Children

Collecting and disassembling a computer. How to disassemble the system unit yourself? How to disassemble the system unit? Manual for beginners

06.03.2022

A computer, as a designer, consists of several boards and devices. If you know the purpose of each of them, you can build your own supercomputer. Assembling the computer, including installing the operating system, can take anywhere from 1 hour to 3 hours if you have all the parts and the necessary software. We will tell you how to quickly and easily cope with this simple task.

Materials and tools:

  • Phillips screwdriver or screwdriver
  • The computer case
  • Motherboard
  • Processor with special hot melt adhesive
  • Sound card (may be built into the motherboard)
  • Video card (may be built into the motherboard)
  • RAM
  • Winchester (HDD)
  • Keyboard
  • Power adapter (pilot)
  • Monitor
  • The minimum required software is an operating system (Windows, Linux...) and often a text editor (Microsoft office, Open office...)

Attention - when assembling the computer, follow the rules for working with electrical appliances, as well as the instructions that come with the parts.

Computer selection:

  • Decide what tasks the computer will perform. The cost of a computer directly depends on the complexity of the functions assigned to it. To work in the World and Excel office applications, an inexpensive office computer is enough for you. You will need a powerful and expensive computer to work with graphics applications and play games.
  • When buying parts for a future computer, check with the seller if certain parts are compatible with each other. All parts, first of all, must be compatible with the computer case and motherboard.

Computer assembly instructions:

1. Prepare a Phillips screwdriver or a screwdriver and free up a platform for assembling the computer.

2. Let's start the assembly from the body. Depending on the housing design, remove the side housing cover or the overall housing cover. At the same time, an empty space of the case will open for you.

3. Lay the computer on its side so that it would be convenient for you to insert the necessary spare parts into it.

4. Open the packaging from the motherboard - this is the largest board from the computer. All devices of your computer are connected to the motherboard and install the motherboard on the inner side of the computer so that the connectors located on the end of the board fit the rear holes of the computer case. And the internal connectors looked inward.

5. Attach the motherboard to the computer case.

6. Remove the processor from the package and carefully - strictly according to the instructions included in the kit, insert it into the motherboard connector. Using a special glue included with the processor - tightly glue the cooler (fan) to the processor

7. Now install the power supply into the computer case.

8. Screw the required number of screws on the outside of the housing.

9. Connect the motherboard power.

10. Insert the hard drive into the case.

11. Connect the hard drive to the motherboard. Two loops - one power loop, and the second for information exchange with the motherboard.

12. Insert from the front of the CD-ROM case.

13. From the inside of the case, connect it to the motherboard. Plug one end of the cable into the CD-Rom slot, and plug the other end into the motherboard.

14. Now you need to connect the power to the CD-Rom

15. Similarly, you can connect other devices to the computer (Floppy drive, another CD-Rom). The number of connected devices is limited by the number of corresponding ports and cables on the computer.

16. In accordance with the instructions, using the wires included in the kit, connect the motherboard with additional connectors (Audio, USB ...)

17. If you have an "external" video card, in front of the corresponding slot, on the computer case, break out the protective insert on the computer case.

18. Insert the motherboard into the special slot

19. If you are going to remove it, do not forget that at the moment of inserting the video card, the board snapped onto the fuse. Therefore, before disconnecting the video card, remove the fuse

20. Similarly, you can connect other devices - in this case, a modem is connected.

21.Insert the RAM board or boards into the appropriate slots on the motherboard. To do this, move the fuses to the sides and carefully insert the board into place. At the same time, be careful, because. The notch in the middle of the RAM should line up with the bulge of the slot on the motherboard. Apply even pressure on the RAM and it will snap into place on the motherboard.

22. Close the computer case.

23. Well, it looks like we have assembled the main part of the computer, now it remains to connect the peripherals and power. To do this, connect external devices to the appropriate ports. These ports are located on the back of your personal computer case.

24. Plug into the green jack - the green plug from your speakers or headphones. If you connect a microphone, you will need to connect it to the pink jack.

25. If you have a local network, then connect the network cable to the appropriate socket

26. Connect the computer to the monitor, to do this, plug a wire with a large blue plug into the computer's special connector. If you have a built-in motherboard on your computer, then you can easily guess where to plug this cord. And if two video cards i.e. one is built-in, and the second is additional, then turn the cord into an additional video card, now it will process graphics.

