Anatoly Pristavkin: biography, creativity, books and reviews. Anatoly Pristavkin Pristavkin

Anatoly Ignatievich Pristavkin(October 17, 1931, Lyubertsy (Moscow region) - July 11, 2008, Moscow) - Soviet and Russian writer, public figure.

Biography

Born into a working class family. During the war, he was left an orphan (his mother died of tuberculosis, his father was at the front), was brought up in an orphanage, studied at a vocational school, worked in Sernovodskaya at a cannery. After the war, he began to participate in amateur performances, he began to write poetry himself - soon they were published in the newspaper. In 1952 he graduated from the Moscow Aviation College. He worked as an electrician, radio operator, instrument operator.

After serving in the army, Pristavkin entered the Literary Institute. A.M. Gorky, where he studied at the seminar of Lev Oshanin and graduated in 1959. At the same time, Pristavkin made his debut as a prose writer - in No. 6 of the Yunost magazine for 1959, a series of short stories "Military Childhood" was published. During the construction of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station, he became a correspondent for the Literaturnaya Gazeta, at the same time working in a team of concrete workers.

During these years he wrote the documentary stories "My Contemporaries" (1959); Bonfires in the Taiga (1964); Seliger Seligerovich (1965); the novel "The Dove" (1967), based on which the film of the same name was shot in 1978. In the 70s and 80s, the stories “The Soldier and the Boy”, “Radio Tamara”, and the novel “Town” were published. Since 1981 A. Pristavkin taught at the Literary Institute, conducted a prose seminar; Associate Professor of the Department of Literary Arts.

Worldwide fame to Anatoly Pristavkin was brought by the story “A golden cloud spent the night” published in 1987, which touches upon the deportation of the Chechen people in 1944. In his work, the author tried to say frankly about what he experienced himself and what painfully burned his soul - the world is not worthy of existence if he kills children. In 1988 she was awarded the USSR State Prize. Within a few years after its release, the story was translated into more than 30 languages. In May 1990, the eponymous drama film based on the story "A Golden Cloud Slept" (Gorky Film Studio, 1989, director Sulambek Mamilov) was released.

In 1988, the story "Kukushata" appeared. In 1990 she was awarded the All-German National Prize for Children's Literature. Novels "Soldier and Boy", "Kukushata", novels "Town", "Ryazanka" (1991), "Valley of the Shadow of Death" (2000), "My Distant Carriage" (2004), documentary story "Quiet Baltic" (1990) , the collection of fairy tales "The Flying Aunt" (2007) has also been translated into many foreign languages. The works of A. Pristavkin were translated by Slavists, laureates of awards in the field of literary translation Thomas Reschke (Germany), Michael Glaney (Great Britain), Lars-Erik Blomkvist (Sweden), Miura Midori (Japan) and others. The novel by Pristavkin was translated into French by the granddaughter of Vladimir Nabokov, Antoinette Rubishu.

In 1991 he headed the council of the independent writers' movement "April" at the Moscow Writers' Organization of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR. At the same time, he joined the steering committee of the international movement for the abolition of the death penalty "Hands off Cain." He was the secretary of the Writers' Union of the Russian Federation, a member of the Union of Cinematographers of Russia, a member of the NIKA Film Academy, a member of the Board of Trustees of the All-Russian Sambo Federation, a member of the Executive Committee of the Russian PEN Center. For many years he was a permanent member of the jury of the International Human Rights Film Festival "Stalker". Since December 2008, the special Anatoly Pristavkin Prize has been awarded annually at the film festival.

Since 1992, Anatoly Pristavkin - Chairman of the Pardon Commission under the President of the Russian Federation, and since December 2001 - Adviser to the President of the Russian Federation on pardon issues. The work of A. Pristavkin on the post of chairman of the first all-Russian commission on pardons was noted with the Thanks of the Presidents of Russia B. N. Yeltsin and V. V. Putin. The experience of A. Pristavkin's work in the Pardon Commission was reflected in his documentary novel Valley of the Shadow of Death.

In 2002, Anatoly Pristavkin became a laureate of the Alexander Men International Prize for his contribution to the development of cultural cooperation between Russia and Germany in the interests of the peaceful construction of a European home.

Writer

Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1987)

Anatoly Pristavkin was born on October 17, 1931 in the city of Lyubertsy, Moscow Region.

Peter Pristavkin, the writer's grandfather, was considered a revolutionary in the village. Returning from St. Petersburg in 1905, he told fellow villagers about the strikes, for which the authorities took him into custody, sending a company of soldiers.

Ignat Petrovich Pristavkin - the father of the writer, worked as a carpenter, cabinetmaker, gasman. The father himself lined or made new shoes for the children. Before the war, the Pristavkin family with relatives lived in a wooden communal apartment - 8 people on 8 square meters. The parents had a bed, Anatoly had a sofa, his sister had a stroller, the rest of the adults slept on the floor with their feet under the bed, and their heads under the table, and the one who got up to work first stepped over the others.

