Russian words of English origin. Borrowings from the Russian language in the English vocabulary. Phraseologisms borrowed from French

Currently, English has acquired the status of a lingua franca - the language of international communication for people for whom it is not native. The promotion of English to this role is due historically: the colonial past of Great Britain, the expansion of trade and economic relations, the dominance of the United States of America in the world economy and politics, the development of international tourism, etc.

The development of the latest information and computer technologies and the emergence of the global Internet also influenced the popularity of the English language.

Students' interest in English has increased due to the opportunity to visit America, Great Britain and other countries where English is the official language. As a result of such trips, students have the opportunity not only to see other countries, become familiar with their culture, and earn money (if these are special student programs for summer employment in the United States and some European countries), but also to get excellent language practice and expand their vocabulary.

Another source of popularization of the English language is the so-called pop culture. The passion for popular music of various genres and styles (most of the songs are sung in English) and American films has led to the fact that most Americanisms have entered the Russian language without any obstacles and are used by the majority of the population, regardless of gender, age, or social status. For example, a derivative of the abbreviation OK - okay or the phrase from the movie “Terminator” “I’ll be back.”

Russian media, especially television, also contribute to the “Anglotization” of the Russian language. Tokens such as summit, briefing, talk show, dog show thanks to the media, became widespread.

Thus, the younger generation, including students, cannot help but use English words in their speech, since some of these words have long penetrated into the Russian language. On the one hand, the emergence of new words expands the vocabulary of Russian speakers, but on the other hand, its originality and unique beauty are lost.

Listening to the speech of our students, we identified more than 1000 English words that they pronounce in the Russian manner and cannot always express the same thing in the words of their native language.

Borrowings from the English language cover all areas of student life.

The field of study is represented by the following lexemes:

name of teachers: Ticher or Tichka(from teacher): There goes your teacher. - We don’t have a teacher, but a tick.
teachers' nicknames: bibisshinik(from the abbreviation BBC-British Broadcasting Corporation) - the nickname of teachers with similar initials, for example, Vitaly Vladimirovich Soloviev;
designation of educational institutions: institute(from institute) – T Are you going to the institute today or are you going to get caught again?;
names of faculties : dep(from department) – What department are you studying at?;
designations for students of various specialties: managers(from managers) – managers ( We are future managers), trades or trading(from trade) – students of the Trade University ( We are not just students, we are traders); markets, markers(from marker) – marketing students ( Is this a group of economists?);
- No, markets names of subjects and disciplines: English or Pinglish (transfer from schoolchildren's jargon from English) – English language (); Are you going to English? Do not know yet subject, subjects (from subject) – a common name for all subjects ();
Well, which subjects will we torture this year? subjects related to student life: credit card (from credit book) - record book (); I have a holiday credit card - only triples ID, ID guy (from ID -identification) – student ID ();
I have such a photo in my ID file - my own mother won’t recognize it various time periods, schedule elements: term (from term) – semester (); This term is kind of long. When it's already over. - Are you tired of studying already? windik, window, windushnik (from window) – “window”, absence of a couple or activity (); After physical training we have a wind shower, let's go and sit in a cafe Khaliday or Holiday (from holiday) – vacation ();
Everything is OK in my life, holiday will be coming soon designation of various buildings, educational institutions, buildings, classrooms: hostel (from hostel) – hostel, dormitory (); Well, I went to the hut, to my hostel Nambar that voice kofin (from glass coffin - glass coffin) - glass, glass auditorium, which is very clearly visible from the street (. The next couple is the show “Behind the Glass” We will be loud about the coffee. Homeless people again); they will break reading room (from reading room) – reading room ( After couples - in); reading room study, study and only study Jim In the gym, the physical education teacher doesn’t push us as hard as he does at the stadium.);
names of various control measures and concepts associated with them: tail(from tail) – an exam or test not passed on time (I I haven’t gotten rid of tails yet during the winter session, but summer is already around the corner); the ex(abbreviated as excellent) – five, excellent grade ( Today I received an ex from the seminar); eczema or zema(from exams) – exams (C How many lands do you have left to hand over? - Two); testing(from test) – testing, control or verification work ( On the second pair we write testing, I’ll sit with you if anything happens).

Now let's look at slang words related to the sphere of leisure. They can also be divided into the following categories:

various student events: party(from party) - party ( Let's pass the exams - we'll have a party); mix(from mix) – party, hang out ( Lelik had a great mix yesterday); point(from appointment) – arrow, meeting ( I assigned her a point, but she didn’t come); fighting game(from fight, fighting) – showdown, fight (K as always it all ended in a fighting game: our boys go crazy after a glass of beer).

Among the lexemes of the leisure sphere, many units were transferred from other jargons, that is, secondary borrowing occurred.

The following lexemes were borrowed by students from the jargon of computer scientists and programmers: cyberboard, board or board(from keyboard) - keyboard ( My keys on my keyboard started to stick); maus, mause, or mause(from mouse) – computer mouse ( You have such a fancy mouse); Windows, Windows, Windows, Windows, Windows, Windows, Windows and so on. – Microsoft Windows computer operating system and everything related to it ( I'm currently working on Windows XP); Vindets(from Window + trendy) – emergency shutdown of a Microsoft Windows computer program ( Well, I’ve finished playing with toys, now I’m a complete loser); message, month(from massage) – email message ( I sent you a message, everything is written in it); motherboard or motherboard(from motherboard) – computer motherboard ( Motherboard flew again) etc.

A number of lexical units passed into student slang from the jargon of musicians and various informal groups. For example, biker, biker girl(from bike) – a motorcyclist and his girlfriend (T a biker and his biker girlfriend drove up); The names of musical styles and directions are borrowed from the jargon of musicians, such as rock, pop, jazz, blues, rap, as well as some special terms: drummer, drummer(from drummer) – drummer, musician who plays percussion instruments ( I have a friend who is a drummer); drams(from drums) – percussion musical instruments ( He's great at drumming); new waver, new waver(from New-Wave) - a musician working in the New Wave style (new wave) or a fan of New Wave music ( I just don't understand this new wave guy.) etc.

Many lexemes in the leisure sphere coincide or have passed into student slang from youth jargon. Here are some examples: clubber(from club) - nightclub regular ( You've confused me with someone else: I'm not a clubber at all); dancer or dancer(from dance) – lover of dancing ( I'm a dancer, like a Zaporozhets Mercedes); shopper(from shop) – lover of shopping ( Lenka is an avid shopper).

