15.08.2018 08:00

Ukrinform

Today is Archaeologist's Day in Ukraine.

Archaeologist's Day is celebrated in Ukraine according to the Decree of the President of August 6, 2008, annually on this day. Ukraine has a unique historical heritage, among which archeological monuments occupy a special place. After all, it is they who can tell about the life and traditions of our ancestors, which, of course, contributes to the self-identification of the nation and ensures sustainable social development of the current and future generations. Ukrainian land, according to scientists in the field of archeology, is one of the richest archaeological sites among European countries. Today, almost one and a half thousand cities and towns and more than 8 thousand villages in Ukraine have valuable objects of cultural and historical heritage. More than 140,000 monuments are on the state register alone, of which almost 49.8% are archeological monuments. Now archaeological research in our state is carried out by the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Department of Archeology of the Institute of Social Sciences in Lviv, the Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Archaeological Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv), the Odessa Archaeological Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, as well as research teams of universities, pedagogical institutes, museums of the Ministry culture of Ukraine. During the years of independence, our country has managed to create a certain legal framework for the protection of the archaeological heritage. Thus, the laws of Ukraine "On the Protection of Cultural Heritage" and "On the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage" were adopted. According to the current legislation, archaeological monuments, including those located under water, including movable objects associated with them, regardless of the form of ownership of the territory or water body on which they are located, are state property.

Events of the day:

36 9 years ago (1649) Ukrainian troops under the command of Bogdan Khmelnitsky and with the support of the Tatars defeated the Polish army near Zborov (now Ternopil region). The royal army, commanded by Jan II Casimir himself, was in a catastrophic situation. In this situation, the Polish king entered into secret negotiations with the Crimean Khan Islam Giray III, promising the Tatars a large monetary reward, permission to capture and plunder Ukrainian lands on the way to Crimea. Khan, not being interested in the victory of the Ukrainian army and the strengthening of Ukraine, demanded that Khmelnitsky stop the fight. Unable to simultaneously fight against the Poles and Tatars, the hetman, under pressure from the khan, was forced (despite a brilliant victory) to start negotiations and conclude the Zboriv Treaty, which was not very beneficial for Ukraine (August 18, 1649). The Zboriv Treaty formally recognized the Cossack administration of the southeastern territories of the Commonwealth, but did not satisfy the needs of the Ukrainian peasants who fought alongside the Cossacks. As it turned out later, the local Polish gentry and the Roman Catholic clergy, who, as a result of the agreement, were losing their influence and property in Ukraine, were not going to fulfill its conditions.

On this day, 100 years ago 1918 ), founded in Kyiv National Library Ukrainian state. Now - the National Library of Ukraine. IN AND. Vernadsky, the very library of Ukraine. It is one of the ten largest libraries in the world. The volume of funds - more than 15.5 million storage units. The library is full in the state collection of monuments of Slavic writing and handwritten books, archives and book collections of prominent figures of Ukrainian and world science and culture. Every year, the funds receive 130-140 thousand documents (books, magazines, newspapers, etc.). The library is completed with all Ukrainian publications, receives a copy of dissertations that are defended on the territory of Ukraine, conducts international book exchange with more than 680 thousand partners from 70 countries of the world. The Library's resources are annually used by about 370,000 readers, who receive up to 1.5 million documents annually. About 1,000 researchers, specialists, graduate students and students visit the Library every day. The institution employs about 900 employees, of which 65% are librarians, 20% scientific and 15% auxiliary.

Anniversaries of the day:

On this day 1819 was born Grigory Pavlovich Galagan (1819-1888), a well-known Ukrainian public figure. He came from an old Cossack family in the Chigirin region. He owned large estates in the Poltava and Chernihiv regions. He was personally acquainted and corresponded with Shevchenko, Maksimovich, Kulish, Antonovich. Opened in with. Sokyrintsy, the first peasant-loan savings bank in Ukraine, created a museum of Ukrainian folk life. In 1871 he founded a private educational institution in Kyiv - Pavel Galagan's College. On the initiative and financial assistance of Grigory Galagan, a gymnasium was opened in Priluki, vocational schools in the Ichnyansky and Prilutsky districts, a number of public schools. In 1873-1875 Galagan headed the Southwestern Department of the Russian Geographical Society. Financially supported Ukrainian publications, took care of the development of Ukrainian architecture, choral art and theater. During their lifetime, Grigory Galagan and his wife Ekaterina Vasilievna Kochubey spent 1 million 120 thousand rubles on the construction and maintenance of the Collegium of Pavel Galagan.

