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Alexey Peshkov was born on March 16, 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod. His father, Maksim Savvateevich Peshkov, was the manager of the Astrakhan office of the shipping company I. Kolchin. Mother, Varvara Vasilievna, nee Kashirina, was the daughter of a Nizhny Novgorod merchant. Grandfather, Vasily Kashirin, was a wealthy merchant, the foreman of the city dyeing shop. In the summer of 1871, Maksim Savvateevich dies of cholera. Varvara Vasilievna considered little Alexei to be the unwitting culprit of his death (the father became infected while nursing his son who had cholera). The mother gives Alexei to her father's family. Grandfather and grandmother, a great lover of folk tales, are taken for the upbringing of the future writer. From the age of six, the boy begins to be taught Church Slavonic literacy. Grandmother's room (M. Gorky house-museum in Nizhny Novgorod) Grandmother and grandfather. Illustration by B.A. Dekhterev to M. Gorky's story "Childhood"

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In 1877 - 1879 Alexey Peshkov studied at the Nizhny Novgorod Kunavinsky school. In 1879, Alexei's mother dies from fleeting consumption. After that, conflicts begin in the Kashirins' family, as a result of which the grandfather goes bankrupt and goes crazy. Due to lack of money, Alexei Peshkov is forced to leave his studies and go "to the people". Alexei one by one changes places of "training": first he is a student of a shoemaker (a relative of the Kashirins), then a student in a drawing workshop, then in an icon painting workshop. Finally he becomes a cook on a steamer sailing along the Volga. Many years later, the well-known writer Maksim Gorky recalls the cook of the ship "Dobry" MA. Smuriy, who was illiterate, but at the same time collected books. Thanks to the cook, young Gorky gets acquainted with a variety of works of world literature, is engaged in self-education. M. Gorky. Nizhny Novgorod. 1889-1891

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In 1884 A. Peshkov moved to Kazan, dreaming of entering a university. But this turned out to be impossible due to lack of funds, for him a "school of the revolutionary underground" began. He attends gymnasium and student populist circles, is fond of the relevant literature, comes into conflict with the police, earning a reputation for being "unreliable." At the same time, he earns his living by doing dirty work. A.M. Gorky (Peshkov)

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In 1888 - 1891 Alexey Peshkov set off on a journey across Russia in search of work and impressions. He passes the Volga region, Don, Ukraine, Crimea, Southern Bessarabia, the Caucasus. Peshkov manages to be a farm laborer in the village, a dishwasher, work in the fish and salt industries, a watchman on the railway, and a worker in repair shops. He manages to establish contacts in a creative environment. Wandering, Peshkov collects prototypes of his future heroes - this is noticeable in the early work of the writer, when the people of the "bottom" became the heroes of his works. M. Gorky, photo of the first years of the twentieth century

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On September 12, 1892 in the Tiflis newspaper Kavkaz, the story of A.M. Peshkova "Makar Chudra". The work was signed by "Maxim Gorky". Formation of Gorky as a writer takes place with the participation of V.G. Korolenko, who recommends a new author to the publishing house, corrects his manuscripts. In 1893 - 1895, Gorky's stories were often published in the Volga press. During these years, "Chelkash", "Revenge", "Old Woman Izergil", "Emelyan Pilyay", "Conclusion", "Song of the Falcon" were written. Peshkov signs his stories with various pseudonyms, of which there were a total of about 30. The most famous of them are: "AP", "MG", "Ah!", "One of the perplexed", "Yehudiel Chlamyda "," Taras Oparin "and others. M. Gorky. Nizhny Novgorod. 1896

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In 1895, with the assistance of V.G. Korolenko M. Gorky becomes an employee of "Samara Gazeta", where he writes feuilletons daily under the heading "By the way", signing "Yehudiel Chlamyda". At the same time, in the Samarskaya Gazeta newspaper, Gorky met Ekaterina Pavlovna Volzhina, who serves as a proofreader in the editorial office. In 1896 E.P. Volzhina became Gorky's wife. A.M. Gorky