Lexical units borrowed from English and coinciding with youth slang can be divided into several categories:

drug and alcohol use: drink, drink(from drink) – drink, drink ( We got drunk again yesterday); drinker, drinker - drunkard, alcoholic ( Our electrician is a complete drinker); fuck off(from extasy) – take soft drugs ( Eknul - and into the lyula);
clarification of relationships, showdowns: boiling(from keep) – scandal ( Put away the cigarettes, otherwise the commandant will make a mess); pitch(from kill) – to beat, kill mentally and physically (G get ready, his lads will come to kill us); battle(from battle) – fight, fight ( Let's go to the battle and see);
interpersonal relationships: friend, friend(from friend) – friend, to be friends ( He's my best friend); catch(from love) – to love ( It's impossible to catch everyone); like(from like) – to love, like ( Do you even like anyone?); cheer up, cheer up(from adore) - secretly love someone, show sympathy for people of the opposite sex ( He adore Lyuska - It can’t be); rally, rally(from meet) – to meet, to be friends ( Mine and I have been meeting for a year now); pretend(from make love) – make love ( they were making all the noise when her parents broke into the apartment); to pout, to pout(from kiss) – kiss ( Well, let me insult you at least once).

The following lexical units relate to the sphere of everyday life. Almost all the names of clothing and accessories that we recorded among borrowings in Russian student slang were taken from classical English. Below are the most interesting examples.

From the names of clothes, we note the following lexemes: address(from dress) – dress ( Your new dress is complete garbage); trazer, truzer(from trousers) – trousers ( And your new striped trazers suit you very well); Tishortka(from T - short) – T-shirt ( In the “Major League” they sell such cute shorts); bots, bot, butit(from boot) - shoes, shoes, putting on shoes (So many bots, but nothing to put on); hatik, hatik(from hat) – hat, headdress ( I don’t wear such hats on principle); sconce(from bra) – bra ( Where did you buy the lace sconces?).

Among the accessories we highlight the following: pins(from pin) – jewelry in the form of a pin ( And the whole blouse is covered in big and small pins); rings(from ear-rings) – ring-shaped earrings ( Her ears stretched to the ground. - Still would. These rings are too much to wear); bag or briefcase(from bag, case) – handbag ( Yesterday I bought myself a pretty good case for a hundred bucks) and others.

In student slang, we also found English borrowings that denote parts of the body from head to toe. Here are some examples: face(from face) - face ( The main thing in this matter is not to fall face first into the mud.); linden trees(lips) – lips ( Our Yara smeared linden black again); head(from head) – head ( His head is so big, but he has no mind); typhus(from teeth) – teeth ( I'm afraid to treat typhus); handy or handy(from hands) – hands ( Wash your hands before eating); legs, feet(from legs, foot) – legs ( Her ears are sticking out); fingers(from finges) – fingers ( She extended her thin fingers to the cigarettes); Neils(from nails) – nails ( I've been drawing nails for myself all night today) and so on.

From the words of the everyday life sphere, we can distinguish the names of household appliances: Tivik(from TVset) – TV ( I can't live without Tivik); fridge, frijik(from fridge) – refrigerator ( Your fridge is completely empty); com, compik(from computer) – computer ( My computer froze again); dividend card(from DVD-player) – DVD player ( Let me see something on the DVD); sitter, sitter(from CD player) – CD player (I listened to the conversation while I was sitting) and others.

It is especially worth noting the nouns denoting money: mani, mani, mani(from money) - And there aren’t many little manechkas left for the stupa, who would lend the grannies?; cache, cache(from cash) – cash, cash ( Payment by cash or card?). These lexemes have more than 2 synonyms from Russian words: babki, grannies, tugriks, greens, wooden, cash, etc.

Let's name a few more English borrowings related to the sphere of student life: spoon, spoonchik(from spoon) - spoon (Where is my big spoon?); table(from table) – table ( Why are you not happy with guests? Why then is the table not covered?); sophic(from sofa) – sofa ( I like to lie on the sofa and read something); Lukalka(from look - to watch) – mirror ( I saw a disgusting face in the box); ring, ringmaster(from ring) – telephone (the second word can mean a telephone book) – Let the ring guy ring.

Now let's turn to the vocabulary of the assessment sphere.

Vocatives include words that reflect students’ attitudes toward people of different ages and social status.

So, children and everyone younger than them in age are called students baby, baby, babies(from baby) – Something These babies have multiplied, they get tangled underfoot - there is no way out of them.

Note that we have recorded several cases of using the lexeme baby and a word derived from it baby meaning “girl”. My baby girl is very cool in everything. Another designation for children is child, childs or children(the non-standard form of education from the word child-children is preserved): First I’ll study, and then I’ll get married and have children.

Among the addresses of students to each other, the most common are friend or friends(from friend), fellas or fellushniki(from fellow): Well, my friend, let's go home? Staff members and staff members, I’m telling you the most pleasant news: there will be no accounting!

Vocative names of family members are entirely represented by borrowings from the English language. So, parents are called parents, parents(from parents) , oldies(from old), phaser-maser(from father, mother): I need to pass the test with flying colors - the parents promised to buy me a car; I won’t come to visit you. Your phaser-maser will again pester you with questions about my old men; mother - maser, maver, mower(from mother): Her maser is the world’s aunt, she understands everything without words; father - faver, phaser(from father): It’s better not to touch my phaser, otherwise he’ll talk about politics all evening; grand banners(from grandparents) – grandparents: You know how much I love my grandees. They allow me everything; uncle - enkl, yunkl; aunt - anti(from auntie): My nephew was born. - Well, now you are anti Natasha; Brother - brazer, brader(from brother) - I hate my brother - he goes where he’s not asked; sister - sister, sista(from sister): My sister is ratting on me. - Scum.

The names of representatives of the older generation are mainly derived from the English word old - oldy – common name "old men" (You can’t go unnoticed in this yard. There are always old people playing dominoes and noticing everything); olda, olditsa, olda, olda, olda – old woman ( Look what an old lady has gone); old man, old man - old man ( They say this old man was such a womanizer in his youth). An interesting fact is that the lexical unit grandfathers ( from dead “dead” ) is also used in the meaning of “old men” due to its consonance with the Russian word “grandfathers” (emphasis on the second syllable): My grandfathers always send jam from the village.

As for the relationships of students with various social groups, they can be easily traced by analyzing borrowings from the English language. Below are some examples.

Persons of Caucasian nationality are called fades, shines or blekadze(from black): Only blacks study at the Trade University; persons without permanent residence (homeless people) – homeless or homeless(Russian prefix without - + home): We were walking last night, and such a homeless fear-monger climbed out of the hatch; representatives of the middle class - middliks(from middle) – I don’t consider myself a middle class; cultured, educated people - culturals, cultural or calchural(from culture) – His parents are such cultural people. Each has two higher education degrees; rich people - Richami(from rich) - These rich people apparently have nowhere to put their money.

The next group of vocatives is devoted to the relationship of students with people of the opposite sex.

When considering vocatives of this group, we consider it necessary to indicate the semantic element that unites them or the integral seme.