1 90 years since birth Stepan Ivanovich Ponomarev (1828-1913), a well-known domestic bibliographer, bibliologist and literary critic. Graduated from Kyiv University. Combined pedagogical and scientific bibliographic activities. He worked in Poltava, from 1872 - in Konotop. He founded literary calendars in the publications of A.S. Suvorin; was the author or co-author of bibliographic indexes of the works of Ukrainian and Russian scientists and writers, compiler of local history indexes, including about Kiev and the Dnieper, as well as a bibliographic dictionary of Ukrainian writers - natives of Kiev, Poltava, Chernihiv and Volyn provinces. The scientist prepared and published bibliographic essays on prominent church figures, in particular, Archimandrite Philaret of Chernigov, Metropolitan E. Bolkhovitinov of Kyiv, and others. Compiled a dictionary of pseudonyms. S.I. Ponomarev collaborated with more than 50 periodicals, in particular: Domestic Notes, Kievskaya Starina, Kievlyanin, Sovremennik, was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a member of the Society of Nestor the Chronicler. The scientist maintained friendly relations and correspondence with I.S. Aksakov, A.N. Bodyansky, M.I. Kostomarov, A.N. Lazarevsky, P.A. Vyazemsky and others. By the end of S. Ponomarev's life, his personal library consisted of 15,000 volumes. The last years of his life, Stepan Ponomarev lived in Konotop (in his sister's house) and only occasionally went on business to Kyiv or Moscow. Poor eyesight and deafness almost completely hampered his work. Especially painful for the old scientist was the thought of who to give his library to. After long hesitation, he handed it over to the Konotop Zemstvo. There it was not preserved as a whole - part was plundered, the other simply rotted away, while the main funds were destroyed during the revolution.

7 6 years since birth Valeria Zaklunnaya (1942-2016), a famous theater and film actress. From 1966 until the end of her life, Valeria Zaklunnaya worked at the Theater. Lesya Ukrainka. She is known not only as a theater actress - many people remember films with her participation, such as "The meeting place cannot be changed", "The Thought of Kovpak", "Siberian", "Theater and Fans", "Wedding Bells" and many others. The actress has received many awards - she was awarded the gold medal to them. Dovzhenko (1978) and the State Prize of the USSR (1979 - for the role of Ekaterina Deryugina in the dilogy "Earthly Love" and "Fate"), as well as the State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR. Shevchenko (1975 - for the role of Stefa Kotsyumbas in the film "Until the last minute"). In 2012, Zaklunnaya was awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine.

Death anniversary:

96 1 a year ago (1057) died at the battle of Lamphaneni King Macbeth of Scotland. The commander and relative of the Scottish king Duncan I, he killed him in 1040 and was crowned himself, ruled the country for seventeen years and died in the fight against Malcolm, son of Duncan I. The legends of Macbeth formed the basis of William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth (1606). The first translation of Macbeth from English was made by Panteleimon Kulish (sometime between 1882 and 1886); it was published in 1900 in Lvov as a separate book, edited and with a preface by Ivan Franko. In general, Franco positively assessed the translation, but noted that "the strength and heterogeneity of tones that marks the English original is still (attempted to translate) very, very far away." It is also known that at the beginning of 1898 Lesya Ukrainka began to translate Macbeth, but things did not go beyond the first three scenes. On the Ukrainian stage, the first production of Macbeth was performed by Les Kurbas in 1920 at the State Traveling Exemplary Theater in Bila Tserkva. In April 1924 Macbeth was staged again by Kurbas at the Berezil Theatre.

