tells about an old servant named Firs, who loved, respected his masters and served them all his long life. Once the residents of the house had to move. They were going to send the elderly man to the hospital, but this was far from their primary task. As a result, the gentlemen left, forgetting Firs alone in the boarded-up house. There he died.
2. In the novel, in verse by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" mentions the protagonist's uncle, who fell seriously ill and lay dying. Eugene courted him, but this was a burden to him, and to himself he thought about how exhausting such a pastime was. Onegin dreamed of the early death of the patient in order to quickly throw off the burden of responsibility and receive an inheritance. The author conveys the following thought of a young man: "What a base treachery to amuse a half-dead man." However, such thoughts give off cynicism and reveal the petty and selfish nature of the speaker. We, young and healthy, owe our lives and everything we have to these "half-dead" people.

Age mismatch

1. IA Bunin's story "Youth and Old Age" is about a Kurd who told a parable to a handsome Greek man. The main idea was that a person should perform only his functions, without wasting his life on earning wealth and protecting them. Then mentally he will remain young, and will be old only in body. Kurd argues that you need to maintain humanity and dignity in yourself, then you will not become grumpy with age.

The problem of loneliness has been relevant at all times. It also exists in the modern world. Of course, today people use the Internet and various means of communication that allow them to communicate infinitely. However, according to psychologists, the one who most often turns to social networks, more than others, feels a sense of loneliness, that is, the absence of a soul mate. Sometimes such a person comes up with some life events and stories. And this is all in order to attract attention to yourself. Often arises in those people who do not want to accept the society that surrounds them.

They oppose themselves to others, try in every possible way to protect themselves from the whole world and often go against generally accepted norms and traditions.

Child and loneliness

It is easier to agree with the existence of a problem when a person does not have family, friends and close people. However, situations are different. Sometimes a feeling of loneliness visits a person who is surrounded by relatives. Unfortunately, such a phenomenon exists, although it seems simply incredible.

So, there is a problem of loneliness of a child in the world of adults. The arguments given by psychologists indicate the danger of this phenomenon. After all, fears and emotions experienced at an early age have a strong influence on the formation of a personality, and, therefore, on a person's entire life. That is why adults should pay attention to the problem of their baby.

What are the reasons why a child becomes lonely? The most obvious of these is the lack of attention from those close to him. Often, adults are so absorbed in their worries and problems that they simply do not have enough free time for their child. Think about it, maybe such a situation has developed in your family? If so, then it requires immediate correction. And there is a weighty argument in favor of such a step. The problem of loneliness, according to psychologists, leads to the fact that children become withdrawn, oppressed and alienated. The child, left to himself for a long time, goes into the world of thoughts and fantasies created by him.

Loneliness at an early age can also be caused by the wrong parenting approach. Some dads and moms mistakenly believe that they know better than the child himself what he needs. At the same time, the interests of an unformed personality are ignored. You cannot put such pressure on a little person. And in this regard, psychologists have a weighty argument. The problem of loneliness that arose in the process of such upbringing can alienate the child from the parents, as it will gradually degenerate into a misunderstanding.

How to protect a child from loneliness?

The problem that has arisen requires immediate elimination. Of course, the ways to solve it are not easy, but they do exist. The constant efforts of people close to him will help drive away the feeling of loneliness from the child. The main assistant in this will be parental love. But it should be expressed not in material benefits, but in sincere sensitivity, care and participation in the life of the baby. You need to be constantly interested in the affairs of your child and not dismiss him when he invites you to play with him.

The problem of children's loneliness in literary works

Many writers and publicists raised the topic of lack of attention to the life and interests of a little person. They often talked about how the problem of loneliness arises. Arguments from the literature that can be given on this topic - the story of Pavel Sanaev - "Bury me behind the plinth." The main character of the work is the boy Sasha Savelyev. He tells readers about lost dreams and unfulfilled hopes due to the moral indifference of adults. The boy has no toys and no friends. All this is replaced by only a small mouse. When she is gone, Sasha will fully feel the loneliness of a child among adults.