Anatoly Pristavkin himself considered childhood the happiest period of his life, despite the fact that his mother, Evdokia Artemovna, was terminally ill.

Anatoly was brought up on excellent films - "Chapaev", "Kotovsky", "Salavat Yulaev", "Shchors", read the works of Barto and Chukovsky, and later - Panteleev. His story "The Clock" became the boy's favorite work.

When the war began, Pristavkin was in his 10th year. His father went to the front, and his mother soon died of tuberculosis. Ignat Pristavkin inherited the stamina and firmness of his grandfather, which he showed at the front, where he fought for 4 years. And numerous Smolensk relatives of the Pristavkins left from 1941 to partisans before the arrival of the Soviet army.

Meanwhile, Anatoly wandered throughout the war, and everything that went to homeless children during the war fell to his lot in full measure. Children of the repressed, military personnel, orphans lived in orphanages, among them there were well-read boys who told novels with a sequel, stretched out for many evenings - this is how Anatoly got acquainted with the works of Hugo. Some of the guys portrayed the movie in their faces - Pristavkin knew the film "Circus" in the orphanage by heart, and the picture "The Baghdad Thief", which made a huge impression on him, he himself retells many times.

In 1944, the boy ended up in the North Caucasus, where, after the deportation of the Chechens, Moscow street children were sent to settle the territories that had become empty. Since that time, Anatoly Ignatievich has kept a finca made for a child's hand. About that time, Pristavkin will say after a while: “In the very middle of the war, the rear was a fantastic picture: the military and refugees, speculators and invalids, women and adolescents who stood several shifts at the machines, homeless and swindlers ... We were children of war and in this variegated environment, they felt like fry in water. We knew how to do everything, understood everything and, in general, were not afraid of anything, especially when there were many of us. "

However, the courage of these "fry" had completely different roots and did not resemble the usual boyish recklessness - it was the courage of despair, which, willy-nilly, a child in extreme circumstances and distressed at the last limit had to develop in himself. Later, in the novel The Dove, the author found surprisingly accurate words to express this relationship: "The war has blown right through us like a bomb blows through a multi-storey building."

Pristavkin was prompted to become a writer by chance ... Children were transported in freight carriages for almost a month, and they were given a piece of bread a day. In Chelyabinsk, where they were brought, there was a canteen at the station, which was besieged by refugees, and the guys could not get through the crowd of adults. Then their teacher Nikolai Petrovich began to shout to people to let the children in. And the children passed through the crowd along the vacated space, as if along a corridor. This theme formed the basis of the first story by Anatoly Pristavkin - "The Human Corridor".

Pristavkin began working at the age of 12. For children in orphans, the path to life lay through a vocational school, a factory, an evening school or a technical school. And Anatoly at the age of 14, when fate threw him to the Caucasus, near Sernovodsk, washed cans at a cannery in the village of Asinovskaya, and from the age of 15 he got a job in a radio laboratory at an aircraft plant, and this place became almost his home for many years.

From 1946 to 1951, the future writer studied at the aviation technical school in the evening department. All this time Anatoly was most interested in books. Pristavkin reading, trying to drown out the feeling of hunger, thought about what he had read, memorized poems in whole pages. After the war, Anatoly began to read poetry from the stage, to play in amateur performances, and this hobby remained for many years. "Vasily Terkin" in his performance was very popular, and during the period when Pristavkin was doing military service, the army authorities drove him from unit to unit, referring his performances to important “educational activities”.

Then he wanted to try his hand at writing himself. First, Anatoly tried to write a play, and later he began to write poetry himself. At first he read them from the stage, later he decided to offer them for publication, and several poems were published.

Returning from the army in 1954, he entered the Gorky Literary Institute, starting to study at the poetry seminar of Lev Oshanin, who was the first to notice and approve of his stories. In 1959, they were first published in the Yunost magazine. Later Anatoly tried to write several short stories about what he had to experience during the war years. At that time, Pristavkin had a very vague idea of how the composition of the story was constructed, so he began to present scraps of memories in the form of verses in prose. Many fragments were based not on finished plots, but only on vivid impressions, a detail engraved in the memory, a small episode. These unexpected compositions appeared to the author in almost finished form - at lectures, seminars, on the road. He wrote a cycle called War Childhood. Readers and critics immediately drew attention to this publication, the Pristavkin cycle opened a layer of life unknown to literature, and determined not only one of the main themes of the author's work, but also one of the genre preferences - stories written in the first person were excerpts from a diary , monologues of the hero, sustained in the manner of confessional prose.

During his studies, several more of Pristavkin's poems were published. And the writer himself in 1959, after graduating from the Literary Institute, left to build the Bratsk hydroelectric power station. Anatoly Pristavkin connected his life and work with Bratsk for many years - he worked in a team of concrete workers on the foundation pit of the future station. As a student, during his summer practice, Pristavkin first got involved in its construction, and the people creating an industrial center in the remote taiga made a strong impression on the young writer - in the first Siberian essays, the author showed the various characters of the heroes and convey the amazing atmosphere of those places.