Words with the integral seme “beautiful, pretty girl” are derivatives of girl: gerlenok, gerlenysh, gerlitsa(What a cute little girl she is. I can look at her all day long); derivatives of sweet: Svitik, Svitusik, Svitusechka (Look, this Sivtusik is from the first year. Fresh); derivatives of pussy: little pussy, little pussy (She's such a little pussy).

Words with the integral seme “ugly girl, scary girl, ugly”: derivatives from girl: gerla, gerlitsa (Well, what a gerla. Scary, like my whole life); derivatives of ugly: aglitsa, aglushka, aglishnaya (And this is our aglitsa. You can’t look at her without tears); minuscule(from miserable) – Our Masha is a miserable little thing; scaryface(formed by merging the Russian word “scary” with the English face) – Her figure is okay, but she has such a scary face.

Integral seme “nice young man” derived from boy: superboy, beautyboy (He is such a beautyboy that he won’t even look in my direction); derivatives of sweet: svitik, svitny, svitboy (With his svitik appearance, you need to be an actor, not an accountant).

Note that derivatives of the word sweet sweetie, sweetie and so on. are consonant with Russian words derived from the female name Svetlana. They have nothing to do with this word, since all respondents pointed to the English source of their origin.

Integral seme “ugly, unattractive young man”: derivatives of ugly: muffler, agliface (She is dating such a muffler. I would be scared to walk with him even in the dark); derivatives of boy : fuck, hang up(sloppy + boy) – I wonder why such bastards are accepted into our faculty?

Now let's look at evaluative adverbs and adjectives borrowed from the English language.

Among the lexemes with a positive assessment, the following can be noted: great(from great) – Everything turned out just great; fainovo, nicesovo(from fine, nice) – Your skirt is fine. – You are also dressed in Nice; wonderfull(from wonderfully) – The party is simply wonderful. I haven't danced like this for a long time.

Tokens with a negative rating include the following words: bed and bad, formed from one word bad ( Everything is miserable and miserable in my life without you!).

Borrowings from the English language can help in-depth study of not only English, but also Russian. It is no secret that many students sometimes find it easier to express their thoughts and feelings using words of a foreign language; they find it difficult to choose suitable Russian words for this. Therefore, we propose to conduct integrated lessons of the Russian and English languages, in which English borrowings are analyzed.

At the beginning of the lesson, we ask students the following questions:

Do you often use English words in your speech?
Do you know the meaning of these words in the original language?
Why do you use these words in your speech?

Everyone usually answers “Yes” to the first question; the meanings of words in the original language are not always known to students, and among the reasons for using English words in speech are:

with the help of borrowed English words, you can convey information to each other so that the teachers, parents or uninitiated people around you will not understand what is being said;
English loanwords are often used on radio and television;
English words sound very unusual.

Then students are given several borrowed English words, recorded in dictionaries with a special mark indicating that they belong to modern Russian student slang. All words relate to different areas of student life. The words are written out on a card in random order, not only their spelling is demonstrated, but also their pronunciation, their Russified version.

All students receive the following assignments:

Are you familiar with this word?
If so, what meaning do you use it in?
If not, then try to guess what it means?
What English word is it derived from?
Which area of use would you classify this word as: a) area of study; b) leisure sphere; c) everyday life; d) scope of assessment?
Give an example of the use of this word in speech. Name Russian synonyms for this word.

As a result of this work, the children repeat the pronunciation and spelling of English words, learn new words, practice their use and look for words corresponding to them in the Russian language, determine their thematic relevance.

These lessons are very interesting and educational for students, and the teacher is required to have knowledge of modern trends in fashion, music, awareness of the interests and hobbies of his students, as well as knowledge of their specific language - slang, which is updated daily with new words and expressions.

In 1939, during World War II, one reporter used the word "blitz" to describe rapid action. The original meaning of the German word - "lightning" - reflected how quickly the word came into fashion, symbolizing Germany's constant attacks on Britain. A few years later, linguist Carl F. Koenig documented the words' entry into English in 1943 in the Modern Language Journal.

Soybeans(English Soy)
Language of origin: Japanese

You may already know that karaoke and ramen noodles came into English from Japanese, but soy may seem more European in nature. From a technical point of view, this is true: the word came into English from the Dutch “saio” in the 1670s, and meant soy-based fish sauce. The presence of the Dutch in Japan was conditioned by long trade agreements. The Dutch word “saio” is a derivative of the Japanese word “shoyu,” meaning soybean exclusively, which was derived from the Chinese word “shi-yu,” a fermented bean oil.

Alcohol(eng. Alcohol)
Language of origin: Arabic

Al-kuhul (English: Al-kuhul) means a type of cosmetic product, powder for blackening the eyelids. Arab scholars enriched the English language with a variety of mathematical and technological terms through interactions with the Romans and Greeks during a close period in the early stages of the world's development and later through conflict with the English during the Crusades.

In the 1540s, the word "alcohol" was Latin for freeze-dried powder, and English speakers used it to mean "powdered cosmetic." In the 1670s, this word already meant any sublimated, pure substance, even in a liquid state. In 1753, the alcohol of wine was reduced to "alcohol". When the chemical formula of this “pure substance” was derived, organic chemists in the 1850s began to name all chemically similar substances in the same way.

Shampoo(eng. Shampoo)
Language of origin: Hindi

During the period of British imperialism over India, both cultures spoke an Anglo-Indian language. The Anglo-Indian word “shampoo”, meaning “to massage”, originally came from the Indian “champna” - “to press, knead”, but stumbled over the form of the imperative mood in the meaning “You! Warm up!” - “champo”. Perhaps the word “champna” comes from the Sanskrit “capayati”, that is, “pounds, kneads.”

In the 1860s, a native English speaker recorded a new meaning for the word “shampoo” as “to wash the hair,” as the English kneaded and pressed soap into the scalp. The nominal form of the phrase “hair-soap” appeared shortly after five English words borrowed from other languages.

Chauffeur(eng. Chauffeur)
Language of origin: French
In French, the word “Chauffer” means “stoker” or “stoker”, since the driver of a French car in 1899 served a steam engine.

The word came into English around the same time as the steam-powered automobile, as the wealthy English-speaking elite often used French words for expensive cultural terms. By 1902, the word had expanded its meaning to “pay driver.”

Sauna(English Sauna)
Language of origin: Finnish

The Finnish Bath Society claims that the word “sauna” may originally have meant a heated, partially underground winter shelter. The dwelling evolved into a bathhouse, and when the English-speaking population adopted the bathhouse, it was also decided to keep the name.

Belyaeva Alla

Scientific work on the topic “Modern borrowings from the English language”. The work consists of theoretical and practical parts with a mini-dictionary of Anglicisms.