The same feeling takes possession of the heroine of the story "Your Three Names" written by Dina Sabitova. This is a story about the terrible fate of a girl who went through a real hell of a half-starved, impoverished life, first in her own family, and then in an orphanage and with foster parents.

Male loneliness

Often, representatives of the strong half of humanity do not have any attachments and close ties. Some men consider this condition to be the norm. Is it so? To understand this issue, it is necessary to consider what is the argument given by psychologists in opposition to this.

The problem of loneliness, according to experts, may lie in a man's inadequate self-esteem. Such a person simply leaves the relationship with the people around him. He is afraid of criticism of his abilities and talents, which will bring him pain.

The reason for a man's loneliness can be the lack of communication skills in communicating with others. Often, this immaturity is based on shyness, which arose from psychological trauma in childhood or adolescence.

The reason may be the presence of social phobia. The roots of this phenomenon lie deep and lie in the imposition of an adult opinion on the boy. For example, the beginning of a visit to kindergarten when the child is mentally unprepared. This causes fear and leads to the desire to spend time alone, away from other children.

The reason for the withdrawal of a man can be psychopathology, expressed in depression, autism, schizophrenia, and a tendency to alcoholism. The problem of loneliness also arises in those young guys who have a strong emotional attachment to their mother. However, not only as a result of underdevelopment or a person does not contact with the world around him. As a direct opposite of everything that has been said above, another, quite weighty argument can be cited. The problem of loneliness sometimes becomes an element of spiritual growth. Here we are talking about the pinnacle of human development.

The theme of the loneliness of a man in literary works

The feeling of lack of affection haunts many representatives of the strong half of humanity. Numerous arguments that are directly related to the problem of human loneliness are found in the works of domestic and foreign writers. There are books that are literally permeated with this feeling, and among them are the works of Marquez.

In many works of this author, the problem of loneliness is raised. Arguments from literature belonging to the pen of Marquez - the hero of his novel "The Stranger". In addition, Albert Camus wrote about loneliness, as did Truman Capote ("Breakfast at Teffany's") and Hermann Hesse ("Demian"). In these works, loneliness is a special canvas of life, with hopes and anguish woven into it, alienation and solitude, internal conflicts and contradiction.

A weighty argument to the problem of the loneliness of a person who has chosen the path of service is L. Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. In this work, the image of the great commander Kutuzov appears before us. He saves the country and spares the lives of the soldiers, giving Moscow away without a fight. The main task that the commander-in-chief sets himself is to rid Russia of enemies with minimal losses for his army. However, the official authorities have a different opinion. She wants to achieve fame at any cost. As a result, the author raises the problem of human tragic loneliness. The arguments for it are the resignation, and then the premature death of the great commander. This is the price to pay for the decision.

In many works of Russian writers, the problem of loneliness was raised. Arguments from the literature on this issue - the hero of A. Pushkin Eugene Onegin. At first glance, he could be attributed to a socially active person. Onegin was gladly received in And the hero got real pleasure from leading such an idle life. However, at the end of the novel, Onegin concludes for himself that he has always been "a stranger to everyone ...".

What other works raise the problem of loneliness? Arguments from the literature can be given as follows:

1. I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons". Its main character Bazarov is lonely both in love and in friendship and views.
2. The novel by Y. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time". In it, the image of Pechorin is a multifaceted loneliness, both lyrical and civil, as well as universal.
3. Comedy by A. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". Her hero, Alexander Chatsky, experiences loneliness, finding no support for his thoughts in society. He perceives his situation as a personal tragedy.

Female loneliness

Complaints about this condition can often be heard from the fairer sex. Moreover, the topic of such loneliness worries, as a rule, it is women themselves. Unfortunately, even married ladies or those who have a love relationship can experience this feeling.

