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Namkai norbu about feminism. Non-Silk Road - LiveJournal. The Teachings and Organization of Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche in Russia

An excerpt from Chögyal Namkhai Norbu's teaching "Upadesha on the Most Important Moments of Ati" broadcast on June 21, 2015 at Merigar West

Another important practice is, as I sometimes ask people, to re-educate your mind, because usually most people believe everything that appears in the mind. Why? People say they think there is a reason for this. When the mind takes over us, subjugates us, we have many problems, including dangerous problems.

When we are captured by the mind, the function of the mind is combined with the circulation of energy, and what you think about is manifested by the circulating energy. Some people say they hear someone talking to them and giving advice. If you have such an experience, it is very dangerous. Because no one is really talking to you. But when the mind takes over and such an experience develops, it has to do with the circulation of your energy, and sometimes you can even see something. You think there is actually something there. Sometimes you can hear someone talking. But in reality no one is talking and there is no one there.

The mind can create a lot, especially when it relies on the circulation of energy. ()

  • November 17th, 2019 09:28 am

In order to gain direct experience of one's state through the yoga of the prana of clarity and emptiness, it is necessary to know all the numerous pranas: root and secondary, gross and subtle.

This is where the five root pranas reside: the life-sustaining [sogjin] resides in the heart channel; Ascending [gyengyu] - in the lung canal in the throat; cleansing down [> tursel] - in the spinal canal; accompanying fire [menyam] - in the canal of the stomach; penetrating everywhere [kyabche] - in the channel of Brahma.

Among the secondary (pranas) there are gross and subtle. There are ten types of gross pranas: dangyu (circulating to awaken) makes it possible to see and is in the eyes; namgyu (always circulating) allows hearing and resides in the ear canal; yangyu (circulating clean) allows you to smell and is concentrated in the nasal canal; rabgyu (highly circulating) allows you to taste and is located in the channel of the tongue; ngegyu (definitely circulating) gives the ability to feel and is present in all channels of the body and pervades the consciousness.

This is where the pranas of the five elements reside: the prana of the earth, which provides stability, resides in the spleen channel; the prana of water, which maintains moisture, is in the kidney channel; the prana of fire, which ensures maturation, is in the channel of the liver; air prana, which provides movement, is in the lung channel; the prana of space, which provides accommodation, is in the channel of the heart.

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  • November 17th, 2019, 11:29 am

Sometimes we think we can overcome a problem through judgment. The point is that the mind gives orders. As long as we are human, all three gates, all three aspects are important. And we must take care of our body, energy and mind. When problems arise in any of the three aspects, we must work with all three. If we have only ideas and we do not work with the body and energy, then all our work is only fantasies.

Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche

  • November 12th, 2019 06:41 pm

The qualities of wisdom are limitless. That is why we speak of the wisdoms of quality and quantity (usually this means the ability to know the state of beings and the ability to spontaneously manifest at will according to their needs). For example, a Buddha, an enlightened being, can manifest at the same moment as ten or a hundred different manifestations. This means that the wisdom and true state of the Buddha is timeless. It also means that it does not depend on the mind of the Buddha. The mind is in time. If we are dependent on the mind, then they cannot manifest.

Some biographies say that teachers like Milarepa, when dying, manifested their death in two or three different places, and everyone who was in different places saw the body of Milarepa, etc. That is why in the Tibetan tradition, in particular , today there are incarnations of, say, one lama in five different incarnations. Because a lama can have five qualities: body, speech, mind, quality and action. If we separate each of these five, twenty-five manifestations can appear, and if we go even further, an infinite number of manifestations can arise.

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  • November 12th, 2019 10:23 am

When we consider all our visions to be something different from the state of space, then we are very far from the true meaning of the expression "samsara and nirvana - everything is an initially pure state."

If we think that space is something other than what we see and interact with, then the non-duality, or unity, ying and rigpa that Vajrayana talks about doesn't make any sense anymore.