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MBOU secondary school No. 11

Department: humanitarian

Section: information technology

Educational and research work

"Modern borrowings from English"

Completed:

Students of grade 8B

Belyaeva Alla (14 years old)

Checked:

Lukoshina Elena Alexandrovna,

Foreign language teacher,

2013, Pavlovo

1.Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….. 3

2. The importance of English in the modern world………………………... 5

3. Areas of use of Anglicisms………………………………………………………. 7

4. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….12

5. List of references used……………………………………………. 15

6.Appendix…….…………………………………………………………….16

7.Review……………………………………………………………………………….27

Introduction

Purpose Our work is to analyze modern borrowings from the English language.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks :
analyze research on this topic in order to give the concept of borrowing and determine the reasons for the appearance of English borrowings in the Russian language;
consider methods of formation and types of borrowing;
establish the composition of words borrowed from the English language at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st centuries, give their systematic description;
classify the most common anglicisms by areas of communication.

Relevance This topic is undeniable, since the use of Anglicisms by modern young people is growing every day and displacing native Russian words.

Accordingly, we can put forward the following hypothesis : in Russian speech, when young people communicate with their peers, Anglicisms are widely used, drawn from the Internet, musical compositions and the media, losing their true semantic meaning.
When solving the above problems, the following were used methods and techniques:

1. Descriptive method with techniques for observing linguistic phenomena.

2. Technique of taxonomy and classification.

The theoretical basis of the work was made up of linguistic works on lexicology by researchers G.B. Antrushina, O.V. Afanasyeva, N.N. Morozova, I.V. Arnold, L. Bloomfield, N.M. Shansky, as well as works devoted to the problem of English borrowings by linguists N.S. Avilova, V.V. Akulenko, V.M. Aristova, M.A. Breiter, T.V. Grunitskaya, A.I. Dyakova, O.V. Ilina, L.P. Krysina, V.B. Lebedeva, A.I. Melnikova, E.V. Urynson et al.

The research material is examples of the latest English borrowings used in various spheres of modern Russian life.
This work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion and a list of references. The introduction defines the topic of the work, its relevance, purpose and objectives, the linguistic methods used in the work, as well as the theoretical basis and research material. The first chapter provides an analytical overview of the importance of the English language in the modern world. The second chapter, a practical one, examines the latest Anglicisms that have entered various spheres of Russian life. The conclusion provides conclusions and reflects the attitude towards the phenomenon of borrowing.

The importance of English in the modern world

Borrowing from English into Russian is far from a new phenomenon; it has been happening for several centuries. However, the modern Russian language is literally crammed with Anglicisms, thanks to the mass media, the Internet and the marketing industry. In English-speaking countries, if you want to make a restaurant menu more sophisticated, you add French words and double the prices. In Russia, you replace ordinary Russian words with English ones in transliteration. Today, going to a business lunch is much more attractive than going to lunch. Even if you eat exactly the same thing, the context will be completely different (and probably so will the prices).

The importance of the English language in the modern world is so great that knowing it is not a privilege or luxury. Once upon a time, computers, like mobile phones, could only be afforded by people of a certain social class. Nowadays such things are essential items. The same can be said about English. It is taught by everyone and everywhere: in schools, universities, courses. And in our digital age, anyone can learn English via Skype without leaving home. It is understood that any educated person is simply obliged to speak English, since it is his key to further self-education and self-improvement. That's why there are so many organizations now offering to teach you English. However, do not think that this is so easy to do. Learning any language is a long process that requires certain costs, both mental and financial. Still, it’s worth learning English. Do you want to travel and not feel like a black sheep, but communicate freely with people of different nationalities? Do you want to become a student at a foreign university? Do you want a prestigious job with career advancement? Or maybe you want to work abroad? There is only one piece of advice - learn English. After all, over time, you will still understand that 75% of world correspondence is carried out in English, 80% of information on computers is also stored in this language, and most international documents, articles, literary works, instructions are written in English. And we have not yet taken into account the film industry and the music Olympus. American-made films have become a part of our lives, and any pop singer considers it prestigious to sing at least one song in English. Knowledge of English in the modern world is a kind of window to the world. By mastering this language of international communication, you will be able to achieve your goals with the help of new opportunities. And you will definitely understand that the importance of the English language is not exaggerated.
Today, more and more people are aware of the need to study foreign languages, and this is quite understandable, because they are quite important and are of great importance in many professions. Many people learn languages because... this is an invariable part of their work, for some it is a regular hobby, and there are those who need knowledge of languages in order to travel around the world. This is also very convenient when corresponding or communicating with residents of other foreign countries. In addition, thanks to knowledge of a particular language, it is possible to read books by famous writers in their original form.

Is it difficult to master the English language? You could say it's very easy. Two important factors contribute to the ease of learning English: firstly, everywhere in advertising and on satellite television we see and hear news and advertising in English, and secondly, methods of teaching English to foreigners are the most well developed.

“Do you speak English?” - a phrase familiar to us from school. A set of words to which we once did not attach much importance. But how sad it sounds now, when, while on vacation abroad, we suddenly got lost. They are trying to help us by explaining things in English. But we simply don’t understand because we don’t speak the language! Or during business negotiations we cannot conduct a dialogue with a foreign partner. It’s so bitter, so doomed to have to answer the same question “No”.

English is the language of international communication. And for those who master it perfectly, all the doors of the world are open. Traveling, communicating with foreign friends on the Internet, business negotiations in English, education in the most prestigious universities not only in Russia, but also in the world! You will be sure that you will understand and that they will understand you. There will be no such problem for you as a language barrier.

Today, words of English origin penetrate into the Russian language mainly in writing through the texts of newspapers, magazines, books, and international treaties.
the oral route also takes place - through radio and television. A new form of borrowing is also relevant - through electronic media.

Areas of use of Anglicisms

Today, linguists note the following sources of the appearance of Anglicisms in the language:

Advertising. The advertising genre is one of the main sources of anglicisms in the Russian language. According to T.N. Livshits, Anglicisms in advertising contribute to the emergence of the “illusion of uniqueness,” i.e. impressions of uniqueness, significance of the advertised product or service. An important role is played by Anglicisms, the unusual and non-standard forms of which attract the attention of the consumer.

For example: steamer, roster, trimmer, pager, immobilizer, spoiler, shock sensor, locker, snooker, pool, squash.

Internet. The increase in the number of Internet users has led to the spread of computer vocabulary:homepage, e-mail, CDROM, chat, bit, byte, disk, cursor, flash drive.

With the development of computerization, first in the professional environment, and then outside it, terms related to computer technology appeared: the word computer itself, as well as display, file, interface, printer, scanner, laptop, browser, website and others
- cinematography. The popularity of Hollywood films has led to the emergence of new words in our vocabulary:horror, blockbuster, western, prime time, cyborg, terminator.

