Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich is one of the negative characters of this work. In the novel, he represents the image of a young officer from a fairly wealthy family of a noble family. As an officer, he was demoted to the Belgorod Fortress, due to the murder of his comrade.

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich did not differ in sufficiently beautiful facial features, but there were notes of liveliness in him. He also did not differ in height and, moreover, suffered from excessive thinness.

Of personal qualities, Shvabrin had a fairly good mind, quick wit and wit. Its dialogues are filled with poignant and engaging topics that further entice the reader. But since he was a negative character, Shvabrin was endowed with such qualities as slander and fiction. So, for example, he described Maria Mironova as an absolute fool, but she really was a very smart and good-natured girl.

In many scenes, he retained his importance and a very pompous appearance. He constantly made inappropriate and rude jokes that were alien to his surroundings. Shvabrin liked to constantly laugh at someone and got great pleasure from it. This man had nothing sacred. He completely refused to believe in God, and therefore he did not care that he was counted among the murderers.

A deceitful, impudent, moreover, also a vile man, who betrayed his army and then calmly transferred to the detachments of the impostor Pugachev. After that, Shvabrin received the post of chief of the Belgorod fortress in the Pugachev detachment. And taking advantage of his position, he abducts Masha and restrains her by force, thus trying to get her favor. But as a result, there is justice in everything and Shvabrin is arrested for committing treason.

Sochenie Image and characteristics of Shvabrin

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is a secondary and negative character in the story "The Captain's Daughter". This is a young, educated officer from a wealthy family. He was not tall, his face was dark and ugly. He knew French and was skilled with a sword.

He once served in the guard. There he stabbed one lieutenant with a sword and was sent to serve in the remote Belogorsk fortress.

In the fortress Shvabrin meets Pyotr Grinev, who has arrived for service. At first, he seems to be a very friendly and witty person with whom it is interesting and fun to spend time.

But, in the future, the hero is revealed from the other side. He was in love with the daughter of Captain Mironov, but she did not reciprocate. Being a vindictive, cowardly and vile person, he began to spread bad rumors about her and her family.

He quarrels with Peter Grinev because of jealousy of Masha Mironova and wants to fight him in a duel. During the fight, he stabs in the back, for a moment, the opponent turned away. He writes a false letter to Grinev's father, after which Peter's mother falls ill.

Alexey Shvabrin is a dishonest and shameless person. During the attack of the Pugachev gang on the fortress, he betrays his own and immediately goes over to the side of the villains. Then the impostor Pugachev appoints him commandant of the fortress. His appearance changes, he becomes important, dresses in Cossacks and grows a beard.

He takes advantage of his new position and forcibly restrains the captain's daughter Masha. He treats her badly, keeps her locked up, humiliates and starves her in every possible way. But all his attempts to force Masha Mironova to become his wife are in vain.

At the end of the story, Alexei Shvabrin is arrested. He looks thin and emaciated, his face turns pale, and his once black hair turns gray. Out of his overwhelming impotence and anger, he tries to annoy his rival Pyotr Grinev. Shvabrin gives false testimony about him. He assures that Grinev joined the ranks of Pugachev and is a traitor to his homeland. He manifests himself as a vile, hypocritical and deceitful person.

Shvabrin's character does not evoke any respect and compassion.

Option 3

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich is a minor hero, an aristocrat, a nobleman who, for one reason or another, ended up in the Belgorod fortress. He is a young officer of average height. He is well educated, knows how to talk. There is always a joke and sharpness in his speech. Once upon a time, he was in love with Masha Mironova, the only daughter of the head of the fortress, but was refused, which he was not particularly happy with. He has been serving in the Belgorod Fortress for the fifth year.

After Masha Mironova's refusal, Shvabrin begins to spread dirty rumors about her in the fortress and beyond. Given this circumstance, it is safe to say that this is not a very honest person.