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In 1896 - 1897 M. Gorky worked at home, in Nizhny Novgorod, in the newspaper "Nizhegorodsky leaf". In 1897, Gorky's tuberculosis worsened, and he and his wife moved to the Crimea, and from there to the village of Maksatikha, Poltava province. 1897 - the writer has a son, Maxim. 1900 - daughter Katya is born. A.M. Gorky with his wife and children

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In April 1901, M. Gorky was arrested in Nizhny Novgorod and taken into custody for participating in student riots in St. Petersburg. The writer stays under arrest for a month, after which he was released under house arrest, and then sent to Arzamas. In the same year, “Life” magazine published “Song of the Petrel”, after which the magazine was closed by the authorities. In 1902, the Moscow Art Theater staged plays by M. Gorky "At the Bottom" and "Bourgeois". The premiere of At the Bottom is taking place with unprecedented triumph. In the same year, Maxim Gorky was elected an honorary academician in the category of fine literature. By order of Nicholas II, the results of these elections were canceled. In response, A.P. Chekhov and V.G. Korolenko give up their titles of honorary academicians.

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In 1905, M. Gorky took an active part in revolutionary events, he was closely associated with the Social Democrats, but at the same time, together with a group of intellectuals on the eve of "Bloody Sunday", visited S.Yu. Witte and tries to prevent the tragedy. After the defeat of the revolution, M. Gorky was arrested (he was accused of participating in the preparation of a coup d'état), but both the Russian and European cultural communities came out in defense of the writer, and M. Gorky was released from arrest. In early 1906, Gorky went to America to raise funds to support the revolution in Russia, where he received support from Mark Twain. M. Gorky on the Riga seaside after liberation from the Peter and Paul Fortress. Spring 1905 M. Gorky and M.F. Andreeva on a steamer on the way to America. 1906

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In 1907 M. Gorky's novel "Mother" was published in America. In London, at the V Congress of the RSDLP, Gorky met V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin). From the end of 1906 to 1913, Maxim Gorky permanently lived on the island of Capri (Italy). Many works have been written here: the plays "The Last", "Vassa Zheleznova", the stories "Summer", "Okurov Town", the novel "The Life of Matvey Kozhemyakin". In 1908-1913, Gorky corresponded with Lenin. The correspondence is riddled with controversy, as the views of the writer and the politician differ. Gorky, in particular, believes that revolutionary spirit must be combined with enlightenment and humanism. This contrasts him with the Bolsheviks. M. Gorky. Italy, about. Capri. 1910-1911 V. I. Lenin visiting M. Gorky on the island of Capri

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In 1913 M. Gorky returned to Russia. In the same year he wrote the story "Childhood". In 1915 he wrote the novel In People. M. Gorky begins to publish the journal "Letopis". In 1917, after the Revolution, M. Gorky finds himself in an ambivalent position: on the one hand, he stands for the power that has come, on the other, he continues to adhere to his convictions, believing that it is necessary to engage not in the class struggle, but in the culture of the masses ... Then the writer begins to work in the publishing house "World Literature", founded the newspaper "New Life". By the early 1920s, Gorky's relations with the new government were gradually getting worse. In 1921, Maxim Gorky left Russia, officially - to Germany, to receive medical treatment, but in fact - from the reprisals of the Bolsheviks. Until 1924, the writer lives in Germany and Czechoslovakia.

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MAXIM GORKY - real name ALEXEY MAKSIMOVICH PESHKOV is a Russian writer, prose writer, playwright. One of the most popular authors at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, famous for his depiction of a romanticized declassed character ("tramp"), author of works with a revolutionary tendency, personally close to the Social Democrats, "petrel of revolution" and "great proletarian writer", the founder of socialist realism

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Alexey Peshkov was born in Nizhny Novgorod in the family of a carpenter. Early orphaned, he spent his childhood in the house of his grandfather Kashirin. From the age of 9 he was forced to go “into the people”; worked as a "boy" at a store, a pantry pot on a steamer, an apprentice in an icon painting workshop, a baker, etc.