27. Plug the other end of this wire and the power wire into the monitor.

28. Now connect the power cable to the computer's power supply - its plug is located at the back and at the top of the case. Move the switch from position (0) to position (-), the same may need to be done with the monitor.

29. Plug the computer and monitor power wires into the power adapter

30. On the front of the case, press the large button

32. If an inscription appears on the monitor, then you have successfully assembled your computer!

33. Now you have to install the operating system and other programs necessary for the work.

We disassemble the system unit. Manual for beginners

What do we need:
1) Workplace, preferably more spacious
2) Several screwdrivers, medium size
3) A box for bolts and cogs
4) brush
5) Vacuum cleaner

The system unit is very easy to disassemble!
I did not completely disassemble my block, this photo is not all.
So let's transgress.

1) Remove both side covers from the case, vacuum and put it on the table

2) Unfasten all available connectors.

If you are disassembling the block for the first time, then it is better to write down or sketch in any way convenient for you, take a picture of which ones you unfastened from where.
Pay special attention to the USB connection and the power and reset buttons on the PC!

We unfasten the power connectors from the video card, sound card, hard drive, DVD drive, SATA and IDI cords, fan and motherboard connectors.

Don't rush into the last one.
The standard motherboard power connector has 24 pins in new PSUs (in older power supplies, the connector consisted of 20 pins + 4 additional ones), a special latch, usually located on the left or right edge of the board and looks like this:


In order to remove it, you need to press on the latch and pull the connector with one hand, and hold the motherboard with the other hand. It happens not simply, but without fanaticism. Don't uproot.
The processor power connector has a square shape, four to eight pins, also has a latch and is located near the processor


In order to remove it, you need to press the latch and pull it out. There are almost no difficulties here, only if you have a small processor cooler.

3) Remove PCI devices.
It is important to put all the iron in a safe place, that is, not on a cabinet or in a puddle of water or in a box with children's toys - think about the consequences.
All the boards that are located on the motherboard are bolted to the case, unscrew, remove the boards and vacuum them with a brush.

We collect the bolts in a box.
With a video card, it's a little more complicated.
There is a special fastener on the motherboard, you need to pull it to the side and remove the video card. Ready!


4) Remove the motherboard.

That is nothing complicated!
We unscrew their bolts, as a rule, four - six pieces (throw in a box)
We take the board for the right side and take it out.


So we pass with a brush
Nothing complicated.

5) The power supply is attached to the case with four bolts on the back of the case, and there is also a special holder for the PSU in the motherboard tray.
We unscrew, take out all its wires (so as not to tear it off!) And take out the block from the inside of the case.

6) DVD drive, hard drive, card reader, Floppy drive - all this is bolted on both sides (that's why two case covers were removed), sometimes with plastic fasteners and installed in special baskets.
We unscrew the bolts, the hard drive is removed from the inside of the case, and the drive, card reader and Floppy are pulled out from the outside.
Everything is ready!
Assembling the system unit is also quite simple! All actions are just the opposite.

1) We put the motherboard into the case on the left side, since on the left side of the board the connectors must be combined with the so-called "Mirror" - a plug for these same connectors, inserted into the case, serves for protection and beauty, probably.
Combined.

When you took the board out of the case, you noticed that the board is screwed to special bolts or ledges in the pallet.
We combine the mounting holes of the board with these bolts and fasten the board.
First, we twist not completely so that the board falls into place, then we twist it completely starting from the middle and ending in the corners.

2) We install the power supply and fasten it to the case, connect the power connectors of the processor and the motherboard. Pay attention to the 24-pin connector, it can be collapsible 20 + 4 and sometimes an additional fourth is removed, so do not confuse it during assembly and check the connector with the socket on the motherboard for accuracy!

4) We connect the connectors of the power buttons, reboot and HDD indicators, as well as USB. How to do it right? See your notes when parsing or the instructions from the motherboard.

5) Install PCI devices.
Everything is in reverse order.
We insert the board into the connector and press it, but pay attention to the metal mounting plates that were screwed to the case during dismantling. At the place of installation of each of the boards in the PC case, there are recesses (at the junction of the motherboard tray and the back wall of the case). Align metal plates and recesses, then all the boards will fall into place!
It looks like everything is ready. Good luck everyone!

For disassembly of the system unit computer, first of all, you need to de-energize the power supply, disconnect all external cables and move the system unit case to a lighted and convenient place for work.

