The Conflict of the Gypsy Poem. The history of the Gypsy poem. Several interesting compositions

When was the Gypsy poem created?

The poem began in 1823 and finished in 1824 in southern exile.

What is the conflict in the poem "Gypsies"?

The life of the gypsies in the poem is uncomplicated and relaxed, the number of events in it per unit of time is much less. A simple nomadic life in the bosom of nature with minimal expenditure of energy for survival (around civilized neighbors who are ready to pay for gypsy exoticism) imposes minimum requirements on the responsibility of each member of such a community.

What is the motive for Aleko's escape from the city and coming to the gypsies?

Aleko flees the city, because for his ardent heart with powerful passions, life in artificial limitations, where everything is imbued with falsehood and hypocrisy, and where the essence of a person is hidden, is draped with many conventions, is intolerable. He understands that, with his sincerity, he is doomed to misunderstanding and persecution in a world full of deception and luxury, which at all times has been synonymous with spiritual emptiness. Speaking extremely briefly, Aleko chooses content, disregarding the form.

The role of lyrical digression about the moon

When Pushkin wrote about the moon "entered the fogs" and the "wrong light" of the slightly dawning stars, he wanted to show by this the cloudy state of the Soul of awakened Aleko, its darkness. The description of nature acts here as an indirect description of the hero created within.

What is the author's position in the poem?

Pushkin harshly criticizes the society of his day and sets up a thought experiment, plunging a person from this society into an environment of wild freedom. And he answers: there is no real happiness in the freedom of the gypsies either. Therefore, striving for a non-binding nomadic lifestyle is also meaningless. Material from the site

What is the artistic meaning of the final scene? The role of the epilogue?

The final scene is a symbolic demonstration of how lonely Aleko remained with his split - like an abandoned cart in the middle of the steppe. Not a home, but a barren place - that's what this person has in his soul.

The epilogue ties the story to real time and place. People can live in completely different ways. Mighty Russia smashed the Turks, the Gypsies wandered peacefully across the steppe. The meanings of their existence were completely different, although they were realized at the same time. These two so different worlds were connected only by the fact that both there and there there is no salvation from fate and fatal passions.

The main conflict of the poem "Gypsies" is the opposition of ideas about the life of two worlds - the world of the city, civilization and the world of nomadic primitiveness, not burdened by difficult conditions of survival. Civilization gives a person a certain stability and outward diversity of life, but significantly reduces the original freedom of a person by complex rules - not only written laws, but also rituals, which are also virtually impossible to go beyond. The life of the gypsies in the poem is uncomplicated and relaxed, the number of events in it per unit of time is much less. A simple nomadic life in the bosom of nature with minimal expenditure of energy for survival (around civilized neighbors who are ready to pay for gypsy exoticism) imposes minimum requirements on the responsibility of each member of such a community. Aleko's motive for fleeing the city and coming to the gypsies Aleko flees the city, because for his ardent heart with powerful passions, life in artificial constraints, where everything is imbued with falseness and hypocrisy, and where the essence of a person is hidden, is unbearable, is draped with many conventions. He understands that, with his sincerity, he is doomed to misunderstanding and persecution in a world full of deception and luxury, which at all times has been synonymous with spiritual emptiness. Speaking extremely briefly, Aleko chooses content, disregarding the form. Liberty of the gypsies. The lack of freedom of a person in a civilized society The freedom of the gypsies is ensured by the fact that they are in demand by civilized neighbors. The gypsies earn their living by singing, dancing and playing, which is why these aspects of life are so well developed in them. Otherwise, they would have to seriously engage in cattle breeding and carefully protect themselves from the fall of the same neighbors, which would require the creation of a military organization and strict discipline, which, in fact, all nomadic peoples differed. Pushkin, of course, spoke somewhat differently. He used the gypsies who were exotic then in Russia in order to "express the thought that one cannot seek harmony and the dream of the Golden Age in the past." Despite the seeming lack of conflict and simplicity of morals, that life was also full of different charms, and the desired will of one became the cause of drama for another. Pushkin criticized the modern civilized society even more. He well understood that people in him, for imaginary external benefits, even give the freedom to pour out their feelings and generally lose themselves, being forced to furnish almost every manifestation of them with complex rituals. This is an anticipation of Go-Golev's masks that have grown together tightly with a person. He also understood that the luxury of the civilized world inevitably carries chains in which a person fetters himself, and gypsy liberty just as inevitably implies poverty. Gypsies are much more integral, because their unwise desires are not constrained by rules and laws, but are realized immediately. The downside is the low level of consciousness of such people, which does not allow them to control their desires, as a result of which they are primitive and fraught with conflicts. That is, the point is the lack of conscious social discipline among the Roma. Civilized peoples have such discipline, but only outside - in the form of laws. The ideal would be to combine the inner discipline of the senses with the outer freedom.

