Biography Victor Marie Hugo () French romantic writer. V. Hugo was born on February 26, Died on May 22, 1885, in Paris. Zodiac sign - Pisces. Preface to the drama "Cromwell" a manifesto of the French romantics. The plays "Hernani", "Marion Delorme", "Ruy Blaz" are the embodiment of rebellious ideas. Anti-clerical tendencies are strong in the historical novel Notre Dame Cathedral. After the coup d'état of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte emigrated, published a political pamphlet "Napoleon the Small" and a collection of satirical poems "Retribution." humanistic ideals. Poetry collections "Oriental motives", "Legend of the Ages", a novel about the French Revolution "93rd year".
Victor Hugo was the third son of a captain (later general) of the Napoleonic army. His parents often dispersed and eventually received official permission to live separately on February 3, 1818. Victor was brought up under the strong influence of his mother, whose royalist and Voltairean views left a deep imprint on him. The father managed to win the love and admiration of his son after the death of his wife. For a long time, Hugo's education was haphazard. Only in 1814 he entered the boarding house of Cordier, from where he moved to the Lyceum of Louis the Great. After graduating from the Lyceum, Victor Hugo, together with his brothers, undertook the publication of the two-week magazine "Conservatory Litere", where he published his early poems and the first version of the melodramatic novel "Bug Jargal" (1821). He was carried away by his childhood friend Adele Fouche, but met with the strong disapproval of his mother, and only after her death did the father allow the lovers to meet. Leader of the Romantic Movement
In 1827, Victor Hugo released the play Cromwell, which was too long to be performed on stage, but her famous Preface was the culmination of all the controversy in France about the principles of dramatic art. Giving enthusiastic praise to Shakespeare's theater, Hugo attacked the classicist unity of time, place and action, defended the combination of the sublime with the grotesque and put forward a demand for a more flexible system of versification, abandoning the Alexandrian twelve-syllable. This manifesto of romantic drama in France, as well as the story “The Last Day of the Condemned” (1829), imbued with humanistic ideas, and the poetry collection “Oriental Motives” (1829) brought Hugo enormous fame.
The period from 1829 to 1843 was extremely productive for Hugo. In 1829, the play "Marion Delorme" appeared, banned by the censorship because of the unflattering portrayal of Louis XIII. In less than a month, Victor Hugo wrote his second drama, Hernani. The scandalous production on February 25, 1830 was followed by others, equally noisy. The Battle for Hernani ended not only with the triumph of the play's author, but also with the final victory of Romanticism: The Bastille of Classicism in the field of drama was destroyed. Subsequent plays had no less resonance, in particular, The King Amuses himself (1832) and Ruy Blaz.
In 1842 Victor Hugo published the book of travel notes "Rhine" (1842), in which he outlined his program of international politics, calling for cooperation between France and Germany. Soon after this, the poet experienced a terrible tragedy: in 1843, his beloved daughter Leopoldina and her husband Charles Vacry drowned in a shipwreck on the Seine. Having retired from society for a while, Hugo began to ponder the plan for a large social novel, tentatively titled "Adversity". Work on the book was interrupted by the revolution of 1848: Hugo entered the sphere of active politics and was elected to the National Assembly.
Exile and triumph After the coup d'état on December 2, 1851, the writer fled to Brussels, from there he moved to the island of Jersey, where he spent three years, and in 1855 to the island of Guernsey. During his long exile, Victor Hugo created his greatest works. In 1852, the journalistic book Napoleon the Small was published, and in 1853, Retribution appeared, the pinnacle of Hugo's political lyrics, a brilliant poetic satire with a devastating criticism of Napoleon III and all his henchmen. During his stay in Guernsey, Victor Hugo published William Shakespeare (1864), a collection of poems Songs of Streets and Forests (1865), as well as two novels The Workers of the Sea (1866) and The Man Who Laughs ( 1869). The first of them reflects V. Hugo's stay in the Channel Islands: the main character of the book, endowed with the best traits of a national character, shows extraordinary steadfastness and perseverance in the struggle against the oceanic elements. In the second novel, Hugo turned to the history of England during the reign of Queen Anne. The plot is based on the story of a lord who was sold to traffickers (comprachikos) in early childhood, who turned his face into an eternal mask of laughter. He travels around the country as a wandering actor along with an old man and a blind beauty who has sheltered him, and when his title is returned to him, he speaks in the House of Lords with a fiery speech in defense of the disadvantaged to the mocking laughter of aristocrats. Having left a world alien to him, he decides to return to his former wandering life, but the death of his beloved leads him to despair, and he throws himself into the sea.