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Father, Maxim Savvatievich Peshkov (1840-1871) - the son of a soldier, demoted from officers, a cabinet-maker. In recent years he worked as manager of a steamship office, died of cholera. Mother, Varvara Vasilievna Kashirina (1842-79) - from a bourgeois family; Widowed early, remarried, died of consumption. The writer's childhood passed in the house of Vasily Vasilyevich Kashirin's grandfather, who in his youth boiled over, then became rich, became the owner of a dyeing establishment, and went bankrupt in old age. His grandfather taught the boy from church books, grandmother Akulina Ivanovna introduced her grandson to folk songs and fairy tales, but most importantly, she replaced his mother, “satiating”, according to Gorky himself, “with strong strength for a difficult life” (“Childhood”).

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Gorky did not receive a real education, graduating only from a vocational school. An attempt to enter Kazan University was unsuccessful. The thirst for knowledge quenched independently, he grew up "self-taught". Hard work (a dishwasher on a steamer, a "boy" in a store, an apprentice in an icon-painting workshop, a foreman at fairgrounds, etc.) and early privations taught a good knowledge of life and inspired dreams of rebuilding the world. “We came into the world to disagree ...” - a preserved fragment of the destroyed poem of the young Peshkov “The Song of the Old Oak”.

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Hatred of evil and ethical maximalism were the source of moral torment. In 1887 he tried to commit suicide. He took part in revolutionary propaganda, "went to the people", wandered around Russia, talked with tramps. Experienced complex philosophical influences: from the ideas of the French Enlightenment and materialism of J. V. Goethe to the positivism of J. M. Guyot, the romanticism of J. Ruskin and the pessimism of A. Schopenhauer. In his Nizhny Novgorod library, next to "Capital" by K. Marx and "Historical Letters" by PL Lavrov, there were books by E. Hartmann, M. Stirner and F. Nietzsche.

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EARLY WORKS OF GORKY Gorky began as a provincial newspaper (published under the name of Yehudiel Chlamyda). The pseudonym M. Gorky (letters and documents were signed by his real name - A. Peshkov; the designations "A. M. Gorky" and "Alexei Maksimovich Gorky" contaminate the pseudonym with his real name) appeared in 1892 in the Tiflis newspaper "Kavkaz", where the first story "Makar Chudra". In 1895, thanks to the help of V. G. Korolenko, he was published in the most popular magazine "Russian wealth" (the story "Chelkash"). In 1898, the book Essays and Stories was published in St. Petersburg, which had a sensational success. In 1899, the prose poem Twenty-Six and One and the first big story, Foma Gordeev, appeared. Gorky's fame grew at an incredible speed and soon caught up with the popularity of Chekhov and Tolstoy

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From the very beginning, there was a discrepancy between what the critic wrote about Gorky and what the ordinary reader wanted to see in him. The traditional principle of interpreting works from the point of view of the social meaning contained in them in relation to early Gorky did not work. The reader was least of all interested in the social aspects of his prose; he looked for and found in them a mood in tune with the time. His heroes combined typical features, behind which stood a good knowledge of life and literary tradition, and a special kind of "philosophy", which the author endowed the heroes with at his own request, not always agreeing with the "truth of life." In connection with his texts, critics did not solve social issues and the problems of their literary reflection, but directly the “question of Gorky” and the collective lyrical image he created, which began to be perceived as typical for Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. and which criticism has compared with Nietzsche's "superman". All this allows, contrary to the traditional view, to consider him more a modernist than a realist.

