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Beijing's siheyuan houses are considered classic examples. In other regions of China, depending on the climatic conditions, available building materials, local traditions, there were different types of houses, usually siheyuan variations.
The classical structure of the Chinese Xiheyuan house with three courtyards
The outer walls of traditional Chinese houses have either little or no windows. When you walk, for example, on the hutongs of Beijing, you often see only walls with elegant gates to the courtyard. The imagination draws a cozy Chinese house with a garden. Reality is sometimes much more prosaic.
A beautiful courtyard is not always hidden behind an elegant gate.
In the old days, as a rule, the whole Xiheyuan house was occupied by one large family, consisting of several generations. He symbolized her wealth and prosperity. In simpler families, each building in Xiheyuan consisted of one room. In a wealthy family, each building could have several rooms. This was reflected in the language: the word 房子 fan tzu means both home and room.
If the size of the site allowed, then over time, the internal structure of the Xiheyuan house could become much more complicated. However, the system of courtyards with four main buildings remains unchanged.
The entrance to the Xiheyuan Chinese house is usually located on the southeast side of the building, which is considered an auspicious sign. It's called 大门 damen — big, or main gate... Their other name is 宅门 zhaimen (gate to the residence). In the palaces of the princes, they consisted of five openings, from which three central ones opened. Often in front of the main gate, figures of lions or their likeness were installed, serving as guardians. Near wealthy houses, special pedestals were placed to make it convenient to sit in the saddle. In addition, good wishes were written above the doors: the hieroglyphs "longevity", "happiness", "fulfillment of desires", etc.
The entrance to this siheyuan, where at least four families live, is decorated with inscriptions with wishes of happiness and fulfillment of wishes.
The main gate leads to a small square courtyard, which in turn leads to a narrow outer courtyard 外院 waiyuan... In the center of the northern wall are elegantly decorated second gate 二门 ermen, passing through which you can get into courtyard 内院 neiyuan.
The outer courtyard of one of the houses in
In small estates, the outer courtyard could be absent, the main gate immediately led through a small courtyard to the courtyard.
In addition, there may have been other outbuildings in the manor called 房 junfang... They were usually built on the western or eastern side of the siheyuan. There were kitchens and servants.
Scheme of a classic Siheyuan house
However, if we take a closer look, we can see that the structure of the Xiheyuan Chinese house performed important protective functions. Family life took place inside a confined space, hidden from prying eyes. The northern and western walls, as a rule, were deaf and higher, protecting the house from cold winds and dust storms, especially frequent in the north of the country. The curved top cornices diverted rainwater from the foundation (although it was believed that, in the first place, they did not allow evil spirits to enter the house, throwing them away, as if along a springboard). Thick tiled roofs kept warm in winter and cool in summer.
A blank wall perfectly protects the courtyard and premises from bad weather. Fuchengmen District, Beijing
In different provinces of China, the Xiheyuan houses had their own characteristics. For example, in the northwestern provinces, such as Gansu or Qinghai, the walls were built much higher than, for example, in Beijing, and the houses were stretched more along the north-south line to protect living quarters from cold winds and dust storms coming from the deserts in the northwest. In the Sichuan province and to the south, on the contrary, the houses are more extended from east to west, so that the bright sun does not warm up the courtyard so much. In northeastern China, where there is a lot of land and a rather cold climate, the courtyards are large to get more sunlight.
Xiheyuan traditional Chinese house today
After the formation of the PRC, many old Xiheyuan houses turned into the so-called 大杂院 dazayuan, (lit. "courtyard with great overcrowding", slum siheyuan) in which several families live, one in each house-room. It turns out to be a kind of commune. Courtyards are densely built up to increase living space. A serious problem with the old Xiheyuan is that they usually lack modern amenities, including toilets. However, residents are in no hurry to leave their cramped homes. What's the matter?
The old quarter near the Bell Tower with traditional buildings
Many Xiheyuan houses are located in the city's central historic districts. This makes it easy to start your own business and make very good money. People do not want to leave the place of bread. Many of these estates are converted into hotels and restaurants, or simply rent out rooms.
Loft in Siheyuan near the Forbidden City.
So, let's get down to the creative process. Draw a rectangle first. Measure it with a ruler. You need to divide the house into two parts, so that they are not even, and there is more space on one side than on the other. Draw a dividing line. Probably now you are wondering what kind of division of the house it was. We've just got two rooms. One of them will be the entrance hall and the other will be the living room.
You need to learn how to imagine the proportions of the house with the naked eye. When you draw, you can not dwell on my drawing, if you want, look for a different layout of the house.
2. Create the mainroof contours
On the left half of the building, you need to determine the top of the roof and mark it with a dot. Now we separate the walls from the roof, for this we will draw a horizontal line (it can be pulled to the end of the building). Let's draw a rectangle on the right, it will become the front door in the future.
Now you do not wonder why you needed a ruler, since you realized that it is very easy to draw a house with it. Doing the task in stages, you get everything smoothly, and the work moves quickly.
To make our house look like a real one, then you need to draw the windows, and then proceed to the foundation. The picture will be almost ready soon.
You should draw a line at the bottom of the image. It will serve as the foundation. Now you need to outline the contours of the roof. You need to do this by drawing additional lines. We have to draw two rectangles, they will be in the living room and are intended for the windows.
