АРТИКЛЬ
Запомните следующие правила.
Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.
Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.
Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание "по" (не "not").
Упр. 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? - No, it isn"t my ... pencil, it is ray sister"s ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister"s ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. Is this ... watch? - No, it isn"t ... watch, it"s ... pen. 6. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 7. I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 8. Give me ... chair, please. 9. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 10. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it.
Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль а(аn). Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the.
E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.
Упр. 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 2. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 3. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 4. Our ... room is large. 5. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 6. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 7. My ... brother"s ... friend has no ... dog. 8. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 9. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 10. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... letter was interesting.
Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.
E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.
исчисляемое в единственном числе
This is S meat. The meat is fresh.
неисчисляемое
These are S books. The books are good.
множественное число
Упр. 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice-cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. She bought... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea. 9. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 10. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister"s ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.
Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:
at S school at S home at S work
Упр. 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... students. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no"... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school. 11. Is your father at ... home? - No, he is at ... work. 12. Where is your ... brother? - He is at ... home.
Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и существительным.
E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.
Упр 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny often tells us ... long ... interesting .. stories. 3. My ... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin"s ... cat has two ... kittens. ... milk, too. cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like
Упр. 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I am ... engineer. 2. My ... son is ... pupil. 3. He is ... good ... pupil. 4. This is ... house. 5. This is my ... pencil. 6. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil, please. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large.
Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем j не менее употребляем перед ним определенный артикль:
а) если упоминаемый предмет является единственным в мире
E.g. The sun is shining brightly.
в) если этот предмет является определенным по ситуации
E.g. Put the book on the table.
Упр. 7. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. What"s ... weather like today? - ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult.
4. Where is your ... brother? - He is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... homework. ... homework is difficult. 5. Our ... cat is sitting on ... sofa. 6. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 7. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands.
It was evening
СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ
Упр. 76. Дайте соответствующие существительные женского рода.
A lion, a tiger, an actor, a poet, a man, an uncle, a husband, a brother, a grandfather, a son, a master, a baron, a count, a shepherd, a host.
Упр. 77. Дайте соответствующие существительные мужского рода.
A lady, a girl, a niece, Mrs. Smith, a widow, a stewardess, a French woman, a cow, a queen, a princess, a duchess, a hen, a mother.
Образование множественного числа существительных
a cat - cats
a dog - dogs
a car - cars
a watch - watches
a dress - dresses a dish - dishes a box - boxes
a boy - boys a city - cities
a potato - potatoes a leaf - leaves
Упр. 78. Поставьте следующие существительные во множественное число (не забудьте, что перед множественным числом неопределенный артикль нужно опустить),
A table, a plate, a fox, a room, a lady, a knife, a chair, a bus, a Negro, a match, a way, a house, a family, a flag, a town, a wolf, a country, a lion, a park, a play.
Запомните форму множественного числа следующих существительных:
a man - men a goose - geese
a woman - women a tooth - teeth
a child - children a fool - feet
a mouse - mice an ox - oxen
Запомните также:
an Englishman - Englishmen a Frenchman - Frenchmen a German - Germans
Запомните три существительных, имеющих во множественном числе ту же форму, что и в единственном:
a sheep - sheep a deer - deer
a swine swine
Упр. 79. Поставьте следующие существительные во множественное число (обратите внимание на артикли: неопределенный артикль во множественном числе опускается, определенный артикль сохраняется).
A star, a mountain, a tree, a shilling, a king, the waiter, the queen, a man, the man, a woman, the woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, the city, a boy, a goose, the watch, a mouse, a dress, a toy, the sheep, a tooth, a child, the ox, a deer, the life, a tomato.
Упр. 80. Поставьте следующие словосочетания во множественное число.
This tea-cup, this egg, that wall, that picture, this foot, that mountain, this lady, that window, this man, that match, this knife.
Запомните:
this is - these are that is - those are there is - there are it is - they are
МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ
SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY
И ИХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ
Упр. 89. Вставьте some, any или по.
1. There are ... pictures in the book. 2. Are there ... new students in your group? 3. There are ... old houses in our street. 4. Are there ... English textbooks on the desks? - - Yes, there are ... . 5. Are there ... maps on the walls? -No, there aren"t ... . 6. Are there ... pens on the desk? - - Yes, there are.... 8. Are there ... sweets in your bag? - - Yes, there are ... . 9. Have you got ... English books at home? -- Yes, I have ... . 10. There are ... beautiful pictures in the magazine. Look at them. 11. There is ... ink in my pen: I cannot write.
Упр„ 92, Вставьте something, anything, nothing или everything,
1. ... is all right, the patient is much better today! 2. Is there ... interesting in the program of the concert? 3. I could see ... : it was quite dark. 4. Give me ... to drink. 5. I didn"t take any money with me so I couldn"t buy ... . 6. My new eyeglasses are very good, I can see ... now. 7.1 saw ... near the wood that looked like a tent.
Упр. 93. Вставьте something, anything, nothing или everything.
1. Give me ... to read, please. - - With pleasure, 2. I don"t know ... about your town. Tell me .., about it. 3. Please give me ... warm: it is cold here. 4. I understand ... now. Thank you for your explanation. 5. There is ... white in the box. "What is it? 6. Is there ... that you want to tell me? 7. Where is the book? - It is on the table. - No, there is . . there.
everybody - все
Упр. 94. Вставьте somebody, anybody, nobody или everybody.
1. Has ... in this group got a dictionary? 2. ... left a magazine in our classroom yesterday. 3. The question was so difficult that ... could answer it. 4. I am afraid I shan"t be able to find ... in the office now: it is too late. 5. ... knows that water is necessary for life. 6. Is there ... here who knows French? 7. You must find ... who can help you. 8. ... knew anything about America before Columbus discovered it. 9. I saw ... in the train yesterday who looked like you. 10. There is ... in the next room. I don"t know him. 11. Please tell us the story. ... knows it. 12. Is there ... in my group who lives in the dormitory? 13. Has ... here got a red pencil? 14. ... can answer this question. It is very easy.
MUCH, MANY, (A) LITTLE, (A) FEW
Упр. 109. Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.
Много тетрадей, много молока, много воды, много дней, много газет, много мела, много снега, много лет, много картин, много музыки, много мальчиков, много девочек, много чая, много лимонов, много мяса, много комнат, много учителей, много работы, много воздуха, много птиц, много машин.
Упр. 110. Вставьте much или many.