Music. The perception of the USA as a center of musical fashion led to the appearance of such words as:hit, single, remake, track, soundtrack, poster, etc.

Sports vocabulary:bowling, diving, skateboard, snowboard, biker, shaping, fitness.

Cosmetic terms:lifting, scrub, peeling.

The American-centricity of such current and dynamically developing spheres of life as culture, economics, business, computer technology, etc., has led to the penetration into the Russian language of a large number of Anglicisms, or rather Americanisms from these areas:

Culture: soundtrack, single, remake, action, 3D format, reality show, sitcom, pop art, comeback,pop-music, dark (heavy music), release, play-list, chart, face-control, dance, cool, remake, show business, club, fashion,summit, talk - show, briefing, prime-time, image-maker;

Computer technologies, Internet space:webcam, moderator, browser, container provider, online, offline, smile, e-mail, connect, like, site, blog, blogger, chat, internet, laptop, disk, byte, site.

Economy: marketing, promoter, merchandiser, offshore, futures, leasing; fast-food, hamburger, hot-dog, cheeseburger, boy-friend, VIP, weekend, very good, public, ok, nice, lucky, hotel, go, party, super-girl, baby, ask, looser, hi, real ,best.

Everyone has heard of numerous economic and financial terms, such as: barter, broker, voucher, dealer, distributor, marketing, investment, futures loans. - business:advergaming, branding, brand manager, preselling, supervisor;

Sport: fitness club, bowling, doping, transfer, overtime, coaching, coachbuilding,sportsman, fitness, bodybuilding, shaping, surfing.

For those who love sports, new types of sports activities appear: windsurfing, arm wrestling, freestyle, skateboarding, kickboxing, and the fighter in kickboxing is replaced by the English word fighter.

Fashion, design: trend, casting, top model, fashion brand, print, designer, the word "shopping" " sounds more attractive than the word "shopping trip», presentation, rating, briefing, shop tour, killer, talk show, showman, brain ring.

The last remark is clearly confirmed in our speech, when preference is given to Anglicism rather than to its Russian counterpart: babysitter - "nanny", weekend - "weekend", bodyguard, security- "bodyguard, security guard" creative instead of “creative”, the definition is actively used glamorous instead of adjectives "attractive, chic", welcome instead of "welcome" and many others.

A particular danger is posed by synonymous pairs in which semantic differences are lost where it is important both for meaning and for traditional ethical ideas: business instead of such fundamentally incompatible concepts as resale (unproductive labor) andentrepreneurship(productive work); sex appeal instead of masculinity or femininity, sexuality instead of sensuality or depravity.

Among the manifestations of the process of transforming the basis of Russian mentality under the influence of borrowed words by V.V. Kolesov identifies the following:

The level of subjectivity in the statement increases: concept innovation “something new that has just come into use” is not identical to the concept innovation “not necessarily new, but original, fashionable”;

The artificiality of assessment and characterization is expanding: image does not correspond to the concept image (which is a fictitious, false image);

Hidden characteristic mitigation is spreading: establishment instead bosses, underground instead of underground, corruption instead of venality;

The status of the designated person is reduced: love - sex (elimination of the spiritual and emotional component in communication).

In the language of modern Russian advertising, English dominates - “image” is everything! The term “Euro standard” has become a cliché in Russian marketing, although we in Europe have no idea what it even means. It's a made-up term designed to make Russian products seem trustworthy - if it's good enough for them, it's good enough for us!

I would say that some of the most ridiculous borrowings entered the Russian language through advertising. I’m not a fan of terms like “price list”, “upgrade” or “content”, because there are suitable Russian words for this, such as “price list”, “update” and “content”. There are too many cases when normal Russian words are replaced by borrowings from English - perhaps this is a temporary phenomenon - threatening, however, with the loss of the original vocabulary.

Here are some new Anglicisms in modern Russian slang:
Smoke, drink, epic fail, respect, chat, not ice (from an old TV ad), shoot'em'up, cool able (cool + able). (Appendix 1)

We have to admit that we ourselves use a similar mixture of languages - namely, homemade expressions “nice at all!” and “not good”.

Active borrowing of new foreign language vocabulary also occurs in less specialized areas of human activity. It is enough to recall such widely used words as presentation, nomination, sponsor, video (and derivatives: video clip, video cassette, video salon), show (and derivatives show business, talk show, showman), thriller, hit, disco, disc- jockey. Many people consider foreign vocabulary more attractive, prestigious, “scholarly,” and “beautiful-sounding.” For example:

exclusive - exceptional;
top model - the best model;
price list - price list;
image - image;

Cases have been noted when borrowings were used to denote concepts that were new to the receptor language and not available in the source language: detector, virtual, investor, digest, spray, etc.

Studying the English vocabulary of the last decades of the twentieth century in Russian, we came to the conclusion: if a concept affects important areas of human activity, then the word denoting this concept naturally becomes common.

Accordingly, the origin of these words is associated with sound distortion in the process of mastering these borrowings. A kind of play with sounds takes place.

Such words are formed by subtracting, adding, or moving some sounds in the original English term. The speech of young people easily incorporates English units, for example: shoes from shoes - shoes; superman from superman - superman; haer from hair - hair (patlas).

With the development of computer technology, English words are increasingly replenishing the vocabulary of schoolchildren. Many of the existing professional terms are cumbersome and inconvenient for daily use.

Therefore, there is a desire to shorten and simplify the word, for example:

Motherboard (motherboard) - “mother”;

CD-Rom Drive (laser disc drive) – young people now have the equivalent of a “sidyushnik”. Recently there has also been a craze for computer games, which again has served as a powerful source of new words.

The exclamation “Wow!” has become very common among young people, expressing the emotion of amazement or delight.

4. Conclusion

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that consideration of problems associated with the theory and practice of borrowings is especially significant in modern conditions, since today serious concerns are being expressed about the powerful influx of borrowings, which can lead to the devaluation of the Russian word. But language is a self-developing mechanism that can cleanse itself, get rid of the superfluous and unnecessary. This also happens with foreign words, the borrowing of which was presented during the study.

English borrowings appeared in the Russian language long before the 21st century. Anglicisms began to penetrate the Russian language at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. Words were borrowed as a result of contacts between peoples, trade and economic relations between Russia and European countries. However, the intensity of the process of replenishing youth slang with English words increased precisely at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century.

However, in spite of everything, the influx of Anglicisms into the vocabulary of the Russian language remained insignificant until the 90s. XX century: at this time, an intensive process of borrowing various English words began. This is due to changes in the sphere of political life, economics, culture and moral orientation of society.

