Municipal educational institution

Beloyarsk secondary school

Literature section

Maria Sudakova Vladimirovna

Head: Luzanova Elena Valentinovna

teacher of Russian language and literature

Bely Yar, 2010

code___________________

Literature section

The image of Masha Mironova in the story "The Captain's Daughter" by A.S. Pushkin

introduction

1. The image of the captain's daughter

2. The character of Masha Mironova

3. Evolution of the image of Masha Mironova

conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction. About Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter"

Historical works of fiction - one of the ways to master the specific historical content of a particular era. Any historical work is cognitive. But the main purpose of historical prose is not so much the recreation of the past as an attempt to connect the past and the present, to “embrace” the movement of history, to look into the future.

Our job is relevant, because interest in Pushkin's work has not waned for more than two hundred years, and each time researchers find new sources for creating a particular literary image.

Writers from different eras have turned to the past for different reasons. For example, romantics who do not find an ideal in the present have looked for it in the past. Realist writers in the past have tried to find answers to the questions of our time. And this way of finding the truth remains relevant to this day. Modern man is still worried about philosophical problems: what are good and evil? How does the past affect the future? What is the meaning of human life? Therefore, the appeal of the modern reader to historical prose is natural.

A work that arouses not only interest in a certain historical era, but also love for the work of A.S. Pushkin in general, is his novel "The Captain's Daughter", where the main historical event is the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev.

The idea of ​​a historical story from the Pugachev uprising arose in Pushkin under the influence of the social situation of the early 1830s. But why did the famous writer give his story exactly that? Indeed, the story is based on historical facts, and, in the opinion of many researchers, the development of relations between Grinev and Pugachev, a nobleman and a peasant tsar, occupies a central place. Throughout the story, the path of development of P.A. Grineva. We see how the protagonist is changing, the inner man in man is being discovered. But what or who influences these changes in the hero's inner world? Undoubtedly, these are both historical events and the first sincere love awakened by a simple girl, the captain's daughter. Who is she? Who is this captain's daughter? And here we would like to dwell in more detail on the image of Masha Mironova.

purpose of work: to trace all the changes that have occurred with Masha Mironova, to explain their reason.

Work tasks: 1. Refer to the content of Alexander Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", and specifically, to the image of Masha Mironova.

2. To study the reviews of critics about Misha Mironova as a literary heroine.

This topic has not been sufficiently studied in the critical literature, and therefore the idea arose to develop this topic.

The material for the study was the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

We assume that the image of Masha Mironova has undergone significant changes throughout the story.

2. The image of the captain's daughter.

Pushkin uses laconicism when portraying the main character. “A girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy, with light-blond hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, came in, and her ears were on fire,” - this is how Pushkin describes the daughter of Captain Mironov. If you think about it, she was not a beauty, but also not ugly. We can note that the heroine is shy, modest, blushes every minute and is always silent. We can say that Masha "does not like it at first", "does not make any impression" on Grinev. But one cannot judge by the first impression, especially since Grinev's opinion about Masha soon changes. “Marya Ivanovna soon ceased to be shy with me. We met. I found in her prudent and sensitive girl ", - we read in Pushkin. What do the highlighted words mean? “Prudence is prudence, deliberation in actions. Sensitive - having an increased susceptibility to external influences ”, - we read in the Ozhegov dictionary.

The reader guesses that in the soul of Grinev, some kind of feeling awakens ... And only in Chapter 5 does Pushkin openly call us this feeling - love. Let's pay attention to Masha's concern for Grinev during her illness after the fight with Shvabrin. The simplicity and integrity of her feelings, the naturalness of its manifestation remain unnoticed, and for modern young people they are not understandable: after all, Masha and Grineva are connected only spiritual connection. During his illness, Grinev realizes that he loves Masha and makes a marriage proposal. But the girl does not promise him anything, but chastely makes it clear that she also loves Pyotr Andreyevich. As you know, Grinev's parents do not consent to the marriage of their son with the captain's daughter, and Marya Ivanovna refuses to marry Grinev, sacrificing her love for the sake of her beloved. According to researcher A.S. Degozhskaya, the heroine of the story was "brought up in patriarchal conditions: in the old days, marriage without parental consent was considered a sin." Captain Mironov's daughter knows “that Pyotr Grinev’s father is a man of tough disposition,” and he will not forgive his son for marrying against his will. Masha does not want to hurt her beloved, to interfere with his happiness and agreement with his parents. This is how the firmness of her character, sacrifice is manifested. We have no doubt that it is hard for Masha, but for the sake of her beloved she is ready to give up her happiness.

2. The character of Masha Mironova

After the hostilities and the death of her parents, Masha is left alone in the Belogorsk fortress. It is here that the firmness, decisiveness of character, the inflexibility of her will is revealed to us. The villain Shvabrin puts the girl in a punishment cell, not letting anyone in to the prisoner, giving her only bread and water. All these tortures were necessary to obtain consent to marriage, since Marya Ivanovna voluntarily did not agree. In her heart there was and is only one person - this is Grinev. And in the days of trials, in the days of losing hope of uniting with Petrusha and in the face of danger, and perhaps even death itself, Marya Ivanovna retains her presence of mind and unshakable fortitude, she does not lose the strength of faith. Before us is no longer a shy, fearful coward, but a brave girl, firm in her convictions. She faces death, but she hates Shvabrin. Who would have thought that Masha, the former quiet girl, could have thrown such words: "I will never be his wife: I had better decided to die and die if they do not deliver me."