1. Please don"t put ... pepper on the meat. 2. There were ... plates on the table. 3. I never eat
I... bread with soup. 4. Why did you eat so ... ice-cream? 5. She wrote us ... letters from the country. 6. ... of these students don"t like to look up words in the dictionary. 7. ... in this work was too difficult for me. 8. ... of their answers were excellent. 9. ... of their conversation was about the institute. 10. There are ... new pictures in this room.
ll. There are ... teachers at our school, and ... of them are women. 12. ... of these plays are quite ... new. 13. Thanks awfully for the books you sent me yesterday. - - Don"t mention it, it wasn"t ... bother. 14. ... of her advice was useful. 15. He had ... pairs of socks.
Упр. 111. Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.
Мало домов, мало чая, мало чашек, мало яблок, мало окон, мало бумаги, мало кофе, мало статей, мало радости, мало супу, мало деревьев, мало травы, мало детей, мало игрушек, мало света, мало парт, мало колбасы, мало сока, мало книг, мало цветов, мало соли, мало друзей, мало дворцов.
Упр. 112. Вставьте little или few.
1. I have ... time, so I can"t go with you. 2. He [ has ... English books. 3. There is ... ink in my pen. Have you got any ink? 4. There are ... bears in the zoo. 5. Tom Canty was the son of poor parents and had very ... clothes. 6. There is tool ... soup in my plate. Give me some more, please.
7. The children returned from the wood very sad because they had found very ... mushrooms.
8. There was too ... light in the room, and I could not read. There are very ... people who don"t know that the earth is round.
Упр. 113. Вставьте much, many, little или few.
1. My brother is a young teacher. Every day he spends ... time preparing for his lessons. 2. I know I very ... about this writer. It is the first book I am reading. 3. The pupils of our class ask ... questions at the lesson. They want to know everything. 4. You do not make ... mistakes in your spelling. Do you work hard at it? -Oh, yes, I do, I work very .... 5. Does your sister read ...?-- Yes, she does. And your brother? -- Oh, he doesn"t. He has so ... books, but he reads very ... . 6. Have you ... work to do today? -- No, not very ... . 7. Walk quicker, please. We have very ... time. 8. I am sorry to say, l have read very ... books by Walter Scott.
Упр. 114. Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.
Немного денег, мало денег, несколько стульев, мало стульев, несколько песен, мало песен, немного веселья, мало веселья, мало мальчиков, немного воды, несколько человек, мало воды, мало воздуха, мало столов, несколько минут, несколько кошек, мало травы, немного удачи,
несколько дней, мало работы, немного соли, несколько ложек, мало света, мало окон, несколько машин, немного сахару, мало яиц, мало сыра.
ПРЕДЛОГИ
Предлоги места и направления
В целях выработки беглости речи полезно запомнить следующие словосочетания
КУДА?
On the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the window-sill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the platform, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard, on the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the window-sill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the platform, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard.
В комнате
В комнату
In the room, in the kitchen, in the house, in the car, in the box, in the cupboard, in the bag, in the pocket, in the hall, in the plate, in the cup, in the glass, in the bottle, in the snow, in the water, in the river, in the lake, in the sea, in the wood, in the park, in the garden, in the yard, in the classroom.
Into the room, into the kitchen, into the house, into the car, into the box, into the cupboard, into the bag, into the pocket, into the hall, into the plate, into the cup, into the glass, into the bottle, into the snow, into the water, into the river, into the lake, into the sea, into the wood, into the park, into the garden, into the yard, into the classroom.
Упр. 129. Вставьте предлоги on, in или into.
1. Where is the book? - - It is ... the table. 2. Where is the tea? - It is ... the cup. 3. Put the plates ... the table. 4. Put the book ... the bag. 5. There is a beautiful picture ... the wall. 6. He went ... the room. 7. I like to sit ... the sofa ... my room. 8. Mother is cooking dinner ... the kitchen. 9. She went ... the room and sat down ... the sofa. 10. There are many people ... the park today. 11. There is a girl standing ... the bridge. Why is she crying? - She has dropped her doll ... the water. 12. There is no tea ... my cup. 13. Pour some tea ... my cup. 14. Put these flowers ... the window-sill. 15. I saw many people ... the platform waiting for the train. 16. We went ... the garden and sat down ... a bench. 17. The teacher hung a picture ... the blackboard. 18. I opened the door and went ... the classroom. The teacher was writing some words ... the blackboard. The pupils were writing these words ... their exercise-books. There were some books and pens ... the teacher"s table. There were two maps ... the wall and some flowers ... the window-sills. I saw a pen ... the floor. I picked it up and put it ... the table. 19. He put his hand ... his pocket, took out a letter and dropped it ... the mail-box which hung ... the wall of the house. Then he got ... his car and drove off.
Упр. 130. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги on, in, at, to, into.
1. Идите к доске. 2. Напишите число на доске. 3. Повесьте картину на доску. 4. Она налила в вазу воды и поставила в нее цветы. Потом она пошла к окну и поставила вазу на подоконник. 5. Учитель стоит у доски. Он пишет на доске предложение. Ученики сидят за партами. Они пишут это предложение в своих тетрадях. 6. Ник вошел в кухню и сел за стол. Мама стояла у плиты. Она подошла к столу, поставила на стол чашку и налила в чашку чаю. 7. Мы собрали в лесу много грибов. 8. Маша открыла дверь и вошла в дом. В доме никого не было. Медведи были в лесу. В комнате Маша увидела стол. Она подошла к столу. На столе она увидела три тарелки. 9. Катя была в комнате. Она стояла у книжного шкафа. 10. На полу лежал толстый ковер. Дети сели на ковер и начали играть. 11. Где мальчики? - Они играют во дворе. 12. Сейчас зима. На земле лежит снег. На реке лед. 13. Она подошла к доске, взяла мел и начала писать на доске 14. Масло на столе. Поставь его в холодильник. А теперь садись за стол. В этом стакане сок. Выпей его и поставь стакан на полку. 15. Где твоя ручка? - - Она в моем кармане. 16. Положи в карман платок. 17. Он прыгнул в реку и быстро поплыл к острову.
Запомните следующие словосочетания
At the theatre, at the cinema, at the museum, at the swimming-pool, at the library, at the shop, at the institute, at the port, at the railway-station, at the concert, at the exhibition, at the stadium, at the stop, at the factory, at work 1 , at school 1 , at the lesson.
To the theatre, to the cinema, to the museum, to the swimming-pool, to the library, to the shop, to the institute, to the port, to the railway-station, to the concert, to the exhibition, to the stadium, to the stop, to the factory, to work 1 , to school 1 , to the lesson.