We need to achieve the knowledge that everything is primordially pure, like space itself. If we think otherwise, then our idea of ​​meditation, the expression gommed (sgom med), which means "beyond meditation" or "non-meditation", "nothing to meditate on", or the famous word tedmed (gtad med), meaning “nothing to focus on”, and “dzin med” – “there is nothing to hold on to or have an idea about”, etc., all this becomes just meaningless words.

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  • October 6th, 2019 , 07:29 pm

How does karmic prana work? The Longsal text has an explanation. Prana also has masculine and feminine aspects. And when we talk about breathing in the masculine aspect of prana, it is shorter. And the feminine aspect of breathing is longer and slower. And when we say neutral breathing, prana is very slow and balanced breathing. There are also two aspects. Soglung - it generally means "vital prana". And this prana is more connected with the upper part of our body. And another prana, tsoglung, works more in the lower part of the body. For example, when we do tummo or kundalini practices, we work a lot with this lower tsoglung. And these two aspects of prana are associated with heat and cold. And for that reason they create different kinds of diseases. And if where there should be heat prana, this place is due to cold, then illness arises, and we must balance this.

This is not difficult to understand. And when we study the Longde practice, we test the strength of our breath on the right and left. This is what we are talking about in terms of male and female, this can be understood. Longchenpa's explanations say: for example, when we have a masculine breath, when the breath is stronger on the right side, we do the practice using something opposite or in a neutral way. In this way we can more easily acquire the prana of wisdom. Neutralization gives khumbaka.

And there are also features of prana associated with the 4 seasons. For example, in the spring we work more with the navel chakra. In summer we work more with the heart chakra. In autumn we work more with the throat chakra, and in winter we use the head chakra. If we practice in this way, the practice will have a greater effect.

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  • October 6th, 2019, 06:14 am

During the retreat on the teachings of Longsal Saltong lung Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche said that sometimes anger in us manifests itself easily and superficially, such a person can quickly change his attitude and state. But sometimes anger is subtle - you feel normal and you don't feel that there are reasons for anger, but it is inside you. You can simply feel discomfort in the ordinary circumstances of every day, dissatisfaction. Rinpoche advised to train more in the generation of bodhichitta, and then our anger will become more apparent to us)). Why is it so? This is connected with our heart center, and what we transform into compassion is precisely anger, disgust, but by turning this anger into compassion, you can correct it. Rinpoche said that such states are more related to the well-being of our physical body and that it is very important for practitioners to understand this in order to apply the methods specifically to changing the physical well-being.

It is important for practitioners to understand the peculiarities of their condition, what is specifically connected with the physical body, and, knowing this, use a special method. And the method is that if some element is deficient, we can increase its effect. And then, if the function is damaged, and we strengthen it. And sometimes the function is normal, but due to the state of other elements. How, for example, a lack of the element "fire" can be caused by an excess of "water".

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  • October 6th, 2019 03:58 pm

"It's very important that you set up a stable visualization. Some people say I have a lot of difficulty doing visualizations because I can't see shapes and colors. But if you want to learn how to see them as something specific, you need to learn how to fixate. Some people say I can't imagine the white A and the tigle because I can't see them.You have to do a good fix on the white A and the tigle, you watch and then you close your eyes and of course you can see it.You imagine this form in the center of the body, and that's it. There is nothing there on a concrete level, material. We do practice with the mind, we judge and think. In our mind, we can get anything. Visualization is a kind of judgment, a concept on which you can focus.

(

Chögyal Namkhai Norbu was born in 1938 in Derge in Eastern Tibet. At the age of 3, he was recognized by many high Tibetan teachers as the incarnation of Adzom Drugpa - the great Dzogchen teacher - and received a full traditional education, corresponding to his rank of tulku (reincarnation). In addition to theoretical disciplines, he received instructions from many teachers of various Buddhist schools and performed practices under their guidance. At the age of 18, he met his root teacher, Changchub Dorje, through whom he was able to fully awaken his spiritual knowledge.

