Recently, a truly unique Atlas of Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Far Eastern region was published, which included in a separate section information about the protected areas of Yakutia, including cartographic materials, analytical reviews, photographic materials.
As part of the Second Baikal Environmental Water Forum, held on September 20-21 in Irkutsk, the author of the publication Tatiana Kalikhman presented and presented to the Yakut ecologists, workers of protected areas in the person of acting Minister of Ecology, Nature Management and Forestry Sakhamina Afanasyeva, Atlas of specially protected natural areas of the Far Eastern Federal District, in which one third is occupied by the system of protected areas of Yakutia.
The publication contains detailed information about the unique places of Yakutia - reserves of federal status, natural parks, state nature reserves and resource reserves.
Note that in Yakutia currently the total area of specially protected natural areas is 1,154 thousand square meters. km,or about 37.4% of the entire territory of the republic.
The Atlas is addressed to a wide range of specialists: ecologists, geographers, biologists, specialists of local self-government bodies, as well as teachers and teachers, students and schoolchildren, local historians and all nature lovers.
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The creation of the Atlas became possible thanks to the scientific potential of the creative team of the Institute of Geography of the SB RAS and the support of the Russian Geographical Society. The publication was developed and prepared for publication under the leadership of Tatiana Kalikhman, research associate of the laboratory of physical geography and landscape mapping of the Institute of Geography named after V.I. V.B. Sochavy SB RAS.
To develop a section on Yakutia, the publishing group carried out expeditionary work in the Khangalassky ulus. She studied the landscape of the protected areas of the republic on the example of the protected areas of the three central regions. Together with the head of the Khangalass inspectorate for nature protection and the state inspectors of nature protection of the Directorate of Bioresources and Protected Areas of the Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the territories of the resource reserves "Jorono", "Kharyyalakh" and "Kenkeme" were examined.
In collecting materials on the republic, significant assistance was provided by the working group headed by the Deputy Minister Yakov Zarovnyaev... The members of the working group visited many protected areas of the republic to obtain detailed information and photographic materials, analyze and evaluate the available data on the network of the republican system of protected areas.
The Ministry of Ecology, as a token of gratitude for the contribution to the development of the Atlas, presented the project manager, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Honored Ecologist of Russia Tatyana Kalikhman and the organizer of field work, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Honored Traveler of Russia Arkady Kalikhman for departmental awards.
STATE NATURAL RESERVE "TIGIREKSKY"
"MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS OF SOUTH SIBERIA: STUDY, PROTECTION AND RATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT"
The second interregional scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the organization
Tigirek reserve
Proceedings of the Tigirek Reserve Issue 3
Barnaul - 2010
UDC 58 + 59 + 91 + 631.4 + 502.7
BBK 20.1 (253.7) y431 + 28.088 l64 y431
Mountain ecosystems of Southern Siberia: study, protection and rational use of natural resources. Proceedings of the Tigirek reserve. Issue 3. Barnaul, 2010.303 p.
The collection contains materials presented at the II interregional scientific-practical conference dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the organization of the Tigirek reserve "Mountain ecosystems of Southern Siberia: Study, protection and rational use of natural resources." The data of modern studies of natural complexes of the "Tigireksky" GPP are summarized. The strategy of development and functioning of the system of specially protected natural territories of the Altai-Sayan ecoregion is analyzed. Topical issues of studying the relief, climate and soils of mountain territories, studying and protecting the flora and fauna of the mountains of Southern Siberia, problems of sustainable development of regions are considered.
The collection is designed for a wide range of specialists working in the field of biology, ecology and nature conservation, as well as everyone who is not indifferent to the problems of protection and rational use of natural resources.
Editorial board: E. N. Bochkareva, N. I. Bykov, P. V. Golyakov, E. A. Davydov, N. L. Irisova, T. A. Terekhina
The publication was prepared with the support of Zoloto Kuryi LLC
© FSI State Natural Reserve "Tigireksky"
TIGIREKSKY STATE NATURAL RESERVE
MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS OF SOUTH SIBERIA: STUDY, CONSERVATIN AND RATIONAL NATURE USE
The second interregional scientific-practical conference, devoted to the 10-year anniversary of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve establishment
Proceedings of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve Volume 3
Mountain ecosystems of South Siberia: study, conservatin and rational nature use.