After the collapse of the regime of Napoleon III in 1870, at the very beginning of the Franco-Prussian War, Victor Hugo returns to Paris, accompanied by the faithful Juliette. Over the years, he embodied opposition to the empire and became a living symbol of the republic. His reward was a deafening solemn meeting. Having the opportunity to leave the capital before the onset of enemy troops, he chose to stay in the besieged city. Elected to the National Assembly in 1871, Hugo soon resigned as a deputy in protest against the policies of the conservative majority. In 1872, Victor published the collection "The Terrible Year", testifying to the loss of illusions in relation to Germany, for an alliance with which he called France since 1874, Hugo, completely indifferent to new trends in prose, again turned to the historical novel, writing ". Despite a lot of accurate information about revolutionary France, romantic symbolization triumphs in the novel again: one of the heroes embodies mercilessness towards counter-revolutionaries, and the second one embodies mercy, which is above all civil strife; the writer calls the revolution a "cleansing crucible", where the sprouts of a new civilization make their way through chaos and darkness.
Recent years At the age of 75, Victor Hugo published not only the second part of The Legend of the Ages, but also the collection The Art of Being a Grandfather, inspired by his grandchildren Georges and Anne. The final part of "Legend of the Ages" was published in the same year Juliette Drouet died of cancer, and this loss crippled Hugo's strength. After his death, Victor Hugo was honored with a state funeral, and his remains were placed in the Pantheon next to Voltaire and Rousseau.
VICTOR HUGO Victor Hugo (1802-1885) Presentation downloaded from the site
Childhood Victor Marie Hugo was born on February 26, 1802 in Benzason, Department of Doubs. His father was an officer who rose to the rank of general under Napoleon. However, a much greater influence on Victor was exerted by his mother, who adhered to monarchist views.
Youth In 1811, Hugo entered a noble seminary in Madrid, but two years later his father was forced to return to Paris due to military events, and in 1814 to retire. Soon Hugo's parents separated; Victor stayed with his mother. Victor Hugo continued his studies in Paris, first at a private boarding house, and then at the College of Saint Louis.
Creative years In 1821 Hugo published his story "Bug Jargal", and in 1922 his first poetry collection "Odes and Various Poems", written under the influence of the romantic poet FR Chateaubriand, was published. Soon Hugo's monarchist views changed, in his poems and plays, imbued with a premonition of revolution, a transition to the position of republicanism was noticeable. In 1827, Hugo wrote the drama "Cromwell", in the preface to which the principles of a new literary direction - democratic romanticism were proclaimed, in 1829 his drama "Hernani" appeared. Presentation downloaded from the site
After the July Revolution of 1830, Victor Hugo went over to the side of the liberal opposition. In 1831, the first great novel by Victor Hugo, Notre Dame Cathedral, appeared, imbued with anti-clericalism.
End of life. It was during this period of time that the most famous works of Victor Hugo were written - the novels "Les Miserables" (1862), "Workers of the Sea" (1866), "The Man Who Laughs" (1869). After Napoleon III was deposed in 1870, Victor Hugo returned to Paris. In 1874, his novel "Ninety-third Year" was published, in which the leaders of the Great French Revolution were shown, and in 1883 Hugo completed his long-term work on the trilogy "Legends of the Ages".
On May 22, 1885, Victor Hugo died. As a token of gratitude and admiration for his talent, the inhabitants of Paris decided to restore the tomb of the great people of France - the Pantheon, where Victor Hugo was buried. Presentation downloaded from the site
Victor Marie Hugo
Childhood
The writer's father, Joseph Leopold Sigisber Hugo (1773-1828), became a general of the Napoleonic army, his mother Sophie Trebuchet (1772-1821), the daughter of a shipowner, was a Voltairian royalist.
Hugo's early childhood takes place in Marseille, Corsica, Elba (1803-1805), Italy (1807), Madrid (1811), where his father's official activities take place, and from where the family returns to Paris each time.
The travels left a deep impression on the soul of the future poet and prepared his romantic outlook. In 1813, Hugo's mother, Sophie Trebuchet, who had a love affair with General Lagori, divorced her husband and settled with her son in Paris.
Youth and the beginning of literary activity
From 1814 to 1818 he studied at the Lyceum "Louis the Great". At the age of 14, he begins to create. Writes his unpublished tragedies: "Yrtatine" and "Athelie ou les scandinaves", the drama "Louis de Castro", translates Virgil, at the age of 15 already receives an honorary review at the Academy competition for the poem "Les avantages des études", in 1819 - two prizes at the Jeux Floraux competition for the poems Vierges de Verdun and the ode to the restoration of the statue of Henry IV (Rétablissement de la statue de Henri III), which laid the foundation for his Legend of the Ages; then publishes the ultra-royalist satire "Telegraph", which first drew the attention of readers. In 1819-1821 he publishes Le Conservateur littéraire, a literary supplement to a royalist Catholic journal. Filling out his edition himself under various pseudonyms, Hugo published there "Ode to the death of the Duke of Berry", which for a long time established his reputation as a monarchist.
In October 1822, Hugo married Adele Fouche, five children were born in this marriage:
Leopold (1823-1823)
Leopoldina, (1824-1843)
Charles, (1826-1871)
François-Victor, (1828-1873)
Adele (1830-1915).