On August 15, 1728, Captain 1st Rank Vitus Bering discovered the strait between Kamchatka and Alaska, later named after him.
The great navigator was born in 1681 in the Danish city of Horses, graduated from an officer's naval school in Amsterdam, and at the very beginning of the 18th century moved to Russia forever, where he was called Ivan Ivanovich.
In his second homeland, Bering participated in naval battles with the Turks and the Swedes, commanded multi-gun ships, and received royal awards. But in 1724 a completely new stage in his life began. From that moment until his death, Bering devoted all his activities to solving the question posed to him by the great reformer Peter the Great: "whether or not Asia is connected with America."
The first Kamchatka expedition led by Bering carried out extensive geographical observations and carried out cartographic work that was extremely accurate for its era. The famous English navigator around the world, James Cook, who visited the same waters at the end of the 18th century, spoke of them as follows: I must give fair praise to the memory of the venerable Captain Bering: the observations are so accurate and the position of the coasts is indicated so correctly that one must be surprised at this. Then Cook suggested naming the legendary strait after Vitus Bering.
Immediately after the end of the first expedition, the explorer sailor began to hatch plans for a second, much larger one. Bering's intention was to map all the Arctic and Far Eastern coasts of Russia, to study their nature and the nature of the surrounding seas. The second Kamchatka expedition, which took place in 1733-1743, went down in national and world history as the Great Northern Expedition. However, the captain-commander himself did not live to see the completion of the expedition. In the summer of 1741, on the St. Peter packet ball, he set off on his last voyage to the north of Avacha Bay in Kamchatka. But the ship never came to the bay. "Saint Peter" got into a severe storm that lasted several weeks, a general scurvy began on board. In November 1741, the ship, which by that time had received serious damage, landed on an unknown shore. It seemed to the sailors that they had reached Kamchatka, but it soon became clear that they had set foot on the shore of one of the islands of the deserted nameless archipelago.
Here the captain-commander found his grave. The island on which the navigator died was called Bering Island, and the entire archipelago - the Commander Islands.

An ardent republican, Jacobin, anti-monarchist during the years of the French Revolution, having received power as a result of a coup, he first became "first consul", then, after holding a referendum, "first consul for life" and, finally, emperor.

The history of Napoleon the general is well known. Everyone knows about his numerous victories. But at the same time, somehow little attention is paid - but it should be - to the fact that during his rule the territory of France did not increase, but decreased.

Napoleon died at the age of fifty-one in exile, on the island of Saint Helena, where Great Britain granted him asylum. In 1838, the French transported his body to Paris and buried it there, to which Lermontov responded with a contemptuous poem "The Last Housewarming".

On August 15, 1771, the outstanding Scottish romantic writer, the founder of the historical novel, Walter Scott was born.

It is curious that until 1829 his famous historical novels were published anonymously. The name of their true author, a modest lawyer, became known only as a result of the collapse of the publishing house that printed these books. According to Balzac, Walter Scott elevated the novel "to the level of a philosophy of history."

On August 15, 1863, the famous Russian and Soviet shipbuilder Alexei Nikolaevich Krylov was born. Krylov's main merit is the development of the theory of unsinkability of the ship. Together with the famous Admiral Stepan Osipovich Makarov, Krylov became the founder of the Experimental Pool, in which models of new ships were tested.

Together with Makarov, he found numerous shortcomings in the project of the battleship Petropavlovsk, which at the very beginning of the Russo-Japanese War hit a mine and sank like a stone, taking with it the lives of hundreds of Russian sailors, including ... Makarov himself. Aleksei Krylov perfected his theory of unsinkability, and if you're sailing on a modern Titanic, don't worry: it's unlikely to sink.

On August 15, 1888, Grigory Yakovlevich Brilliant was born, who took the party pseudonym Sokolnikov. He was a participant in the revolutions of 1905 and 1917, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council, People's Commissar for Finance, the Soviet Union's ambassador to Great Britain, and a member of the party's Central Committee.

It was Sokolnikov who in 1918 signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany on behalf of the Soviet Republic. Well, then he repeated the fate of many of his associates: arrest in 1936, the so-called "open trial" in the 37th and, finally, death in the camp in 1939.

On August 15, 1913, in St. Petersburg, 24-year-old Igor Sikorsky, on a giant - at that time - aircraft of his own design, the Russian Knight, set a world record for flight duration - 1 hour 54 minutes.

The event did not escape the attention of even the State Duma. For the creation of the world's first multi-engine aircraft (and the Russian Knight had 4 engines), the deputies awarded the designer a prize of 75 thousand rubles.

On August 15, 1914, two weeks after the start of World War II in Europe, the Panama Canal opened, separating North America from South America. The plan of the canal was developed by the French back in 1879, they began to lay it, but in 1904 an American company acquired the right to build the canal.