Proceedings of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve, 2010. Vol. 3. Barnaul, 2010.303 pp.
Reports presented at the first interregional scientific-practical conference "Mountain ecosystems of South Siberia: study, conservatin and rational nature use", devoted to the 10-year anniversary of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve establishment, are compiled in the book. Data on present-day investigations of natural complexes in Tigirek ("Tigireksky") reserve are summarized. The developmental strategy and activity of the system of especially protected natural areas in Altai-Sayan mountainous ecoregion are analyzed. Actual problems of mountainous relief, climate and soil investigation, flora and vegetation, fauna and animal population of South Siberian Mts. study and protection, stable development of the region are considered.
The book may be interesting to a wide range of specialists in the field of biology, ecology, and nature protection, as well as to anyone anxoius in problems of natural resources stable use and protection.
Editorial board:
E. N. Bochkaryova, N. I. Bykov, E. A. Davydov, P. V. Golyakov, N. L. Irisova, T. A. Terekhina
This publication has been made with support of Zoloto Kurii L.l.c
© FSI Tigirek State Natural Reserve
aimed at increasing the effectiveness of control over the observance of protected areas and preventing violations of environmental legislation in relation to protected areas. Following the example of many Western countries, the economic value of protected areas is currently being determined in the Republic of Tajikistan.
Boyko V.A., Garanin V.I., Lyubarskiy E.L. et al. Scientific basis for the formation of the system of protected areas in the Republic of Tatarstan // Specially protected natural territories of the Republic of Tatarstan. -Kazan, 1995. -S. 14-17.
State Register of Specially Protected Natural Areas of the Republic of Tatarstan. Second edition. -Kazan, 2007.-428 p.
Red Book of the Republic of Tatarstan: animals, plants, mushrooms. 1st ed. - Kazan, 1995. - 452 p .; 2nd ed. -Kazan, 2006 .-- 832 p.
Lyubarskiy E.L. On the organization of the steppe reserve of the Republic of Tatarstan // Specially protected natural territories of the Republic of Tatarstan. - Kazan, 1995.- S. 54-55.
There are discussing motives, facts and actions at strategy of development of the EPNT system in Tatarstan Republic.
SPECIALLY PROTECTED TERRITORIES OF THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA: THE CREATION OF THEIR SYSTEM IN THE NEW ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
SPECIALLYPROTECTED TERRITORIES OF RUSSIAN FAREAST: ESTABLISHMENT OF THEIR SYSTEM UNDER NEW ECONOMICAL CONDITIONS
The necessity of creating an ecological framework of the territory (ECT) in the Far East of Russia (RF), which includes outstanding in terms of biota quality and protective value of ecosystems of four levels (global, regional, basin (catchments of significant rivers) and local), has been substantiated. The purpose of ECT is to preserve for eternity the gene pool and the most valuable natural resource potential, the most important task is to protect biological diversity and ecosystems, incl. at the level of reserves, national parks and functioning reserves. As of today, DV EKT has been created only in the Kamchatka Territory. The need for ECT in a market economy is only growing. The frame and its buffer zone from Primorye to Kamchatka should include from 16 to 60% of the land.
Key words: biological diversity, ecological framework of the territory, gene pool, conservation of forests, water protection forests, national natural parks, forest protection.
The new edition of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation (2007) considers “sustainable forest management, preservation of biological diversity of forests, increasing their potential, preservation of environmental, water protection, protective ... and other useful functions of forests” as fundamentally important (Art. 1, p. 17) , and "the main territorial units of management in the field of use, protection, protection, reproduction of forests" recognizes forestry and forest parks (Art. 23, p. 25). At the same time, Articles 71, 72 and 75 on pages 43-46 do not provide for lists of forest tracts that are not subject to sale or lease, which will inevitably lead to the theft of wood and biota without proper remedial and protective measures, and even more so fire-prevention arrangements.