Assembly of the system unit PC is carried out in the reverse order according to the same scheme.

Proper shutdown of the biting block. Click on the circle

Disconnect all external cables

For disassembly of the system unit computer, you need to open the computer case. It is not always immediately clear how to remove the cover of the computer system unit case. Over the years, we are still sometimes puzzled. Manufacturers use an endless variety of ways to attach the body cover to the chassis. What one person has collected, another can take apart. Sometimes it takes persistence. Fortunately, most cases are usually very easy to open.

Loosen the cover screws

Removing the cover of the computer system unit

Standard kit when assembling or disassembling a computer

A standard PC system unit consists of a case, a power supply, a motherboard, a processor, a cooler, one or more memory sticks, a CD or DVD optical drive, a hard drive, and a video card. Additionally, the computer system unit may include various expansion boards, incl. modem, sound card, network card, TV tuner, FM tuner and more. Also, in addition, the system unit may include various data storage devices, incl. disk drive and more.

Photo of the computer system unit in the open state

The procedure for disassembling the computer system unit may be different.

An approximate order (sequence) of disassembling the system unit of a computer (PC)

disassembly sequence of the system unit computer:

  • Disconnect all cables.
  • Remove all PC expansion boards, including the graphics card.
  • Remove all memory sticks.
  • Remove the motherboard assembly with cooler and processor.
  • Remove storage media.
  • Remove power supply.

General form disassembled system unit computer with power supply installed

The assembly sequence of the computer system unit is performed in the following order

It is advisable to follow the following assembly sequence of the system unit computer:

  • Installation of data drives.
  • Installing the motherboard assembly with the processor, cooler and memory bar.
  • Connecting cables for switches and front panel indicators.
  • Connecting drive data cables.
  • Installing the power supply.
  • Connecting the power connector of the PC motherboard.
  • Connecting the power connector of disk drives.
  • Installing an expansion board, including a video card.
  • Validation system block assembly computer and all components in general.
  • Closing the cover of the computer system unit.
  • Connection of all external cables.
  • Turning on the system unit of the computer and checking its performance.

Every computer user at least once saw what the system unit looks like from the inside. But not everyone knows what exactly is under the cover, why all these details are needed and how to disassemble the system unit, if necessary, keeping all spare parts and tools safe and sound.

The main thing to remember before disassembling the system unit is that it is not enough just to turn off the computer, because the standby voltage of 5 volts can be quite noticeable to a person. Therefore, a prerequisite for disassembling any computer equipment must be the power cord unplugged from the outlet.

We begin to disassemble the switched off system unit by opening its side wall. For different computer manufacturers, the wall mount can be very different - from ordinary screws to locks with keys. In the case when the fasteners look like latches, locks, latches, toggle switches and other opening mechanisms, it is enough just to open them all and remove the wall. If you have to apply sufficient physical effort, this may mean that not all the toggle switches and latches were open.

If the system unit is fastened with ordinary screws, carefully unscrew them with a suitable screwdriver and easily remove the side cover.

Having opened the cover of the system unit, the first thing that will catch your eye is a large board that will be attached to the opposite wall.

This is the motherboard, which is the most important part of the computer. A processor is attached to it (it is considered the “brain” of a computer), a video card (you can use it to watch videos and movies), RAM (which sets the speed of the computer) and various tires from other parts.

The processor is closer to the center, under the fan. And next to it, one or more small boards will be attached to special slots - this is RAM. At the top of the case, as a rule, there is a power supply unit, from which a significant number of wires come out.

When disassembling a computer, you do not need to apply force so as not to damage any of the parts. Therefore, we perform all actions very carefully. First, turn off the power supply and pull out all the connectors from all possible devices. Then we unscrew the screws that secure the power supply to the case and carefully remove it. Now you can remove the video card and RAM - it will be easy to pull them out by clicking on the special fasteners on both sides.

Before pulling out the processor, you need to remove the fan and heatsink. By pressing a special handle, it will be easy to pull the processor out of its seat. If you plan to further assemble the computer, be sure to remember the position of the processor relative to this knob.

Drives and hard drives are removed last. To do this, you need to disconnect all the buses leading to the motherboard, and unscrew all the screws and screws that secure the parts to the system unit case. It is very important to pull out all the fasteners so that they do not get lost and do not harm the operation of the computer after it is assembled.

The assembly of the system unit is carried out in the reverse order. It is very important to follow the order of the actions taken so as not to confuse anything, because every small detail can play a very important role in the operation of a computer.