The canal is very complex, it consists of a number of two-way locks and artificial lakes, all ships pass the canal on external traction - six locomotives operate along a toothed track on the walls of the lock chambers. The length of the Panama Canal is 81 kilometers, it takes from 24 to 30 hours to navigate a ship through it, but it shortened the route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by more than twelve thousand kilometers.

August 15, 1924 in the Leningrad People's House named after Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg (formerly named after Nicholas II) opened the largest cinema in the USSR "Velikan".

The American film "The Island of Lost Ships" was shown in the first part, and opera and ballet dancers performed in the second part. The capacity of the cinema was three thousand people.

Now the Leningrad Music Hall is located here.

On August 15, 1973, Honored Artist of Russia Yulian Viktorovich Vasin, or simply Yulian, was born in the city of Kolomna near Moscow.

From the age of four, little Julian began to seriously study music, sing and compose songs. His fate was predicted by the obstetricians who delivered the baby. The child screamed so loudly that they immediately told the mother: "Your boy will be a singer."

There are many mystical events in Julian's life, the first of them - the singer's birthday - for a whole day it rained like a bucket, lightning flashed, the wind howled, and exactly at the moment when Julian was born, the sun came out ... In the maternity hospital he was nicknamed "sunny boy." By the way, now the singer always draws the sun next to his autograph.

\The seal of genius has always stood on the name of the "sunny boy". Julian graduated from school as an external student (in the 8th grade he passed all the exams in two years) and rushed to Moscow to enter GITIS (now the Russian Academy of Theater Arts), he was made an exception and accepted into the ranks of students at such a young age. Already in his second year, Julian became the Laureate and owner of the Grand Prix of the International Competition of Variety Artists. At the age of 20, the artist gave his first solo concert at the Variety Theater, and then, having prepared a new program, on the stage of the Rossiya Concert Hall. Since then, Julian's annual concerts at Rossiya have become a good tradition.

In 1994, Julian became the only pop artist who performed in the St. George's Hall of the Kremlin in honor of the arrival of Queen Elizabeth II of England. In the same year he was admitted to the International Union of Variety Artists. A year later, his Julian was appointed the official performer of the Anthem of Moscow. And a year later, in 1996, he created his own Song Theater.

In 1999, Julian celebrated the 10th anniversary of his creative activity and at the same time, in accordance with the presidential decree, he was awarded the title of Honored Artist of Russia. In the history of Soviet and Russian pop music, this is the first time that such an honorary title was awarded to a singer who was only 26 years old.

778 - In the battle with the Basques in the Ronceval Gorge, a participant in the campaign to Spain, the Frankish Margrave Roland, who covered the withdrawal of Charlemagne's troops, died. Roland became the hero of the epic "Song of Roland"

1498 - During his third voyage, H. Columbus discovered Grenada.

1519 - On the site of an Indian fishing village, the city of Panama was founded, the name of which in translation means "many, many fish."

1534 - Ignatius LOYOLA founded the Jesuit order in Paris. He and six of his companions made a solemn vow to go to Palestine and spread Christianity among the Mohammedans. The attempt was unsuccessful, but Loyola went to the Pope with a request to create a new order, in which, in addition to the usual monastic vows of chastity, poverty and obedience, a fourth was added - the vow "to meekly and blindly obey the pope." Despite the flattering clause of the charter for the pope, the Jesuit order was officially recognized only six years later.

1537 - Conquistadors founded the capital of Paraguay Asuncion.

1723 - The summer residence of Russian emperors Peterhof was opened.

1795 - France introduced a new currency - the franc.

1808 - An attempt by England to establish diplomatic and trade contacts with Japan failed - the shogun refused the entry of the English delegation.

1810 - In Paris, the Vendôme Column was erected in honor of the victories of Napoleon.

1811 - The Russian government approved the coat of arms of Bakhmut.

1832 - Pope Gregory XVI issued a bull condemning the freedom of the press.

1843 - The Tivoli amusement park was opened in Copenhagen.

1848 - Waldo Hanchett of Syracuse, New York patented the dental chair.

1866 - The University of Ottawa is founded.