Masha is a man of strong will. Hard trials fall to her lot, and she withstands them with honor. And here's another one. Grinev is taken to prison. And this modest, shy girl, left without parents, considers it her moral duty to save Grinev. Marya Ivanovna goes to Petersburg. In a conversation with the empress, she confesses: "I have come to ask for mercy, not justice." According to D. Blagogo, during Masha's meeting with the empress “the character of the captain’s daughter is really revealed to us, a simple Russian girl, in essence, without any education, who, however, found in herself at the necessary moment enough“ mind and heart ”, fortitude and unyielding determination to justify his innocent bridegroom. "

Masha Mironova is one of those heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", in which, according to Gogol, "the simple greatness of ordinary people" was embodied. Despite the fact that Masha Mironova was stamped with a different time, a different environment, a backwater where she grew up and formed, she became a bearer of those character traits in Pushkin that are organic to the indigenous nature of a Russian woman. Characters like her are free from ecstatic heat, from ambitious impulses to self-sacrifice, but they always serve man and the triumph of truth and humanity. "Delight is short-lived, fickle, and therefore not in power to produce true great perfection," wrote Pushkin. Thus, the captain's daughter - Masha Mironova - in Pushkin's work deserves to take a place next to Tatyana Larina, who has become the embodiment of simple but distinctively natural features of the national female character.

Pushkin reveals the complex contradictions that arise between political and ethical collisions in the fates of his heroes. What is fair from the point of view of the laws of the noble state turns out to be inhuman. But the ethics of the peasant uprising of the 18th century. revealed to Pushkin from a very cruel side. The complexity of Pushkin's thought is reflected in the construction of the novel. The composition of the novel is built exclusively symmetrically. At first Masha finds herself in trouble: the harsh laws of the peasant revolution ruin her family and threaten her happiness. Grinev goes to the peasant tsar and rescues his bride. Then Grinev finds himself in trouble, the reason for which this time lies in the laws of the noble statehood. Masha goes to the noble queen and saves the life of her fiancé.

4. The evolution of the character of Masha Mironova

At the beginning of the work, a timid, timid girl appears before us, about whom her mother says that she is a “coward”. A dowry woman who only has that “a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money”. Over time, the character of Marya Ivanovna, “a prudent and sensitive girl”, is revealed to readers. She is capable of deep and sincere love, but her innate nobility does not allow her to compromise her principles. She is ready to give up personal happiness, because there is no parental blessing for it. “No, Pyotr Andreevich,” answered Masha, “I will not marry you without the blessing of your parents. Without their blessing, you will not be happy. Let us submit to the will of God. ” But the surrounding life changes dramatically, the “rebels of the villain Pugachev” come to the fortress, and Masha’s position also changes. From the daughter of the captain, she becomes a prisoner of Shvabrin. It would seem that a weak and timid girl must submit to the will of her tormentor. But Masha shows here features that have still lived in her latently. She is ready to die, just not to become the wife of Alexei Ivanovich.

Rescued by Pugachev and Grinev, Marya Ivanovna is gradually regaining her lost balance. But here's a new test: Grinev is put on trial as a traitor. Only she can prove his innocence. Marya Ivanovna finds the strength and determination to go to the Empress's court to seek protection. Now in these fragile hands the fate of a loved one, a guarantee of future happiness. And we see that in this girl she had enough determination, resourcefulness and intelligence to save Grinev, to restore justice.

Thus, throughout the novel, the character of this girl gradually changes.

conclusions

The composition of the novel is built exclusively symmetrically. At first Masha finds herself in trouble: the harsh laws of the peasant revolution ruin her family and threaten her happiness. Grinev goes to the peasant tsar and rescues his bride. Then Grinev finds himself in trouble, the reason for which this time lies in the laws of the noble statehood. Masha goes to the noble queen and saves the life of her fiancé.

Masha Mironova is one of those heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", in which, according to Gogol, "the simple greatness of ordinary people" was embodied. Masha is a man of strong will. From a timid, wordless "coward" she grows into a bold and decisive heroine, able to defend her right to happiness. That is why the novel is named "The Captain's Daughter" after her. She is a true heroine. Her best features will develop and appear in the heroines of Tolstoy and Turgenev, Nekrasov and Ostrovsky.

Bibliography.

1.D.D. Good. From Cantemir to the present day. 2 volume. - M .: "Fiction", 1973

2. A.S. Degozhskaya. The story of A.S. Pushkin's "Captain's Daughter" in school studies. - M .: "Education", 1971

3. Yu.M. Lotman. At the school of the poetic word. Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol. - M .: "Education", 1988

4. N.N. Petrunin. Pushkin's prose (paths of evolution). - Leningrad: "SCIENCE", 1987

A.S. Degozhskaya. The story of A.S. Pushkin's "Captain's Daughter" in school studies. - M .: "Education", 1971

D.D. Good. From Cantemir to the present day. 2 volume. - M .: "Fiction", 1973

The novel "The Captain's Daughter" is a mature and one of the best works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. The novel creates a broad panorama of events on the eve and during the peasant war led by Pugachev. The heroic time gave birth to selfless characters. I would like to dwell on the image of Marya Ivanovna Mironova, to trace all the changes that have occurred to her, to explain their reason.

At the beginning of the work, a timid, timid girl appears before us, about whom her mother says that she is a “coward”. A dowry woman who only has that “a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money”. Over time, the character of Marya Ivanovna, “a prudent and sensitive girl”, is revealed to readers. She is capable of deep and sincere love, but her innate nobility does not allow her to compromise her principles. She is ready to give up personal happiness, because there is no parental blessing for it. “No, Pyotr Andreevich,” answered Masha, “I will not marry you without the blessing of your parents. Without their blessing, you will not be happy. Let us submit to the will of God. ” But the surrounding life changes dramatically, the “rebels of the villain Pugachev” come to the fortress, and Masha’s position also changes. From the daughter of the captain, she becomes a prisoner of Shvabrin. It would seem that a weak and timid girl must submit to the will of her tormentor. But Masha shows here features that have still lived in her latently. She is ready to die, just not to become the wife of Alexei Ivanovich.