This complex problem could be solved by the timely establishment at the federal and regional levels of ecological or ecological-geographic frameworks of territories (ECT) and their delimitation with further fire-prevention arrangement. In that case, perhaps
UDC 502.3 +502.6: 574 (571.6)
Urusov V.M. Petropavlovsky B.S. Varchenko L.I.
the forest infrastructure operating until 1992, effectively conserving the Russian forest, would have been preserved.
In Primorye, with its more than 13 million hectares of forest with a total stock of 1759 million m3 of stem wood and more than 17 million m3 of its annual growth, instead of 31 forestry enterprises with 137 forestry districts, in 2007, Primorskoye Lesnichestvo KSU was established with 12 branches and 7 protected areas ... At the same time, in the Roshchinsky branch of "Primles" with an area of 1,700 thousand hectares, 10 forest districts were cut, in which in 2009 there were 35 foresters. And only 38 tenants preparing the forest. Roshchinsky forester with more than 30 years of experience Lyubov Spirenkova considers the main shortcomings of the new Forest Code to be the absence of a provision on the protection of forests from unauthorized felling, the absence of forest protection, the requirement to develop clear cut areas of no more than 5 hectares, which, under local conditions, leads to huge costs for forest users when changing felling and drying out trees on neighboring uncut plots. However, for multi-breed forests of different ages in the lowlands of the south of the Far East (RF), conditionally clear felling is preferable with the preservation of groups of trees of the most valuable species and returning to felling after six years to care for the undergrowth of valuable species and to lighten it. After another six years, the withdrawal is repeated. Otherwise, in decades, there will be no more than 5% of conifers (Sibirina, 2003).
Market relations in the forest, firstly, eliminated its protection, and secondly, formalized the restoration of the best species, care for the renewal and tree stand, and even more so forest selection activities, now transferred to the state-owned enterprise KPPK "PrimLHO". And KPPK will apply for forest inventory and other documents to the branch of the Primorsky forestry, because it does not own the documents itself. Will the tenant create and maintain the fire protection systems provided for in Article 53 of the Forest Code, and even more so, will he be able to take proper care of at least the stand, ensuring the maximum yield of stem wood in 4080-120 years? It is unlikely that he came to the forest for this. And from the options for an increase of 1.5-2.5-3 m3 / ha / year in an oak forest and 2-5 m3 / ha / year or more in an ash forest, it is good if the minimum is realized. And this despite the fact that the loss from 1 hectare per year of 2-4 m3 of wood gain at today's prices is equal to the loss of 100-200 and even 400-800 US dollars.
The branches of the Primorsky forestry themselves rightly consider the return to forest protection and strict control over the export of wood from the region, including export from the country, to be the solution to local forest problems. And one more thing - the restructuring of forest management resembles the fate of RAO UES, when, on the way to free competition, the price of electricity was first increased, and then there is a loss of energy capacity instead of introducing new ones. And this is taking into account that wood will forever remain one of the main demanded resources of the Far East, especially the processed timber of its most valuable species, which will not give the PRC and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region a proper scale.
The ecological-geographical framework of the territory is a system of land areas from the tract and above, as well as water areas with a special protection regime, which ensures the preservation of its biological diversity and ecosystems for eternity, and also guarantees, if not stability, then the restoration of the water balance of the territory. An important link in the ECT is - at least it could be - the forests of the first group.
N.F. Reimers and F.R.Shtilmark (1978) note that “the system of protected natural areas should be considered as a special branch of the national economy, providing an increase in the national product through maintaining the ecological balance. Protected areas are not withdrawn from economic circulation, but are transformed into a special form of the national economy, usually more efficient, although not traditional. "
We consider the tract to be a part of the geographic space, which is an economic entity. In the Far East, the natural boundary is most often the basin of a large spring or rivers with tributaries. In this case, the length of the river rarely exceeds 20 km. For example, the reserve "Kedrovaya Pad" is mainly a basin-basin of the river. Kedrovaya, where the most valuable ecosystems occupy the upper half of the catchment area and partly the watershed ridges. It is for natural boundaries with a main watercourse of the first tens of kilometers that it is most convenient to design and equip elements of the ecological frame. This will determine the basin principle of nature management, including the formation of recreational systems V.I. Prelovsky, A.M. Korotkiy et al. (1996).