Упр. 131. Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания, употребляя предлоги in или at,
В кухне, в порту, в плавательном бассейне, в парке, в лесу, в театре, в саду, в библиотеке, в реке, в магазине, в стакане, в комнате, в кино, в снегу, в школе, в классе, в доме, в чашке, в музее, в институте.
Упр. 132. Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания, употребляя предлоги on или at.
На полке, на подоконнике, на скамейке, на заводе, на стене, на вокзале, на платформе, на полу, на крыше, на выставке, на остановке, на земле, на концерте, на доске, на уроке, на мосту, на стадионе, на снегу, на траве, на работе.
Упр. 133. Переведите на английский язык,
I употребляя предлоги at, on, in, to, into.
1. Где Коля? - Он в институте. 2. Папа ходит на работу каждый день. 3. Вчера папа был на работе, а мама была дома. 4. Вчера я ходил в библиотеку. В библиотеке я взял очень интересную книгу. 5. Катя сидела за столом. На столе лежали книги и тетради. Папа подошел к столу и поставил на стол вазу. В вазу он поставил цветы. 6. Вчера мы ходили на выставку. На выставке мы видели много картин. 7. Где Том? -- Он на стадионе. Он всегда ходит на стадион в воскресенье. А его сестра ходит в плавательный бассейн. Сейчас она в бассейне. 8. Ты любишь ходить в театр? 9. Когда мы пришли на вокзал, мы поставили свои вещи на платформу и сели на скамейку. Мама пошла в магазин и купила лимонаду. 10. Вчера на уроке учитель сказал мне: "На доске две ошибки. Иди к доске и исправь ошибки." 11. Вы были вчера на концерте? -- Нет, мы работали в библиотеке, а потом мы пошли в парк. В парке мы играли, а потом сидели на траве. 12. Положи книгу в портфель и иди к доске. 13. Сегодня во дворе много ребят.
Обратите внимание на разницу в значении в зависимости от употребления предлогов to и into со словами wood, park, garden, yard, etc.
Пошел, ходил в лес, парк и т. д. went TO
вошел в парк, лес и
went INTO
(преодолел какое-то расстояние прежде, чем дошел)
(был рядом и вошел внутрь)
Упр. 134. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги to или into.
1. Иди в парк. 2. Войди в парк. 3. Она пошла в кухню. 4. Она вошла в кухню. 5. Не ходите в магазин. 6. Не входите в магазин. 7. Она побежала во двор. 8. Она вбежала во двор. 9. Я пошел в сад. 10. Я вошел в сад. 11. Мы пошли в лес. 12. Мы" вошли в лес. 13. Идите в класс. 14. Войдите в класс.
Упр. 135. Вставьте предлоги in или to.
1. We did not want to stay ... town on such a hot day, so we went ... the country. 2. It is very late: Go ... bed at once. 3. Where is your little sister? - - She is ... bed. Mother always puts her ... bed at eight o"clock. 4. In summer my mother does not go ... work and I don"t go ... school. We live ... the country. My father goes ... work every day, so he stays ... town. But sometimes he comes ... the country after work and goes back ... town early in the morning, when I am still ... bed. 5. In winter I usually go ... bed at ten o"clock because I learn ... school and have to get up early. But in
1 Обратите внимание на отсутствие артикля в этих словосочетаниях
summer, when I don"t go ... school and live ... the country, I like to go ... bed late. 6. Do you like to read ... bed?
Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания
на севере -
in the north на юге -
in the south на востоке -
in the east на западе -
in the west
КУДА?
на север -
to the north на юг -
to the south на восток -
to the east на запад -
to the west
Упр. 136. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя предлоги on, in, at, to, into.
1. Мой друг живет на севере. 2. Мы провели лето на юге. 3. В городе было очень жарко, и мы решили поехать за город. После завтрака мы поехали на вокзал. На вокзале было много народу. Люди стояли на платформе и ждали поезда. За городом было чудесно. Сначала мы пошли в лес. В лесу было прохладно. Потом мы подошли к реке. Мы плавали в реке, а бабушка сидела у реки на траве. Вечером мы поехали в город. I. Летом они всегда ездят на юг. 5. Мой папа работает на заводе, а мама в библиотеке. Мой старший брат учится в институте, а я учусь в школе. Утром папа идет на завод, мама идет в библиотеку, мой брат идет в институт, а я иду в школу. Наша бабушка обычно ходит в магазин утром. В магазине она покупает продукты. 6. Владивосток расположен на Дальнем Востоке. 7. Вчера мы были в театре. 8. Позавчера мы были в парке. 9. Завтра мы пойдем в кино или в музей. 10. Где твой брат? -- Он в комнате, стоит у окна. 11. Где твоя сестра? - Она в школе. 12. Где ребенок? - Он в постели. Мама уложила его в постель полчаса назад. 13. Где твой папа? - Он на работе. 14. Где твой дедушка? - - Он в парке. 15. Где Коля? -- Он на стадионе.
Предлоги времени: AT
В пять часов - At five o"clock
В полдень - At noon
В полночь - At midnight
На восходе солнца -At sunrise
На закате - At sunset
УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ВРЕМЕН
в Present Simple Tense
(Present Indefinite Tense)
I am He is
She is It is
We are You are They are
Is he? Is she? Is it?
Are we? Are you? Are they?
I am not He is not She is not It is not
We are not You are not They are not
Yes, I am Yes, he is Yes, she is Yes, it is
Yes, we are Yes, you are Yes, they are
No, I am not No, he isn"t No, she isn"t No, it isn"t
No, we aren"t No, you aren"t No, they aren"t
Упр. 148. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple .
1. I ... a pupil. 2. My father ... not a teacher, he ... a scientist. 3. ... your aunt a doctor? - Yes,
she ... . 4. ... they at home? - - No, they ... not at borne, they ... at work. 5. My brother ... a worker. He ... at work. 6. ... you an engineer? - - Yes, I.... 7. ... your sister a typist? No, she ... not a typist, she ... a student. 8. ... your brother at school? - - Yes, he ... . 9. ... your sister at school? - No, she ... not at school. 10. My ... sister ... at home. 11. ... this your watch? Yes, it ... . 12. She ... an actress. 13. This ... my bag. 14. My uncle ... an office-worker. 15. He ... at work. 16. Helen ... a painter. She has some fine pictures. They ... on the walls. She has much paper. It ... on the shelf. The shelf ... brown. It ... on the wall. Helen has a brother. He ... a student. He has a family. His family ... not in St. Petersburg, it ... in Moscow.
Упр. 149. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to be в Present Simple.