Rescued by Pugachev and Grinev, Marya Ivanovna is gradually regaining her lost balance. But here's a new test: Grinev is put on trial as a traitor. Only she can prove his innocence. Marya Ivanovna finds the strength and determination to go to the Empress's court to seek protection. Now in these fragile hands the fate of a loved one, a guarantee of future happiness. And we see that in this girl she had enough determination, resourcefulness and intelligence to save Grinev, to restore justice.

Thus, throughout the novel, the character of this girl gradually changes. From a timid, wordless "coward" she grows into a bold and decisive heroine, able to defend her right to happiness. That is why the novel is named "The Captain's Daughter" after her. She is a true heroine. Her best features will develop and appear in the heroines of Tolstoy and Turgenev, Nekrasov and Ostrovsky.

Masha Mironova is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. This is an ordinary Russian girl, "chubby, ruddy, with light blond hair." By nature, she was cowardly: she was afraid even of a rifle shot. Masha lived rather isolated, lonely; there were no suitors in their village. Her mother, Vasilisa Yegorovna, said about her: "Masha; a maid of marriageable age, and what kind of dowry does she have? - a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money, with what to go to the bathhouse. Well, if there is a kind person; otherwise sit to myself in girls as an eternal bride. "

Having met Grinev, Masha fell in love with him. After Shvabrin's quarrel with Grinev, she told about Shvabrin's proposal to become his wife. Masha, of course, refused this offer: "Alexey Ivanovich, of course, is a smart man, and has a good name, and has a fortune; but when I think about it, it will be necessary to kiss him under the aisle in front of everyone. No way! Not for any well-being! ! " Masha, who had not dreamed of fabulous wealth, did not want to get married of convenience.

In a duel with Shvabrin, Grinev was seriously wounded and lay unconscious for several days. All these days Masha looked after him. Having regained consciousness, Grinev confesses his love to her, after which "she, without any pretense, confessed to Grinev her heartfelt inclination and said that her parents would be glad of her happiness." But Masha did not want to get married without the blessing of his parents. Grinev did not receive the blessing, and Masha immediately moved away from him, although it was very difficult for her to do this, since her feelings were still strong.

After the seizure of the fortress by Pugachev, Masha's parents were executed, and the priest hid her in her house. Shvabrin, having intimidated the priest with the priest, took Masha and put him under lock and key, forcing her to marry him. Fortunately, she manages to send a letter to Grinev with a request for release: “God was pleased to suddenly deprive me of my father and mother: I have neither relatives nor patrons on earth. ready to help a person ... "

Grinev did not leave her in difficult times and came with Pugachev. Masha had a conversation with Pugachev, from which he learned that Shvabrin was not her husband. She said: “He is not my husband. I will never be his wife! After these words, Pugachev understood everything: "Come out, red maiden; I will give you freedom." Masha saw in front of her a man who was the killer of her parents, and, along with this, her deliverer. And instead of words of gratitude, "she covered her face with both hands and fell unconscious."

Pugachev dismissed Grinev and Masha, saying at the same time: "Take your beauty; take her wherever you want, and God give you love and advice!" They went to Grinev's parents, but on the way Grinev stayed to fight in another fortress, and Masha and Savelich continued on their way. Grinev's parents received Masha well: “they saw the grace of God in the fact that they had the opportunity to shelter and caress a poor orphan. Soon they sincerely became attached to her, because it was impossible to recognize her and not love her. Grinev's love for Masha no longer seemed to his parents "an empty whim", they only wanted their son to marry the captain's daughter.

Soon Grinev was arrested. Masha was very worried, because she knew the real reason for the arrest and considered herself guilty of Grinev's misfortunes. "She hid her tears and sufferings from everyone, and meanwhile she constantly thought about means of how to save him."

Masha was going to go to St. Petersburg, telling Grinev's parents that "her whole future fate depends on this trip, that she is going to seek protection and help from strong people as the daughter of a man who suffered for her loyalty." In Tsarskoe Selo, walking in the garden, she met and got into conversation with a noble lady. Masha told her about Grinev, and the lady promised to help by talking to the Empress. Soon Masha was called to the palace. In the palace, she recognized the empress as the very lady with whom she had spoken in the garden. The Empress announced to her the release of Grinev, saying at the same time: "I am in debt to the daughter of Captain Mironov."

Masha Mironova is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. This is an ordinary Russian girl, "chubby, ruddy, with light blond hair." By nature, she was cowardly: she was afraid even of a rifle shot. Masha lived rather isolated, lonely; there were no suitors in their village. Her mother, Vasilisa Yegorovna, said about her: “Masha, a maid of marriageable age, and what is her dowry? - a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money, with what to go to the bathhouse. Well, if there is a kind person, and then sit yourself in girls as an eternal bride. "

Having met Grinev, Masha fell in love with him. After Shvabrin's quarrel with Grinev, she told about Shvabrin's proposal to become his wife. Masha, naturally, refused this offer: “Alexey Ivanovich, of course, is a smart man, and of a good name, and has a fortune; but as I think that it will be necessary to kiss him under the aisle in front of everyone. Never! No welfare! " Masha, who had not dreamed of fabulous wealth, did not want to get married of convenience.

In a duel with Shvabrin, Grinev was seriously wounded and lay unconscious for several days. All these days Masha looked after him. Having regained consciousness, Grinev confesses his love to her, after which “she, without any pretense, confessed to Grinev her heartfelt inclination and said that her parents would be glad of her happiness”. But Masha did not want to get married without the blessing of his parents. Grinev did not receive the blessing, and Masha immediately moved away from him, although it was very difficult for her to do this, since her feelings were still strong.

After the seizure of the fortress by Pugachev, Masha's parents were executed, and the priest hid her in her house. Shvabrin, having intimidated the priest with the priest, took Masha and put him under lock and key, forcing her to marry him. Fortunately, she manages to send a letter to Grinev with a request for release: “God was pleased to suddenly deprive me of my father and mother: I have neither relatives nor patrons on earth. I come running to you, knowing that you have always wished me well and that you are ready to help every person ... ”.