PA system: functioning and development strategy
Despite the destruction of the state forest protection system since 1992, the strange situation with the forests of the first group, which at least can be given to the "private trader", at the moment there are prerequisites for just the expanded allocation and arrangement of ECT: concentration of the population in a few points, closure productions, liquidation of settlements in the depths of administrative territories and forests. In 2003, at the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, a doctoral dissertation was defended on the problems of biodiversity conservation in new conditions, when a “no-man's space” arises between cities, and the polarization of the landscape and the desertion of inter-agglomeration zones make it possible to proceed to the creation of “macro-regional ecological networks” (Schwartz, 2003 ). The collapse of the economy may well contribute to “stabilization / conservation of natural and semi-natural landscapes and / or environmental management regimes at the most suitable stage of urbanization for the preservation of ecosystems - the“ compression ”of economic space” (Schwartz, 2003, p. 44). It would seem that it is possible to expand existing reserves, create new ones, establish and equip national natural parks (NNP). But where is the means for this? Yu. Odum (1975) considered it necessary to preserve 1/3 of the territories in their natural state. N.F. Reimers and F.R.Shtilmark (1978) consider it necessary to allocate 80% of the land for specially protected areas in the mountains, 98% in the tundra, including reindeer pastures, 80-90% in the northern taiga, 50% in the southern taiga, deciduous forests - 30-35%, in the forest-steppe - 33%, in the steppe - 20-40%.
In the "Environmental Program for the Far East" (Khudyakov et al., 1989), the ratio of protective, buffer and user lands for Primorye in the Khanka basin is defined as 1: 2: 3, in the mountainous part of the region - 1: 2: 1; for the Khabarovsk Territory - 1: 2: 2nayugeiZ: 2: 1 in the north, as for the Amur Region; for the Sakhalin region - 2: 1: 1 in the south and 3: 3: 1 in the north and the Kuril Islands; for the Magadan region - 3: 3: 1 in the low mountains of the river. Kolyma and in the south and 5: 2: 1 in the middle mountains and in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; for the Kamchatka region - 4: 2: 1 in the basin of the river. Kamchatka - 4: 2: 1 and 6: 2: 1 - in the rest of the territory. In general terms, these ratios reflected the state of the biopotential of the territories and the importance of protecting the catchments of spawning rivers. And they passed the Forest Code.
And what was the actual ratio of protective, buffer and user lands in the Far East in 1989? In Primorye, it was close to 1: 0.5: 2.5; in the Amur region - 1: 1: 8; Magadan - 1: 0: 8; in Kamchatka - 1: 0: 4. And since that time, despite the increased number of nature reserves - their number in the Far East increased from 13 in 1987 to 20 in 1994 (Urusov, 2000), the real situation has worsened, and apparently only protected areas remain protected. Wildlife reserves and natural monuments could be important ECT nodes in the planned economy, when they protected ecosystems from state-owned enterprises. Now they cannot protect against individual and mafia poaching. Still, let's hope for the best and see how to fill the ECT and how to use its best links.
Maintaining the ECT in working order, of course, requires a new level of organization of nature protection through the State Committees for Nature Conservation and Forestry (which currently do not exist), in particular, the separation of the areas of activity for the implementation of ecosystem restoration programs developed in the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and industry institutes and nature protection. It will also require a new quality of infrastructure (for example, in the system of forestry, cooperative industrial enterprises, tourism and recreation), and new biotechnical, reaclimatization, and reintroduction programs. The creation of NPP and tourism enterprises seems to be a very significant way of a fairly quick self-sustaining construction of ECT, will give new prospects and jobs and will divert at least part of the funds siphoned off by international tourism. However, the content of recreational programs in our impeccable climate should be very diverse: from health-improving to educational. And the offered "fashion" product should hardly be limited to lingonberries, honey, mineral collections and photo sessions against the backdrop of bays and volcanoes.