His cunning, deceitfulness is proved by the fact that he took advantage of the fact that during the duel, Grinev was distracted by Savelich, namely Alexei Ivanovich shot him. Then Shvabrin writes a letter about the duel to Grinev's father, knowing that this could aggravate Grinev Jr.'s position.

At the time of the capture of the Belgorod fortress, seeing that Pugachev and his associates are winning. Shvabrin, without thinking about anything, goes over to the side of the barbarian and the robber. In the service of Pugachev, Grinev continues to lie and perform all sorts of tricks and meanness. Having learned that Masha Mironova is alone in the fortress and no one can protect her, he decided to use his power. He rudely solicits the daughter of the murdered commandant of the fortress, which does not speak of his love for Masha Mironova.

When Shvabrin saw that Grinev was under the protection of Pugachev, he fell at the feet of the sovereign, forgetting about his dignity and honor. He does not honor anyone or anything. He fears only for his own skin, which is worthless. But do not forget that Shvabrin is a nobleman, and to see a nobleman lying on the ground is disgusting.

When Grinev took Maria Ivanovna with him, Shvabrin felt anger and a desire to take revenge on him. He wanted to take revenge not from love for Maria Mironova, but from rivalry and personal vileness and flattery. In the end, Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin is arrested for treason.

When Shvabrin is arrested, he slanders Grinev, although he will know that he did not swear allegiance to Pugachev and did not participate in his acts of robbery.

Making a characterization of the image of Shvabrin, it should be noted that Pushkin introduced this negative hero into the novel not only in order to diversify the plot, but also to remind the reader that in life there are real scoundrels who can ruin the lives of the people around them.

Shvabrin in Pushkin's story

In the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", the main villain and anti-hero is not the robber Pugachev with his henchmen, but a young Russian officer - Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. This is a young man with a foolish disposition, from an aristocratic family, with an inflated opinion of himself and his own actions. This character lacks the concept of honor and duty, because after the seizure of the Belgorod fortress, without hesitation, he sided with the enemy, without even remembering that he had taken the most important oath - to defend his homeland.

True love to Alexei Ivanovich is not familiar. The daughter of the commandant of the fortress, Masha, liked him very much, therefore, in a fit of his feelings, Shvabrin offered her a marriage. The girl refused the young officer, as she felt bad intentions and deception from him. After the refusal, Alexei did not accept and decided that he would take revenge on Maria, calling her names and spreading inappropriate rumors about the life of the poor girl. But Masha steadfastly endured Shvabrin's attacks, while Shvabrin himself became angrier. When the fortress was captured, Alexei Ivanovich managed to get close to Maria, he put her under lock and key, did not give normal food, but only bread and water, hoping thereby to knock out of the exhausted Masha consent to marriage. This act shows that Alexei has no mercy and sympathy, he does not feel sorry for the girl, he thinks only about his own benefit and enrichment.

Shvabrin also did not seek to create a faithful and sincere friendship. His meanness and cowardice hurt people. In a duel with Peter Grinev, Alexey Shvabrin behaved low and dishonestly, he stabbed Pavel in the back when he was distracted. So, by his cowardly and dishonorable act, Shvabrin won a victory over Peter. Alexey also often slandered Grinev, exposing his comrade in a bad light.

Even when the righteous trial of the robbers of Pugachev took place, Shvabrin did not admit his guilt, but only looked for an excuse to escape justice and shift his guilt onto others.

The image of the dishonest, envious and cowardly Shvabrin is very carefully conveyed by the author, thus A.S. Pushkin wanted to show what an officer of the Russian army should not be, and what lies, envy, meanness and cowardice can lead to.

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The story "The Captain's Daughter" can be attributed to one of the summit works of A. Pushkin, performed in prose. More than once, even the author of this work himself said that it was historical, since it was based on peasant uprisings led by Pugachev. The author managed to recreate the atmosphere that was typical for those times. He stunningly portrayed the characters of the main characters and ordinary people who lived at that difficult time.