1877 - On this day of the last century, when Thomas EDISON wrote a letter to the president of the Pittsburgh Telegraph Company, in which he argued that the best way to greet when communicating on the phone is the word "hello", which we have transformed into "hello." The inventor of the telephone, Alexander BELL, proposed his own version - the word "ahoy", used when meeting ships. If his advice had been accepted, then we would have yelled, whispered (depending on temperament and mood) into the phone: "Hey, who's there?"

1888 - Six Norwegians, led by Fridtjof NANSEN, went on a ski trip to cross Greenland. Despite the difficult weather conditions, the six successfully covered the entire journey and returned home in triumph in May of the following year.

1893 - International arbitration ordered the United States to pay a $478,000 fine to Canada for fishing in Canadian waters.

1908 - In Prussia, women are allowed to enter universities.

1914 - The Panama Canal is officially opened.

1921 - In Geneva, under the leadership of the navigator Fridtjof Nansen, an international conference on helping the starving in Russia began.

1932 - During excavations in the Vatican, the ancient Roman "Triumphal Road" was discovered.

1935 - The flag with the swastika has been approved as the national flag of Germany.

1936 - The Spanish left executed 733 priests.

1940 - In Bukovina, occupied by Soviet troops, land and enterprises were nationalized.

1943 - By order of Mao Zedong, a purge began in the Communist Party of China.

1945 - Indonesia declared itself an independent state.

1946 - At the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, A. Zhdanov declared war on "servile worship of the West."

1947 - In accordance with the Indian Independence Act adopted in June by the British Parliament, the country was divided into two states: Muslim - Pakistan and Hindu - the Indian Union.

1948 - After the elections to the National Assembly, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) was proclaimed, headed by President LI SON MAN.

1956 - In the USSR, the presentation of the Lenin Prizes (instead of the Stalin Prizes) was resumed.

1960 - The independence of the Republic of the Congo is proclaimed.

1972 - Ethiopia refused to participate in the Munich Olympics in protest against the participation of Rhodesia in it.

1990 - Viktor Tsoi died (born 21.6. 1962 ), leader of the Kino group.

1991 - The Bureau of the Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the CPSU, having considered the issue of a number of statements by the former member of the Politburo, Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU A. N. Yakovlev, aimed at splitting the CPSU and removing it from the political arena.

1992 - A new currency, the manat, has been introduced in Azerbaijan.

2002 - The Japanese electronics manufacturer Fujitsi announced its intention to cut 2,100 jobs at four factories in the country.

2002 - In the US, the deadline has expired, during which almost 700 of the country's largest companies must submit their financial statements to the Securities Commission. The owners of these companies must swear to the commission that their accounts are correct. Only half of the largest US companies swore to be honest.

2002 - US airline National Airlines announced on Thursday its decision to carry all passengers on September 11 for a nominal fee of $1.

August 15 in football history

August 15, 1992- the first matches of the English Premier League (EPL) were played - a tournament that replaced the first division of the championship of England in the rank of elite. The first Premier League goal belongs to Brian Dean's boot. The Sheffield United striker managed to score in the match against Manchester United in the fifth minute.

August 15, 1993- 20-year-old Mark Schwarzer in the second leg of the play-offs for the right to qualify for the 1994 World Cup between Australia and Canada gave a heroic performance. Schwarzer pulled out two shots in the penalty shoot-out to secure his country's passage to the next qualifying round. Two weeks before, the young goalkeeper was forced to make his debut for the Australian national team, replacing the removed Robert Zabika in the 17th minute. Despite how worthily and triumphantly inexperienced Mark withstood the super-stressful conditions of his first games in the national team jersey, the coaching staff decided to leave him in reserve during the next final matches with the Argentines. Australia lost 1-2 on aggregate.

August 15, 2009- Burnley defensive midfielder Graham Alexander at 37 became the oldest debutant in the history of the English Premier League. On that day, in the first round match, his team met with Stoke City. Prior to that, Alexander spent 14 seasons as a professional in English football, but never played in the top flight. At the end of the season, Burnley flew back to the Championship, and Alexander played 33 games in the league, scoring 7 goals. The following year, he became team captain.

August 15, 2011- Swansea City made their debut as the first non-English club in Premier League history on Matchday 1 away against Manchester City. The team has played in the local league system since its founding in 1902, while being based in Wales. The Swans and their eternal rivals Cardiff City played in different years in the top division of England, but Welsh clubs had not appeared in the Premier League established since the 1992/93 season. Swansea under Brendan Rodgers finished their Premier League campaign in an honorable 11th place, surprising everyone with a confident and Spanish-style passing game.