Later Pristavkin became a correspondent for Literaturnaya Gazeta, and in 1961 he joined the Writers' Union. There were published his books dedicated to Siberians - "Country Lapia", "Notes of my contemporary", "Fire in the taiga." Returning to Moscow, Pristavkin often flew on long business trips to the Angara, to places associated with his youth, went on expeditions to the construction sites of new power plants - Ust-Ilim and Boguchany. Anatoly Pristavkin was called the "chronicler of our time", and for the story "Angara River" he was awarded the prize of the Union of Writers of the USSR.

After the publication of War Childhood, the writer for a long time did not turn to his sad experience. Pristavkin himself explained why this break was almost two decades long: “I was not only afraid to write about those terrible war days, I was afraid to touch them even with my memory: it hurt, I didn’t even have the strength to re-read my stories written earlier”.

However, the fear was overcome, and he wrote the story "The Soldier and the Boy", published in the magazine "Banner" in 1977. And although Pristavkin wrote it back in 1971, the manuscript was in the editorial office for almost 7 years. The story "A Soldier and a Boy" was the result of the author's emotional "explosion" - he would not have returned to the topic of orphanages and the tragic circumstances of the war, if not for an acute desire to get rid of the painful one.

The years separating the cycle of stories "War Childhood" from the story "A Soldier and a Boy" were not a time of creative downtime for Pristavkin. The writer actively mastered new life material for himself, worked a lot and successfully in documentary prose, wrote novels and short stories. He continued to study documentary and later, becoming a recognized master of this genre, constantly developing it in different directions.

The search for old friends repeatedly led him to the construction of KamAZ, after these trips the essay "The Master" was born, which first saw the light on the pages of "Literaturnaya Gazeta" in the mid-1970s, and the novel "Thief-Gorodok" (1985).

In other works of Pristavkin, written in the first person, he understands confessionality in the most direct, original sense of the word. Anatoly Ignatievich, hospitably opening the doors, introduces the reader into his home, into his inner world. This is how the "Siberian novellas", "Seliger Seligerovich" (1964), "From all sorrows", and later - "Cultivate your field" (1981) were written. Readers will learn about his hungry childhood, difficult post-war youth, years spent in Bratsk, about various trials.

In full measure, Pristavkin succeeded in the story "White Hill" - in it the author appears as a mature, much experienced person, the father of two children. When the family, which played an extremely important role in his life, falls apart, he is confused, because he cannot imagine how he can live further. It was at this moment that the writer's father invites him to make a trip to his homeland - Smolensk, to the village of Bely Holm. The story is told about this journey of the Pristavkins to the places where their family lived for many centuries. The life of several generations of the Pristavkin family becomes a fact of literature, the author reveals it to readers as a cut from the history of the life of the people. The story "White Hill" deals with a complex connection between generations, which the author himself constantly feels.

In the early 1980s, Pristavkin wrote the story "A golden cloud spent the night." In his work, the author tried to say frankly about what he experienced himself, and what painfully burned his nerves - the world is not worthy of existence if it kills children. After the first collective reading of the story in a circle of friends, a friend came to Pristavkin and asked for the manuscript to read at home, another friend asked for his son, a third for a colleague. By the time it was published in the Znamya magazine in 1987, at least 500 people had read the story. Once a complete stranger from Leningrad came to Anatoly Ignatievich's home and said that, at the request of his comrades, he must read the story in order to tell about it at home. The manuscript somehow reached Belarus without the participation of the author, and at the VIII Congress of USSR Writers Ales Adamovich in his speech said a few words in support of it. It was read by many famous writers, poets and critics - all this became a colossal support for Pristavkin.

The story was published by Georgy Baklanov, a front-line writer, shortly before that was appointed editor-in-chief of the Znamya magazine. Pristavkin was the first to show how the forcible deportation of an entire people took place - being a witness to those tragic events, he was able to create a wise and kind work. Anatoly Ignatievich told about what he felt when he was sent to the Caucasus, known to the boy only from the drawing on the box of cigarettes "Kazbek" - a highlander on a horse, in a burka and snowy peaks behind his powerful shoulders. A war against an entire people, seen through the eyes of a child who does not understand either the meaning or the purpose of what is happening.

The main merit of the story is that it is the child's consciousness and the actions of the orphanage child, who was mocked by a whole cohort of all kinds of "educators", that turn out to be cleaner, nobler, wiser than the consciousness and actions of thousands of adults, blinded by rage and mercilessly destroying each other. The golden cloud is a child's soul, purity and insecurity. This is an enchanting vision that warms the heart and makes it beat in alarm - won't this cloud break on the mountain peaks?