The work is a kind of narration, which is conducted on behalf of the main character - P. Grinev. He became a witness and participant in all the events described by the author. But the work would be incomplete if it did not find a place for a hero who is the complete opposite of Grinev. We are talking, of course, about Shvabrin. With the help of it, the author managed to make the plot of the story brighter and more exciting. This is probably why the image of Shvabrin and Grinev is considered only together. But in this review, the main antihero of the story should be considered in more detail.

What is hidden in the image of Shvabrin?

The image of Shvabrin demonstrated how petty, selfish and cowardly people can be in their desires. In the story "The Captain's Daughter", Shvabrin has only one thing in common with Grinev - strong feelings for M. Mironova. Under the image of the antihero is an aristocrat who once served in the guard. He got into because of his not very easy character. Namely, after the moment when the lieutenant was killed by him in the next duel.

The author of the story pointed out that there was a moment when Shvabrin was already wooing Masha. But the answer, naturally, was no. That is why one could often hear insults directed at her from him. These impartial expressions became the reason for the duel between him and Grinev. But the image of Shvabrin in the story "The Captain's Daughter" is not endowed with such a quality as honesty. At that moment, when Grinev turned away at the shout of the servant, Shvabrin managed to seriously injure him.

Among the shortcomings that the anti-hero of the story was endowed with, the absence of such concepts as honor and official duty stands out especially well. At that moment, when the fortress fell under the onslaught of Pugachev, Shvabrin, without thinking twice, goes over to his side, while receiving the position of one of the commanders. The reason for the transition to the rebellious side was hatred of Grinev and the desire for Masha to become his wife.

The author's attitude to the image that was revealed in the person of Shvabrin

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin, deprived of any moral foundations, is shown in the story as a guards officer corrupted by intrigues and conspiracies, court morals. He quite strongly despised domestic reality and even spoke exclusively in French. But Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin did not deprive the image of Shvabrin in the story "The Captain's Daughter" with positive qualities. The author endowed him with a sharp mind, resourcefulness and good education.

On the part of the author, a negative attitude is manifested towards this hero. If you look at his assessment, then we can say with great accuracy that it is quite negative. This can be seen at least in the fact that in the story he is mentioned only by his last name. Also, in some parts of the work, only the initials of this antihero are indicated.

What did Shvabrina end up with as a result of his meanness?

And what happens in the end? Pugachev, to whom Grinev told that Shvabrin was holding Masha by force, became angry. The image of Shvabrin in the story "The Captain's Daughter" became an excellent demonstration of what can happen to a person if he forgets about honor, courage and courage. But you cannot say that this teaches something. When Shvabrin got into the government troops, he singled out Peter among the traitors. He did this primarily in order to remove suspicion from himself. Naturally, Grinev was able to get out of a difficult situation without losing his honor and officer courage.

The fate of Shvabrin remained a mystery, since A.S. Pushkin did not write anything definite about this. But most likely, he was simply executed. And such a punishment cannot be called unjust.

What did A.S. Pushkin try to show readers with the help of Shvabrin's image?

Probably, the author tried to show that people should not be condemned for their actions, using for these purposes the image of Shvabrin in the story "The Captain's Daughter". Better to feel sorry for them and sympathize with them. Shvabrin can be attributed to those people who cannot get rid of their fears. He sees nothing except that which is directly related to him. It was not even his aristocratic origin that made him so, but the absence of any spiritual qualities.

Unfortunately, there are a lot of people like Shvabrin around. They harm other people who, at least in some way, resemble characters such as Grinev and Masha. But, as in the story of A.S. Pushkin, all their atrocities always act against their masters. This is precisely the misfortune of such people. So, fear can only give rise to hypocrisy and lies, which, in turn, lead to failure.

What is hidden in the image of Shvabrin?