The passion for Anglicisms has become a kind of fashion; it is due to the stereotypes and ideals created in youth society. This stereotype of the modern era is the image of an idealized American society, in which the standard of living is much higher, and high rates of technological progress lead the whole world. And by adding English borrowings to their speech, young people in a certain way approach this stereotype and become familiar with American culture and lifestyle. However, it should be noted that in general, borrowing foreign words is, first of all, one of the ways to develop a modern language, since language always quickly and flexibly responds to the needs of society.

In accordance with the results of the study, it is necessary to draw the following conclusion: the main reason for using Anglicisms is to facilitate communication between young people. As for the semantic meaning of words when translated into Russian, it cannot be said with certainty that it changes. Most of the words when translated take on the same meaning as anglicism. It should also be noted that a significant part of English words “moved” into Russian and is replaced by an English equivalent, which carries its own semantic meaning.

In accordance with the results of the study, it should be noted that the hypothesis was partially confirmed. This opens up prospects for further research on Anglicisms, which can be considered not only among young people, but also among other age and social groups.

In conclusion, it should be noted: slang will never disappear. Young people used slang many years ago, and will always use it. Without a doubt, slang changes over time, some words die, others appear. However, many Anglicisms that penetrated the slang of Russian youth long before the 21st century will forever remain in their jargon, replenished with new words every day.

Thus, we come to the conclusion that the number of Anglicisms in the Russian language is large. Among them, there are 2 main types of borrowing:

1) Words that came into the language to name new objects, a new reality or a term that has an international character. Their use in speech is justified in most cases. Although the meaning is not always correctly understood, due to ignorance of the English language:mixer, toaster, inauguration, cocktail, bowling.

2) Words of foreign origin that have synonyms in Russian. Their penetration into the language creates lexical redundancy and can interfere with understanding the meaning. The presence of lexical doublets, “one’s own” and “alien” names, is eliminated over time: one of them is established in the active composition of the language, and the other fades into the background of the language system. It is sad to realize that after several decades, the Russian language may contain a large number of words of English origin, replacing their original Russian equivalents. But in many cases this can be avoided by using Russian synonymous words and expressions.

Today, a simple man in the street, opening a newspaper with job offers, may simply not understand the meaning of the proposed vacancy (handmaker, image maker, merchandiser, provider, supervisor, realtor).

Bibliography:

1. Krysin L.P. Foreign words in modern life // Russian language of the late twentieth century. - M., 1996.

2. Grigoryan A.E. A culture of speech. Is American madness going away? // Russian speech, 2005, No. 1. pp. 62-68

3. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language / ed. N.Yu.Shvedova.-14th ed.-M.: Rus. lang., 1983.-816 p.

4. Dyakov A.I. Reasons for the intensive borrowing of Anglicisms in the modern Russian language. // Language and culture. - Novosibirsk, 2003.-P.35-43

6. Antrushina G.B., Afanasyeva O.V., Morozova N.N. Lexicology of the English language. – M., 1999.
7. Belousov V. Foreign words in the Russian language // Science and life. - 1993. - No. 8.
8. New Dictionary of Foreign Words / Ed. E.N. Zakharenko, L.N. Komissarova, I.V. Nechaev. – M., 2003. .

9. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/

10. http://www.erudition.ru/referat/ref/id.46076_1.html

Annex 1

Mini-dictionary of Anglicisms by area of use

Business and Law

outsourcing- outsourcing - transfer of part of non-core operations to a third party organization specializing in this area
best-seller- bestseller - a book that sells well
business- business (from the word busy [busy]) - occupation
businessman- businessman - entrepreneur
billing- billing - from bill - account, ticket, account management system
broker- broker, goes back to the Old French “wine merchant”
default- default
dealer- dealer - trader from deal - make deals
dealing- dealing
distributor- distributor - a wholesale agent who resells ("distributes") goods through its own network of buyers
dollar- dollar - monetary unit. USA
insider- insider (inside = inside) - a person who has access to confidential information
leasing- leasing (lease = rent, letting)
marketing- marketing (market = market)
manager- manager (manage = to lead, manage), from Lat. manus - hand
management- management
merchandiser- merchandiser
merchandising- merchandising, merchandise - goods, English borrowed from French, literally: merchandising
PR- pr (abbr. public relation) - public relations
price list- pricelist - list of prices
promotion- promotion - literally: promotion, “promotion”
promoter- promoter - a person involved in promoting something, also written: promoter, promoter
Press release- press-realese - presentation to the press of an information message by the company about itself
stagflation- stagflation (stagnation + inflation)
startup- startup - a small company developing a new product with an unknown result
office- office
offshore- offshore (off-shore = outside the coast, that is, outside the jurisdiction of the country to which the coast belongs)
a penny, pence- penny, pence - British coin
realtor- realtor - from realty - real estate
franchisor- franchiser
franchising- franchising - borrowed by English from French. franchise - franchise
GBP- pound sterling - monetary unit. Great Britain
holding- holding - one of the types of business structures

motorsport- autosport
badminton- badminton
basketball- basketball (basket + ball = literally: basket ball)
baseball- baseball (base + ball)
base jumping- base jumping - jumping from a stable base
boxing- boxing
windsurfing- windsurfing
volleyball- volleyball
handball- handball - hand ball
game- game - game
gamer- gamer - player
Goal- goal - goal
goalkeeper- goalkeeper - goalkeeper (keeper of the “gate”)
jogging- jogging - from jog - to jog
drag racing- drag racing - drag - to drag, drag
dribbling- dribbling - from dribble - to drip, seep
drift racing- drift racing - drift literally “drift, skid, skid”, that is, when the car “skids”
zorbing- zorb - a transparent sphere in which the zorbonaut rolls
kiting- kiting - kite - kite
kitesurfing- kite surfing
kickboxing- kick boxing - kick - kick, kick
clinch- clinch (boxing)
cross- cross - to cross, cross-country running
knockout- knockout (literally - knocking out, putting out of action)
knockdown-knockdown
overtime- overtime - literally: over time, extra time
offside- offside - out of the game
paintball- paintball - paint ball
pace car- pace car - safety car inauto racing.
penalty- penalty - punishment
playoffs- play-off - knockout games
rally- rally - gathering, gathering together
rugby- rugby (from the name of the area Rugby)
record holder- recordsman - a person who sets records
boxing ring- ring - ring, circle
robjumping- rob jumping - rob - rope, cable, jumping from a height, when the jumper is tied with ropes, “bungee»
surfing- surfing - surf - wave crest, surf
snowboard- snowboard - “snow board”, a board for skiing on snow
snowboarding- snowboarding
softball- softball
speedway- speedway - expressway
sport- sport from Old French desport - entertainment, leisure
athlete- sportsman - a person involved in professional sports
streetball- streetball - street basketball
street racing- street racing - street racing
half- time
time-out- time out - break in time
training- training, from train - to train
foul- foul - against the rules, wrong, dishonest
forward- forward - forward
freestyle- freestyle - free style
football- football - foot ball
midfielder- half-back - midfielder