The story "A golden cloud spent the night" was filmed at the Gorky film studio by director Sulambek Mamilov, an Ingush who in real life experienced all the events described by the author. The story received worldwide recognition - within several years after its release, it was translated into more than 30 languages, its total circulation amounted to 4.5 million copies in Russia alone, and Anatoly Pristavkin himself became a laureate of the USSR State Prize in 1987.

Writer Lev Anninsky said:

- "A golden cloud slept ..." I read it, which has not yet been published. Neither before nor after have I experienced such a shock from what I read! The story of homeless children who were evacuated to Chechnya during the war, just at the time when the indigenous people were expelled from Chechnya ... When I read this, Chechnya had not yet become the most problematic point in Russia, but Anatoly Pristavkin felt this problem somehow then with his unheard-of literary and human instinct. The expelled Chechens responded by hating these Russian boys, who unwittingly found themselves in the epicenter of hostility and hatred. Although for what could these Russian boys, who were left without parents, be responsible? It shocked me even then, but I thought then, in the late 80s: "No, everything will be fine!" No, it didn't work out ... Hatred was sown, and it still had to get rid of, but at what cost ... Reading Anatoly Pristavkin, for the first time I felt the abyss into which we were sliding. It is not enough to expose communism. All this is one terrible tangle! And Anatoly Pristavkin knew it.

Following this, in 1989, Pristavkin's no less tragic story "Kukushata" was published, which became the last part of the trilogy, which includes the stories "A Soldier and a Boy" and "A Golden Cloud Spent the Night". The readers are again presented with an orphanage, but not an ordinary one, but a special one, where the children of “enemies of the people” were gathered. They changed their surnames - they all became Kukushkin's, “Kukushkin's children” - who were accidentally born. For the story "Kukushata" in 1992, the writer received the All-German national prize for children's literature.

Pristavkin said in an interview:

“In our orphanage, women from noble families worked as educators. I called them "crumbs from Stalin's table." They were thrown into the dirtiest job - serving prisoners and street children. And they gradually laid in us the nobility that was inherent in the Russian nobility. We despised them, robbed them, beat them on the hands with a piano lid when they tried to play us romances. But all the same, this music penetrated into our souls.

All this foundation was laid, in my opinion, by the era of the Silver Age - by its poets, by its intelligentsia. It was she who accumulated the layer of spiritual "black earth" on which the sprouts of humanity appeared. And we washed out this black earth. We have washed away the culture that we inherited from our ancestors, squandered incredible wealth. They sold out magnificent paintings by Raphael from the Hermitage, turned palaces and churches into stables, melted the gold frames of icons into ingots in order to buy something there abroad ... And it is impossible to educate a normal generation without culture. Children should absorb it with their skin. And what will our modern children absorb? Serials? So they are even lower in quality than the Soviet hack of the very last analysis. Or will they be brought up by the example of their neighbors-oligarchs who have everything, and you have nothing? But this does not bring up culture or respect in a person - only envy, a desire to become the same. And what is the way to become the same? Go and rob.

Two weeks ago I was in a Moscow pre-trial detention center, where teenagers are sitting. It turned out that out of 6 people, five were raked up because they stole or took away their mobile phones. They have been in jail for two months already. And even if they are eventually released, are you sure that after such an experience they will get better? Who are we educating? We are raising animals! "

In the novel Ryazanka, published in 1990, the author shows the hopeless, half-starved life of an ordinary person, which is a chain of humiliation and a joyless struggle for existence. The title of the novel, consisting of short stories, is given by the name of the railway from the writer's childhood. This work was written in 1965-1983 and was published in the Znamya magazine. Anatoly's father becomes one of the main characters of the novel. "Ryazanka" assigns the image of the people's defender to Pristavkin. This is also facilitated by the small journalistic book "Quiet Baltia", published in Riga.

In those years, Anatoly Pristavkin acts as an active public figure in the literary field. He becomes one of the co-chairs of the first independent writers' organization "April"; human rights activists who have left the camps pay special attention to the author. In 1992, human rights activist Sergei Kovalev, then the Presidential Commissioner for Human Rights, proposed Anatoly Ignatievich to head the newly created Pardon Commission under the President of the Russian Federation.

Anatoly Pristavkin very accurately described the doubts he had to go through:

“At all times, there were enough murderers, rapists, and thugs in Russia, and learning about them is only funny in books, and reading their deeds in life or just touching them is probably no less dangerous than meeting them on the high road. Yes, if only to touch ... At the same time, be the last resort in their fate and decide, in fact, to dispose of someone else's life. Can any person be able to do this: to be higher than God ?! ”.

Anatoly Ignatievich survived 9 years of such a life - from January 1992 to December 2001 - and described his feelings in detail in the three-volume essay "Valley of the Shadow of Death" (2000), a research novel on criminal themes.