Grinev did not leave her in difficult times and came with Pugachev. Masha had a conversation with Pugachev, from which he learned that Shvabrin was not her husband. She said: “He is not my husband. I will never be his wife! I'd rather be determined to die, and I will die if they don't deliver me. " After these words, Pugachev understood everything: “Come out, red maiden; I give you freedom. " Masha saw in front of her a man who was the killer of her parents, and, along with this, her deliverer. And instead of words of gratitude, "she covered her face with both hands and fell unconscious."

Pugachev dismissed Grinev and Masha, saying at the same time: “Take your beauty for yourself; take her wherever you want, and God give you love and advice! " They went to Grinev's parents, but on the way Grinev stayed to fight in another fortress, and Masha and Savelich continued on their way. Grinev's parents welcomed Masha well: “they saw the blessing of God in the fact that they had the opportunity to shelter and caress a poor orphan. Soon they sincerely became attached to her, because it was impossible to recognize her and not love her ”. Grinev's love for Masha no longer seemed to his parents "an empty whim", they only wanted their son to marry the captain's daughter.

Soon Grinev was arrested. Masha was very worried, because she knew the real reason for the arrest and considered herself guilty of Grinev's misfortunes. “She hid her tears and sufferings from everyone, and meanwhile she constantly thought about means of how to save him.”

Masha was going to go to St. Petersburg, telling Grinev's parents that “her whole future fate depends on this trip, that she is going to seek protection and help from strong people as the daughter of a man who suffered for her loyalty.” In Tsarskoe Selo, walking in the garden, she met and got into conversation with a noble lady. Masha told her about Grinev, and the lady promised to help by talking to the Empress. Soon Masha was called to the palace. In the palace, she recognized the empress as the very lady with whom she had spoken in the garden. The Empress announced to her the release of Grinev, saying at the same time: "I am in debt to the daughter of Captain Mironov."

In Masha's meeting with the empress, the character of the captain's daughter is truly revealed - a simple Russian girl, cowardly by nature, without any education, who at the necessary moment found in herself enough strength, fortitude and unshakable determination to justify her innocent fiance ...

Pushkin began work on the novel "The Captain's Daughter" in early 1833. In the fall of 1836, the final processed text of the novel was submitted to the censorship and after a while was published in Sovremennik.

The idea of ​​"The Captain's Daughter" could have arisen when Pushkin was still writing "Dubrovsky". Here, too, it was supposed to talk about a nobleman who linked his fate with the rebellious people. However, we will talk about the wonderful feminine character of this work - about Masha Mironova.

Masha Mironova is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. This is an ordinary Russian girl, "chubby, ruddy, with light blond hair." By nature, she was cowardly: she was afraid even of a rifle shot. Masha lived rather isolated, lonely; there were no suitors in their village. Her mother, Vasilisa Yegorovna, said about her: “Masha; a maid of marriageable age, and what is her dowry? - a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money, with what to go to the bathhouse. Well, if there is a kind person; otherwise sit for yourself in girls as an eternal bride ”.

Having met Grinev, Masha fell in love with him. After Shvabrin's quarrel with Grinev, she told the latter about Shvabrin's proposal to become his wife. Masha, naturally, refused this offer: “Alexey Ivanovich, of course, is a smart man, and of a good name, and has a fortune; but as I think that it will be necessary to kiss him under the aisle in front of everyone. Never! No welfare! " Masha, who did not dream of fabulous wealth, did not want to get married of convenience.

In a duel with Shvabrin, Grinev was seriously wounded and lay unconscious for several days. All these days Masha looked after him. Having regained consciousness, Grinev confesses his love for her, after which "she, without any pretense, confessed to Grinev her heartfelt inclination and said that her parents would be glad of her happiness." But Masha did not want to get married without the blessing of his parents. Grinev did not receive the blessing, and Masha immediately moved away from him, although it was very difficult for her to do this, since her feelings were still very strong.

After the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, Masha's parents were executed, and the priest hid her in her house. Shvabrin, having intimidated the priest with the priest, took Masha and put him under lock and key, hoping thereby to get her consent to marry him. Fortunately, she manages to send a letter to Grinev with a request for release: “God was pleased to suddenly deprive me of my father and mother: I have neither relatives nor patrons on earth. I come running to you, knowing that you have always wished me well and that you are ready to help every person. "

Grinev did not leave her in difficult times and came with Pugachev. Masha had a conversation with Pugachev, from which he learned that Shvabrin was not her husband. She said: “He is not my husband. I will never be his wife! I am better<...>I will die if I am not delivered. " After these words, Pugachev understood everything: “Come out, red maiden; I give you will ”: Masha saw before her a man who was the killer of her parents, and, along with this, her deliverer. And instead of words of gratitude, "she covered her face with both hands and fell unconscious."

Pugachev dismissed Grinev and Masha, saying at the same time: “Take your beauty for yourself; take her wherever you want, and God give you love and advice! " They went to Grinev's parents, but on the way it happened that Grinev was forced to leave his beloved for a while (he fought in another fortress), and Masha and Savelich continued on their way. Grinev's parents received Masha well: “They saw the grace of God in the fact that they had the opportunity to shelter and caress a poor orphan. Soon they were sincerely attached to her, because it was impossible to recognize her and not love her. " Grinev's love for Masha no longer seemed to his parents "an empty whim", they only wanted their son to marry the captain's daughter.

Soon Grinev was arrested. Masha was very worried, because she knew the real reason for the arrest and considered herself guilty of all Grinev's misfortunes. “She hid her tears and sufferings from everyone, and meanwhile she constantly thought about means of how to save him.”