But the image of Shvabrin was created for a reason. With his help, the author showed that meanness can only lead to failure and failure. Almost every act we do leads to a certain result. So it is necessary to summarize the following: once forgetting about your honor, you can doom yourself to further failures.

The demoted officer Shvabrin Aleksey Ivanovich appears, as the captain introduced him to Grinev.

Pushkin gives a portrait of Shvabrin in one line: “The officer is not tall, with a dark complexion and superbly ugly, but extremely lively,” - this is how the author describes his appearance. But his inner qualities are much more important.

He is smart, educated, but for him honor and decency are forgotten concepts. This man is not worthy of being a Russian officer.

Shvabrin has no idea what it means to love. Therefore, despite the lack of suitors, she was not seduced by his courtship and refused to marry. Deep down she felt his deep dishonesty. And how did Shvabrin repay her for her refusal? He tried in every possible way to discredit her in the eyes of others. And he did it "behind the eyes" when neither the Mironovs, nor Maria herself could hear him. And no matter what motives he was guided by - the desire to avenge his refusal, or to fence off potential suitors from Masha, the very fact of such a denigration of the girl speaks of the baseness of the Shvabrin soul. However, this man blasphemed not only Masha. He, like a village woman, gossiped about the captain and other inhabitants of the fortress, without experiencing the slightest remorse.

The next episode, revealing the image of Shvabrin not from the best side, is a quarrel with and the subsequent one. Petr Andreevich wrote a song. In fact, it was light, poetic pampering, which he wanted to boast of before Shvabrin in his youth. A more experienced retired officer ridiculed the young poet and once again slandered Masha, reproaching her for venality. The young man, who had managed to get to know the daughter of Captain Mironov better during his service in the fortress, flared up and called Shvabrin a liar and a scoundrel. To which Shvabrin demanded satisfaction. A boy stood in front of the tried-and-true duelist, and Shvabrin was sure that he would easily deal with him. He knew perfectly well that duels among the nobles were forbidden, but he was little worried about this, he was sure that with the help of deception and slander he would easily get out of the situation. If an experienced fighter and swordsman were in front of him, Shvabrin would probably swallow the offense and take revenge on the sly. Which, however, he will do afterwards anyway.

But the lessons of the French tutor, as it turned out, were not in vain for Grinev, and the "boy" was quite decent with a sword. The wound that Shvabrin inflicted on Grinev was inflicted at the moment when Savelich called out to his master, and thereby distracted him. Shvabrin vilely took advantage of the moment.

While Pyotr Andreevich lay in a fever, the enemy scribbled an anonymous letter to his father, in the secret hope that the old warrior would connect all his connections and transfer his beloved child from the fortress.

What do you see in this episode with a duel, denunciation, slander, a blow delivered when the opponent turned away. All these traits are inherent in people with a low soul. To this can be added unbelief in God. In Russia, Christianity, faith has always been a stronghold of morality and ethics.

Shvabrin fully showed all his baseness during the capture of the fortress by robbers. In the face of this soldier, the reader does not see a brave warrior. He was one of the first officers to take the oath. Using his "power" and permissiveness, as well as Masha's defenselessness, he tried to persuade her to marry. But he didn't need Masha. He was simply furious that she had rejected him, and she had a nice conversation with Grinev before dinner, loved with all her heart. His goal was to destroy the happiness of Grinev and Masha, to prevail over the one that rejected him. There is no place for love in Shvabrin's heart. Betrayal, hatred, denunciation live in him.

When Shvabrin was arrested for his relationship with Pugachev, he also slandered Grinev, although he knew perfectly well that the young man did not swear allegiance to the robber, and was not his secret agent.

Grinev was threatened by Siberia, and only the courage of Masha, who was not afraid to go to Petersburg to the empress, saved the young man from hard labor. The scoundrel bore the punishment he deserved.