1. Я ученик. Я в школе. 2. Мой брат художник. Он не инженер. 3. Моя сестра на работе. Она врач. 4. Он студент. 5. Вы студент? - Нет, я врач, 6. Моя сестра дома. 7. Мы не в школе. Мы дома. 8. Мой брат ученик. Он в школе. 9. Ваша мама дома? - - Нет, она на работе. 10. Ваш двоюродный брат дома? - - Нет, он в школе. Он ученик. 12. Ваша сестра учительница? - - Нет, она студентка. 12. Твой папа на работе? - Нет, он дома,
13. Твоя сестра машинистка? - Да, - Она дома? - Нет, она на работе. 14. Мой дедушка ученый, 15. Моя мама не учительница. Она врач.
Упр. 150. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to be в Present Simple.
1. Чья это ручка? - Это моя ручка. 2. Чья это книга? - Это ваша книга. 3. Чей это стол? -
Это стол моего брата. 4. Чья это сумка? - - Это сумка моей мамы. 5. Чей это карандаш? - - Это карандаш моей сестры. 6. Это твоя тетрадь? -Да. 7. Это тетрадь твоего брата? - - Нет, это моя тетрадь. 8. Где ваш стол? -- Он посередине комнаты. 9. Где твоя ручка? - Она в моем кармане. 10. Где твоя тетрадь? - - Она на столе. 11. Где твоя мама? -- Она на работе. 12. Где твой брат? - Он в школе. 13. Где твоя сестра? -- Она дома. 14. Чей это карандаш? - - Это мой карандаш. -А где мой карандаш? - Он на столе. 15. Чьи это часы? - - Это мои часы. - - А где мои часы? -Они на столе.
| Спряжение глагола to be (быть) | ||||
| в Pasf Simple Tense | ||||
| (Past Indefinite Tense) | ||||
| I was | I was not | |||
| He was | He was not | |||
| She was | She was not | |||
| It was | It was not | |||
| We were | We were not | |||
| You were | You were not | |||
| They were | They were not | |||
| Was I? | Yes, I was | No, I wasn"t | ||
| Was he? | Yes, he was | No, he wasn"t | ||
| Was she? | Yes, she was | No, she wasn"t | ||
| Was it? | Yes, it was | No, it wasn"t | ||
| Were we? | Yes, we were | No, we weren"t | ||
| Were you? Were they? | Yes, you were Yes, they were | No, you weren"t No, they weren"t | ||
Упр. 151. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to be в Present или Past Simple,
1. Я ученик. 2. Он летчик. 3. Она доктор. 4. Мы школьники. 5. Вы рабочие. 6. Ты рабочий. 7. Они ученики. 8. Я дома. 9. Он в школе. 10. Она в кино? 11. Мы в парке. 12. Они в театре? 13.Она молодая? 14. Он старый. 15. Она не старая. 16. Они сильные. 17. Она больна. 18. Вы больны? 19. Он болен? 20. Я не болен. 21. Я был болен вчера. 22. Она не была больна. 23. Мы были в кино. 24. Они не были в кино. 25. Они не в школе. 26. Они дома. 27. Вы были в парке вчера? 28. Он был в школе вчера? 29. Он был рабочим. 30. Она была учительницей.
| Спряжение глагола to be (быть) в Future Simple Tense (Future Indefinite Tense) | |||
| I shall be He will be She will be It will be | I shall not be He will not be She will not be It will not be | ||
| We shall be You will be They will be | We shall not be You will not be They will not be | ||
| Shall I be? Will he be? Will she be? Will it be? | Yes, I shall Yes, he will Yes, she will Yes, it will | No, I shan"t No, he won"t No, she won"t No, it won"t | |
| Shall we be? Will you be? Will they be? | Yes, we shall Yes, you will Yes, they will | No, we shan"t No, you won"t No, they won"t | |
Упр. 152. Вставьте глагол to be в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1, My father ... a teacher. 2. He ... a pupil twenty years ago. 3.1... a doctor when I grow up. 4. My sister ... not ... at home tomorrow. 5. She ... at school tomorrow. 6. ... you ... at home tomorrow? 7,... your father at work yesterday? 8. My sister ... ill last week. 9. She ... not ill now. 10. Yesterday we... at the theatre. 11. Where ... your mother now? - She ... in the kitchen. 12. Where ... you yesterday? - I ... at the cinema. 13. When I come home tomorrow, all my family ... at home. 14. ... your little sister in bed now? - Yes, she ... 15. ... you... at school tomorrow? - Yes I ... . 16. When my granny... young, she ... an actress. 17. My friend K,. in Moscow now. 18. He ... in St. Petersburg tomorrow. 19. Where ... your books now? -- They ... in my bag.
Упр. 153. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to be в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. Мой брат сейчас в школе. 2. Мой брат был вчера в кино. 3. Мой брат будет завтра дома. [ 4. Ты будешь дома завтра? 5. Она была вчера в парке? 6 Он сейчас во дворе? 7. Где папа? 8. Где выбыли вчера? 9. Где он будет завтра? 10. Мои книги были на столе. Где они сейчас? 11. Моя мама вчера не была на работе. Она была дома. 12, Мой друг не в парке. Он в школе. 13. Завтра в три часа Коля и Миша будут во дворе. 14. Мы не были на юге прошлым летом. Мы были в Москве. 15. Завтра мой дедушка будет в деревне. 16. Когда твоя сестра будет дома? 17. Ты будешь летчиком? - Нет, я буду моряком. 18. Моя
сестра была студенткой в прошлом году, a eel час она врач. - Ты тоже будешь врачом? - Нет, я не буду врачом. Я буду инженером.
| Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в Present Continuous Tense (Present Progressive Tense) (действие в процессе, совершается в тот момент, когда о нем говорят) | |||
| I am working Не is working She is working It is working | I am not working Не is not working She is not working It is not working | ||
| We are working You are working They are working | We are not working You are not working They are not working | | ||
| Am I | Yes, I am | No, I am not | |
| working? | |||
| Is he | Yes, he | is | No, he isn"t |
| working? | |||
| Is she | Yes, she is | No, she isn"t | |
| working? | |||
| Is it | Yes, it is | No, it isn"t | |
| working? | |||
| Are we | Yes, we | are | No, we aren"t |
| working? | |||
| Are you | Yes, you | are | No, you aren"t |
| working? | |||
| Are they | Yes, they are | No, they aren"t | |
| working? |
Упр. 154. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.
(NOW) 1. The boys (to run) about in the garden. 2 I (to do) my homework. 3. John and his
friends (to go) to the library. 4. Ann (to sit) at her desk. She (to study) geography. 5. A young
man (to stand) at the window. He (to smoke) a cigarette. 6. The old man (to walk) about the room.