Masha was going to go to St. Petersburg, telling Grinev's parents that “her whole future fate depends on this trip, that she is going to seek protection and help from strong people as the daughter of a man who suffered for her loyalty”. In Tsarskoe Selo, walking in the garden, she met and got into conversation with a noble lady. Masha told her about Grinev, and the lady promised to help. Soon Masha was called to the palace. In the palace, she recognized the empress as the very lady with whom she had spoken in the garden. The Empress announced to her the release of Grinev, saying at the same time: "I am in debt to the daughter of Captain Mironov."

In Masha's meeting with the empress, the character of the captain's daughter is truly revealed - a simple Russian girl, cowardly by nature, as her own mother said, but who at the necessary moment found in herself enough strength, fortitude and uncompromising determination to justify her in nothing not the guilty groom.

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Russian writers

Masha Mironova the image and characteristics of the heroine in the story The Captain's Daughter

Plan

1. "Pushkin" heroine.

2. Masha Mironova. Characteristics and image in the story "The Captain's Daughter"

2.1. Masha and her parents.

2.2. The first love.

2.3. Firmness of spirit.

3. My attitude to the main character.

In his talented works, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin created the image of an ideal girl, to which he returned more than once, from novel to novel, from poem to poem. The standard of "Pushkin's" heroine was a meek and pretty young lady, a little romantic, a little dreamy, kind and simple, but at the same time full of inner fire and hidden strength. Such was Tatyana Larina, and such was Masha Mironova.

The girl spent her childhood and adolescence in the solitude of the Belogorodskaya fortress, in need and work. Her parents, though minor nobles, lived on one captain's salary. Therefore, they taught their daughter to a simple lifestyle and constant work. Masha, an eighteen-year-old young lady, did not shy away from helping her mother in the kitchen, cleaning the rooms, mending clothes. She did not receive a worthy education and upbringing, but acquired a more valuable and eternal one - a gentle heart, a kind disposition, spiritual beauty.

In the story, the girl appears before us as a respectful and polite daughter. She does not strive for balls and dresses, does not beg from her parents for a better, rich life. She is happy with what she has, she is very attached to her father and her mother and appreciates them. Masha knows that she dresses “simply and cute”, that she does not have a large dowry, which means that she is unlikely to be able to find a good match for herself. But that doesn't upset the main character. She does not cling to the first person she meets, who shows her attention. For the captain's daughter, sincere love and mutual sympathy is not an empty phrase. The girl refuses a rich gentleman, as she notices in him unfit character traits and low feelings. She is not ready to live with the unloved just because it will ensure her comfortable existence. “Whenever I think it will be necessary ... to kiss him. Never! No welfare! " - Masha explains her refusal in mental simplicity. And at the same time, the girl is capable of strong tender feelings.

Having met Grinev, she falls in love with him sincerely and ardently. This is not a fleeting feeling caused by momentary weakness or euphoria. Masha loves truly, selflessly. Feelings between the main characters do not immediately develop, the girl gradually begins to understand that she is carried away seriously and for a long time. Imperceptibly watching Grinev, noticing his positive qualities and habits, the captain's daughter begins to love with all her heart and with all her soul. But here, too, its deep moral foundation is visible. Without flirting, not playing with the feelings of a man, Masha “without any pretense” reciprocates the proposal of young Peter. Her love is pure and innocent, like herself. And although the girl is truly in love and “sensitive”, she values ​​her good name and unsullied honor.

The captain's daughter is also prudent and intelligent. She does not want to marry Grinev without the blessing of his parents and is even ready to return the promised word to him. “If you find yourself a betrothed, if you fall in love with another - God be with you, Pyotr Andreevich,” says Masha, crying, and later adds: “I will never forget you; until the grave, you alone will remain in my heart. " As you can see, the girl agrees to sacrifice her feelings for the well-being of the chosen one. In addition, she is ready to remain faithful and loyal to her beloved until her death.

But the best qualities of Marya Ivanovna are revealed to us during her terrible trials - the Pugachev rebellion. It was then that the main character shows those feelings and that strength of mind, which, it would seem, cannot be expected from her. Having lost her father and mother overnight, deprived of her freedom and her usual way of life, experiencing the betrayal of soldiers and going through the bullying of a cruel officer, the captain's daughter remained true to her principles and convictions, her concept of duty and honor. How much fortitude and courage she needed to survive the death of her beloved parents and her imprisonment. How much courage and courage it took a girl to resist Shvabrin's attempts to force her to marry him. Sick, destitute, starving, she steadfastly withstood the test of her love for the Motherland and for Grinev.

Much about Masha's character can be seen in the fact that she fell in love with Grinev's parents. The girl did not harbor anger at them because they did not immediately accept her as a daughter-in-law, did not torment them with lamentations and complaints. She behaved respectfully and meekly, so that soon the future father-in-law "became sincerely attached to her, since it was impossible to recognize her and not love her." Courage and moral strength were necessary for these people who fell in love with each other when they learned about the arrest of Grinev and the terrible sentence that was passed on him.

Special courage and stamina were required from Masha. She remained faithful to her beloved both in her grief and in his misfortune. She did not abandon him, did not doubt his honor, did not take advantage of his absence in order to find herself a better and richer groom. No, Maria Mironova boldly decided to take the initiative into her own hands and turn to the Empress herself for pardoning the convicted person. In this act, one can see firm determination, absolute independence and skillful enterprise of a young girl. She sincerely and clearly explains everything to the empress, and she grants forgiveness to the innocent.

Having gone through difficult difficulties and trials, Masha Mironova and Pyotr Grinev did not stop loving each other. Having got married, they lived happily ever after, in peace and harmony. I am amazed at the firmness of spirit and moral purity of the main character. Her humility and sanity, respectful attitude towards elders and unyielding steadfast spirit is an example and a model to follow. Those who possess such qualities and character traits, regardless of whether it is a man or a woman, will certainly be rewarded by fate. After all, true happiness and success must be earned and conquered.