Also born on this day:

• Dutch winger Boudewijn Senden
• Italian defender, guardsman and Sampdoria legend
• Moreno Mannini
• Argentine goalkeeper Carlos Roa
• Moroccan-Dutch attacking midfielder Mubarak "Mbark" Bussufa
• English winger/midfielder Alexander Oxlade-Chamberlain
• Spanish midfielder, one of three Real Madrid players who played in all five first victorious finals of the Champions Cup José María Sarrago

On August 15, 1990, a tragic event took place in the life of Viktor Tsoi, in which no one has yet managed and, moreover, did not want to figure it out.
For 27 years, topics about this have been repeatedly opened in numerous Vkontakte groups and on the website of Rashid Nugmanov. But as soon as the discussions approached a solution, the topics were closed.

But many paid attention to the fact that the body buried at the Bogoslovsky cemetery in a closed coffin was not dressed according to the weather on the day of the incident: a sweater, rubber boots ... There was no histological examination, the corpse was brought to St. Petersburg very quickly and without investigative measures, but neither the father nor the mother showed the body of the deceased.

Natalya Razlogova, in a personal correspondence with me on Vkontakte, said that the corpse was so mutilated that she refused to examine it.

And finally, years later, an article by an independent technical expert, a member of the SRO ATE of Russia, Yury Nikolayevich Antipov, appears, where it is proved that the speed of the car was no more than 15 km / h, and at 10 o'clock in the morning it crashed at low speed into the posts.

And only after 1.5 - 2 hours, a car standing on the side of this back road was rammed by an empty Ikarus, which was coming out of repair. If this had not happened, then there would certainly have been an investigation into why V. Tsoi's "Moskvich" suddenly turned from the opposite side of the road and crashed into the fence posts on the other side of it?

A simple question arises, why it became clear only now? Is it because Robert Maksimovich and Tsoi's friends unanimously argued that Viktor lost control at high speeds over 100 km / h? Now it becomes clear that it was a staged tragedy.

Why was she needed? Most likely, Victor had no choice, they wanted to kill him, expensive security did not guarantee his safety, and in order to save his life, he decided to voluntarily disappear.

On music and poetry. Viktor Tsoi cannot and cannot be copied, because the MEANING of his songs is still not clear. No wonder they said the words: “The one who will kill me has not yet been born, the one who will understand me has not yet been born” (R. Povolyaev “Live”).

Viktor Tsoi asked such serious questions that neither Orthodox theologians, nor Catholics, nor Protestants have an answer to.

On the other hand, idle gossip about the everyday details of Victor's life, the so-called. zoevedov and "friends": Zhitinsky, Rybin, Kalgin, Lehtonen, Dahmer ... were published in numerous editions. Only Natalya Razlogova modestly stays away from these squabbles.

I am sure that Viktor Tsoi is alive, and writes NEW SONGS, in terms of his spiritual power, no less than what he did before. Listen and compare the songs of Viktor Tsoi and Roman Povolyaev in the order that I offer you: Tsoi - "A Star Called the Sun", Povolyaev - "The Sun", "Shaman", Tsoi - "Legend", Povolyaev - "Dream", " Believe and Wait”, Tsoi - “April”, Povolyaev - “Slave or Hero”, Tsoi - “Question”, Vanya Kurnaev - “Live for Today”, Povolyaev - “Today”, Tsoi - “Old Tale”, Povolyaev - "Fairy Tale" + confessional songs "LIVE", "Memory", "Contract with Death".

Now about Roman Povolyaev. Many are downright outraged that Roman sings other people's songs, for which he does not claim authorship, in the voice of Viktor Tsoi! Why, connoisseurs of copyright songs are indignant? - What, does not want to sing with his voice, or cannot sing? - In any case, I understand Roman well. He honestly conveys the MEANING of songs that could not be written by a 14-year-old boy Vanya Kurnaev, and others like him.

And the last. They ask if Victor is alive, then why doesn't he come back to us? - I answer simply and clearly. Victor has nowhere and no one to return to. The USSR no longer exists, and every year, month and day, “this country” becomes less and less like Russia. Victor was, and judging by the NEW SONGS, forever remained a patriot of his country. And which of us has a guarantee that if Victor returns now, he will not be immediately killed by envious people and show business dealers? - They mutilated the same brazenly ITS WALL!