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Gorky's public position was radical. He was arrested more than once, in 1902 Nicholas II ordered to annul his election as an honorary academician in the category of fine literature (in protest, Chekhov and Korolenko left the Academy). In 1905 he joined the ranks of the RSDLP (Bolshevik wing) and met V. I. Lenin. They received serious financial support for the 1905-07 revolution. Gorky quickly showed himself as a talented organizer of the literary process. In 1901 he became the head of the publishing house of the association "Knowledge" and soon began to publish "Collections of the partnership" Knowledge ", which published IA Bunin, LN Andreev, AI Kuprin, VV Veresaev, Ye. Chirikov, N.D. Teleshov, A.S. Serafimovich, etc.

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The pinnacle of early creativity, the play At the Bottom, owes its glory to the production of K.S. Stanislavsky at the Moscow Art Theater (1902; played by Stanislavsky, V.I. Kachalov, I.M. Moskvin, O.L. Knipper- Chekhov, etc.) In 1903, the Berlin Kleines Theater hosted the performance "At the Bottom" with Richard Wallentin in the role of Satin. Gorky's other plays - "Bourgeois" (1901), "Summer Residents" (1904), "Children of the Sun", "Barbarians" (both 1905), "Enemies" (1906) - did not have such a sensational success in Russia and Europe.

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GORKY BETWEEN TWO REVOLUTIONS (1905-1917) After the defeat of the revolution of 1905-07, Gorky emigrated to the island of Capri (Italy). The "Capri" period of creativity forced to reconsider the perception of the "end of Gorky" (D.V. Filosofov), which was formed in criticism, which was caused by his hobbies for political struggle and the ideas of socialism, which were reflected in the story "Mother" He creates the story "Okurov Town" 1909), Childhood (1913-14), In People (1915-16), a cycle of stories “Across Russia” (1912-17). Controversy in criticism was caused by the story "Confession" (1908), highly appreciated by AA Blok. For the first time, the theme of god-building sounded in it, which Gorky preached with AV Lunacharsky and AA Bogdanov at the Capri Party school for workers, which caused his disagreement with Lenin, who hated "flirting with God."

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The First World War had a heavy impact on Gorky's state of mind. It symbolized the beginning of the historical collapse of his idea of \u200b\u200b"collective reason", which he came to after being disappointed with Nietzsche's individualism (according to T. Mann, Gorky stretched a bridge from Nietzsche to socialism). The boundless faith in the human mind, accepted as the only dogma, was not confirmed by life. The war became a blatant example of collective insanity, when Man was reduced to a "trench louse", "cannon fodder", when people became furious before our eyes and the human mind was powerless before the logic of historical events.

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THE YEARS OF Maksim Gorky's Emigration The October Revolution confirmed Gorky's fears. In Untimely Thoughts (a series of articles in the newspaper Novaya Zhizn; 1917-18; published in a separate edition in 1918), he accused Lenin of seizing power and unleashing terror in the country. But in the same place he called the Russian people organically cruel, "bestial" and thus, if not justified, then explained the fierce treatment of the Bolsheviks with these people. The inconsistency of the position was also reflected in his book "On the Russian Peasantry" (1922). Gorky's undoubted merit was energetic work to save the scientific and artistic intelligentsia from starvation and executions, gratefully appreciated by his contemporaries (E.I. Zamyatin, A.M. Remizov, V.F.Khodasevich, V.B.Shklovsky, etc.)

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Almost for the sake of this, such cultural events as the organization of the World Literature publishing house, the opening of the House of Scientists and the House of Arts (communes for the creative intelligentsia described in OD Forsh's novel The Crazy Ship and the book by K. A. Fedin "Bitter among us"). However, many writers (including Blok, NS Gumilyov) could not be saved, which became one of the main reasons for Gorky's final break with the Bolsheviks. From 1921 to 1928, Gorky lived in exile, where he went after Lenin's too persistent advice. He settled in Sorrento (Italy), without interrupting his ties with young Soviet literature. He wrote the cycle Stories from 1922-24, Notes from the Diary (1924), the novel The Artamonovs Case (1925), began working on the epic novel The Life of Klim Samgin (1925-36).