(2)

The image of Masha (novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".)

Masha Mironova- the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. She is an ordinary Russian girl: "chubby, ruddy, with light blond hair, combed smoothly behind the ears." Timid and sensitive, she was afraid even of a rifle shot. In many ways, her shyness and embarrassment are caused by the fact that she lives rather closed. From the words of Vasilisa Yegorovna, we learn about the unenviable fate of the girl: "A maid of marriageable age, and what is her dowry?" Shvabrin is wooing her. But Masha responds with a refusal to Shvabrin's offer to become his wife. She cannot accept marriage to an unloved person. A marriage of convenience is unthinkable for her, even if she were in the most difficult situation.
Masha sincerely fell in love with Pyotr Grinev, but she would never agree to marry without the blessing of the groom's parents.
A bitter fate awaits the girl ahead: her parents were executed, and the priest hid her in her house. But Shvabrin took Masha by force and locked her up, forcing her to marry him. When the long-awaited salvation finally comes in the person of Pugachev, the girl is seized with conflicting feelings: she sees before her the killer of her parents and at the same time her deliverer. Instead of words of gratitude, she covered her face with both hands and fell unconscious.
Pugachev released Peter and Masha, and Grinev sent her to her parents, who received the girl well.
The character of Masha Mironova is vividly revealed after the arrest of Grinev. She was very worried, as she knew the real reason for the arrest and considered herself guilty of Grinev's misfortunes. Masha leaves for Petersburg. She is determined to achieve the release of her beloved, whatever the cost.
Having met by chance with the empress, but not yet knowing who this woman is, Masha openly tells her her story. It is in this meeting that the character of a modest and timid Russian girl without any education is truly revealed, who, however, has found in herself enough strength, fortitude and uncompromising determination to defend the truth and to justify her innocent groom.
Soon she was summoned to the courtyard, where they announced the release of Pyotr Andreevich.

The image of Masha Mironova was dear and close to the author. She personifies the ideal of a woman - with a pure, albeit a little naive soul, kind, sympathetic heart, faithful and capable of sincere love, for which she is ready to make any sacrifices, to commit the most daring deeds.

The image of Katerina (play by A. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm")
For the main heroine of the Ostrovsky play "The Thunderstorm" Katerina in life above all is truth and a deep sense of duty.
As a child, Katerina was surrounded by beauty and harmony, she lived among mother's love and fragrant nature. She lived with her mother in the village, went to wash with a spring, listened to the stories of the wanderers, then sat down to do some work, and so passed the whole day. The girl did not receive a good education .. Katerina had magical dreams in which she flew under the clouds. The act of a six-year-old girl contrasts strongly with such a quiet, happy life when Katya, offended by something, ran away from her house to the Volga in the evening, got into a boat and pushed off the shore! ...
We see that Katerina grew up a happy, romantic, but limited girl. She was very devout and passionately loving. She loved everything and everyone around her: nature, the sun, the church, her home with wanderers, the beggars whom she helped. But the most important thing about Katya is that she lived in her dreams, apart from the rest of the world. From all that exists, she chose only that which did not contradict her nature, the rest she did not want to notice and did not notice. Therefore, the girl saw angels in the sky, and for her the church was not an oppressive and oppressive force, but a place where everything is light, where you can dream. We can say that Katerina was naive and kind, brought up in a completely religious spirit. But if she met on her way what. contradicted her ideals, then she turned into a rebellious and stubborn nature and defended herself from that stranger, stranger, who boldly disturb her soul. This was the case with the boat. After marriage, Katya's life changed a lot. From a free, joyful, sublime world in which she felt her merger with nature, the girl found herself in a life full of deception, cruelty and omission.
Katerina did not marry Tikhon of her own free will: she didn’t love anyone at all and she didn’t care who to marry. The fact is that the girl was robbed of her old life, which she had created for herself. Katerina no longer feels such delight from attending church, she cannot do her usual things. Sad, disturbing thoughts do not allow her to calmly admire nature. Katya is left to endure, as long as she is, and to dream, but she can no longer live by her own thoughts, because the cruel reality brings her back to earth, where humiliation and suffering are. Katerina tries to find her happiness in her love for Tikhon, but sincere manifestations of this love are suppressed by Kabanikha: “What are you hanging around your neck, shameless woman? You don't say goodbye to your lover. " In Katerina, there is a strong sense of external obedience and duty, which is why she forces herself to love her unloved husband. Tikhon himself, due to the tyranny of his mother, cannot really love his wife, although he probably wants to. And when he, leaving for a while, leaves Katya to walk freely, the girl becomes completely lonely.
Why did Katerina fall in love with Boris? Perhaps the reason is that she lacked something clean in the stuffy atmosphere of Kabanikha's house. And love for Boris was this pure, did not allow Katerina to wither away completely, somehow supported her.
She went on a date with Boris because she felt like a person with pride and elementary rights. It was a rebellion against resignation to fate, against lawlessness. Katerina knew that she was committing a sin, but she also knew that it was still impossible to live further. She sacrificed the purity of her conscience to freedom and Boris.
And at this step, Katya already felt the approaching end and wanted to be satiated with love, knowing that there would be no other chance. On the very first date, Katerina said to Boris: "You ruined me." Sin hangs like a heavy stone on her heart. Katerina is terribly afraid of the impending thunderstorm, considering her a punishment for what she had done. Katerina was afraid of a thunderstorm ever since she began to think about Boris. For her pure soul, even the thought of love for a stranger is a sin. Katya cannot live on with her sin, and she considers repentance to be the only way to at least partially get rid of it. She confesses everything to her husband and Kabanikha. Katya is afraid of God, and her God lives in her, God is her conscience. The girl is tormented by two questions: how she will return home and look into the eyes of her husband, whom she cheated on, and how she will live with a stain on her conscience. The only way out of this situation, Katerina sees death.
Pursued by her sin, Katerina dies in order to save her soul.
Poor, innocent "bird imprisoned in a cage" could not withstand bondage - Katerina committed suicide. The girl still managed to "take off", she stepped from the high bank into the Volga, "spread her wings" and boldly went to the bottom.
By her act, Katerina resists the "dark kingdom".