"Gypsies" - the last, as it is believed, the romantic poem of Pushkin. The cycle of poems written during the period of southern exile, along with the poems "Brothers robbers", "Prisoner of the Caucasus" and "Bakhchisarai fountain", is also called "Byronic". But whether the romantic poem "Gypsies", and even more so the "Byronic" poem, is a debatable question.

According to the official version, Pushkin began writing this poem after having spent several days in a camp with the Bessarabian gypsies. It is difficult to say whether this is true or just another semi-literary anecdote from his life. In any case, most biographies talk about this in passing, without details. It is also curious that, unlike other southern poems, "Gypsies" were completed not in the south, but already in Mikhailovsky. Involuntary loneliness and a growing point associated with a life crisis certainly helped make this poem wiser.

The plot, or rather its outer side, at first glance, is as simple as, for example, in "Prisoner of the Caucasus". If you do not read this poem, but simply retell the plot, then it will seem like another romantic work in a row of many similar ones: the hero runs away from civilization to the "children of nature", they cannot accept him, and he himself cannot live in this society. But in "Gypsies" not everything is as simple as it might seem at first glance.

Let us recall with what large strokes Pushkin sketches the inner portrait of the protagonist in "Prisoner of the Caucasus":

He tasted people and light

And he knew the price of a wrong life,

Found treason in the hearts of friends

In dreams of love - a mad dream.

In Gypsies, Pushkin no longer depicts Aleko with such thick and imprecise colors. Moreover, the description of Aleko is not separately deduced in the poem, and he himself is revealed through dialogues and plot, therefore he is a completely living character, not a literary one. As it is quoted in all school essays, he escaped "from the captivity of stuffy cities", but this escape is the result of a search, reflection, and not a pose, as in the same "Prisoner of the Caucasus".

Zemfira deserves special attention. She is often positioned as a free savage. Serious doubts arise about her inner freedom. This is what she says with such delight:

But there are huge chambers

There are colorful carpets

There are games, noisy feasts,

The maidens' dresses are so rich there.

One gets the impression that if Aleko offered her to escape to these very stuffy cities, she would immediately agree, if only to live in the chambers among the multi-colored carpets. Aleko does not notice this, but lies to himself and idealizes Zemfira. Even the smartest people are not immune from such a classic mistake (how can you not recall the poet's personal drama associated with Natalia Goncharova). Trying to restrain the romantic phantom, Aleko calls out to his beloved: "Do not change, my gentle friend!" Since he says so, then there is a reason for it. As if Pushkin himself is sorry to be disappointed in the heroine, but the artistic and life truth take their toll. Needless to say, he himself will follow Aleko's path, marrying Goncharova.

Why does Pushkin lead an episode about Ovid into the poem? It is known that, being in the south, Pushkin liked to compare himself with him. Ovid, like Aleko, like Pushkin, is the son of civilization. They have a common longing for that natural environment for them. Probably, this story is a turning point for Aleko, although after that he wanders with the camp for two more years: the chimera about happiness in supposedly freedom still lives in him, but the denouement is already inevitable.

An old husband, a formidable husband,

Cut me, burn me!

These are the songs Zemfira sang. And Aleko says: "I don't like wild songs." Apparently, he never did. Immediately after their skirmish, a very intriguing scene of Aleko's delirium at night follows. First, in a dream, he pronounces the name of Zemfira, but after a while he begins to pronounce a different name. Whose? It's hard to say, but this name is obviously from that past life. A very ambiguous and mysterious episode.