upgrade- upgrade - updating the hardware of computer systems
applet- applet - a small application executed on the client as part of a larger one
assembler- assembler - assembler, low-level programming language
bug- bug - an error in the software [any program], literally - bug, bug
bugfix- bugfix - bug fix
byte- byte - units. change information capacity
banner- banner - flag
bit- bit (abbr. bi nary digi t ) - binary digit
blog- blog (short for “we b log” ") - diary on the Internet
blogger- blogger - a person who runs a blog
browser- browser - viewer
backslash- backslash - backslash
web- web - network, from “world wide web” - World Wide Web
decrement- decrement - decrease the operand by 1
default(value) - default (value) - default value
desktop- desktop - on top of the table (desk top = top of the desk, lid)
doorway- doorway page - entrance page
increment- increment - increase the operand by 1
Internet- internet - internetwork. The Internet connects many local networks.
internet service provider- internet service provider - Internet service provider
interface- interface - interface, joint, ways of interacting with a person. Something that helps connect the front panels of different devices (initially).
cybersquatter- cybersquatter - a person engaged in cybersquatting
cybersquatting- cybersquatting
cry- click - click, imitation of the sound that a mouse makes when pressing a key
laptop(laptop) laptop - laptop (lap = laps of a sitting person)
login- login - user name in the system. By providing it and a password, the user gains access to some service, such as a computer program
microprocessor- microprocessor
online- online, on-line - on the line, in touch
offline- offline, off-line - in real life. Disconnected from the computer network (initially)
parsing- parsing - syntactic parsing of the input sequence in accordance with the formal grammar
parser- parser - a program that implements parsing; syntactical analyzer
pixel- pixel (short for picture elemet) - the minimum addressable unit of an image on the screen
plugin- plugin (from plug in, “connect”) - a software module that extends the functionality, usually very specific, of the main application
podcasting- podcasting - ipodbroadcasting
posting- posting - writing messages on the forum
swapping- swapping - replacing one program segment in memory with another and restoring it upon request
service pack- service pack - a collection of updates, bugfixes and/or improvements, delivered as one installable package
screenshot- screenshot - screenshot
slash- slash - slash
software- software - soft product, also translated as soft equipment
servlet- servlet - a program executed on the server and extending the functionality of the web server
spam- spam - a brand of canned meat, advertising of which has become boring to many (from spiced ham)
spammer- spammer - a person who sends spam
transistor- transistor (transfer + resistor ) - variable resistance
traffic- traffic - the amount of information received and sent on a computer network, road traffic
thread- thread - thread, stream of separately executed code in a program
firewall- firewall - fire wall. A fire wall between houses that prevents the spread of fire (in this meaning in Russian the German word with the same meaning is used -firewall). A program that filters traffic and protects your computer from hacker attacks
file- file - a named location in the computer memory.
chipset- chipset - a set of chips to perform 1 or more related functions
hacker- hacker - a programmer who violates laws with his software code, in particular gaining unauthorized access and control of data
high tech- hi-tech, high technologies - high technologies
hosting- hosting from host - owner

Transport

Automotive

car- from car (trolley) - a vehicle with an internal combustion engine for transporting goods on the territory of industrial enterprises
parking- parking - parking lot;
trolleybus- from trolley (trolley rolling on wires) and bus (omnibus and bus)

Anglicization of languages under globalization.

Types, characteristics and use of borrowings.

Anglicism is a borrowing from English vocabulary. Anglicisms began to penetrate the Russian language from the beginning of the 19th century, but their influx into our vocabulary remained weak until the 1990s, when widespread borrowing began as words without corresponding concepts - in computer terminology ( shredder, overhead, plotter) and business vocabulary ( default, marketing, dealer, offshore), as well as the replacement of Russian words with English ones to express positivity or negativity that is absent from the original word in the receiving language (beer - Pub, murderer - killer).

Words borrowed from English began to appear in many languages of the world because people began to travel more, the Internet appeared, connections between countries are developing, cultural exchange has increased, English is becoming an international language of communication. It has become fashionable to use Anglicisms - young people use them to imitate Western culture, although there are not so many of them in everyday speech. Therefore, you should not be afraid of the influx of Anglicisms - this phenomenon is most likely temporary.

Types of Anglicisms

Phonological borrowings are foreign words in sound.

teenager< teenager – подросток

Hybrids

Foreign words with a Russian suffix, prefix or ending.

creative< creative – творческий

Tracing paper

Words that are similar in sound and spelling.

menu< menu

Exoticisms

Nonsynonymous designations of a special non-Russian reality

cheeseburger< cheeseburger

Barbarisms

Synonymous, but colloquially expressive inclusions from a foreign language.

OK< ОК

Wow< Wow!

Composites

Foreign words from 2 English roots.

supermarket< supermarket – универсам

Jargonisms

Foreign words with distorted sound in fast vernacular.

cool< clever – умный

False Englishisms

New formations to denote concepts and phenomena new to both languages from the addition of English or English and Russian words.

shopping tour

fur tour

loch tour

Slang anglicisms

They especially clog up speech, so they are best avoided.

asker - questioner on the forum

backstage - backstage, sidelines

deadline - deadline

laver - lover

loser - loser

organizer - shoe shelves

post – online recording

speaker - speaker, presenter, orator

traffic - road traffic

fan - fan, admirer

friendline - friendly subscription

midfielder - midfielder

Thematic Anglicisms

Today, linguists especially note the following sources of Anglicisms: advertising, the Internet, cinema, music, sports, cosmetics.

Life:

second-hand

hand-made

Electronics:

notebook

Internet

computer

Sport:

sprinter

football

snowboard

skateboard

time-out

playmaker

Professions:

security

provider

producer

pensioneer

Mass culture:

crossword

GreenPeace

talk-show

superstar

boyfriend

fashionable

Signs of Anglicisms

Very often, words borrowed from English are identified by the presence of the following parts in the word:

j< j/g

ing< ing

men(t)< men(t)

er< er

tch< (t)ch

tion< tion

English Joke

The smug satisfaction of the rustic in his clear perception and shrewd reasoning is illustrated by the dialogue between two farmers meeting on the road.

“Did you hear that old man Jones’s house burned down last night?”

“I ain’t a mite surprised. I was goin' past there in the evenin', an' when I saw the smoke a-comin' out all round under the eaves, I sez to myself, sez I, 'Where there's smoke there must be fire.' it was!”