“I sat in Riga and wrote a novel about Grigory Kotoshikhin, - said Pristavkin. - In the 17th century there was such a high-ranking official of the Ambassadorial Prikaz who fled from intrigue to Sweden, wrote there a wonderful essay about Russia and, in the breadth of his soul, killed the owner of the house in which he lived. I found there the materials of the court, the place where he was executed. About a third of the novel was written, when they called me, they said that my candidacy was approved, I had to start working. "Okay, I say, but let me finish the novel first." - "Of course, we do not insist, but here is the list of executions." I will not go - 50 people will be shot. As the saying goes, "they'll blame the revolution." Then I saw these yellow daddies with a red letter "P". What was I supposed to do, write another 10-15 pages, knowing that because of you people would be killed? I put an ellipsis, which still stands, because I thought that in six months I would return to him, packed my suitcase and arrived in Moscow. If a person is killed at your doorstep, then whatever you write at that time, it will cost nothing in your understanding ... ”.

During the time that the Pardon Commission led by Pristavkin existed, the sentence was commuted to 57 thousand prisoners, and the death penalty was commuted to life imprisonment for almost 13 thousand prisoners.

In 2001, Anatoly Pristavkin's book "Drunken Heart Syndrome" was published - a set of nostalgic memories of feasts with friends, many of whom have already passed away. Sometimes the author deviates from the stated topic, and plots, episodes, the fates of people with whom Pristavkina was brought together by fate at various stages of life pass before the readers. On the pages of the story, readers meet with A. Kapler, A. Kuznetsov, Yu. Kazakov, M. Roshchin, E. Sherman, G. Sadovsky, V. Griner.

Anatoly Ignatievich became the leader of the creative seminar at the Literary Institute. Over time, the writer came to the conclusion that the creative laboratory is a mutual school that helps to keep abreast of new trends, searches in literature and inspires optimism and confidence that it is worth working in the hope of a better future for literature. ... Anatoly Pristavkin noted students who are capable of searching, making mistakes and discovering something in themselves that they themselves do not know about. During his studies, Pristavkin invited some of the writers - Galina Belaya, Mikhail Roshchin, Yuri Karjakin, Georgy Kunitsyn came, took his students to Peredelkino to meet with Arseny Tarkovsky.

Former secretary of Lev Tolstoy N.N. Gusev, having learned about Pristavkin's work, asked him to read the stories, and then presented him with his photograph, where he quoted Tolstoy's words in the dedication inscription: "Know first what has been done before you, and then try to create yourself."

Pristavkin has published more than 25 books, his novels and stories have been translated into many languages of the world. In 2005, the stories "Judgment Day", "The First Day - the Last Day of Creation" (in the "Neva" magazine) and "My Dalniy Carriage" (in the "October" magazine) were published.

In 2002 Anatoly Pristavkin became a laureate of the Alexander Men International Prize for his contribution to the development of cultural cooperation between Russia and Germany.

In 2008, shortly before his death, Pristavkin finished the novel "King Monpassier Marmelajka First". This autobiographical work was conceived by him back in the late 1980s, but in 1991 the manuscript of the novel disappeared from the hotel room during the riots in Riga, when Soviet troops entered it.

Anatoly Pristavkin died on July 11, 2008 in Moscow after a serious illness.

Buried at the Troekurovsky cemetery in Moscow.

In August 2008, in the city of Gudermes, one of the streets was named after Anatoly Ignatievich Pristavkin.

The writer Alexander Arkhangelsky said:

Usually in a writer, two qualities are rarely combined and coexist: a public passion and a real great literary talent. Anatoly Ignatievich is the rarest exception to this rule. And "The golden cloud spent the night ..." will forever remain part of the Russian classics, and what he did as a public figure in the mid-90s and in the 2000s, working in the Commission on Pardons, will remain a bright historical legend of our era ... Personally, I am very sad that such a nice person left, who was completely unburdened and tired of his fame, as it happens too often with famous people. It was easy to talk with him not about his literary glory, undoubted and deserved, but, for example, about the problem of the regional library. And not in general about regional libraries, but about a specific library, which urgently needs help. He saw not a problem, but a person. He saw this unfortunate district librarian, who sits at his shabby desk and does not know where to get the book that his reader asks to read. This is the main thing that distinguished Anatoly Ignatievich Pristavkin from many: he saw not a problem, but a person.

Used materials:

Materials of the site www.biograph.ru

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Anatoly Ignatievich Pristavkin. Born October 17, 1931, Lyubertsy (Moscow region) - died July 11, 2008, Moscow. Soviet and Russian writer, public figure.

Anatoly Pristavkin Born into a working class family.

During the war, he was left an orphan (his mother died of tuberculosis, his father was at the front), was brought up in an orphanage, studied at a vocational school, worked in Sernovodsk at a cannery.

The boy, like many wartime children, stole, wandered, begged, sat in distribution centers, and then ended up in an orphanage in Tomilino near Moscow. Subsequently, Pristavkin often talked about strangers who saved him and other children from starvation, about how he kept a photograph of a soldier who looked like his father.