The writing

I. Ideals of Romanticism.

II. Opposition of two worlds in the poem by A.S. Pushkin

"Gypsies".

1. The main conflict of the work.

2. The life of the Roma is the embodiment of the ideals of freedom.

3. Aleko's desire for freedom.

4. Selfishness of the hero as the main obstacle to freedom.

III. The poem "Gypsies" in the perception of the modern reader.

We are timid and kind in soul

You are angry and brave; - leave us ...

A. S. Pushkin

Romantic poets proclaimed freedom as their main ideal. Their interest in exotic countries and peoples, in antiquity, in mysticism was due to the desire to describe the highest degree of individual independence - inner freedom.

Romantic heroes often reject generally accepted laws, trying to subordinate the world to their own laws. The main conflict of Alexander Pushkin's poem "The Gypsies" is of a romantic nature. This is a contradiction between the natural, close to nature life of a free man and the existence of people limited by the framework of civilization.

The ideal of freedom is embodied in the life of the Roma. Everything is poetic, everything is beautiful in their world. The first lines of the poem: "Gypsies wander in a noisy crowd in Bessarabia ..." - set the tone for the description of their life, customs, simple laws. We seem to see with our own eyes a camp, lit by the moon, asleep in peaceful sleep, an old man waiting for his daughter from a walk. The father will not say a word of reproach to his late returned daughter, he will receive a guest who is destined to destroy this idyllically calm world.

In Zemfira there is no pretense, hypocrisy. Having fallen in love with Aleko, she reveals her whole soul to him, calls him to her camp, gives all of herself. With interest she asks her beloved about the world he abandoned, which seems beautiful to her:

There are colorful carpets

There are games, noisy feasts,

The maidens' dresses are so rich there!

But Aleko is tired of the "captivity of stuffy cities", where people "are ashamed of love, they drive their thoughts, trade with their will, bow their heads before idols and ask for money and chains." The world of civilization appears before us as a ghostly world, where souls and passions are shallow, where there is no place for a person with a restless, free soul. Aleko left this world to become free.

You love us even though you were born

Among the rich people;

But freedom is not always sweet

To the one who is accustomed to bliss -

Zemfira's father speaks, but the loving, happy Aleko does not believe the old man's words: he strove for freedom, he found it!

Aleko's happiness lasted exactly two years. When he found out that Zemfira stopped loving him, he decides:

... No, I, without arguing,

I will not give up my rights;

Or at least I will enjoy revenge ...

Aleko "enjoyed revenge", he killed both Zemfira and his rival. And thus he proved that he never really appreciated freedom. He himself strove for it, but for others he did not recognize the right to free choice. Civilization, the habit of what the old man calls "bliss", make the hero forget about the ideals of freedom. He tramples on the laws of both the civilized world and the gypsy camp, where death is not punished for treason, where even the murderer is not avenged, but he is expelled with the words: "Leave us, proud man!"

The heroes of the poem "Gypsies" are depicted somewhat tentatively: the pictures of the life of the gypsy camp are idealized, the calm wisdom of the old man is exaggerated, the speech of Aleko and Zemfira sounds almost the same, although they are representatives of different social groups. But the poem amazes with its inner truth, strength of characters, drama of the events described. And today it makes the reader think about true human values: about freedom and its boundaries, about love and loyalty, about pride and humility.

Time of creation of the poem "Gypsies"

The poem began in 1823 and finished in 1824 in southern exile.

Conflict of the poem "Gypsies"

The main conflict of the poem "Gypsies" lies in the opposition of ideas about the life of two worlds - the world of the city, civilization and the world of nomadic primitiveness, not burdened with difficult conditions of survival. Civilization gives a person a certain stability and external diversity of life, but significantly reduces the initial freedom of a person by complex rules - not only written laws,

but also by rituals, beyond which it is virtually impossible to go beyond.