On August 15, 778, in the battle with the Basques in the Ronceval Gorge, a participant in the campaign of Charlemagne to Spain, the Frankish margrave Roland, who covered the withdrawal of Charlemagne's troops, died. Roland became the hero of the epic "The Song of Roland".

On August 15, 1498, during his third voyage, Christopher Columbus discovered Grenada.

The third expedition consisted of only 6 ships and was exclusively research. On July 31, he discovered Trinidad, found the Gulf of Paria, discovered the mouth of the Orinoco and the Peninsula of Paria, finally reaching the continent. On August 15, Margarita Island was discovered, after which the navigator arrived in Haiti, where the Spanish colony was already operating.

On August 15, 1519, the city of Panama was founded on the site of an Indian fishing village. The territory of modern Panama was inhabited by a few Indian tribes of Kuna, Choco and Guaya. The first contact with Europeans occurred in 1501 with the Spaniard Rodrigo de Bastidas. In 1502, Christopher Columbus explored the east coast of Panama on his fourth voyage to the New World. In 1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. In 1510 he founded a colony and became governor of the region. Soon Portobelo became a place for the transfer of Inca gold to Europe, attracting English pirates to these places. African slaves were brought in. In 1519, the future capital of the country was founded - the city of Panama, which in Indian means "many, many fish."

August 15, 1534 is considered to be the founding day of the Society of Jesus, commonly known as the monastic Order of the Jesuits. Its founder was the Spanish nobleman Ignatius de Loyola, who on the day of the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos, together with six like-minded people, took a vow of non-possession, chastity and missionary work in the Holy Land.

In September 1540, Pope Paul III approved the Charter of the Society, which was significantly supplemented: henceforth, its members were exclusively subordinate to the Pope "in matters of missions." Ignatius was elected the first general of the Order. The strictest, almost military discipline reigned in the ranks of the Jesuits. The Society of Jesus played a significant role in the counter-reformation, its members were actively involved in missionary work, education and science.

On this day in 1535 the city of Asuncion in Paraguay was founded, and in 1540 the city of Arequipa in Peru.

On August 15, 1723, the summer residence of the Russian emperors, Peterhof, was opened.. Back in 1710, in its place, active architectural and landscape work began on the construction of the estate of Peter I. Four years later, the Great Peterhof Palace, Monplaisir, the Great Grotto with cascades and other structures of the Lower Park were laid. It was assumed that in terms of luxury the residence would not yield to the French Versailles. To supply water to the fountains of Peterhof, a water conduit 40 kilometers long was built. At first, the construction of settlements at the Palace was carried out chaotically, but in the 1730s, Peterhof received a clear layout thanks to the architect M.G. Zemtsov. Since 1762, it has become a city under the jurisdiction of the Palace Department.

August 15, 1771 was born Walter Scott, world famous British writer, poet and historian, Scot by origin. Considered the founder of the historical novel genre.

On August 15, 1810, the Vendôme Column was erected in Paris in honor of Napoleon's victories.

The height of the column is 44.3 meters, and its average diameter is 3.6 meters. The skeleton of the column is made of stone, which is covered with 425 bronze plates, and it itself is decorated with a helical strip of 280 m from 76 bas-reliefs depicting battle scenes of the Battle of Austerlitz. An internal staircase (176 steps) allows you to climb up. The top of the column is surrounded by a gallery, and the building is crowned with a statue of Napoleon dressed as a Roman emperor.

I must say that before the French Revolution, this square was named after Louis the Great, and after that it became known as Vendôme after the former owner of the land. After the overthrow of the monarchy in 1792, the equestrian statue of Louis XIV, which stood on the square for exactly 100 years, was destroyed. Bonaparte, having become the first consul, wished to build a column to perpetuate the memory of his victories and pay tribute to the courage of the soldiers of France. Moreover, it was the column - since it was an imitation of the ancient Trajan's column in Rome. He chose Place Vendôme as the place of construction.