At the beginning of the war, the orphanage was first transferred to Chelyabinsk, and in 1944 it was transferred to the North Caucasus. It was there, in Kizlyar, that what every orphan dreamed of happened - Tolya was found by his father returning from the front. Before meeting with him, Pristavkin had every chance of thundering into the "youngster" - he talked with the camp godfathers, participated in street showdowns, carried with him a Finnish coat, carved specially for a child's hand. The return of my father changed everything.

After the war, he began to participate in amateur performances, he began to write poetry himself - soon they were published in the newspaper.

In 1952 he graduated from the Moscow Aviation College. He worked as an electrician, radio operator, instrument operator.

World fame Anatoly Pristavkin brought the story published in 1987 "A golden cloud spent the night", touching upon the theme of the deportation of the Chechen people in 1944. In his work, the author tried to say frankly about what he experienced himself and what painfully burned his soul - the world is not worthy of existence if it kills children.

In 1988 she was awarded the USSR State Prize. Within a few years after its release, the story was translated into more than 30 languages. In May 1990, the eponymous drama film based on the story "A Golden Cloud Slept" (Gorky Film Studio, 1989, director Sulambek Mamilov) was released.

In 1988, the story "Kukushata" appeared. In 1990 she was awarded the All-German National Prize for Children's Literature.

Novels "Soldier and Boy", "Kukushata", novels "Town", "Ryazanka" (1991), "Valley of the Shadow of Death" (2000), "My Distant Carriage" (2004), documentary story "Quiet Baltic" (1990) , the collection of fairy tales "The Flying Aunt" (2007) has also been translated into many foreign languages.

In 1991 he headed the council of the independent writers' movement "April" at the Moscow Writers' Organization of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR.

At the same time, he joined the steering committee of the international movement for the abolition of the death penalty "Hands off Cain."

He was the secretary of the Writers' Union of the Russian Federation, a member of the Union of Cinematographers of Russia, a member of the NIKA Film Academy, a member of the Board of Trustees of the All-Russian Sambo Federation, a member of the Executive Committee of the Russian PEN Center. For many years he was a permanent member of the jury of the International Human Rights Film Festival "Stalker".

Since 1992, Anatoly Pristavkin - Chairman of the Pardon Commission under the President of the Russian Federation, and since December 2001 - Adviser to the President of the Russian Federation on pardon issues. The work of A. Pristavkin on the post of chairman of the first all-Russian commission on pardon issues was noted with thanks of the Presidents of Russia and. The experience of A. Pristavkin's work in the Pardon Commission was reflected in his documentary novel Valley of the Shadow of Death.

Since December 2008, the special Anatoly Pristavkin Prize has been awarded annually at the film festival.

In 2008, shortly before his death, he managed to finish the novel "King Monpassier Marmelajka First". This largely autobiographical work was conceived by him back in the late 1980s, but in 1991, during the riots in Riga, the manuscript of the novel disappeared from the hotel room, while Pristavkin called on the troops to stop the violence on the barricades.

The work uses fragments of the author's research devoted to the life and work of Grigory Karpovich Kotoshikhin, clerk of the Ambassadorial order, forced to flee to Sweden from persecution by the Moscow Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and executed in Stockholm on charges of murder on domestic soil in 1667. The first reader of the manuscript of the novel was a close friend of the writer, President of the Russian Book Union Sergei Stepashin, who owns a voluminous preface to the book. The novel was presented to the public by Marina Pristavkina at the opening of the Moscow International Book Exhibition in September 2008.

For ten years - from 1992 to 2001, that the Pardon Commission led by Pristavkin existed, the sentence was commuted to 57 thousand prisoners, and the death penalty was commuted to life imprisonment for almost 13 thousand.

In the summer of 2008, he was admitted to the hospital due to problems with the pancreas. Doctors did everything to put him on his feet. But after the operation, his heart could not stand it. Anatoly Pristavkin died in the hospital on the morning of July 11.

He left his wife Marina and daughter Masha a farewell letter in which he confessed his love. He said that "Manka must graduate from the academy." He apologized to his wife if "I could not do something the way you wanted, but I tried." He signed his farewell letter simply: "Your outgoing DAD."

Personal life of Anatoly Pristavkin:

Anatoly Pristavkin was married twice.

In the first marriage, two children were born - Ivan and Daria, but the relationship did not work out either with them or with his wife - Pristavkin said little at all about the first family.

He was much more willing to talk about his second wife Marina, with whom he had lived the last 25 years of his life.

Pristavkin was 56 years old when he became a father for the third time. The girl Masha was born on October 15 - two days earlier than he himself. Their birthdays were always celebrated at the same time, two tables were set at home - for children and adults.