The life of the gypsies in the poem is uncomplicated and relaxed, the number of events in it per unit of time is much less. A simple nomadic life in the bosom of nature with minimal effort to survive (around civilized neighbors who are ready to pay for gypsy exoticism) imposes minimum requirements on the responsibility of each member of such a community.

The motive of Aleko's escape from the city and the arrival of the gypsies

Aleko flees the city, because for his ardent heart with powerful passions, life in artificial limitations, where everything is imbued with falsehood and hypocrisy, and where the essence of a person is hidden, is draped with many conventions, is intolerable. He understands that with his sincerity he is doomed to misunderstanding and persecution in a world full of deception and luxury, which at all times has been synonymous with spiritual emptiness. In short, Aleko chooses content, disregarding form.

Liberty of the gypsies. Human lack of freedom in a civilized society

The liberty of the gypsies is ensured by the fact that they are in demand by their civilized neighbors. The gypsies earn their living by singing, dancing and playing, which is why these aspects of life are so well developed in them. Otherwise, they would have to seriously engage in cattle breeding and carefully guard themselves from attacks from their neighbors, which would require the creation of a military organization and strict discipline, which in fact differed from all nomadic peoples.

Pushkin, of course, spoke somewhat differently. He used the gypsies who were exotic then in Russia in order to "express the idea that harmony and the dream of the Golden Age cannot be sought in the past. Despite the seeming lack of conflict and simplicity of morals, that life was also full of disappointments, and the desired will of one became the cause of drama for another.

Pushkin even more criticized the civilized society of his day. He well understood that people in him, for imaginary external benefits, even give the freedom to pour out their feelings and generally lose themselves, being forced to furnish almost every manifestation of them with complex rituals. This is an anticipation of Gogol's masks, fused tightly with a person.

He also understood that the luxury of the civilized world inevitably carries chains in which a person fetters himself, and gypsy freedom just as inevitably implies poverty.

Gypsies are much more integral, because their unwise desires are not constrained by rules and laws, but are realized immediately. The downside is the low level of consciousness of such people, which does not allow them to control their desires, as a result of which they are primitive and fraught with conflicts. That is, the point is the lack of conscious social discipline among the Roma. Civilized nations have such discipline, but only from the outside - in the form of laws. The ideal would be to combine the inner discipline of the senses with the outer freedom.

The role of lyrical digression about the moon

When Pushkin wrote about the moon “entering the fogs” and the “wrong light” of slightly dawning stars, he wanted to show by this the cloudy state of the Soul of the awakened Aleko, its obscurity. The description of nature acts here as an indirect description of the hero that is created within.

The artistic role of the image of Mariula, the wife of the Old Gypsy, in the conflict and composition of the poem

The image of Mariula, of course, was not created by chance. The appearance of this character in the Old Man's story sets a certain chronological depth, a vector for the narration, shows the non-randomness of what is happening with the main characters, typifies a specific event. And at the same time, he shows Pushkin as an expert on human souls, because he actually makes us understand that Zemfira is fulfilling the generic program laid down by the mother.

It should be noted that the Old Man's decision - not to take revenge - shows the diametrically opposite way of solving the problem to Aleko's chosen one, that is, this plug-in plot is of great importance for better defining the difference between the rules of the civilized and wild world. And he clearly shows at the same time that the relationships within this wild world are also far from perfect, and the freedom of the gypsies has its downside.

The artistic meaning of the final scene. Role of the epilogue

The final scene is a symbolic demonstration of how lonely Aleko remained with his duality - like an abandoned cart in the middle of the steppe. Not a house, but a barren place - that is what this person has in his soul.

The epilogue ties the story to real time and place. People can live in completely different ways. Mighty Russia smashed the Turks, the Gypsies peacefully roamed the steppe. The meanings of their existence were completely different, although they were realized simultaneously. These two so different worlds were connected only by the fact that both there and there there is no salvation from fate and fatal passions.

Glossary:

how Aleco's escape from the city and the arrival of the gypsies were motivated
poem of a gypsy
what is the conflict of the gypsy poem
an essay based on a gypsy poem
the history of the creation of the gypsy poem

Glossary:

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