E.N. Sokhina and E.S. Zarkhin (1988) considered it necessary to identify the components of ECT at four levels: global, regional, basin and local. This principle of creating ECT territories was also adopted by us, although when drawing up a detailed scheme and a map of the frame, it may be necessary to isolate the supra-regional level (Urusov, 2000).
Today, in the region, ECT is mainly legally formalized and operates only in the Kamchatka Territory (Smetanin et al., 2008) and includes three reserves - Kronotsky, Komandorsky,
Koryaksky; five natural parks, 24 reserves, 24 natural monuments with a total area of protected areas of 10.336 million hectares. This is 11.8% of the region's area.
LITERATURE
Forest Code of the Russian Federation. New edition. Moscow, Kremlin, December 4, 2006 - Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk State University Publishing House, 2007 .-- 75 p. Odum Y. Fundamentals of Ecology. - M .: Mir, 1975 .-- 740 p.
Prelovsky V.I., Korotkiy A.M., Puzanova I.Yu. and other Basin principle of the formation of recreational systems in Primorye. Book. 2. Vladivostok: TIT FEB RAS, JSC Primorgrazhdanproekt, 1996. - 149 p. Reimers N.F., Shtilmark F.R. Specially protected natural areas. - M .: Mysl, 1978 .-- 296 p. Sibirina A.A. Optimization of the forest formation process in cedar-deciduous forests after conditional
clear cut (on the example of the Verkhneussuriyskiy station): author. Diss ...... Cand. s.-kh. sciences. - Ussuriisk,
Smetanin A.N. The functional structure of the biota of Kamchatka and the development of a system of measures for the preservation of biological diversity: dissertation in the form of scientific. report for a job. uch. step, doctor of biological sciences - Vladivostok: FENU, 2008. -98 p.
Sokhina E.N., Zarkhina E.S. Ecological framework of the territory in the system of regulation of nature management // Social ecology and human health in the Far East: abstracts. report region, scientific. conf. -Khabarovsk, 1988. -S. 9-10.
Urusov V.M. Far East: nature management in a unique landscape. - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2000. -340 p. Khudyakov G.I., Urusov V.M., Kitaev I.V. and other Environmental program for the Far East. 1-3. Preprint. -Vladivostok: Far East Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1989. - P. 27, 56, 63.
E.A. Schwartz Ecological and geographical problems of preserving the natural biodiversity of Russia: author. diss ... ... doct. biol. sciences. - M .: IG RAN, 2003 .-- 49 p.
A necessity of establishing in the Russian Far East the ecological framework of territory - EKT - which includes ecosystems of 4 levels (global, regional, basin (catchment areas of large rivers) and local) significant in high-quality biota and protective value is substantiated ... The goal of the EKT is to preserve in perpertuity a gene pool and most valuable natural-resource potential; critical goal is to protect a biodiversy and ecosystems including protection at the level of nature reserves, national parks and wildlife preserves. To date, the EKT in the Far East has only established in Kamchatka Krai. A necessity of the EKT under conditions of the market economy increases. The EFT and its buffer area from Primorye to Kamchatka should include 16-60% of lands.
UDC 581.9 (470.315)
Borisova E.A. Borisova E.A.
SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORIES OF THE IVANOVO REGION AND PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION OF RARE PLANT SPECIES
SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURE AREAS OF THE IVANOVO REGION AND THE PROBLEMS OF RARE PLANT SPECIES CONSERVATION
Ivanovo State University, Ivanovo. Email: [email protected]
The modern system of specially protected territories of the Ivanovo region, which includes 4 reserves and 146 natural monuments, is characterized. The problems of protection of rare species of local flora, first of all species of the Red Book, are noted. A comprehensive system of effective measures is presented to prevent negative, irreversible processes, preserve phyto-diversity and sustainable development of the region.