Important! When should you not disassemble the system unit? Suppose you buy a fully assembled computer in a store, then in this case a 1-2 year warranty applies to it and all its components, and the system unit itself is sealed. Therefore, by disassembling and tearing the seals, you automatically lose the warranty.

1.2. Assembly and disassembly procedure

A few basic rules. things you need to know and remember:

but.) If you started working with a computer brought from the street, stop all activities and let it naturally (within 2 hours) brought equipment to dial the temperature of the surrounding air.

b.) If the case or other parts of the system unit are wet, it is forbidden to turn on the equipment in the network until it dries completely.

in.) Before removing the cover, or other means of protecting the case, make sure that all mains switches and mains wires are turned off and disconnected from the disassembled equipment.

G.) Be aware that after your actions aimed at repairing, upgrading, testing your system, you may lose all the data you have accumulated, and if you are not confident in yourself, then save all the information you need before your actions.

e.) Find a convenient way to remember your settings BIOS , jumpers, micro-switches - these are useful to you.

Quite often, when repairing a computer, specialists, disassembling and assembling the system, do something mechanically, but forget to do something. As you can easily see from the first part of this chapter, computer designs are not all that complicated, but careless or irresponsible repairs can do more harm than good. Losing any part or damaging something in the process of work is a sure way to lose a client or a job. (and in exceptional cases, you may also be held liable) . Below are recommendations, the purpose of which is to help you repair computers faster and better.

1.2.1 Data value

Practice shows that the value of data stored on customer hard drives usually exceeds the cost of the hardware itself. If your customer is a business or corporate customer, their computer may contain financial, technical, reference, design, or organizational data vital to their business. Therefore, you should make every effort to protect yourself from possible troubles associated with the loss of information stored on your computer. Even if the drive turns out to be defective, the customer may hold you responsible for the impossibility of recovering the valuable information recorded on the disc. Start with agreement (written or oral) repair conditions. When negotiating these conditions, pay attention to the following points (their list can be expanded) .

Always be advised to regularly back up data stored on hard drives. Before offering to bring the computer to your workshop, recommend that you perform a full backup of your data, if possible.

Please check your backups regularly. They will be useless if data cannot be recovered from them.

1.2.2 Removing the system unit cover

Most tower and landscape cabinets consist of a metal chassis covered with a painted cover that is attached to the chassis with a few screws. Cases with a horizontal layout usually have nine of them - two on each side of the cover and five on the back of the case. There are also deviations from this scheme. The fastening screws can be screwed in, for example, not from the side surfaces of the cover, but from below. The number of screws on the back of the case may also vary. On the front side of the case, covered with a plastic decorative false panel, the cover fastening screws are very rare, as this spoils the appearance of the system unit.

The covers of vertical cases are usually fastened differently. There are four to nine mounting screws - and they are all located on the back of the case. The top and bottom edges of the cover, when properly installed, fold inward and fit into and lock into grooves on the chassis and front panel. This minimizes the number of mounting screws. If guide grooves are not provided in the housing design, then the cover can be fastened with additional screws located along its lower and front edges. As a rule, manufacturers strive to minimize the number of visible fastening screws so as not tospoil the appearance of the case - it is for this reason that everyone tries to place them on the back of the case.

When unscrewing screws and removing other fasteners, pay attention to the following. First, try not to scratch the painted metal cover. Customers are very sensitive about the money they spend, and a scratch or dent on the cover for them is tantamount to a dented bumper of a new one. ”Mercedes” . After removing the cover, store it in a safe place where you cannot, for example, accidentally sit on it. Secondly, lay out the fastening screws in a certain order and in a safe place. The advice to lay out every little thing in the cells of egg cartons is as old as the world - but still relevant to this day. Naturally, you can also use more modern receptacles: plastic bags or a cash register with drawers.

The main thing is to store fasteners away from the workplace. (of course, if you enjoy picking them up off the floor, then that's a different matter) , watch where you remove the screws from and arrange them in groups. This will help you put each screw back into place later. Since in most cases the covers are fastened with screws of the same diameter and length, this advice is not so relevant at the current disassembly stage. But when dismantling other subsystems, fixing the sequence of actions and arranging the dismantled parts becomes one of the most important conditions for successful work.