In the personal diaries of Pristavkin, there are many entries about Masha, in which he is just a loving father: "Manka takes care of a snail, tamed a moth and even a mosquito", "Today is Marisha's birthday, the three of us were photographed - me, she and Manka next to a huge bouquet of gladioli "," We rode bicycles with Manka, chatted, and it was so happy. "

Bibliography of Anatoly Pristavkin:

Country power lines. - M., Young Guard, 1961;
Little stories, - M., Soviet writer, 1962;
My contemporaries - M., Soviet Russia, 1960;
Bonfires in the taiga. - M., Politizdat, 1964;
Seliger Seligerovich, M., Soviet Russia, 1965 (essays);
Dove. - M., Young Guard, 1967;
Siberian stories. - Novosibirsk, 1967;
Lyric book. M., Young Guard, 1969;
Ptushenka. M., Soviet Russia, 1969;
A soldier and a boy, 1972 (story);
From Bratsk to Ust-Ilim. M., Soviet Russia, 1973;
On the Hangar. Moscow, Soviet Russia, 1975 (essays) - Prize of the USSR Union of Writers;
The stone is combustible. - M., Profizdat, 1975;
Angara-river, - M., Profizdat, 1977 (essays);
Vanyusha and Seligerovich. - M., Soviet Russia, 1977;
Radio station "Tamara" (story), 1978;
Cultivate your field. - M, Contemporary, 1981 (essays);
Dove. - M., Moscow worker, 1981;
Big Angara. - M., Soviet Russia, 1982;
A soldier and a boy. M., Soviet writer, 1982;
Stories and stories. M., Fiction, 1983;
Town. - M., Soviet writer, 1985;
A golden cloud spent the night, 1987;
Kukushata, 1989;
Quiet Baltic, 1990;
Ryazanka. - "Banner", 1991, No. 3-4;
Valley of the shadow of death. In 3 books. M., AST, 2000-2001;
Valley of the Shadow of Death. M., Text, 2002;
Drunken Heart Syndrome, 2001;
My car is far away. M., Eksmo, 2006;
Golden Executioner, 2005;
Doomsday, M., Eksmo, 2005;
Selected Prose. SPb., Art, 2006;
Flying Aunt (fairy tales), 2007;
King Monpassier Marmelajka First, M., OLMA, 2008;
Everything that is dear to me - M., AST, 2009;
Collected works in 5 volumes, 2010;
Selected prose, 2012

Screen adaptations of the works of Anatoly Pristavkin:

1978 - Dove;
1989 - A golden cloud spent the night ...;
2012 - My long-distance carriage

The documentary story "The first day - the last day of creation" is one of the last works of Anatoly Ignatievich Pristavkin, in which the author again and again returns to the theme of his wartime childhood ... But those who were then adolescents saw the other side of the war, its other wrong side, because war is such a specific phenomenon that has no “face”, there are two inside out. So this war, in the rear, "teenage", the front-line soldiers did not know, "- recalled Pristavkin. The generation of Anatoly Pristavkin, with all its pores and blood, absorbed all the impressions of the war and post-war childhood. The children of the war have experienced both good and bad. There was more tragic. At the age of 10, Anatoly Ignatievich was left an orphan: his father went to the front, his mother died of tuberculosis. Years of wandering around orphanages, colonies and boarding schools, the writer experienced all the hardships of homeless life. “I was created by war ... It fell on my 10-14 years, and if the line between these two dates is not filled with events, although how not to fill it, it will still be filled, then the first day of creation will fall on June of the forty-first year (I was, if precisely, 9 years 8 months), and the last - on May 1945, respectively, 14 years 6 months ... ”- writes Pristavkin.

"The first day - the last day of creation" is the beginning and end of the war. The author tried to tell the readers about “how the soul is created”, about what war is and how it can be prevented ...

The book also includes a cycle "Small stories" and two stories "Ptushenka" and "Seliger ...

Anatoly Ignatievich Pristavkin was born October 17, 1931 in the city of Lyubertsy, Moscow Region, in a working family: "Father worked at the factory from morning till night, mother - at the factory."

With the outbreak of the war, at the age of 10, he became an orphan: his father was drafted to the front, and his mother soon died of tuberculosis. Pristavkin had to experience all the hardships of an orphanage childhood: he replaced dozens of orphanages, colonies, boarding schools in Central Russia, Siberia, and the Caucasus. "The war left me an incredible feeling of endlessness and hunger." I started working as a boy in 1943... He was an electrician, radio operator, instrument operator, went through a vocational school, a factory, an evening school, "at the age of fourteen, when fate threw ... in the Caucasus, near Sernovodsk, I washed ... cans at a cannery in the village of Osinovskaya." The joy of these years was only books: I took them out where I could, read them where I had to. I read a lot, memorized poems in whole pages. After the war, he recited poetry from the amateur stage ("Vasily Terkin" by A. Tvardovsky performed by Pristavkin was very popular), played in amateur performances. Then I tried to write my own plays and poems.

In 1952 Graduated from the Moscow Aviation Technical School. Godovikova (evening department). After serving in the Soviet Army in 1954 entered the Literary Institute. Gorky, studied at the poetry seminar of L.I. Oshanina. “I happened to study at the Literary Institute when I was alive ... Andrei Platonov, when we could communicate with Svetlov in the corridors of our alma mater, listen to Paustovsky in the classrooms. Through them went those juices of the old culture, which, I dare to hope, through us will be absorbed by those who will be after us ”(The past requires a word. P.249). At the Literary Institute he continued to write poetry and began to publish. However, by the time he completed his studies, he was carried away by journalism and moved away from poetry.