7. The dog (to lie) on the floor. 8. You (to have) a break? 9. What language you (to study)? 10. Who
(to lie) on the sofa? 11. What they (to talk) about? 12. It still (to rain).
Упр. 155. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.
(СЕЙЧАС) 1. Я читаю. 2. Он не пишет. 3. Мы не работаем. 4. Вы читаете? 5. Он спит? 6. Коля и Миша играют в футбол. 7. Катя играет на роя-I ле. 8. Она не поет. 9. Моя сестра спит. 10. Папа пьет чай? 11. Твои родители пьют чай? 12. Я не сплю. 13. Она сидит за столом. 14. Мы делаем упражнение. 15. Мы не купаемся. 16. Они играют во дворе? 17. Нина и Аня моют пол. 18. Коля помогает маме. 19. Ты помогаешь папе? 20. Моя сестра читает интересную книгу. 21. Они идут в школу. 21. Вы идете в школу? 22. Он работает? 23 . Твоя бабушка идет в магазин? 24. Он покупает конфеты. 25, Что делает твоя сестра? 26. Где играют дети? 27. Почему ты смеешься? 28. Куда они идут? 29. Что несут эти мальчики?
| II | Спряжение глагола to work (работать) в Present Simple Tense (Present Indefinite Tense) (действие совершается обычно) | |||
| I work | I do not work | |||
| He works | He does not work | |||
| She works | She does not work | |||
| It works | It does not work | |||
| We work | We do not work | |||
| You work | You do not work | |||
| \- | They work | They do not work | ||
| | 1)0 I | work? Yes, I do | No, I don"t | ||
| ! Does | Does 1 Does | he work? Yes, he does she work? Yes, she does it work? Yes, it does | No, he doesn"t No, she doesn"t No, it doesn"t | ||
| Do we work? Yes, we do | No, we don"t | |||
| Do you work? Yes, you do Do they work? Yes, they do | No, you don"t No, they don"t | |||
| _ -------------------- | ||||
Упр. 156, Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
(USUALLY) 1. My sister (to get) up at eight o"clock. 2. She (to be) a school-girl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. 3. Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 4. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 5. After breakfast she (to go) to school. 6. It (to take) him two hours to do his homework. 7. She (to speak) French well. 8, My working day (to begin) at seven o"clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes, At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My father and I (to leave) home at eight o"clock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o"clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living-room. We (to watch) TV and (to talk).
Упр. 157. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
(ОБЫЧНО) 1. Я работаю. 2. Мы работаем. " 3. Они не работают. 4. Вы работаете? - - Да. | 5. Он работает? - - Нет. Он учится. 6. Мой брат | не учится. Он работает. 7. Моя сестра не читает книг. 8. Наша бабушка любит спать на диване. 9. Вы любите отдыхать в кресле? 10. Мы едим и пьем в кухне. 11. Мой брат не любит читать газеты. 12. Мы спим в спальне. 13. Мой брат спит на диване в жилой комнате. 14. Моя сестра одевается перед зеркалом. 15. Мой дядя пишет книги. 16. Мы пишем упражнения в школе.
Упр. 158. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
1. Когда вы встаете? - - Я встаю без четверти семь. 2. Когда встает твой брат? - - Он встает без двадцати восемь. - А твоя сестра тоже встает без двадцати восемь? - - Нет. Мой брат ходит в школу, а моя сестра не ходит в школу. Она еще не ученица. Она встает в девять часов. 3. Мой брат работает в больнице. Он врач. Он встает двадцать минут восьмого. Он работает утром и днем. Вечером он не работает. Вечером он отдыхает. 4. Твоя сестра говорит по-французски? - - Нет. Она говорит по-немецки, а ее муж говорит по-английски.
Упр. 159. Переведите на английский язык,! употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
Мой дядя инженер. Он очень занят. Его рабочий день начинается рано утром. Он встает в семь часов. Он умывается, одевается и завтракает. После завтрака он идет на работу. Он работает в институте. Он любит свою работу. Он женат. Его жена врач. Она работает в больнице. Вечером она изучает французский язык. Она посещает курсы французского языка. Мой дядя не говорит по-французски. Он говорит по-русски и по-немецки. Он изучает английский язык. Вечером он посещает курсы английского языка. Сын моего I дяди ученик. Он ходит в школу. В школе он изучает английский язык.
Сравните употребление Present Continuous и Present Simple.
Упр. 160. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
I (to read) now. He (to sleep) now. We (to drink) tea now. They (to go) to school now. I (not to sleep) now.
She (not to drink) coffee now. I (to read) every day. He (to sleep) every night. We (to drink) tea every morning.
They (to go) to school every morning. I (not to sleep) in the daytime. She (not to drink) coffee after lunch. We (not to watch) TV now. They (not to eat) now. My mother (not to work) now. You (to work) now? He (to play) now? They (to eat) now? Your sister (to rest) now? What you (to do) now? What you (to read) now? What they (to eat) now? What your brother (to drink) now? We (not to watch) TV in the morning. They (not to eat) at the lesson. My mother (not to work) at an office. You (to work) every day? He (to play) in the afternoon? They (to eat) at school? Your sister (to rest) after school? What you (to do) every morning? What you (to read) after dinner? What they (to eat) at breakfast? What your brother (to drink) in the evening?
Упр. 161. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 2. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning. 3. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 4. Your friend (to go) to school in the morning? 5. Look! The baby (to sleep). 6. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 7. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension. 8. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 9. I usually (to get) up at seven o"clock in the morning. 10. What your sister (to do) now? - - She (to wash) her face and hands. 11. When you usually (to come) home from school? - I (to come) at three o"clock. 12. Where your cousin (to work)? -- He (to work) at a hospi-taJ. 13. Your sister (to study) at an institute? - No, she (to study) at school. 14. My cousin (to go) to school every day. 15. My mother (not to play) the piano now. She (to play) the piano in the morning.
Упр. 162. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. I (to read) books in the evening. 2. I (not to read) books in the morning. 3. I (to write) an exercise now. 4. I (not to write) a letter now. 5. They (to play) in the yard now. 6. They (not to play) in the street now. 7. They (to play) in the room now? 8. He (to help) his mother every day. 9. He (to help) his mother every day? 10. He (not to help) his mother every day. 11. You (to go) to school on Sunday? 12. My friend (not to like) to play football. 13.1 (not to read) now. 14. He (to sleep) now? 15.We (not to go) to the country in winter. 16.My sister (to eat) sweets every day. 17. She (not to eat) sweets now. 18. They (to do) their homework in the afternoon. 19. They (not to go) for a walk in the evening. 20. My father (not to work) on Sunday. 21. He (to work) every day.