Be careful when removing the cover from the chassis. Metal racks and stiffeners welded to it can catch on flat cables and other connecting wires. As a result, not only the cables themselves can be damaged, but also the devices to which they are connected. The rule in this case is simple: do not make any effort, if you feel that something is bothering you, stop and find out the reason . It is much easier to eliminate interference than to replace a damaged cable.

1.2.3 Installing the system unit cover

After completing the upgrade or repair of the computer, you must close the system unit. Before replacing the cover, make sure that all components and subsystems of the computer are mounted correctly and secured in place, and that nothing extra is left inside the case. The effort and time spent on sorting the components in the process of disassembling the system will more than pay off at this stage of work. Be sure to connect all power cables and signal cables. Each connector must be fully inserted and in the correct orientation. Lay the signal cables carefully. A tangle of wires in the system unit can cause many troubles. In particular, during the assembly process or the next time you disassemble the system, you or your colleague can damage any cable sticking out to the side, for example, by hooking it with a cover. In addition, if the signal cables are not properly positioned, mutual interference may occur between them. (interference) , which will cause some operations to become unstable. Don't forget to check if everyone is connected "minor" cables (drive audio cable CD - ROM , two-wire cords from the system board to the speaker head, key lock, etc.) .

After assembling the computer, without putting on the cover yet, turn it on and perform the final diagnostics and system check. If the computer is working properly, replace the cover (without damaging wires and cables) and secure it with a complete set of mounting screws.

In the process of repairing, upgrading or assembling a new computer, a lot of manual work has to be done inside the case of the system unit. Unfortunately, we learn about the existence of many problems only after they arise, and some of them we create ourselves. The following recommendations will enrich your technical experience and help you minimize the chance of abnormal situations occurring. Beware of sharp edges on metal covers, slats, and other structural elements of the hull and chassis. Case manufacturers often seek to save on deburring and edge processing operations. Make sure the chassis is rigid. Unfortunately, they are all different in this respect. Some stand like a house, others warp at the slightest pressure. If possible, try to strengthen the flimsy structure (without locksmith skills, you, unfortunately, can only tighten the mounting screws) . Check the ventilation holes in the case and the condition of the fans and make sure that the air circulation inside the system unit is normal. Clean the fan blades and guards, as well as the air inlet and outlet filters, of dust. All fans in the unit should be running.

Clean the inside of the system unit from dust. Dust is a heat insulator and has electrical conductivity. If printed circuit board components are covered with dust, their normal heat exchange with the environment is disrupted, they overheat, and electrical leaks and even short circuits between conductors can occur on the boards themselves and in connectors.

Approach responsibly to the choice of a new chassis. Chassis replacement (or building a new computer) - work, of course, interesting, but it takes a lot of time. Therefore, consider in advance the prospects for system expansion and choose a case with the appropriate number of drive bays and openings for expansion slots, a sufficiently powerful power supply and the necessary number of connectors for supplying power to drives.

Use standard cases, power supplies, and motherboards. New computers are almost never assembled in old cases like AT (full size and Baby - AT ) . To date, ATX constructs and NLX , size standardization ensures that motherboards, power supplies, and cases fit together.

Install drives securely. All of them (located in both internal and external compartments) must be secured with at least four screws. With fewer screws, drives may experience vibration during operation, which will shorten their life. Make sure that all fixing screws are fully screwed in. At the same time, they cannot be dragged, because this can lead to deformation of the internal frame of the drive and to its premature failure.

Be careful when mounting the system board. In no case should it be bent during intermediate manipulations or during the final installation in place: its surface must be completely flat, without deformation. Be careful not to let metal edges, standoffs, or other chassis structure touch the system board.

Check the connection and routing of all cables inside the system unit. Their connectors must be connected to the mating parts tightly and without distortion. Cables (especially flat ones) should, if possible, be routed so as not to interfere with the air circulation in the housing.

Examine expansion boards. Every time you open the system unit, check the quality of their installation. The adapters must be inserted into the expansion slot connectors straight and all the way. Quite often, when manipulating external cables, expansion cards slide out of the connectors and warp. This can lead to a loss of system performance, and sometimes to its failure. For this reason, each expansion card bracket must be securely screwed into the chassis.

Make sure that each memory module type SIMM or DIMM fully inserted into its socket and securely fastened (this check should be made, first of all, after replacing them) . Check if the heatsink is firmly pressed against the processor case and works, or if, when the power is turned on, the cooling fan mounted on it. Myself the processor must also be securely inserted into its socket.