What are the origins of this problem? Psychologists explain its presence:

Complexes and insecurity when women compare themselves to beauties from the covers of glossy magazines;

Stereotypes when ladies believe that men only love blondes, marry bitches, etc.;

Lack of meaningfulness in finding a partner.

But be that as it may, psychology concerns, as a rule, the absence of a beloved man nearby. Even those divorced girls who have children speak of this feeling. They project their state onto the baby, saying: "Nobody needs us." The desire of a woman to have a family is inherent in nature itself. Little girls already in kindergarten begin to play mothers and daughters, cook soup in a plastic pot and swaddle dolls. At the same time, they dream of a handsome husband and a luxurious white veil.

However, it is such that, even wearing a wedding ring on her hand, a representative of the weaker sex can feel lonely. This is often explained by the fact that many families live as if by inertia, and spouses are not interested in each other's moods and thoughts. Often there is a situation when a woman lovingly prepares dinner for her husband, receiving a "thank you" on duty in return.

Sometimes ladies themselves doom themselves to loneliness after an unsuccessful romance. They painfully experience the situation, experiencing humiliation. And here the problem of overcoming loneliness arises. The arguments given by psychologists indicate that it needs to be addressed. Otherwise, the woman will become even more unhappy than she was before. She will be hindered from creating new relationships by the fear of her prejudice that all men are evil.

The theme of loneliness of women in literary works

AI Solzhenitsyn tells about the life of a simple Russian collective farmer in his story "Matrenin's Dvor". This is a lonely woman who lost her husband at the front and buried her six children. Matryona Vasilievna, that is the name of the main character of the story, alone struggles with the hardships of life. She, who has work experience at the state farm, is not paid a pension. She was unable to obtain payments for the loss of a breadwinner. However, Matryona did not lose her human feelings. She readily responds to someone else's misfortune and continues to carry the cross of the keeper of the hearth.

Woman's loneliness is shown very vividly in L. Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina. This work is about the breakdown of relations between the main character and all spheres of life. Here, the author also highlights the problem of the influence of loneliness on a person. The arguments in favor of the fact that the love of Vronsky and Anna is doomed to failure are obvious. Alienation of society and its rejection of feelings that have arisen, contrary to the morality of secular circles. A young and cheerful woman at the beginning of the novel is eventually driven to complete despair and dies under the wheels of a train.

Loneliness of elderly people

The problem of lack of demand, the appearance of a feeling of abandonment and misunderstanding on the part of young people often accompanies the elderly. This is compounded by the fact that they also experience a lack of support and care from the state. But often this is the problem of the loneliness of a person who has devoted himself to others. The arguments in favor of the need to solve it are the social aspects of the issue.

What are the reasons for the appearance of loneliness in old age? This is the absence of relatives and children or living separately from them. It is not easy for the old people to endure the death of a spouse. The Russian state is characterized by another problem of loneliness of elderly people. Arguments for the retreat of the elderly are financial helplessness and the inability to cope with household and hygienic issues.

Loneliness of the elderly in literary works

The story of KG Paustovsky "Telegram" tells about the life of an old village woman. Its main character, Ekaterina Ivanovna, had to experience loneliness, despite the fact that she has a daughter, Nastya. The author raises the problem of loneliness of old people. The arguments confirming her existence are the recognition of the main character of her uselessness, because her daughter has not visited her for four years. This leads to the fact that the old woman lives out her days all alone.

The same problem was raised by A.S. Pushkin. In his story "The Stationmaster", he showed how terrible the picture of the loneliness of an old man is. The hero of the story, Samson Vyrin, was abandoned by his daughter, who followed her beloved.

N.V. Gogol convincingly showed us how loneliness changes a person. The hero of his novel "Dead Souls" Plyushkin himself removed his children from himself. He was afraid that they would ruin him. Plyushkin's loneliness resulted in personality degradation.