4. Beforedraw some detailand
We have to "cut" the roof a little. We do this on both sides. As we know, the roof should be depicted with a slight slope. Of course, the roof can be made straight, but I think if we give it a slope, it will turn out to be interesting and unusual. Now "cut" our roof with oblique lines. This must be done in two designated places. Then we outline the windows using additional lines. We do the same with the door.
To make the bottom of the building beautiful, we need to draw an additional plane at the bottom. Now it remains to add a chimney, because you can't do without it. We will depict the chimney in the form of two rectangles and draw them near the dividing line. Then we should draw a line under the roof that connects the roof to the wall.
5. Final stage
By following my instructions, you have drawn the house step by step, but we have not yet completed the facade of the roof. We carry it out with a pencil, drawing parallel lines. We should get the look of laid out boards. Do not forget that there are jumpers in the windows, so let's draw them.
Now we start drawing the doorway. We carry it out of two even halves. Of course, below you should draw a threshold, we depict it at the entrance.
Now it's time to draw the foundation. We will have it made of bricks, so we divide the general outline into even cells. I propose to decorate our roof, so it will look like a real one. So, we depict the details of the tiles. Performing this task should work a little. We make a chimney of bricks. You should get a beautiful house.
6. Let's dopictureat cvetnoh
I think our drawing will not look beautiful without the landscape around the house. Therefore, we need to add a few trees, pets, green grass, sky, sun, people. Optionally, you can create your own landscape.
Now, be sure to start painting our house. Do this with colored pencils. Those who have the skills, let them take up paints.
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Categories: / / from 16.11.2017Every year the construction industry is improving, offering people more and more comfortable and beautiful houses and apartments for living. If you just think about how the houses have changed in one century, you can close your eyes to visually imagine how much everything can change after some more time. You can talk on this topic indefinitely. However, not every person can express their thoughts on paper. Therefore, in today's article we decided to push our readers to creativity, demonstrating how the house of the future pencil drawing can be original and unique. The photo below offers ideas that can be used in creating a dream home, well, or as a model for sketching.
How to draw the house of the future pencil drawing?
To draw a house of the future with a pencil, you must prepare in advance all the tools for depicting the drawing. In addition to a simple pencil with a hard lead, you need to have on hand several white A4 sheets, an eraser, crayons, paints or felt-tip pens for coloring the finished work. Also, artists recommend to think in advance about the house of the future in your understanding. For example, will it look like a royal castle, a spaceship, a geometric figure or a flower.
Do not forget about the facade of the house. It can have a panoramic view, unusual windows in the form of geometric polygonal shapes, and even the absence of doors.
House of the future - pencil drawing in the photo
Below are more than 20 options for houses that differ in appearance and interior content in the cut. Each model is unique and inimitable in its own way, has its own characteristics and unusual details.
If we compare each dwelling with each other, one cannot fail to note the discrepancy in form, material, parameters and even details necessary for a comfortable life. We are talking about the windows, the front door, the foundation of the house and even the external facade. After all, the decision on the landscape of the adjacent territory is up to the owner.
Think over all the details of the house of the future, visually presenting every detail. This will help to depict the home in a short time, without resorting to help.
Make sure that all the attributes for drawing are at hand.
Use your dream home idea without sketching from a finished layout.
Any paints, pencils and felt-tip pens are suitable.
Without artistic skills, it's best not to tackle complex work. It is better to opt for one-story, uncomplicated living quarters, painted in one color.
Drawn houses of the future by children, pencil drawings in the photo:
I offer you step-by-step instructions on how to draw a quick Japanese-style landscape using the double stroke technique, any surface on which it is convenient to draw. In the case of decorating a thing, you will need to prepare the surface in an appropriate way. For the quality of the photo, I ask you to forgive me - I shot it on the phone, and not the best)
So, we need:
- The working surface on which we will apply the drawing. In this case, it is a simple sheet of pastel blue paper, but, as I already wrote, the surface can be any suitable.
- Acrylic paints, preferably not too thick, with good color density, paints from the FolkArt (Plaid) series are well suited.
- Synthetic brushes - flat, round, fan and thin for detailing and clarifying. Brush numbers should be chosen in proportion to the thing we are working with. For example, for a miniature casket and a panel on a wall measuring 2x3 m, completely different brushes are required.
- If we work with hard surfaces, such as wood or primed glass, it will not be superfluous to use a finishing varnish, any will do.
So let's go.
1. We outline the surface of the water and the horizon line, brush movements are desirable parallel to the edge of the sheet, otherwise, as photographers say, the horizon will be blocked.
2. Using the classic "double stroke" technique, outline the coastline, starting from the background and ending with the foreground. For those who have forgotten - the main technique of the "double brushstroke" technique is that two contrasting paints are drawn on a flat brush from two sides, after which several smearing movements are made along the palette in order to smooth out the abrupt transition of one paint to another.
3. With soft movements of a round brush, outline the silhouette of a tree trunk. A combination of several shades of the same color and lines of different widths will look very good.
4. Using a hard fan brush, outline the crown with sharp stroking movements, immediately estimating how much volume it takes and what shape it will be.
5. Using a thin brush, draw thinner branches, refine the outline of the tree crown.
6. Add details and final touches - the moon, glare on the water, reflections, the reflection of the moon in the crown, grass, birds, butterflies, meditating buddhas - whatever we want :)