Key words: specially protected natural areas, rare plant species, Ivanovo region.
The Ivanovo region is located in the center of the European part of Russia, between the Volga and Klyazma rivers. In terms of area, this is one of the smallest regions in Russia, characterized by a high level of urbanization and developed industrial production (the area of the region is 21.4 thousand km2, the population is 1,176.2 thousand people, including the urban population is more than 80%).
In the reserve and its protected zone, it is prohibited to take any animals and plants, pollution of the natural environment, the movement of ships and vehicles, entry, residence on the coast and islands. An auxiliary, but essential role in the protection of the Far Eastern State Marine Park will be played by an extensive buffer zone in the form of the projected Marine Park in the Peter the Great Bay.
The species composition of animals and plants in the reserve is very diverse, which is associated with a significant variety of living conditions. As a result, there are both warm-water - subtropical and even tropical species, and cold-water - boreal and boreal-arctic; from here, their larvae spread to the neighboring areas of the Peter the Great Bay. The hydrology of the reserve's waters is also essential for the richness of marine life.
There are 3 main vertical zones in the coastal zone: supralittoral, littoral and sublittoral. The supralittoral, or splash zone, is located above the upper level of the highest design tide. However, due to wind waves and especially during storms, the sea throws algae and various benthic invertebrates here. In addition, small crustaceans, some beetles and their larvae, wingless insects, and worms constantly live here. Particularly large accumulations of algae and animals thrown out by the sea are found on sandy beaches.
The next zone - the littoral, or intertidal zone - occupies a strip from the highest calculated high tide to the lowest low tide. The lower boundary of the littoral zone is taken as 0 depths, and from it the readings of depths and heights, plotted on nautical charts, are carried out. The littoral area is characterized by certain animals and plants adapted to life in these peculiar conditions. In summer, during low tide, the temperature in the littoral zone rises significantly, in winter ice floes moving under the influence of waves have an abrasive effect on animals and plants, during a storm they are beaten by waves. In this regard, the organisms inhabiting the littoral have adaptive adaptations that allow them to live in this zone. They crawl into crevices and puddles between stones, cling to them or attach to hard surfaces.
The largest number of species of animals and plants lives in the sublittoral, located from the lower boundary of the littoral to a depth of 200 m.Among the population of the waters of the reserve there are more than 200 species of macroalgae and 200 species of fish, more than 300 species of bivalve and gastropod molluscs, more than 200 species of marine worms, about 100 species crustaceans, 40 - echinoderms, numerous other groups of cold-water - boreal-arctic and warm-water - subtropical and even tropical invertebrate marine organisms. Tropical sharks and sea snakes have been encountered in the waters of the reserve.
2.2. Ussuriysky Reserve named after V.L.Komarov
The main treasure of the Ussuriysky reserve is a fairly large array of virgin liana coniferous-deciduous forests, which are almost not preserved either in the Russian Far East or in neighboring countries.
The reserve bears the name of Academician Vladimir Leontievich Komarov - the largest Russian botanist, researcher of the flora of East Asia. He was the first to describe this territory, visiting it in 1913.
The reserve was created back in 1932, since then its area has significantly increased, which now amounts to 40.4 thousand hectares.
The purpose of creating the reserve
1. Protection of intact mountain forest ecosystems of the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin, their flora and fauna, in many respects belonging to the Manchurian complex, with a high level of endemism.
2. preservation of rare species of plants and animals.
The reserve is located in the southern part of Primorsky Krai on the territory of two districts (Ussuriysky and Shkotovsky) on the southern slopes of the Przhevalsky mountains. The area of the protected area is 40432 hectares. There are no high mountains (maximum height - 498 m, Mount Grabovaya), and rapid rivers. Its wealth is a relatively large massif of virgin liana coniferous-deciduous forests, which are almost not preserved in the territory of the Russian Far East and neighboring countries.