Упр. 163. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. They (to read) many books. 2. They (to read) many books? 3. They (not to read) many books. 4. The children (to eat) soup now. 5. The children (to eat) soup now? 6. The children (not to eat) soup now. 7. You (to play) volley-ball well? 8. When you (to play) volley-ball? 9. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 10. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening? 11. We (not to dance) every day. 12. Look! Kate (to dance). 13. Kate (to sing) well? 14. Where he (to go) in the morning? 15. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 16. My granny (to sleep) after dinner. 17. When you (to sleep)? 16. Nina (not to sleep) now. 19. Where John (to live)? - - He (to live) in England.
Упр. 164. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. I (to write) a composition now. 2. I (not to drink) milk now. 3. I (to go) for a walk after dinner. 4. I (not to go) to the theatre every Sunday. 5. He (not to read) now. 6. He (to play) now. 7 He (to play) now? 8. My mother (to work) at a factory. 9. My aunt {not to work) at a shop. 10. You (to work) at an office? 11. My friend (to live) in St. Petersburg. 12. My cousin (not to live) in Moscow. 13. The children (not to sleep) now. 14. The children (to play) in the yard every day. 15. They (not to go) to the stadium on Monday. 16. She (to read) in the evening. 17. She (not to read) in the morning. 18. She (not to read) now. 19. Your father (to work) at this factory? 20. You (to play) chess now? 21. Look at the sky: the clouds (to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the clouds, it (to get) warmer. 22. How is your brother? - - He is not well yet, but his health (to improve) day after day. 23. Listen! Who (to play) the piano in the next room?
Запомните глаголы, не употребляющиеся во временах группы Continuous: to be, to know, to understand, to think, to recognize, to want, to like, to see, to hear, to feel, to have 1 . Эти глаголы надо употреблять в Present Simple, даже если действие совершается в момент речи.
Упр. 165. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
I. What you (to do) here now? - - We (to listen) to tape-recordings. 2. You (to want) to see my father? - Yes, I ... 3. Michael (to know) German rather well. He (to want) to know English, too, but he (to have) little time for it now. 4. What magazine you (to read)? - - It (to be) a French magazine. There (to be) good articles on sports here. You (to be) interested in sports? - - Yes, I .... But I (not to know) French. 5. We (to have) an English lesson now. 6. Lena usually (to prepare) her homework at the institute? - - No, she ... . As a rule, she (to work) at home. - And what she (to write) now? -Oh, she (to write) an article for our wall newspaper. 7. Who that man (to be) who (to stand) in the doorway? - - You (not to recognize) him? It (to be) John, my cousin. 8. I (to have) no time now, I (to have) dinner. 9. Your family (to leave) St. Petersburg in summer? - Yes, we always (to go) to the sea-side. We all (to like) the sea. Mother (to stay) with us to the end of August, but father (to return) much earlier. 10. Where Tom and Nick (to be) now? - They (to have) a smoke in the garden.
1 to have -- только в своем прямом значении «иметь». В словосочетаниях типа "to have breakfast", "to have a lesson", "to have a smoke" глагол to have употребляется также и во временах группы Continuous
Упр. 166. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. It (to take) me forty minutes to get to school. 2. Hello, Pete, where you (to go)? - I (to hurry) to school. 3. When your lessons (to begin) on Monday? - They (to beg
Выбери правильный вариант
1. I have __sister.
2.I can see __ orange on your table .
3. I like __ apples .
4. I like __ juice .
a
an
---
a
an
---
a
an
---
a
an
---
a
an
---
a
an
---
a
an
---
a
5. We have __ books in the library .
6. He drinks __milk every day.
7. Would you like to be __teacher?
8. My sister has __child.
9. How much time do we have? Just__hour.
an
---
A
an
---
10. Would you like __cup of tea?
A
an
---
Запомните следующие правила:
Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять
Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы
артикль.
должны уметь объяснить, почему.
Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным
стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение, другое
существительное в притяжательном падеже,количественное
числительное
Или отрицание “no” (не “not”!).
Упражнение 1
1. This is … book. It is my … book. 2. Is this your … pencil? – No, it isn’t my …
pencil, it is my sister’s … pencil. 3. I have … sister. My … sister is … engineer. My
sister’s … husband is … doctor. 4. I have no … handbag. 5. She has got …
headache. 6. Have they got … car? – Yes, they have. Their … car is very expensive
but reliable. 7. Have you got … calculator? – No, I haven’t. 8. Is this … watch? –
No, it isn’t … watch, it’s … pen. 9. This … pen is good, and that … pen is bad. 10. I
can see … pencil on your … table, but I can see no … paper. 11. Give me … chair,
please. 12. They have … dog and two cats. 13. I have … spoon in my … plate, but I
have no … soup in it. 14. My … friend says he is going to be … millionaire one …
day. 15. Would you like … orange? 16. Mr. Smith is … artist, Mrs. Smith is …
poetess.
Упражнение 2
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. He hasn’t got … car. But he’s got … computer. … computer is new. 2. My …
friends have got … cat and … dog. … dog never bites … cat. 3. This is … tree. …
tree is green. 4. I can see three … boys. … boys are playing. 5. I have … bicycle. …
bicycle is black. My … friend has no … bicycle. 6. Our … room is large. 7. We
wrote … dictation yesterday. … dictation was long. 8. She has two … daughters and
one … son. Her … son is … pupil. 9. Last year I gave my … mother … bracelet for
her … birthday. She liked … bracelet. 10. My … brother’s … friend has no … dog.
11. This … pencil is broken. Give me that … pencil, please. 12. She has … ball. …
ball is … big. 13. I got … letter from my … friend yesterday. … letter was
interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at … hotel and sometimes in
… restaurant.
Упражнение 3
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is … pen. … pen is red. 2. These are pencils. … pencils are black. 3. This is
… soup. … soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat … sandwich and drink … tea. 5.
She gave me … coffee and … cake. … coffee was hot. … cake was tasty. 6. Do you
like … icecream? 7. I see … book in your … hand. Is … book interesting? 8. Do
you need … camera? 9. He never eats … meat, he always eats … vegetables, …
cereals, … seeds, … fruit, and … nuts. He is … vegetarian. 10. This is … pineapple.
… pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, … apples are good for you! 12. My … cousin is
upset. He’s got … sore throat. 13. This is … cottage cheese. … cottage cheese is
fresh. 14. She bought … meat, … butter and potatoes yesterday. She also bought …
cake. … cake was very … tasty. We ate … cake with … tea. 15. This is my … table.