The number of foreign words in everyday speech increases exponentially from year to year. The frustrating fact is that equivalent words exist in the Russian language and are used less and less often. The situation is getting worse thanks to the media, as well as the policies pursued by Russian ministries and departments in this direction. Increasingly, on TV screens we hear newly introduced words from the predominantly Germanic group of languages (mostly English), such as " manager", "campus", "shopping", "creativity", "digger" and other similar words. It is worth noting that presidents, prime ministers and other high-ranking officials set a bad example in the use of the above words.

Below is a list of foreign words with their equivalent meanings in Russian. The list is formed in alphabetical order. If you have any additions or want to discuss this article, you can leave your messages in a specially created topic on our forum.

About the list

The Russian language is deliberately polluted, and ordinary people forget that there are words with the same meaning in their native language. Therefore, the question comes to mind: “Where is this rich and powerful Russian language?” We began to forget about the formation of words in our language. Where did such richness come from in our language? Separate articles can be devoted to this and other similar issues.

In some countries, special institutions are created at the government level that protect the pristine nature of the native language. For example, the population in France is very attentive and attentive to the language of their everyday communication. At the same time, it is interesting that the residents of the country are primarily concerned not with the effect obtained in response to the linguistic policy of official Paris, but with the problem of the possible gradual simplification of French, and as a consequence, the impoverishment and degradation of its potential. On December 1, 1975, French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing signed a law protecting the French language from the invasion of English and any other language, and therefore foreign culture. Similar measures need to be taken in Russia.

The purpose of this article is to write equivalent Russian words to English, German and others that have found their way into our everyday use, as well as to highlight the misuse of words by celebrities and high-ranking officials.

The following words are widely used by the media in Russia and in the speeches of famous people at a time when there are original Russian meanings. If there are no such words or expressions in the list, then anyone can add them to this list by first registering in Wikijournal.

A

Authoritative - significant,
Alphabet - (came from the Greek language - ἀλφάβητος). The original word " ABC", also has the meaning " Glagolitic".
Accent - equivalent meaning emphasis.
Emphasize - Pay attention.
Analogy, Analogue, Similar - (in English and French "analogue"). Has equivalent meaning in Russian " similarity"or as an adjective" like" or " same".
Abstract - (in English "annotation"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " content".
Aristocracy (from Greek - αριστοκρατία). Equivalent word in Russian " know".

D

AND

TO

L

Legitimate - (from English "legitimate") - original Russian equivalent meaning - " law".

M

Market - (from English "market"). Equivalent value " market".
Manager is the most commonly used word in English meaning " manager" / "manager" or " supervisor". Often used in phrases office manager - in English it means " secretary".
Message - (from English "message") - this word is often used in the Russian media. Equivalent value " message".
Method - (from ancient Greek "μέθοδος" - the path of knowledge, in English "method") - means in Russian nothing more than " way".
Moment - (from Latin momentum - means driving force, but has no independent meaning. In English, "moment" means a short period of time) - equivalent meaning in Russian " moment".
Monitoring - (from the Latin word "monitor") - today this word is often used as a verb "to monitor". Russian equivalent word " track", "track".

N

Nick or Nickname - (from English "nick" or "nickname") - it is best to say " nickname", "nickname" or " pseudonym".

ABOUT

Okay - (from English "ok"). A frequently encountered word in everyday life, while in Russian there are many equivalent meanings such as " Fine", "OK", in other cases you can also say " Great", "agree", "coming", many words can be chosen, but the use is probably due to the brevity of the English version.

P

Person - (from Latin "persōna", in English "person") - equivalent meaning in Russian - " personality".
Positive - (from English "positive"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " positive". In different variations it may carry other meanings.
Prolong (from English "prolong"). No other way than " prolong" in Russian. Used in relation to the renewal of any contracts.

R

Reception - (from English "reception" - reception, accept) equivalent word in Russian " reception" (most often in hotels).
Real - (in English "real") means nothing more than " valid".

WITH

Synchronously - (from the English word "synchronously" - means "simultaneously", "at the same time").
Selfie - (from the English word "self" - means "himself" or "oneself"). This word has become widely used to mean “taking a photograph of oneself (or a group of people with oneself).” They couldn’t figure out how to take this word from the English language, whereas how can one express “ selfie". Quite understandable and in Russian.
Sketch - (from English "scatch" is translated as " sketch"). This term is widespread in the construction industry and architecture. It is interesting that in the Russian language there has long been an equivalent word " sketch", and in common people you can say " underpainting".
Speechwriter - (from English "speech" - speech and "writer" - writer) - a person who writes a speech for someone. An equivalent meaning could be the word " author" or " author of the text". This word is increasingly included in the vocabulary of central television channels and magazines.
Stagnation - (from Latin stagno - to make motionless) - equivalent meaning in Russian " stop", "slow down"or as a noun" slowdown".
Storedzh - (from English storage - storage, keep in stock) - equivalent meaning in Russian " storage".
Soldier - (from Latin "Soldus", "Solidus", in English "soldier") - the original Russian equivalent meaning " warrior", "warrior" or " howls".

T

Tolerance - (from the Latin tolerantia) an equivalent word in Russian " tolerance".
Traffic - (from English "traffic" - movement). In Russian, this word began to be used mainly in two meanings. 1) In cases of describing the transport situation on the roads - “heavy traffic” - when one can say nothing more than “ traffic congestion" or " loaded stream"(cars) or even simpler - " traffic jams". 2) In a technical sense, about the number of users who visited a particular site - “large/small traffic”, when equivalent definitions can be said " high/low attendance"(site).
Tradition - (from the Latin language "traditio" - legend, in English "tradition"). Unambiguous meaning in Russian " custom".
Trading - (from English "trade" - trade). This word is being used more and more often on the Internet. Equivalent meaning in Russian " trade".
Tour - (from English "tour"). The equivalent value is " journey".

U

Weekend - (from English "weekend"). Literally means "end of the week", no less than in Russian " weekend".
Unique (from Latin "unicus", in English "unique"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " special", "exceptional", "unique".

F

Fake - (from English "fake"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " fake".

X

Hobby - (from English "hobby") - equivalent meaning " enthusiasm".

Sh

Shopping - (from English "shop" - store) - also means " purchase"or verb" do shopping". On the sign of one of the large stores in Moscow there was the inscription "pleasant shopping" - one might say "pleasant shopping."
Show - (from English "show" - show) - equivalent meaning " show", also used in the phrases "TV show" - with the equivalent meaning " TV show" or " TV program".

E

Equivalent - (comes from the Latin word "aequivalens", in English "equivalent") - in Russian means nothing more than " equivalence".
Experiment - (comes from the Latin "experīmentum", in English "experiment") - equivalent meanings in Russian - experience, trial.
Existential - (in English the verb "exsist") - equivalent meaning " existing"

Conclusion

The list, as we see, is quite impressive and other words will gradually be added to it. Dear readers, if you have additions to this article, other foreign ones with equivalent meanings, then leave your examples on