After graduation, he left for the construction of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station, where he worked in a team of concrete workers at the foundation pit of the future station, later as his own correspondent for Literaturnaya Gazeta at the construction of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station; created a "chronicle of modernity", publishing essays about the heroic everyday life of young Komsomol members, about the inexhaustible riches of Siberia. An attempt to turn to prose, to the genre of the story, belongs to this time. However, the stories of Pristavkin of this time resemble rather a verse, in prose, poetic sketches and fragments; at the heart of the narrative is a certain detail, image, impression, experience. A cycle of these stories dedicated to wartime, entitled "Difficult Childhood" appeared in the magazine "Youth" in 1958... The stories are written in the first person, represent the hero's monologues, imitate pages from a diary, clearly gravitating towards the style of "confessional prose" of the 1950s.

Late 1950s - mid 1960s Pristavkin created documentary sketches about the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, BAM, KamAZ, about the Ilyichevsk-Varna ferry crossing, documentary stories "The Land of Lapia", "Notes of my Contemporary", "Bonfires in the Taiga." A bright page of Pristavkin's work was the documentary story "Angara River", which was awarded the USSR Writers' Union prize. At this time, the stories "Seliger Seligerovich", "From all sorrows", "Ptushenka", "White Hill", stories "Human Corridor", "Meeting with a Woman", "Two Dishes from Zagorsk", "Rest Zone" were written. "Closed doors", telling about people of different destinies, about the spiritual ties of generations, about the fusion of the actions of an individual and the whole country. Member of the joint venture since 1961.

Early 1970s The interest of readers was attracted by Pristavkin's story "A Soldier and a Boy" ( 1971 ). Until that time, the military theme was rarely sounded in the works of Pristavkin: “I was not only afraid to write about those terrible war days, I was afraid to touch them even with my memory: it was painful. It didn't just hurt, I didn't even have the strength to reread my own previously written stories ”(All Moscow. P. 44). The heroes of the story are Andrei Dolgushin, an 18-year-old soldier, and Vaska Smorchok, a 10-year-old orphan who lives in an orphanage. A miserable little guy, worthless and nobody's, Vaska lives according to the laws of the thieves' world: "First they eat you, then you eat others." However, faced with the tragedy of a young soldier Dolgushin, "hovering over an article" because of the weapons and documents stolen from him by street children, for the first time experiencing the warmth and care of another person, Vaska is transformed, an impulse for goodness, compassion, love awakens in his crippled soul: " The movement of two people towards each other begins. "

The development of the theme of homeless orphanage childhood was the story "A golden cloud spent the night" ( 1981 , publ. in 1987), which brought Pristavkin wide fame: "... the military orphanage theme haunted, like a splinter lodged in the heart ..."

"I could have created" Cloud "a year earlier or a year later, that's not the point, but I just couldn't not write this thing." The heroes of the story - twin brothers Sashka and Kolka Kuzmins (Kuzmenysh), pupils of an orphanage near Moscow, like clouds (“We are clouds ... We were wet trail ... but they find themselves drawn into the tragic circumstances of the resettlement of the North Caucasian peoples. Hungry, ragged, homeless 10-year-old boys in their own destiny know the price of social injustice and warmth, human hatred and mercy, human cruelty and spiritual brotherhood. “Evil is not local,” as Pristavkin says, “victims” and “executioners”, both persecuted and persecutors, are involved in it, and there is no winner where there is no compassion and mercy.

The story is written about cruel events and harsh language: “" Cloud ... "is written in slang - a mixture of market-oriented folklore pretty much saturates the story. But - what to do - it's all from childhood, it's all true. Our truth is expressed in such a language. " For this story, Pristavkin was awarded the USSR State Prize.

The theme of "military homeless childhood" was developed in the subsequent works of Pristavkin - the story "Kukushata, or a Pitying Song for Soothing the Heart" ( 1989 ) and the novel "Ryazanka" ( 1991 ). The heroes of these works are teenage boys, whose maturation and maturity fell on the war and post-war times. The novel Ryazanka, entitled by the name of the railway, “where my childhood and my youth passed,” according to Pristavkin, “goes much further than Tuchka ...”.

Pristavkin's works were published in Bulgaria, Hungary, Greece, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, France, Finland.

In 1992 he was appointed chairman of the Pardon Commission under the President of the Russian Federation. Member of the Committee of the International Movement for the Abolition of the Death Penalty. Pristavkin is one of the authors of the booklet “How to write a petition for clemency” from the “Know your rights” series published by the Public Center for Assistance to Criminal Justice Reform.

Associate Professor of the Department of Literary Skills at the Literary Institute. M. Gorky (prose seminar).