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GORKY'S RETURN TO THE SOVIET UNION In 1928, Gorky made a "test" trip to the Soviet Union (in connection with the celebration of his 60th birthday), having previously entered into careful negotiations with the Stalinist leadership. The apotheosis of the meeting at the Belorussky railway station decided the matter; Gorky returned to his homeland. As an artist, he completely immersed himself in the creation of The Life of Klim Samgin, a panoramic painting of Russia for forty years. As a politician, he actually provided Stalin with moral cover in the face of the world community. His numerous articles created an apologetic image of the leader and were silent about the suppression of freedom of thought and art in the country - facts about which Gorky could not be ignorant.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY M. GORKY Novels 1899 - "Foma Gordeev" 1900-1901 - "Three" 1906 - "Mother" (second edition - 1907) 1925 - "The Artamonovs' case" 1925-1936 - "The life of Klim Samgin" Stories 1908 - "The life of unnecessary person. " 1908 - "Confession" 1909 - "Okurov Town", "The Life of Matvey Kozhemyakin". 1913-1914- "Childhood" 1915-1916- "In people" 1923 - "My universities"

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Plays 1901 - "Bourgeois" 1902 - "At the bottom" 1904 - "Summer residents" 1905 - "Children of the sun", "Barbarians" 1906 - "Enemies" 1910 - "Vassa Zheleznova" (revised in December 1935) 1930-1931 - "Somov and others" 1932 - "Egor Bulychev and others" 1933 - "Dostigaev and others" Publicism 1906 - "My interviews", "In America" \u200b\u200b(pamphlets) 1917-1918 - a series of articles "Untimely thoughts" in the newspaper "New Life "(In 1918 came out as a separate edition) 1922 -" On the Russian peasantry "

Early romantic works of A.M. Gorky

Grade 11 Presentation

“So, to the question: why did I start to write? - I answer: by the force of pressure on me,“ a painfully poor life ”... A.M. Gorky

• “The first reason made me try to introduce such fictions,“ inventions ”as“ The Tale of the Falcon and Already ”,“ The Legend of the Burning Heart ”,“ The Petrel ”into the“ poor ”life ...
• Revolutionary forebodings introduced the heroism of struggle, the pathos of the affirmation of a free man into the writer's work. The rebellious pathos of Gorky's early works was clothed in the form of allegorical tales and poems.
• "This penchant for fantasy ... manifests itself in art as a penchant for romance ..."
• V. Vorovsky

• a dream that was ahead of reality
• Gorky's romantic legacy of the 90s:
• 1. "Makar Chudra" - 1892

• 2. "Girl and Death" 1892

• 4. "About a siskin who lied, and about a woodpecker-lover of truth" - 1893.
• 5. "Old woman Izergil" -1894
• 6. "Song of the Falcon" - 1895
• 7. "Khan and His Son" -1986

"Girl and Death"

The girl stands before Death, boldly

Expecting a terrible blow.

Death mutters - sorry for the victim:

• Look how young you are!

Why were you rude to the king there?

I'll kill you for this!

• Don't be angry, - the girl answered, -

Why are you angry with me?

Kissed me for the first time dear

Under a green elderberry bush, -

Was it before the king at that time?

Well, and the king, for sin, flees the war.

I tell him, the king,

Get away, they say, father, from here!

Well, as if, I say

And - look, it turned out - how bad!

Well?! There is nowhere to go from Death;

Apparently, I will die without loving.

Deathwalker! I ask you with my soul -

Give me another kiss!

Death is silent thoughtfully and sternly,

Sees - not to interrupt her this song!

More beautiful than the sun - there is no god in the world,

There is no fire - the fire of love is more wonderful!

There is no earth, no sky.

And the soul is full of unearthly strength,

And an unearthly light burns in the soul.

There is no more fear of Fate.

And neither God nor people are needed!

Like a child, I am glad of my own joy,

And love admires itself!

The romantic works of M. Gorky are characterized by brightness of colors, juicy metaphor.