Making a brief description of the image of Shvabrin, it should be noted that Pushkin introduced this negative character into The Captain's Daughter not only in order to diversify the plot, but also to remind the reader that, unfortunately, there are real scoundrels in life who can poison the lives of the people around them. ...

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Without the image of Shvabrin, Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter would be devoid of confidence in the triumph of justice. It is thanks to this hero that we can fully appreciate the nobility of Grinev and the truth of Masha's love.

Origin and occupation of Shvabrin

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is a man of aristocratic origin. His family was wealthy and influential in aristocratic circles.

Alexey Ivanovich, like all nobles, received a good education, he knew several foreign languages ​​and was distinguished by an outstanding mind.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

Like most young people, Shvabrin chose a military career. Alexey Ivanovich began his military path in the elite troops - in the guard. At first, his service was not difficult, but the recklessness of Alexei Ivanovich ruined everything.

Despite the ban on dueling, Shvabrin still defies the official ban. The duel ended quite successfully for him, which cannot be said about his opponent, the lieutenant. The resulting wound led to his death. The fact of the duel became known and Shvabrin, as a punishment, was sent to the Belogorodskaya fortress, where he served for about five years: “God knows what sin led him to; He, if you please, went out of town with a lieutenant, but they took swords with them, and besides, they were stabbing at each other; and Aleksey Ivanovich stabbed the lieutenant, and even with two witnesses. "

Shvabrin's appearance

Alexey Ivanovich did not have a pleasant appearance - he was not tall, his face was absolutely ugly, it was difficult to distinguish at least any pleasant facial features, his face was distinguished by mimic liveliness, which was even more repulsive. His skin was dark in color, matching his hair. Hair was perhaps one of the few things that were attractive about Shvabrin - it was deep black and beautifully framed his face.

After the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, Shvabrin's appearance changed significantly - he changed his usual suit for Cossack clothes, let go of his beard.

The arrest by the official authorities also affected his appearance - his once beautiful hair turned gray, and his beard went off and lost its attractiveness. “He was terribly thin and pale. His hair, recently jet black, had completely turned gray; the long beard was disheveled. "

In general, his appearance corresponded to a person awaiting a sentence - he was depressed and discouraged.

Characteristics of personal qualities

Alexey Ivanovich possessed an extremely hot-tempered character, which repeatedly became the cause of his misfortunes. Intemperance in relation to the lieutenant deprived him of the opportunity to carelessly serve in the elite troops. Hot temper in relation to Grinev became the reason for the transition to the side of the rebels and, as a result, hard labor.

In general, Shvabrin is not a stupid person, he is endowed with quick-wittedness and ingenuity, but in moments of emotional instability his mental abilities recede into the background - emotions decide everything. “Shvabrin was not very stupid. His conversation was sharp and entertaining. "

Alexey Ivanovich is a dishonest person. His habits include deceiving people and slandering. Sometimes he does it out of boredom, sometimes to get some personal benefit.

One way or another, this repels others from Shvabrin - no one wants to communicate with a daring and insidious person.

Shvabrin and Grinev

Grinev's appearance in the fortress brought some excitement to her sleepy and boring life. There were not so many employees here, so there were no problems with choosing a company for a pastime. Grinev says about Shvabrin: “I really didn’t like his usual jokes about the commandant’s family, especially his sharp remarks about Marya Ivanovna. There was no other society in the fortress, but I did not want another ”. The noble and kind Grinev managed to win over everyone in the fortress, in particular the commandant's daughter, Masha. Eaten up by jealousy, Shvabrin also challenges the young opponent to a duel. Shvabrin was practically convinced of his victory - he believed that a man of such an age as Grinev could not possess exceptional fencing skills, but it turned out to be the other way around - an accident decided the course of the fight -

Not getting rid of the enemy in a duel, Shvabrin resorts to deceit. He writes an anonymous letter to Grinev's father about the events that have taken place. Alexey Ivanovich expects that the angry father will take his son from the fortress and the path to his beloved Masha will again be free, but this does not happen. Shvabrin had to lie low and wait for a better opportunity.