One of the problems of residents of big cities

A huge crowd of people in megacities does not allow people to meet often and does not dispose to close spiritual communication. Everyone is in a hurry and running about their business, often not paying attention to whoever is nearby. Women and men live as if by inertia. However, a certain moment comes, and each of them understands that loneliness has come, because there is no one nearby. You can find a description of this state in many literary works. There is it in the novel by FM Dostoevsky "White Nights". In it, the author raises the problem of loneliness of people in big cities. The arguments confirming the existence of such a situation are the mismatch of interests and the total separation of people. In the center of FM Dostoevsky's narration is the story of a lonely Dreamer. On his path in life, he met a girl Nastenka. The dreamer falls in love with her and with her help he tries to get out of the "dungeon" of loneliness.

However, Nastenka loves another and remains true to her feelings. She apologizes for her betrayal in a letter written to Dreamer. He forgives the girl, but, continuing to love her, remains lonely in a cold city that does not understand him.

please help me in Russian. Arguments on the problem of loneliness from liter, life, journalism, etc. and got the best answer

Answer from Nata [guru]
the problem of loneliness has always been relevant, and many authors of literary works have always turned to this topic with interest.
For example, the theme of loneliness in M. Yu. Lermontov. Difficult childhood, lonely adult life - everything left an imprint on the poet's work, found its way out in it. Contemporaries describe Lermontov as an introverted, harsh person. Perhaps he was this way due to the fact that he met few people on his way who met his high intellectual and moral requirements, perhaps for a number of other reasons. But loneliness is clearly read in every poem by Lermontov, his gloomy motives are replacing the life-affirming poetry of A.S. Pushkin. But from the amount of grief and loneliness, his poems do not cease to bewitch, they do not cease to be liked.
"Loneliness"
How terrible is the life of this shackle
We are alone to drag out.
Share the fun - everyone is ready:
Nobody wants to share the sadness.
Alone I am here, like the king of the air,
Suffering in the heart is cramped
And I see how obedient to fate,
Years go by like dreams;
And again they come, gilded,
But the same old dream
And I see a secluded coffin,
He is waiting; why linger above the ground?
No one will break about that,
And there will be (I'm sure of that)
Have more fun about death,
Than about my birth ...
Lermontov's "Demon" is the embodiment of absolute loneliness. However, he did not seek it himself, he sought unlimited freedom. his image evokes sympathy and regret, he is human and sublime. the demon is lonely against his will, he suffers from his heavy, like a curse, loneliness and is full of longing for spiritual closeness. Cast down from heaven and declared an enemy of the celestials, he could not become his own in the underworld and did not become close to people.
Loneliness on the Net is one of the brightest and most interesting books about loneliness. TO
The heroes of his book meet on the Internet, in chats, spend a lot of time talking, and exchange stories from life, fantasies that can confuse many. And then they meet in reality, in Paris, and here the story of a real relationship begins. The heroes go through many trials, the main one of which is the meeting itself .... "Of all that is eternal, love has the shortest time." , -said the author, and probably he is right. But there are exceptions to any rule that confirm it. One should hope for such exceptions, moreover, feel free to believe in them. No other way.

(1) It's autumn in Moscow, and the velvet season in Koktebel.

(2) Although times are different, but now it is good in the Crimea. (3) Along the embankment there are continuous birdhouse shops with a bright patchwork of labels and wrappers, cafes, barbecue, snack bars. (4) But the main thing remained - the sea, sky, mountains, steppe; their silence, the murmur of the waves, the rustle of the grass - in a word, the main thing.

(5) And in the evenings - a noisy embankment, from a veranda shaded with wild grapes to the Voloshin Museum. (6) Walking, talking, hustling. (7) Amusing trinkets on the parapet and trays. (8) You will consider something, buy something - for yourself or your family and friends as a gift.

(9) Everything is glorious. (10) And only an elderly woman with bouquets of wormwood disturbed me. (11) She was so out of place and by her appearance - a shabby coat, a dark scarf, old age - and her miserable, useless bouquets. (12) In the evenings, she hunched over and sat alone on a bench on the very edge of the embankment. (13) She was superfluous at this autumn, but still a holiday on the seashore.