In 1960, Professor G. Tucci invited him to Rome for research work at the Oriental Institute. Subsequently, Chögyal Namkhai Norbu held the position of professor of Tibetan and Mongolian language and literature at the Institute of Oriental Studies at the University of Naples, where he worked until 1992 and made a great contribution to the development of Tibetology in the West.
In the mid-70s, for the first time in the Western world, at the request of his students, he began to transmit the Teaching. Chögyal Namkhai Norbu is now one of the main living Dzogchen teachers. He is the founder of the international Dzogchen Community, the Shang Shung Institute and the A.S.I.A. organization, which helps Tibetan schools and hospitals. For many years he tirelessly travels the world, transmitting the Dzogchen teachings and devoting himself to caring for Tibetan culture.

Biography of Chögyal Namkhai Norbu

This short biography was originally published in the second edition of Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche's Dzi Jewel Necklace: A Cultural History of Tibet, published in Tibetan by His Holiness the Dalai Lama's Information Service.
Chögyal Namkhai Norbu was born in the village of Geug, in the Dege region, in Eastern Tibet, on the eighth day of the tenth month of the Earth-Tiger year (1938). His father's name was Dolma Tsering, he was from a noble family and served for some time as an official of the local government of the region, his mother's name was Yeshe Chodron. When Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche was two years old, Palyul Karma Yansrid Rinpoche and Shechen Rabjam Rinpoche recognized him as the incarnation of Adzom Drukpa. Adzom Drukpa was a student of the First Khyentse Rinpoche, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1829-1892), and also a student of Patrul Rinpoche. Both famous Masters were leaders of Rime, a non-sectarian movement in Eastern Tibet in the nineteenth century.
Adzom Drukpa received the transmission of instructions from his root Master Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo thirty-seven times, and from Patrul Rinpoche he received the full transmission of the Longchen Nyingthig Teachings and the instruction on Tsa-lung.
Then Adzom Drukpa became a terton - a discoverer of the hidden Teachings of Terma, having visions and instructions from the Omniscient Jigme Lingpa himself. At that time he was thirty years old. Adzom Drukpa lived and taught in Adzomgar, Eastern Tibet and became the teacher of many Dzogchen masters of that time. Among them was Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche's paternal uncle Togden Urgyen Tenzin, who became his first Dzogchen Master. When Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche was eight years old, the 16th Karmapa and Palden Pun Situ Rinpoche recognized him as the incarnation of the mind of Ngawang Namgyal Lhobrug Shabdun Rinpoche (1594-1651). This Teacher was the incarnation of the famous Master of the Drukpa Kagyu school - Padma Karpo (1527-1592). Shabdun Rinpoche was the historical founder of the state of Bhutan. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the Shabdun Rinpoches were dharmarajas - the secular and spiritual rulers of Bhutan.

The path to dzogchen

As a child, Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche received Dzogchen instructions from Dzogchen Khan Rinpoche. From the age of eight to fourteen, Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche studied at the monastery, where he studied the Prajnaparamita Sutras, the Abhisamayalankara, the Hevajra Tantra, and the Samputatantra. He became a scholar of Abhisamayalankara. He studied the great commentary on the Kalachakra Tantra, studied the Guhyasamaja tantra, the medical Tantras, Indian and Chinese astrology, and Karmapa Ranjung Dorje's Zabmo Dandon. There he studied secular sciences. At the same time, he studied the basic doctrine of the Sakyapa school and the root text on the logic of the Sakya Pandita.