After some time, such an opportunity arose - after the arrests of the participants in the uprising, to whom Aleksey Ivanovich belonged, legal proceedings began. It is here that Shvabrin recalls his long-standing grudge against Grinev and ascribes to him playing on two fronts. However, this time Shvabrin's hopes did not come true: thanks to Masha, Grinev was pardoned by the empress.

Shvabrin and Marya Ivanovna Mironova

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin was by nature an amorous man. Once in the fortress, he immediately noticed a pretty girl - the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. Marya Ivanovna was not distinguished by exceptional beauty, it was unlikely that she could compete with the first beauties, but nevertheless she had pleasant facial features. Over time, Alexey Ivanovich begins to show interest in the girl. It seems to him that if he does not arouse Marya's sympathy, then her parents will convince the girl to reciprocate - the Shvabrin family is provided for, and the Mironovs are dragging out a miserable existence on the verge of poverty.

Most likely, Shvabrin does not feel true love for a girl - for him it is a game, entertainment. Marya realizes this and therefore shuns the dishonest and unattractive person, which causes indignation and irritation in Shvabrin. The appearance in the fortress of Grinev further inflamed relations between Alexei Ivanovich and Maria Ivanovna. Mironova falls in love with a sweet and kind young man, and Shvabrin is unable to rejoice in their mutual feeling, and all the time tries to find a way to defend his ghostly right to the girl's love. Shvabrin's attempts do not lead to anything good: Masha is only more convinced of his dishonesty and hypocrisy.

After the seizure of the fortress by the rebels, Shvabrin locks the girl up and starves her - he hopes that in this way he can break her and get what she wants, but Marya is helped to escape, and Alexei Ivanovich is left with nothing.

Shvabrin and Pugachev

Shvabrin's transition to the side of the rebels seems illogical and absurd. For him, as a representative of the aristocracy, a rich and wealthy person, supporting the rebellion is an absolutely unnecessary and unjustifiably risky business.

The first objective thought that explains such an act is fear for one's life. Pugachev and the rebels are very categorical with people who do not want to serve them, but, as further developments show, Shvabrin was not only guided by the desire to stay alive. Shvabrin disdainfully treated other people's lives, but was in no hurry to part with his own. Seeing how decisively the rebels deal with the disobedient, Shvabrin swears an oath to faithfully serve Pugachev.

He devotedly serves him and his cause - he cuts his hair in the manner of the Cossacks and puts on Cossack clothes. Shvabrin leads himself freely and unrestrainedly in the company of the rebels, he is so accustomed to the role that it is difficult to recognize him as an aristocrat.

It is likely that this behavior of Shvabrin was just a game for the audience - it is unlikely that a person like Alexei Ivanovich truly shared the views and desires of Pugachev.

On our site you can familiarize yourself with the poem "Eugene Onegin" by A. Pushkin.

The image of Shvabrin did not inspire much confidence in Pugachev - Alexei Ivanovich was a traitor who went over to his side. The fact of betrayal should have alerted Pugachev and cast doubt on the sincerity of his intentions, but, in spite of everything, Pugachev makes Shvabrin the new head of the fortress, it is likely that this choice was influenced by Shvabrin's military past.

Thus, the negative image of Shvabrin becomes the background for displaying the actions and characteristics of other characters. A.S. Pushkin, with the help of opposition, achieves a vivid image of the importance of morality and decency. Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin was a dishonest, greedy person all the time and as a result suffered for his quick temper, anger and greed - for his involvement in the activities of the rebels, he was sent to hard labor.