The decree on the construction of the column was issued on January 1, 1806, construction began on August 25 of the same year, and ended on August 15, 1810. The architects of this monument were Zh.B. Leper and J. Gondouin. The material for the barrel of the column was the Austrian and Russian guns captured in the battle of Austerlitz. By the way, the Vendome column is 14 meters higher than its prototype. At various times it was called the Austerlitz Column, the Column of Victories and the Column of the Great Army, but today, for purely geographical reasons, it is known as the Vendôme Column.

Interestingly, the statue of Napoleon crowning the column is already the third in the history of the structure. The first statue, where Bonaparte was depicted in a Roman toga (sculptor A.D. Chaudet), after the defeat of his troops in 1814 and the capture of Paris by the allies, was removed from the site at the request of the Parisians (and, according to some reports, melted down), and a white Bourbon flag with lilies. And only after the July Revolution, in 1833, Louis-Philippe I ordered to recreate the original appearance of the column. Only now, in the new version, Napoleon was already “dressed” in an officer's uniform (sculptor Ch. Surre). In 1863, Napoleon III, fearing that the highly artistic statue could suffer from bad weather, ordered to remove it and place it closer to the tomb of Napoleon I - in Les Invalides, and make a copy for the column, which was made by the sculptor O. Dumont. Here the emperor again appeared in the clothes of the Roman emperor.

On August 15, 1835, a patent was received for a washing machine with a rotating drum., and in 1848, Waldo Hanchett of Syracuse, New York, patented a dental chair.

On this day in 1876, at the Philadelphia World's Fair, the American scientist Alexander Bell for the first time publicly demonstrated his apparatus, exhibited under the motto "Visible speech", which soon became known as the "telephone". Disputes arose about how phone users should address each other. Then Thomas Edison proposed the appeal "Hello", i.e. - "Hello ". Which in Russia quickly transformed into "Hello".

On this day in 1888, six Norwegians, led by Fridtjof Nansen, set out on a ski trip to cross Greenland.

On August 15, 1918, the United States and Soviet Russia severed diplomatic relations.. On this and the next day, American troops landed in Vladivostok, which marked the beginning of the intervention of the Entente countries in Russia.

On this day in 1920, the Battle of Warsaw ended with the victory of the Polish troops. It became one of the key battles of the Soviet-Polish war of 1919-1921. The outcome of the Battle of Warsaw led to the preservation of Poland's independence. According to the Riga Peace Treaty, vast territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus were ceded to Poland. The battle of Warsaw, called the "Miracle over the Vistula", was included by British researchers in the list of 18 most outstanding turning-point battles in world history.

On August 15, 1935, the flag with the swastika was approved as the national flag of Germany.

On August 15, 1945, Indonesia declared itself an independent state. After the surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945, the Indonesian patriots, led by Sukarno, decided to declare the independence of the state.

On August 15, 1947, India was divided into two states - Pakistan and the Indian Union., that is, India itself. Jawaharlal Nehru became Prime Minister of India.

On August 15, 1948, after the elections to the National Assembly, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) was proclaimed, headed by President Lee Syngman.

On August 15, 1956, the presentation of the Lenin Prizes (instead of the Stalin Prizes) was resumed in the USSR.

On August 15, 1960, the Republic of the Congo declared its independence from France. Prior to that, in 1947, the colonial possession of the Congo was granted the status of an overseas territory of France, and since 1958 - the status of an autonomous republic within the French Community.

In 1960, Fülbert Yulu became the first president, who was overthrown on August 15, 1963 as a result of a strong union-inspired protest against corruption in the administrative apparatus against the backdrop of a deteriorating economic situation.

On this day in 1969, the Woodstock Festival began. One of the most famous rock festivals, held from August 15 to 18, 1969 on one of the farms of the town in the countryside of Bethel. During the festival, 3 people died: one from a heroin overdose, the second was hit by a tractor, the third fell from high structures; There have been 2 unconfirmed births.

On this day in 1971, US President Richard Nixon announced the end of the gold backing of the US dollar.

On August 15, 1975, there was a military coup in Bangladesh. which resulted in the death of President Mujibur Rahman.

On August 15, 1994, Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez was delivered to France known as Carlos the Jackal. The most famous terrorist in the world at that time had been captured by intelligence agencies in Sudan the day before.

On August 15, 2018, at the age of 80, Russian writer Eduard Uspensky died. Author of the books "Crocodile Gena and his friends", "Vacations in Prostokvashino".