Then, with his uncle Togden Urgyen Tenzin, he retired to a cave to contemplate Vajrapani, Simhamukha and White Tara. At that time, Adzom's son Drukpa Gyurme Dorje returned from central Tibet and gave Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche the initiation into the cycle of Longchen Nyingthig Teachings.
In 1951, when Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche was fourteen years old, his mentor advised him to find a woman who lived in the area of ​​Kadari, who was the incarnation of Vajrayogini herself, and take initiation from her. This female Teacher named Ayu Khadro Dorje Paldron (1838-1953) was a student of the great Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Nyagla Pema Duddul, and an older contemporary of Adzom Drugpa. At that time she was one hundred and thirteen years old, and had been in a dark retreat in contemplation for fifty-six years.
Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche received from Ayu Khadro, in particular, the transmission of the Teachings of Longchen Nyingthig and Khadro Yantig, in which the main practice is contemplation in the dark. In addition, she bestowed upon him her own termas of the mind, such as the practice of the Lionhead Dakini - Simhamukhi. In 1954, Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche was invited to visit the People's Republic of China as a representative of the Tibetan youth. He taught Tibetan in China at the Southwestern Minority University in Chengdu. In China, he met the famous Gankar Rinpoche (1903-1956) and heard from him the explanations of the Six Yogas of Naropa, Mahamudra and instructions on Tibetan medicine. During this period, Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche reached perfection in the study of Chinese and Mongolian. Returning home to Dege at the age of seventeen, and following a vision he received in a dream, he went to meet his root Master, Zhangchub Dorje Rinpoche (1826-1978), who lived in a secluded valley east of Dege. Zhangchub Dorje was from the Nyarong region near the border with China. He was a student of Adzom Drugpa, Nyagla Pema Duddul and Shardza ​​Rinpoche (1859-1935), the famous Dzogchen Master of the Bonpo school. Nyagla Pema Duddul and Shardza ​​Rinpoche achieved the highest realization in the Dzogchen Teaching - the Body of Light. Zhangchub Dorje was a practicing physician and led a community in his valley called Nyaglagar. The community fully provided itself with everything necessary and consisted entirely of practitioners - yogis and yoginis.
From Zhangchub Dorje Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche received initiation and transmission of the main sections of Dzogchen: Semde, Longde and Mennagde. But more importantly, this Master introduced him directly to the experience of Dzogchen. He also received some transmissions from the Teacher's son. He remained at Nyaglagar for almost a year, often assisting Zhangchub Dorje in his medical practice and serving as his secretary.
After that, Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche went on a long pilgrimage to Central Tibet, India and Bhutan. Returning to his homeland, in Degas, he found a deteriorating political situation and an avalanche of violence. He was forced to flee in Central Tibet and reached Sikkim already as a political emigrant. There, in Gantok, from 1958 to 1960. he worked as an author and publisher of Tibetan literature for the Sikkim Government Development Department.

Activities of Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche in the Western World

In 1960, when he was twenty-two, Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche went to Italy, at the invitation of Professor Giuseppe Tucci, and settled in Rome for several years. From 1960 to 1964 he was engaged in research work at the Italian Institute of the Middle and Far East. On a Rockefeller scholarship, he worked closely with Professor Tucci and taught seminars on yoga, medicine, and astrology. Since 1964, Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche has been a professor at the Faculty of Oriental Studies at the University of Naples, where he taught the Tibetan language and the history of Tibetan culture. He conducted an extensive study of the historical sources of Tibetan culture, in particular, studied the little-studied sources related to the Bonpo tradition. In 1983, Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche convened the first international conference on Tibetan medicine, held in Venice.
From the mid-seventies, Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche began teaching Yantra Yoga and Dzogchen contemplation to several students from Italy. The growing interest in these teachings convinced him to devote himself even more to this activity. Together with his students, he founded the first Dzogchen Community at Arcidosso in Tuscany, later founding other centers in various parts of Europe, Russia, the USA, South America and Australia.
Material taken from the site

Chögyal Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (also Namkhai Norbu, December 8, 1938) is a Tibetan Dzogchen teacher who actively spreads the Buddhist teaching of Dzogchen around the world, in particular in Italy, Russia, Latin America, Australia, USA, Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States .

Namkhai Norbu was born in Eastern Tibet, in Derge, Kham province.