868 species of vascular plants grow here, including 15 species listed in the Red Data Books of the USSR and Russia (real ginseng, dense-flowered pine, high zamaniha, etc.), 252 species of bryophytes, 118 lichens, 1364 mushrooms, 210 algae.
Vertebrates are represented by 62 species of mammals (including the Red Book ones - giant shrew, Amur tiger, Far Eastern forest cat, sika deer, Himalayan bear, etc.); more than 160 species of birds (among them the Red Data Book - mandarin duck, black stork, needle-footed scoop, hawk buzzard, crested wasp eater, etc.), 7 species of reptiles, 6 species of amphibians (including the Ussuri lungless clawed newt listed in the IUCN Red Book), 12 types of fish and cyclostomes.
The world of invertebrates is no less rich, 32 species are rare and endangered (Uvarov's grasshopper, narrow-breasted ground beetle, etc.). The reserve is inhabited by the largest beetle of the fauna of Russia - the relic barbel, large tropical butterflies - Saturnia Artemis, Bramea Tancre, Maak's tail beetle, freshwater mollusk - the Primorskaya pearl mussel - is found here.
In general, the reserve plays an important role in the protection of rare plant and animal species. A large volume of scientific research is carried out here, including those of direct economic importance (in particular, on the study of melliferous, medicinal, and fruit plants).
2.3. National Park "Udege Legend"
The Udegeskaya Legend National Park was established on June 09, 2007, and is located in the Krasnoarmeyskiy District of the Primorskiy Territory of the Russian Federation. It includes part of the basin of the Bolshaya Ussurka River in its middle reaches and the lower part of the Armu River, as well as the lower part of the Perevalnaya River valley. On the adjacent territory, in the immediate vicinity of the borders of the national park, there are three settlements: the village of Dalny Kut, the village of Dersu and the village of Ostrovnoye.
The main role in its formation is played by the valleys of the Bolshaya Ussurka rivers and its large right tributary - the Armu, dividing the territory into three large parts.
The highest elevation within the territory is Mount Armu (1330 m). The height of the watershed ridges and mountain peaks varies from 650 to 1100 m. The bottom of the river valleys is located at elevations of 180 - 550 m. There are oxbow lakes, rarely swamps.
Elephants of the mountains are covered with a forest with a predominance of coniferous trees, broad-leaved species dominate in the valley part, and rocky outcrops and kurumniks can also be found on the slopes of the mountains.
Among the tasks facing the national park are the preservation of the valley complex of the rivers on the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin, the creation of conditions for regulated ecological tourism, the introduction of environmental education, environmental education and scientific programs, and the involvement of the local population in environmental protection activities. The historical and archaeological value of the territory is also noteworthy - 28 archaeological monuments of various historical epochs have been registered here, ranging from Stone Age sites to medieval settlements.
Purpose of creation:
Preservation of the valley complex of rivers on the western macroslope of the Sikhote-Alin; the revival of the ethnic culture of the Iman Udege; creation of conditions for regulated ecological tourism; introduction of environmental education, environmental education and research programs on the territory of the district and the region, the involvement of the local population in environmental activities.
The national park plays an important role in the conservation of the Amur tiger, as it is one of its main habitats in winter. In the cedar-deciduous forests growing on the territory of the park, more than 40 species of rare and requiring special protection of plant species are registered, about 70 species of birds nest, including 9 rare (fish owl, black stork, mandarin duck, black crane, etc.), inhabits over 25 species of mammals and about 10 thousand species of insects, of which 28 are listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Since ancient times, the Udege, an indigenous small people, has been conducting traditional nature management on the territory of the park. The local Udege also have their own sacred places bequeathed to them by their ancestors, keeping their spirituality, history, energy, capable of influencing the fate of the taiga. The valley of the Bolshaya Ussurka River (the old name is Iman) has been inhabited since the Stone Age. Monuments of archeology, different cultures and peoples are found everywhere here. Currently, 116 people from among the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Far East live in the park and in its environs. 45 historical and archaeological monuments and 5 ethnological objects used by the Udege for carrying out cult rites and rituals have been identified here. One of such places is the tract "Orochonsky god", widely known among the residents of the Krasnoarmeysky district. Here tourists usually leave rag knots, traditional for the Udege, on the branches of a tree and prepare a light lunch over a fire on the very bank of the Armu River. In the immediate vicinity of the borders of the national park, there are three settlements - the village of Dalny Kut - 230 inhabitants, the village of Dersu - 37 inhabitants with a predominance of the Old Believers' population of retirement age and the village of Ostrovnoye - 2 inhabitants.