• Loiko's portrait

“The mustache fell on his shoulders and

hung with curls, eyes like

clear stars are burning, and a smile

ka - the whole sun, by God!

as if it was forged from one

a piece of iron with a horse. "

• “About her, this Rudda, words cannot be said
• nothing. Maybe her beauty could be
• play the violin, and even then the one who plays this violin,
• how he sees his soul. "

Compositionally, early works are built like a story within a story

Introductory story

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Presentation completed teacher of the Russian language and literature Gavrilova Tatiana Vladimirovna MCOU "Sosnovskaya Secondary School"

Maxim Gorky is the literary pseudonym of Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov. Russian writer, prose writer, playwright. One of the most significant and famous Russian writers and thinkers in the world. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, he became famous as an author of works with a revolutionary tendency, personally close to the Social Democrats and in opposition to the tsarist regime. Years of life 1868 - 1936

Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov was born in the city of Kanavino, Nizhny Novgorod province (now the Kanavino district of Nizhny Novgorod). Childhood Father Maxim Savvatievich Peshkov () Mother - Varvara Vasilievna Kashirina ()

“In those years, I was filled with my grandmother's poems like a beehive with honey; I think I thought in the form of her poems. " His grandmother became a kind of mentor in literature, who led her grandson into the world of folk poetry. He wrote about her briefly, but with great tenderness: “In those years I was filled with my grandmother's poems like a beehive with honey; I think I thought in the form of her poems. "

From the age of 11 he was forced to go “to the people”: he worked as a “boy” at a store, a cupboard on a steamer, a baker, studied in an icon painting workshop, etc. failed, so he had to continue to work hard. "I did not expect help from outside and did not hope for a lucky break ... I realized very early that a person is created by his resistance to the environment." Later, Gorky would write: "I did not expect outside help and did not hope for a lucky break ... I realized very early that a person is created by his resistance to the environment."

Gorky walked through the Don steppes, across Ukraine, to the Danube, from there through the Crimea and the North Caucasus to Tiflis, where he spent a year working as a hammer, then as a clerk in railway workshops, communicating with revolutionary leaders and participating in illegal circles.

In 1921, Gorky went abroad. According to the widespread version, he did this at the insistence of Lenin, who was worried about the health of the great writer in connection with the aggravation of his illness (tuberculosis). Meanwhile, a deeper reason could be the growth of ideological contradictions in the positions of Gorky, the leader of the world proletariat and other leaders of the Soviet state.

The First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers

Wife in years. Ekaterina Pavlovna Peshkova (nee Volzhina) (). The divorce was not officially formalized. Ekaterina Pavlovna Peshkova Son Maxim Alekseevich Peshkov (), his wife Vvedenskaya, Nadezhda Alekseevna Granddaughter Peshkova, Marfa Maksimovna Great-granddaughters Nina and Nadezhda Great-grandson Sergei (bore the surname "Peshkov) Granddaughter Peshkova, Daria Maksimovna Great-grandson Maxim Peshkov's surname Ekaterina , son of Ekaterina Daughter Ekaterina Alekseevna Peshkova () Adopted and godson of Peshkov, Zinovy \u200b\u200bAlekseevich, brother of Yakov Sverdlov, godson of Gorky, who took his last name. Actual wife in the city of Maria Fedorovna Andreeva () actress, revolutionary, Soviet state and party leader Maria Fedorovna Andreeva Adopted daughter Ekaterina Andreevna Zhelyabuzhskaya Adopted son Zhelyabuzhsky, Yuri Andreevich Family and personal life