(14) On the very first day, of course, I bought a bunch of wormwood from her, after hearing: "Hang it on the wall and it will smell so good!" (15) I bought it, as if I paid a debt. (16) But it didn't make it any easier! (17) Of course, she didn’t come here from a good life. (18) Sits, then slowly wanders home in the darkness. (19) My old mother usually, the sun does not go down yet, she is already going to bed. (20) She says she is tired. (21) After all, I was really tired: such a long life. (22) And such a long summer day is for an old man.

(23) Old people ... (24) How many of them are now with outstretched hand!

(25) And this lonely old woman on the waterfront! (26) Apparently, she does not want to beg for alms. (27) Although they would give her a lot more than she would help out for her miserable dry twigs. (28) But he does not want to ask. (29) Sits ...

(30) A day passed, another, third. (31) Sunny days, warm sea, blue sky, bright flower beds of orange velvet flowers and fragrant petunias, green trees also made me happy. (32) In Moscow, it is slushy, cold and even snow has passed, but here it is a gentle summer. (33) In the afternoon, it’s good, in the evening it’s nice to walk along the embankment, stand on the pier near the fishermen.

(34) And every evening there was an old woman sitting alone beside bouquets of dry wormwood.

(35) But one day, going out to the embankment, I saw that next to the old woman, on her bench, a couple was sitting: a bearded man - on the edge of the bench, on flight, peacefully smoking, and his wife vividly talking with the old woman. (36) Dry bunch - in hand, some words about the benefits of wormwood and all other plants. (37) And conversations "about benefits" are very attractive.

(38) Near the old woman, near her bouquets, having heard something "about the benefits", they began to stop. (39) The day is running out, no worries. (40) It's time to talk about the benefits. (41) They talk and, I see, they buy. (42) It's a pretty penny deal.

(43) I looked, was glad, and slowly wandered my way.

(44) But my soul somehow became calm. (45) After all, it was so alarming to see her loneliness, as if a splinter had pierced her heart.

(46) The next evening - the same picture: women are talking, a bearded man calmly smokes next to him. (47) I hear that the old woman is already called by her first name and patronymic. (48) So we met. (49) This is good.

(50) One of the last evenings I saw both an old woman with dried flowers and her new friends. (51) The latter apparently left. (52) The man was writing something down on a piece of paper. (53) Probably the address.

(54) The next day - thunderstorm, downpour, then drizzling. (55) I went out in the evening - no one. (56) And the old women, of course, not.

(57) But then, on that last my Crimean evening, and now, far from Koktebel, I remember the old woman without bitterness and sorrow. (58) There were good people, sat next to her, talked. (59) What else does an old man need? (60) Now she hibernates and waits for spring. (61) Like all of us sinners, we wait for warmth, whether heavenly or earthly. (62) Anyone to help.

(according to B.P. Ekimov *)

* Boris Petrovich Ekimov (born in 1938) - Russian prose writer and publicist.

Show full text

In our vast world, people sometimes feel useless, forgotten. The elderly feel it especially strongly. What does a lonely elderly person need? It is on this question that B.P. Ekimov ponders and raises the problem of lonely old age.

The author reveals the problem by talking about "a hunched over elderly woman with bouquets of wormwood." Every day, she traded "her pathetic, useless bouquets", sitting on the noisy embankment completely alone. Yekimov draws our attention to how many old people are now "with outstretched hand", but not all are ready to beg. The publicist notes that "somehow it became calm in my soul" when he noticed how an elderly woman repeatedly talked with a married couple, with whom she apparently exchanged addresses. Boris Petrovich answers the question of many - old people, like us young people, need warmth and communication.

One cannot but agree with the opinion of the author. Indeed, everyone has the power to make a person of advanced age happy. It is enough just to inquire about their health, mood - be it their own grandmother or a woman selling wormwood.

The problem of lonely old age is also highlighted in fiction. The main character of the story "Telegram" by K. Paustovsky is Katerina Ivanovna, an old woman

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