Literary criticism about "The Captain's Daughter"

Reading "The Captain's Daughter", condemning Shvabrin's behavior, the reader - for sure - does not think that this work is unique in its own way in Russian literature. The problem of artistic psychology is one of the most difficult and least studied. This problem arose, in fact, together with literature and, therefore, went through a number of stages in its development. In the 20-30s of the XIX century, Russian literature has already acquired real maturity. First of all, in the work of Pushkin, who thus became the founder of Russian literature. Artistry found its fullest expression in the creation of characters - as the most stable, multifaceted and dynamic psychological structures, embodying the uniqueness of individuality. It was on this basis that the formation of psychologism as one of the leading principles of reflection was completed. This happened in close interaction with romanticism and critical realism. After all, their pathos consisted primarily in the reflection of human individuality, in the assertion of its independence, in the display of its flourishing and, at the same time, the injuries caused by the socio-historical conditions of life.

So, it must be assumed that at least three forms of psychologism existed in Russian literature in the first half of the 19th century. First of all, this is the psychologism that arose when a person in general was considered the subject of literature, and the dogmas of normative poetics still gravitated over writers to one degree or another. However, here the opposition was no longer "high" and "low", but "sensitivity" and "coldness" ...

Pushkin's words in the context of psychologism

The main one was the form of psychologism, which arose with the recognition of the value of human individuality. This contributed to the fact that psychologism finally turned into one of the leading principles of literature (and culture, perhaps), along with humanism. At that time, fundamental changes took place in social psychology in connection with the awakening of self-awareness in society, with the emergence of an analytical approach to the existing way of life. More and more writers of the 1920s and especially the 1930s came to this form of psychologism.

"The Captain's Daughter" is the author's last word. Our writer began his career, when the process of awakening social self-awareness was directly reproduced in literature, and with this - the recognition of the value of individual uniqueness. Thus, “everyday free-thinking” was reflected, according to Yuri Lotman, which was clearly manifested in “riot”, as well as “hussarism”, “epicureanism”, romantic outlook, etc. All these are different manifestations of self-affirmation of the individual. And it is from this point of view that the hero of Pushkin's work interprets such forms of the psyche as "character" and "passion".

Thus, psychologism finally took shape as the principle of reflection in connection with the reproduction of a special state of social psychology: the awakening of the self-consciousness of the individual and the recognition of the value of individual uniqueness. This is how the form that reached its highest development in the works of Pushkin and Gogol arose. Of course, these authors realized this form in different ways, because Pushkin and Gogol adhered to far from identical concepts of humanism and, moreover, dealt with different material of life. With the spread of reflection, in particular skepticism, the transition to a new form of psychologism began, which Lermontov had already discovered. The next step is the psychologism of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy ... And, as we see, everything begins in many respects with Pushkin.

Modern receptions of "The Captain's Daughter" and the image of Shvabrin

Above, we analyzed Shvabrin's image in isolation. However, one cannot but admit the fact that literature is a series of receptions and reincarnations. So, we offer an original look at how the image of Shvabrin migrated into modern literature. In particular, we are talking about the work of Viktor Pelevin. In his novel, Pelevin uses the plot of Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", namely, Grinev's duel with Shvabrin. This duel takes place through a hearty verse to Masha, written by the enamored Grinev and the ridiculed Shvabrin. In Pelevin's "Empire V" the duel actually takes place in verses, different in genre. Mitra writes a sycophantic madrigal, Roma-Rama writes an invective of socio-political sound.

Pushkin and Pelevin carefully describe the rules of the duel as a knightly code of honor ("The Captain's Daughter") and as its verbal imitation ("Empire B"). The duel (the struggle between the heroes for Masha's heart in "The Captain's Daughter") and the dispute over Hera's loyalty (in "Empire B") becomes a pretext for further self-characterization of the heroes. Shvabrin, like Mitra, displays baseness and sycophancy. Grinev, like Roma-Rama, reveals, in turn, historical insight, wisdom, honesty, patriotism. The historical insight of Pelevin's hero continues Pushkin's reflections on the reasons for the Russian national-historical "non-identity", inconsistency with oneself at various stages of social development. For almost two centuries, the hero of the postmodern era, Roma-Rama, continues thoughts about the tragic consequences of the Russian historical chaos, which is based on "violent upheavals". So, the "eternal youth of Russia" is provided by the previous history, torn to the ground.