In 1936, on June 18, news spread around the country that Maxim Gorky had died at his dacha in Gorki. The fact is that, on May 27, 1936, after visiting the grave of his son, Gorky caught a cold in the cold windy weather and fell ill. He was ill for three weeks, and on June 18 he died. The circumstances of the death of Maxim Gorky and his son are considered by many to be "suspicious", there were rumors of poisoning, which, however, were not confirmed.
Memory In 2013, 2,110 streets, avenues and lanes in Russia are named after Gorky, and another 395 are named after Maxim Gorky. The city of Gorky was named after Nizhny Novgorod from 1932 to 1990. Gorkovskoe direction of the Moscow railway Gorkovskoe settlement in the Leningrad region. The village of Gorkovsky (Volgograd region) (formerly Voroponovo). Metro stations in St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod, as well as earlier in Moscow from 1979 to 1990. (now "Tverskaya"). Film Studio named after M. Gorky (Moscow). State Prize of the RSFSR named after M. Gorky. ANT-20 plane "Maxim Gorky" In Nizhny Novgorod, the Central District Children's Library, the Academic Drama Theater, the State Pedagogical University, the street, as well as the square in the center of which a monument to the writer is erected are named after M. Gorky. But the most important attraction is the museum - M. Gorky's apartment.

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On March 16, 1868, in Nizhny Novgorod, the future writer was born into the family of the tradesman M.S. Peshkov and his wife Varvara Vasilievna. Alexey was the fourth child of the Peshkovs, but his two brothers and a sister died in infancy. After the sudden death of her husband, Varvara Vasilievna returned with her three-year-old son to the house of V.V. Kashirin's father. It was in the house of his grandfather that Alyosha's childhood, full of grievances and grief, passed.

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In 1877, Alexei was assigned to the Kunavinskoye primary school, a school for the urban poor, where the boy studied very diligently, and was even awarded for his successes "in the sciences and good manners." In 1879, his mother died, his grandfather went bankrupt, and Alexei had to go “into the people”. He worked in a store of "fashionable shoes", an apprentice with the contractor Sergeev, a dishware on the steamers "Perm" and "Dobry", a draftsman.

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In 1884, Alexei left for Kazan to enter the university, but he did not have to study there. The future writer goes through his universities on the marinas, in the shelters, wherever he has to. In the fall of 1885, he took a job at Semyonov's pretzel, and from there in the summer he moved to Derenkov's bakery. Students often gathered in the bakery to discuss the books they read, newspaper articles, argue. All this could not but leave a mark on the soul of an observant young man.

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In June 1888, Aleksey Peshkov, together with the revolutionary M. Romas, left for the village of Krasnovidovo, where he was conducting propaganda work. But after the shop was set on fire, I had to leave the village and wander around Russia. Everywhere he has not had to visit: he works in the Caspian Sea, wanders around the Mozdok steppe, returns to Nizhny Novgorod and goes on a journey again

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"My walk in Russia was caused not by the desire for vagrancy, but by the desire to see - where do I live, what kind of people are around me?" A. Peshkov finished his long one and a half year wandering path (1889-1891) in Tiflis. These wanderings have enriched the writer with vivid impressions, helped him acquire new life experience.

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After the 1905 revolution, Gorky actively helped the rebels, he was forced to leave for America because of the order to arrest him. This was the period of Gorky's first emigration. From the USA, Gorky moved to Italy, to the sunny island of Capri. The Capri period was very fruitful. In the period from 1906 to 1913, the following works were written:

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In 1913, the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty was widely celebrated in Russia, in connection with which an amnesty was declared. And Gorky returned to his homeland, to Petersburg. Here he wrote the story "In People" and the cycle of stories "Across Russia". The year 1917 has come. The writer met the October Revolution with caution: remembering the experience of the 1905 revolution, he feared the "complete destruction" of the great Russian culture in the "chaos of peasant anarchy." These views are reflected in the series of articles "Untimely Thoughts". These articles caused the complication of Gorky's relations with the Bolshevik government. After returning to the Soviet Union, M. Gorky headed the Union of Soviet Writers. He was worried about the upbringing and education of young writers, he fought for the approval of a new method of socialist realism, which was declared at the First Congress of Soviet Writers in 1934. On June 18, 1936, the writer died and was buried at the Kremlin wall.