Vedernikova Ekaterina

In the course of work on the project, the author examined the image of Maria Mironova from the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", traced all the changes that happened to the main character, explained their reason. The student also examined the reviews of critics about this literary work.

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MBOU TsO No. 44 named after G.K. Zhukova.

« "The image of Masha Mironova in the story of Alexander Pushkin" The Captain's Daughter "

Completed by a student of grade 8A

Vedernikova Ekaterina

Teacher

Solovieva Anna Dmitrievna

Tula

2017

purpose of work : to trace all the changes that have occurred with Masha Mironova, to explain their reason.
Work tasks : 1. The image of Masha Mironova.

2. Reviews of critics about Maria Mironova as a literary heroine.

Introduction

1. The image of the captain's daughter
2. The character of Masha Mironova
3. The evolution of the image of Masha Mironova

Conclusion

Introduction

Historical works of fiction - one of the ways of knowing a particular era. Any historical work is cognitive. The main purpose of a historical work is to try to connect the past and the present, to look into the future.

Our work is relevant, because interest in Pushkin's work has not waned for more than two hundred years, and each time researchers find new sources for creating a particular literary image. Writers of different eras for different reasons turned to the past, in the past they tried to find answers to the questions of the present. This way of finding the truth remains relevant to this day. Modern man is still worried about philosophical problems: what are good and evil? how does the past affect the future? what is the meaning of human life ?. Therefore, the appeal of the modern reader to historical prose is natural.

175 years ago, the magazine "Sovremennik" first published the story of Alexander Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The work is relevant to this day. It is called "the most Christian work of Russian literature."

The idea of ​​a historical story from the Pugachev uprising arose in Pushkin under the influence of the social situation of the early 1830s. The story is based on historical facts - the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev. When creating "The Captain's Daughter" Pushkin used a huge number of sources. On the basis of classified materials, he compiled a biography of the Pugachev ataman Ilya Aristov.

“In The Captain's Daughter, the story of the Pugachev rebellion, or the details about it, are somehow more vivid than in the story itself. In this story, you briefly acquaint yourself with the situation in Russia at this strange and terrible time. "P. A. Vyazemsky

Pushkin's story is dedicated to a major historical event, and the title does not seem to be associated with this event. Why is Masha Mironova becoming the title character? The choice of the name suggests that the image of Masha is very important, the author wanted to show how the fate of the heroes evolved in the cycle of historical events. Therefore, the author chooses her and Petrusha, and shows their characters in development, in the process of personality formation. The female images of A.S. Pushkin are almost an ideal, pure, innocent, lofty, spiritualized. The author treats this heroine with great warmth. Masha is a traditional Russian name, it emphasizes the simplicity, naturalness of the heroine. This girl does not have any original, outstanding features, the definition of "nice girl" fits her perfectly. And at the same time, this image is poetic, sublime and attractive. Masha Mironova is the embodiment of harmonious clarity. It exists in order to bring light, love into everything. This is a simple Russian girl with the most ordinary appearance, but this simplicity hides real moral wealth. In The Captain's Daughter, a love story and a fairy tale, the interests of the state, the class and the individual are closely intertwined. At the request of the censor PA Korsakov: "Did the maiden Mironova exist and was there really at the late Empress's?" Pushkin gave a written answer on October 25, 1836: “The name of the girl Mironova is fictitious. My novel is based on the legend, once heard by me, that one of the officers who betrayed their duty and went over to the Pugachev gangs was pardoned by the empress at the request of her elderly father, who threw himself at her feet. The novel, as you will see, has gone far from the truth. "

1. The image of the captain's daughter

Pushkin is laconic when portraying the main character. “A girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy, with light-blond hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, came in, and her ears were on fire,” - this is how Pushkin describes the daughter of Captain Mironov. She was not beautiful. It can be noted that the heroine is shy, modest and always silent. Masha at first does not make any impression on Grinev. But soon Grinev's opinion about Maria changes. “Marya Ivanovna soon ceased to be shy with me. We met. I found in her a sensible and sensible girl. " What do these words mean in Ozhegov's dictionary: “Prudence is prudence, deliberation in actions. Sensitive - having an increased susceptibility to external influences. "

We guess that in the soul of Grinev, some kind of feeling wakes up ... And in Chapter 5, Pushkin calls us this feeling - love. Let's pay attention to Masha's concern for Grinev during her illness after the fight with Shvabrin. The simplicity and naturalness of its manifestation go unnoticed by most readers. During his illness, Grinev realizes that he loves Masha and makes a marriage proposal. But the girl does not promise him anything, but makes it clear that she also loves Pyotr Andreyevich. Grinev's parents do not consent to the marriage of their son with the captain's daughter, and Maria refuses to marry Grinev, sacrificing her love. Researcher A.S. Degozhskaya claims that the heroine of the story was "brought up in patriarchal conditions: in the old days, marriage without parental consent was considered a sin." Captain Mironov's daughter knows “that Pyotr Grinev’s father is a man of tough disposition,” and he will not forgive his son for marrying against his will. Masha does not want to hurt her beloved, to interfere with his happiness and agreement with his parents. This is how the firmness of her character, sacrifice is manifested. We see that it is hard for Mary, but for the sake of her beloved she is ready to give up her happiness.