Victor Hugo's novel Han d "Islande" was published in 1823 and received a discreet reception. Charles Nodier's well-reasoned criticism led to a meeting and further friendship between him and Victor Hugo. Soon after, a meeting was held in the library Arsenal, the cradle of romanticism, which had a great influence on the development of Victor Hugo's work.The friendship will last until 1827-1830, when Charles Nodier becomes more and more critical of the works of Victor Hugo. Around this period, Hugo renews his relationship with his father and writes the poems Ode to My Father (Odes à mon père) and After the Battle (Après la bataille) His father died in 1828.
From 1830 to 1843 Victor Hugo works almost exclusively for the theater, however, he publishes at this time several collections of poetry: "Autumn Leaves" (Les Feuilles d "automne, 1831)," Songs of Twilight "(Les Chants du crépuscule , 1835), "Inner voices" (Les Voix intérieures, 1837), "Rays and shadows" (Les Rayons et les Ombres, 1840). In 1841, Hugo was elected to the French Academy, in 1845 he received the title of peerage. Elected to the National Assembly, Hugo opposed the coup d'état of 1851 and was in exile after Napoleon III was proclaimed emperor, returned to France in 1870, and was elected senator in 1876.
Like many young writers of his era, Hugo was greatly influenced by François Chateaubriand, a prominent figure in the literary movement of Romanticism and a prominent figure in France and the early 19th century. In his youth, Hugo decided to be "Chateaubriand or nothing," and that his life should match the life of his predecessor. Like Chateaubriand, Hugo will promote romanticism, have a significant place in politics as the leader of republicanism, and will be exiled due to his political positions.
Victor Hugo Life and career Victor Hugo (1802-85) - French romantic writer. V. Hugo was born on February 26, 1802, Besançon. Died May 22, 1885, in Paris. The writer's father was Joseph Leopold Sigisber Hugo (1773-1828) - general of the Napoleonic army, and his mother was Sophie Trebuchet (1772-1821) - the daughter of a shipowner, a royalist Voltairean .. Childhood Hugo's early childhood passed in Marseilles, in Corsica, on the Elbe (1803-1805), in Italy (1807), in Madrid (1811), where his father's official activity takes place, and from where the family returns to Paris each time. In 1813, Hugo's mother, who had an affair with General Lagori, divorced her husband and settled with her son in Paris. Victor as a child Personal life Victor married Adele Hugo in his youth; the couple had five children. But Hugo dreamed and with all his thoughts aspired only to his beloved and muse Juliette Drouet. It was love for her that was more important to him than God. Hugo met Juliette Drouet in 1833. At this time she was 26 years old, and she was distinguished by a burning beauty. Men were also attracted by her passionate temperament and independence of judgment. Juliette Drouet Youth and the beginning of literary activity From 1814 to 1818 he studied at the Lyceum of Louis the Great. At the age of 14 he began his creative activity. At the age of 15, he already received an honorary review at the Academy competition for the poem "Les avantages des études", in 1819 - two prizes for the poem "Maidens of Verdun" (Vierges de Verdun) and the ode "To the restoration of the statue of Henry IV" In 1819-1821 publishes a literary supplement to the royalist Catholic magazine. Hugo published "Ode to the death of the Duke of Berry", which for a long time established his reputation as a monarchist. The creative path In 1823, Hugo publishes the first novel "Han d'Island" (Han the Icelander). Charles Nodier's article about this work marked the beginning of Hugo's rapprochement with its author and led to the creation of the first literary circle of romantics, which, in addition to Hugo and Nodier, included Sume, J. Resignier, A. de Vigny, Em. Deschamps, Sainte-Beuve, A. de Musset, who organized the magazine "La muse française". The following year, Hugo published his second volume of poems "New Odes" (Les odes nouvelles, 1824). In 1827, Hugo wrote the drama "Cromwell". In 1830, Hugo published in the liberal "Le Globe" the anthem of the revolution - the ode "Young France". Staged in the following seasons "Marion de Lorme" (1831) and "The King Amuses himself" (1832) were the statement of the same principles as "Hernani", but their success was no longer literary, but clearly political, just like the following productions of Lucrezia Borgia, Maria Tudor, 1833 and Ruy Blaz, 1838); Hugo was already extremely popular then. Theatrical years From 1830 to 1843, Victor Hugo worked almost exclusively for the theater, however, at this time he published several collections of poetry: "Autumn Leaves" 1831, "Songs of Twilight", 1835, "Inner Voices 1837," Rays and Shadows »1840 Already in 1828 he staged his early play Amy Robsart. 1829 is the year of the creation of the play "Hernani" (first staged in 1830), which became the occasion of literary battles between representatives of the old and new art. Marion Delorme, banned in 1829, was staged at the Théâtre Saint-Martin; "The King Amuses" - in "Comedie Francaise" in 1832 (removed from the repertoire and banned immediately after the premiere, resumed only 50 years later); this play was also banned. Trouble at the premiere of "Ernani" The presentation was prepared by Murzina Yekaterina, 1st year undergraduate student in the field of Foreign Language (English). Foreign language (French). " School of Pedagogy FEFU.