On … table I have … book, two … pencils, … pen and … paper. 16. This is … bag.
… bag is brown. It’s my sister’s … bag. And this is my … bag. It is … yellow.
Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не
употребляется: at _ school, at _ home, at _ work
Упражнение 4
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I have two … sisters. My … sisters are … students. 2. We are at … home. 3. My
… brother is not at … home, he is at … school. 4. My … mother is at … work. 5. I
am not … doctor. 6. I have no … sister. 7. He is not … pilot. 8. I have thirtytwo …
teeth. 9. He has … child. 10. She has two … children. Her children are at … school.
11. Is your father at … home? – No, he is at … work. 12. Where is your … brother?
– He is at … home.
Упражнение 5
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. We have … large … family. 2. My granny often tells us … long … interesting …
stories. 3. My … father is … engineer. He works at … factory. … factory is large. 4.
My … mother is … doctor. She works at … large … hospital. She is at … work now.
5. My … aunt is … teacher. She works at … school. … school is good. My … aunt is
not at … school now. She is at … home. She is drinking … tea and eating … jam. …
jam is sweet. I am at … home too. I am drinking … tea and eating … sandwich. …
sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at … school. She is … pupil. 7. My cousin has …
big … black … cat. My cousin’s … cat has two … kittens. … cat likes … milk. …
kittens like … milk too. 8. I am … engineer. 9. My … son is … pupil. 10. He is …
god … pupil. 11. This is … house. 12. This is my … pencil. 13. You have some …
pencils, but I have no … pencil. Give me … pencil, please.
Упражнение 6
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I see ... bottle of ... pineapple ... yuice on ... kitchen table. 2. Her ... son has ...
great ... sense of ... humor. 3. There was ... disco at ... club last Saturday but he didn"t
go. 4. Is there ... bus stop near ... building? 5. We have ... big dog. ... dog is very
clever. 6. My friend has ... very good computer. 7. This ... boy is big. He is ...
student. 8. There is ... very large piano in ... hall. 9. This is ... tree and that is not ...
tree. It"s ... bush. 10. I am ... boy. I am ... pupil. I study at ... school. 11. My sister is at
... work. She is ... secretary. She works at ... large office. 12. This is ...very difficult
question. I don"t know ... answer to it. 13. Do you see ... little girl with ... big ball in
her hands? She is ... pupil of our school. 14. There was ... beautiful flower in this
vase yesterday. Where is ... flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is ...
exciting city to visit, but ... very expensive place to live.
Если после конструкции there is / there are стоит неисчисляемое
существительное или существительное во множественном числе, то вместо
опущенного неопределенного артикля часто, но необязательно употребляется
местоимение some.
Упражнение 7
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1.There is ... park behind ... hospital. There are ... beautiful ... trees in ... park. 2.
There is ... good ... film on TV this ... evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is ...
library between ... school and ... bank. There are ... cushions on ... sofa. 6. There
are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please. 7. Look into ... refrigerator. What
can you see on ... shelves? There is ... butter in ... butter dish. There is ... sausage,
but there is no ... cheese. There are ... eggs and ... apples. There is ... orange, ...
lemon, and ... jam in ... little vase. 8. There is ... juice in this ... cup? May I drink ...
juice? 9. There are ... girls in ... yard, but I can see no ... boys. Where are ... boys?
Oh, all ... boys are playing ... football at ... stadium.
1. Choose the correct variant.
I. …Smiths have a dog and a cat.
a) … b) The c) A
2. He knows how to work on … computer.
a) a b) an c) …
3. She was the first woman to swim across … English Channel.
a) a b) … c) the
4. Go down … Kingston Street and turn left into Oxford Street.
a) the b) a c) …
5. I don’t like milk in … tea.
a) … b) the с) а
6. At the end of… busy day, sleep is the best way to restore your energy.
a) the b) a c) …
7. We’ll go for a walk if … weather is fine.
a) a b) … c) the
8. Could you give me … information I asked for in my letter?
a) the b) … c) a
9. …war is a terrible thing.
a) The b) … с) А
10. I spent … very interesting holiday in England.
a) the b) a c) …
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В английском языке два артикля - неопределенный a/an и определенный the. Артикль является признаком существительного и
ставится или непосредственно перед существительным, или перед определяющим его прилагательным.
№
п/п
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕННОГО АРТИКЛЯ THE
СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ
ПРИМЕР
Если говорится о единственном в мире
предмете
The sun is in the sky. Солнце находится на
небе.
Когда говорится о предмете (или лице),
единственном в данной обстановке
The teacher is in the classroom. Учитель в
классе. (В данном классе находится только
Когда о данном предмете уже
упоминалось в разговоре или
повествовании
С существительным, перед которым стоит
порядковое числительное
С существительным, перед которым
стоит прилагательное в превосходной
степени
Если говорится об определенном
количестве вещества,
например tea чай, milk молоко, bread хлеб
и т. п.
Перед названиями морей, горных
массивов, островов, рек, пустынь,
кораблей, гостиниц, кинотеатров, театров;
перед словами country за
городом, sea море, seaside у
моря,mountains горы (и при обобщении)
Перед существительным в единственном
числе, обозначающим целый класс
предметов, людей (т. е. при обобщении)
После слов one of один (из), some
of некоторые (из), many of многие
(из), each of каждый (из), most
of большинство (из) (часто после
слов all все, both of оба)
один учитель)
"I’ve got a very interesting book," says Mike.
"Please show me the book," says Nick. «У меня
есть интересная книга», - говорит Майк.
«Покажи мне пожалуйста эту книгу», -
говорит Ник.
We are on the fourth floor. Мы на пятом этаже.
He is the best student in our group. Он лучший
студент в нашей группе.
Is the milk on the table? Молоко на столе?
I’m taking a trip to the mountains next week. На
следующей неделе я еду в горы.
Did you go to the Black Sea or to the Volga? Вы
ездили на Черное море или на Волгу?
The whale is a mammal, not a fish. Кит - это
млекопитающее, а не рыба.
Most of the stories are very
interesting. Большинство рассказов очень
интересны.
Give me one of the books.
Дайте мне одну из (этих) книг.
10
Перед названиями четырех сторон света
the Northern part of our country - север нашей
страны
№
п/п
1
2
3
4
5
6
СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОГО АРТИКЛЯ A/AN
СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ
ПРИМЕР
При упоминании чеголибо впервые
A man came up to a policeman. Человек
подошел к полицейскому.
При обобщении
A baby deer can stand as soon as it is
При обозначении неопределенного
количества конкретного предмета
Перед названиями профессий или
должностей
В значении один перед
исчисляемыми существительными,
обозначающими время
born. Оленята могут стоять на ногах сразу
после рождения.