a. Main objects of protection
The main protected objects are the following types:
birds: fish eagle owl, black cormorant, black stork, scaly merganser, mandarin duck, hawk hawk, Siberian grouse, wasp eater, white-tailed eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon, Far Eastern stork;
mammals: Amur tiger, Himalayan bear;
reptiles: Far Eastern turtle, Amur snake, line;
fish: taimen, trout;
insects: relic barbel, vicarious earwig, cave grasshopper, Schrenk's ground beetle, Maksimovich's beauty, pyrocelia firefly, mossy bumblebee, Schrenk's bumblebee, modestus bumblebee, rare bumblebee, Chersky bumblebee, lyometopum ant,
nasal Palaearctic, Epicopeia, Saturnia Artemis, Bramea Takre, snake-winged scoop, puff-winged scoop, magnificent moth, blue sash, Machaon Machaon, common swallowtail, Apollo Eversmann, Sennitsa Gero, Shrenk's rainbow, iris iris, mourning box
flora:
Vascular plants: Pyrrosia long-petiolus, Tamarisk lily, Medium coniogram, Pointed yew, Symplocarpus pocholiferous, Lilia two-row, Lilia Pennsylvanian, Lilia Bush, Callous lily, Lilia dwarf, Dioscorea japonica, Slippery spotted, Sashmachok , Lychnis sparkling, Euryale awesome, Small egg capsule, Peony lactic-flowered, Peony obovate, Schisandra Chinese, Badan Pacific, Ginseng real, Rhododendron pointed, Abelia Korean, Popoviocodonia narrow-fruited, Amazing cross-paired microbiota, Calypsoen
Plant communities: Geomorphological complex of associations: valley cedar-deciduous forests; The group of associations is broadleaf-cedar forests with pointed yew; Group of associations cedar forests with koniogramma ash; The group of associations are hummock-sedge spruce forests; Larch forest formation.
Literature:
1.Far East Marine Biosphere Reserve. Research Otv. ed. A.N. Tyurin Vladivostok: Dalnauka Vol. 1. 848 s. 2004
2.http: //www.pgpb.ru/cd/primor/ zap_prim / ussuri / usop.htm. Usuriysky State Reserve named after V.L. Komarov
3. N.G. Vasiliev, E.N. Matyushkin, Yu.V. Kuptsov, 1985
4 A.V. Zhirmunsky, E.V. Krasnov, L.P. Perestenko, V.P. Shunts. Far Eastern Marine Reserve. // Reserves of the USSR. Reserves of the Far East. - M, Thought, 1985
5.http: //oopt.info/index.php? oopt = 1431 Udege Legend National Park
6. http://www.ud-legend.ru/ National Park "Udege Legend"
7. Petrov V.V. Environmental law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005.
8. Natural resources law and legal protection of the environment. Textbook for universities / Under. ed. V.V. Petrov. - M., 2005 ..
9. Article 7 of the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Areas".
10. Art. 243 "Destruction or damage of monuments of history and culture" of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Appendix
Ussuriysky named after acad. V.L. Komarova
Far Eastern Marine
Biosphere reserve
Udege legend
National park
V.V. Petrov Environmental law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005.S. 45-49.
Natural resource law and legal protection of the environment. Textbook for universities / Under. ed. V.V. Petrov. - M., 2005.S. 123.
V.V. Petrov Environmental law of Russia. Textbook. - M., 2005.S. 203
Article 7 of the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Areas".
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