2. The character of Masha Mironova

After the hostilities and the death of her parents, Masha is left alone in the Belogorsk fortress. Here the decisiveness and firmness of her character is revealed to us. Shvabrin puts the girl in a punishment cell, not letting anyone in to the prisoner, giving her only bread and water. All this torture was necessary to obtain consent to marriage. In the days of trials and in the face of danger, Marya Ivanovna retains her presence of mind and unshakable fortitude, she does not lose the strength of faith. Maria is no longer a shy, fearful coward, but a brave girl, firm in her convictions. We could not have thought that Masha, the former quiet girl, said the following words: "I will never be his wife: I had better decided to die and die if they do not deliver me."

Maria Mironova is a person of strong will. Hard trials fall to her lot, and she withstands them with honor. When Grinev is taken to prison, this modest, shy girl, left without parents, considers it her duty to save him. Marya Ivanovna goes to Petersburg. In a conversation with the empress, she confesses: "I have come to ask for mercy, not justice." During Masha's meeting with the Empress, “the character of the captain's daughter is really revealed to us, a simple Russian girl, in essence, without any education, who, however, found in herself at the necessary moment enough“ mind and heart ”, firmness of spirit and unshakable determination, to justify his innocent bridegroom ”D. Blagoy.

Masha Mironova, one of those heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", in which, according to Gogol, "the simple greatness of ordinary people" was embodied. Despite the fact that Masha Mironova was stamped with a different time, a different environment, a backwater where she grew up and formed, she became a bearer of those character traits in Pushkin that are organic to the indigenous nature of a Russian woman. Characters like her are free from ecstatic heat, from ambitious impulses to self-sacrifice, but they always serve man and the triumph of truth and humanity. "Delight is short-lived, fickle, and therefore not in power to produce true great perfection," wrote Pushkin.

3.The evolution of the character of Masha Mironova

With great sympathy, Pushkin described the family of Captain Mironov. Pushkin shows that it was in such a family, patriarchal, kind-hearted, with a Christian attitude to people and the world, that a wonderful Russian girl Masha Mironova could grow up with her simple, pure heart, high moral requirements for life, with her courage.
At the beginning of the work, a timid, timid girl appears before us, about whom her mother says that she is a "coward". A dowry woman who only has that "a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money." Over time, the character of Mary is revealed to us. She is capable of deep and sincere love, but nobility does not allow her to compromise her principles. A.S. Pushkin subjects his heroine to the test of love, and she passes this test with honor. To achieve well-being, Masha had to endure many heavy blows: her beloved was wounded in a duel, then the groom's parents do not give their blessing for a legal marriage, her own parents die. The Pugachev revolt bursts into Masha's measured life. Ironically, this event, instead of separating the two lovers, brought them together.

Masha Mironova has a highly developed sense of duty and spiritual nobility. Her notion of duty develops into a notion of fidelity. Masha Mironova remained faithful to her heartfelt affection despite fear. She is her father's true daughter. Mironov in life was a gentle and good-natured person, but in an extreme situation he showed a decisiveness worthy of a Russian officer. Likewise Masha: she was timid and impressionable, but when it came to her honor, she was ready, like her father, to die rather than do anything contrary to her conscience. The tests that fell to the lot of Marya Ivanovna made her stronger. She was not broken by the death of her parents, the harassment of Shvabrin, the arrest of Grinev. Masha has grown up in these tests.
Thus, throughout the novel, the character of this girl gradually changes.
A.S. Pushkin makes his heroine suffer because he treats her with trepidation and tenderness. He knows that she will endure these sufferings, revealing in them the most beautiful sides of her soul. The spiritual qualities of Masha Mironova are wonderful: morality, faithfulness to the word, decisiveness, sincerity. And as a reward she gets a well-deserved happiness.

Conclusion
Meeting with Masha Mironovathroughout the entire work, one cannot but admire her responsiveness, her ability to compassion, love and forgive, her willingness to make any sacrifices and perform the most daring deeds for the sake of love and friendship. I am sure that the charming image of the captain's daughter, created by A.S. Pushkin, is a worthy example to follow in our days.
Masha Mironova is one of those heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", in which, according to Gogol, "the simple greatness of ordinary people" was embodied. Masha is a man of strong will. From a timid, wordless "coward" she grows into a bold and decisive heroine, able to defend her right to happiness. That is why the novel is named "The Captain's Daughter" after her. She is a true heroine. Her best features will develop and appear in the heroines of Tolstoy and Turgenev, Nekrasov and Ostrovsky.

“Reading Pushkin, we read the truth about Russian people, the complete truth and just about the complete truth about ourselves we hardly hear now, or we hear so rarely that they probably would not have believed Pushkin, had it not brought it out and put he before us these Russian people is so tangible and indisputable that it is absolutely impossible to doubt or dispute them. "

“And what a lovely Maria! Whatever it is, it belongs to the Russian epic about Pugachev. She incarnated with her, and shines on her with a gratifying and light shade. She is another Tatiana of the same poet. P.A. Vyazemsky. A.S. Pushkin, creating the image of Misha Mironova, put his soul, his love, his desire to see in a woman the embodiment of those high spiritual qualities that are so valued at all times. And Masha Mironova rightfully decorates the gallery of images of Russian women created by our classics.

A.S. Pushkin, creating the image of Misha Mironova, put his soul, his love, his desire to see in a woman the embodiment of those high spiritual qualities that are so valued at all times. And Masha Mironova rightfully decorates the gallery of images of Russian women created by our classics.

Bibliography:

1.D.D. Good. From Cantemir to the present day. 2 volume. - M .: "Fiction", 1973

2.D.D. Good. A novel about the leader of a popular uprising ("The Captain's Daughter" by A.S. Pushkin) // Tops. A book about the outstanding works of Russian literature. - M., 1978

3. Petrunina N.N. Pushkin's Prose: Ways of Evolution. - L., 1987

4. Pushkin in the memoirs of contemporaries: In 2 volumes. - M., 1985

5.Russian criticism about Pushkin. - M., 1998