Pass me a piece of bread. Передайте мне
(немного) хлеба.
He is a doctor. Он врач.
Will you be back in an hour? Вы вернетесь
через час?
Перед исчисляемыми существительными в
единственном числе, определяемыми
словами such, quite, rather, most (в
значении очень)
He is quite a young man. Он совсем еще
молодой человек.
It is a most interesting book. Это очень
интересная книга.
N. B.
Артикль an употребляется тогда, когда следующее за ним слово начинается с гласного
звука: an old woman старуха, an honest man честный человек.
№
п/п
1
2
3
4
5
6
ОТСУТСТВИЕ АРТИКЛЯ
СЛУЧАЙ
ПРИМЕР
Перед исчисляемыми существительными во
множественном числе (в тех случаях, когда в
единственном числе следует употребить
неопределенный артикль)
При обобщении (обычно используется
множественное число или
неисчисляемое существительное без артикля)
В выражениях с собственным существительным в
притяжательном падеже
My father and my uncle
are doctors. Мой отец и мой дядя
врачи.
Carrots are my favourite
vegetable. Морковь - мой любимый
овощ.
John’s coat пальто Джона
Перед существительным в функции определения
guitar lessons уроки игры на гитаре
Перед названиями континентов, стран, штатов,
городов, улиц, озер
I’ve been neither to South Africa nor to
North America.
Я не был ни в Южной Африке, ни в
Северной Америке.
Перед неисчисляемыми
(абстрактными) существительными
This is important information. Это
важная информация.
I need advice.
Мне нужен совет.
You can get there in time if you go by
train. Вы можете добраться туда
вовремя, если поедете поездом.
7
В некоторых
сочетаниях существительного с предлогом, когда
все сочетание имеет характер наречия. to/at/from
school, university, college; to/in/into/from church; in
time; at/from home; by car, bus, bicycle, plane, train,
metro, boat etc.; for breakfast и т. д.
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Вопрос: Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? - No, it isn"t my ... pencil, it is my sis¬ter"s ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister"s ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. She has got ... headache. 6. Have they got... car? - Yes, they have. Their ... car is very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got ... calculator? - No, I haven"t. 8. Is this ... watch? - No, it isn"t ... watch, it"s ... pen. 9. This ... pen is good, and that... pen is bad. 10.I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 11. Give me ... chair, please. 12. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 13. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it.
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? - No, it isn"t my ... pencil, it is my sis¬ter"s ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister"s ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. She has got ... headache. 6. Have they got... car? - Yes, they have. Their ... car is very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got ... calculator? - No, I haven"t. 8. Is this ... watch? - No, it isn"t ... watch, it"s ... pen. 9. This ... pen is good, and that... pen is bad. 10.I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 11. Give me ... chair, please. 12. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 13. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it.
Ответ:
1. A,- 2. -, -, - 3. A, -, an, -, a 4. - 5. A 6. A, - 7. A 8. A,a,a 9. -, - 10. A, -, - 11. A 12. A,- 13. A,-,-
- Один квадратный дециметр это сколько сантиметров Один квадратный сантиметр это сколько дециметров оди квадратный сантиметр это сколько дециметров и сантиметров
- Верны ли следующие суждения о сферах общественной жизни? А. Социальная сфера вкл??чает отношения, связанные с производством и обменом материальных благ. Б. Экономическая сфера обеспечивает удовлетворение материальных потребностей общества. 1) верно только А 2) верно только Б 3) верны оба суждения 4) оба суждения неверны
- Помогите срочноооооооооо!(а) Путешественник проехал 3378 км за день, что составило (4-числитель 6-знаменатель) всего пути. Сколько километров ему осталось проехать? б) путешественник проехал 5058 км. Из них (5-числитель,9 знаменатель) он проехал в первый день.Сколько километров он проехал после этого
Вопрос: Упражнение 3 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is … pen. … pen is red. 2. These are pencils. … pencils are black. 3. This is … soup. … soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat … sandwich and drink … tea. 5. She gave me … coffee and … cake. … coffee was hot. … cake was tasty. 6. Do you like … ice-cream? 7. I see … book in your … hand. Is … book interesting? 8. Do you need … camera? 9. He never eats … meat, he always eats … vegetables, … cereals, … seeds, … fruit, and … nuts. He is … vegetarian. 10. This is … pineapple. … pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, … apples are good for you! 12. My … cousin is upset. He’s got … sore throat. 13. This is … cottage cheese. … cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought … meat, … butter and potatoes yesterday. She also bought … cake. … cake was very … tasty. We ate … cake with … tea. 15. This is my … table. On … table I have … book, two … pencils, … pen and … paper. 16. This is … bag. … bag is brown. It’s my sister’s … bag. And this is my … bag. It is … yellow.
Упражнение 3 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо. 1. This is … pen. … pen is red. 2. These are pencils. … pencils are black. 3. This is … soup. … soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat … sandwich and drink … tea. 5. She gave me … coffee and … cake. … coffee was hot. … cake was tasty. 6. Do you like … ice-cream? 7. I see … book in your … hand. Is … book interesting? 8. Do you need … camera? 9. He never eats … meat, he always eats … vegetables, … cereals, … seeds, … fruit, and … nuts. He is … vegetarian. 10. This is … pineapple. … pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, … apples are good for you! 12. My … cousin is upset. He’s got … sore throat. 13. This is … cottage cheese. … cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought … meat, … butter and potatoes yesterday. She also bought … cake. … cake was very … tasty. We ate … cake with … tea. 15. This is my … table. On … table I have … book, two … pencils, … pen and … paper. 16. This is … bag. … bag is brown. It’s my sister’s … bag. And this is my … bag. It is … yellow.
Ответ:
1. This is a pen. The pen is red. 2. These are pencils. The pencils are black. 3. This is soup. The soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat a sandwich and drink tea. 5. She gave me coffee and a cake. The coffee was hot. The cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ice-cream? 7. I see a book in your hand. Is the book interesting? 8. Do you need the camera? 9. He never eats meat, he always eats vegetables, cereals, seeds, fruit, and nuts. He is a vegetarian. 10. This is a pineapple. The pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, apples are good for you! 12. My cousin is upset. He’s got a sore throat. 13. This is cottage cheese. The cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought meat, butter and potatoes yesterday. She also bought a cake. The cake was very tasty. We ate the cake with tea. 15. This is my table. On the table I have a book, two pencils, a pen and paper. 16. This is a bag. The bag is brown. It’s my sister’s bag. And this is my bag. It is yellow.
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