Thus, the Pushkin intertext in Pelevin's novel acts as a consolidating cultural factor that continues the original Russian literary tradition, creates a dialogue of modernity with the golden time of Russian literature, thereby embodying the saving continuity of eras.

Another emphasis: Shvabrin as a double-minded person

The Pushkin system is a classic system of antitheses, when negative characters correspond to positive characters. Shvabrin, as we have seen from our analysis, embodies the characteristics associated with negative figures. Vileness, dishonesty, a tendency to betrayals and betrayals, insidiousness, cruelty, lack of principle - all this is about Shvabrin.

When the reader first meets this hero, he finds him in the fortress. Shvabrin is serving a sentence "for murder." Of course, negative characters are usually endowed with a powerful mind, wit, attractive appearance, liveliness of character, and entertaining speech. Pushkin collects in the image of Shvabrin all those features that are inherent in typical villains. The reader becomes a witness of the unfolding drama - not jealousy, but the triumph of a sense of ownership. Shvabrin is opposed to Grinev, a positive character. Grinev gets what Shvabrin could not get. That is, the love of a girl. Dissatisfaction - almost in the Freudian sense - pushes Shvabrin to vile acts: denigrating Masha's name (the same girl, as we remember), wounding Grinev in a duel, finally, the recognition of the imposter Pugachev as the sovereign, disguising, betrayal ... Shvabrin captivates Masha, trying to force her to leave marry him. Of course, the story ended happily, and Masha was released from the fortress. However, Pushkin's logic unfolds in the key "offense - punishment", in a literary work justice has triumphed, but in life it would probably have happened differently. Shvabrin, after a series of losses, still tries to console himself with revenge. However, he receives only devastation and a final loss of dignity - as a person.

One of the most "caustic" images of Pushkin's story "" is the image of Alexei Shvabrin. The author, describing this image, depicts it most fully and precisely in such a way that the reader has no opportunity to think of something or add something.

For the first time, the reader meets Alexei Shvabrin during his arrival at the Belogorsk fortress. Pushkin describes Shvabrin as a small man with a dark and lively face. In addition, Aleksey Ivanovich was an educated young man who knew foreign languages, was a free-thinker by nature. He was exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for participating in a duel. It is not surprising that Shvabrin very quickly became friends with Grinev, because they were very similar to each other.

With the development of the plot of the story, Shvabrin opens up to the reader as a completely different person. Now he is a low and pitiful person who achieves his goal by any means.

So, he begins to take revenge, spreading dirty rumors about her, only for the fact that the girl rejected the ego courtship. Grinev, as a true officer, decides to defend the honor of the girl and challenges Shvabrin to a duel. There Shvabrin despicably wounds Grinev, stabbing him in the back at the moment when Savelich called out to the latter. He writes a letter to Grinev's parents that their son, participating in a duel, was seriously wounded. Later, Shvabrin will write a false denunciation of the protagonist about betrayal and cooperation with the rebels.

After the seizure of the Belogorsk fortress by the rebels, Shvabrin goes over to the side of the rebels and becomes the commandant of the fortress. Having taken this step, Alexey Ivanovich hoped to climb the career ladder, he was guided exclusively by selfish motives. And now he does not give up hope of winning Masha Mironova. He locks the girl up, transfers her to bread and water, forces her to marry.

But all Shvabrin's attempts end in failure. Grinev manages to save his beloved and take her out of the fortress. Later, the main character was acquitted, and Shvabrin was exiled to hard labor.

In the image of Shvabrin, he showed his attitude towards such low and inhuman people. He considered their behavior unworthy and one that must be eradicated from our society. Shvabrin chose this path on his own and was punished for it.