At the age of three, he was recognized as the incarnation of the great Dzogchen master, Adzoma Drugpa. He was also recognized as the incarnation of Kunchen Pema Karpo and Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the de facto head of the Drukpa Kagyu tradition in Bhutan. Namkhai Norbu received a full education, corresponding to the rank of tulkus, and transmissions from many Tibetan teachers. After the occupation of Tibet by China, he emigrated to India. The Italian professor G. Tucci invited him to Rome to work at the Oriental Institute. In the early 60s, he worked at the Institute of the Near and Far East in Rome, and subsequently, from 1962 to 1992, he taught Tibetan and Mongolian language and literature at the Oriental University of Naples. His academic work reveals a deep knowledge of Tibetan culture, always fueled by a strong desire to keep alive and in demand the unique cultural heritage of Tibet.

In 1964, Namkhai Norbu was appointed professor of Tibetan and Mongolian language and literature at the Institute of Oriental Studies at the University of Naples. In the mid-60s, after several years of teaching Yantra Yoga in Naples, Chögyal Namkhai Norbu began to give Dzogchen teachings, which were met with growing interest first in Italy, then throughout the Dzogchen West. In 1971 he founded the International Dzogchen Society, whose activities currently unite thousands of practitioners in the Dzogchen communities.

In 1981 he founded the first Dzogchen Community in Arcidosso, Tuscany, and named it Merigar. In the future, thousands of people become members of the Dzogchen Community all over the world. Centers appear in the USA, in various parts of Europe, in Latin America, Russia and Australia.

In 1988 Chögyal Namkhai Norbu founded A.S.I.A. (Association for International Solidarity in Asia), a non-governmental organization whose task was to meet the needs of the Tibetan population in education and medicine.

In 1989, Chögyal Namkhai Norbu founded the Shang Shung Institute, which aims to preserve the Tibetan culture, contributing to the development of knowledge about it and its dissemination.

Books (19)

This short letter, written by Chogyal Namkhai Norbu at the age of nineteen, expresses the view and meditative practice of Dzogchen on several pages. During the last conversation, before parting, the author dedicated it to his mother. The letter is written in a living language, strikes with the depth of thought and is free from philosophies and rhetorical frills. This is a direct message from heart to heart. It conveys the essence of enlightenment that arises from observing the nature of one's mind, it is spontaneous wisdom manifesting as infinite compassion for all beings, our mothers.

Adriano Clemente. June 1995

To my mother, Yeshe Chodron, from the bottom of my heart

Um, mama, Um! This mind that we always talk about, which seems so alive and active, arose with Samantabhadra, the Primordial Lord. By recognizing its nature, Samantabhadra liberates himself. Without recognizing it, we begin our wanderings in endless samsara. Now a fortunate opportunity has presented itself, therefore, without looking for excuses, without allowing ourselves to be drawn into the eight worldly dharmas, we must open our eyes to see our true state and understand it once and for all.

There is a natural self-born state which is the ultimate and true essence of the mind. If we leave it in its natural state of purity and momentary presence without trying to change it in any way, then its spontaneous primordial wisdom will be exposed nakedly.

What is the self-born wisdom of momentary pure presence composed of?

As much as we want to define it or think about it, it is inexpressible. It never started, it exists now and here, it never stops. It has no place for the limitations of dualism, existence or non-existence, good and evil, addiction and aversion, liberation and delusion.

Its essence is the purity of emptiness, which has the quality of wisdom in a state of great self-perfection.

The state of primordial purity is an instant presence, it is the non-duality of the emptiness of the essence and the clarity of nature, it is the basis for the manifestation of the three dimensions of enlightenment: dharmakaya (essence), sambhogokai (fullness) and nirmanakai (manifestation). Correct recognition of this state is what is called "seeing the all-encompassing fullness of self-perfection."

Now I will explain all this.

If we look at an object to our right, and then look to our left, from the moment one of our thoughts disappears until another arises, do you not feel a fresh awareness of the present, not tainted by the mind, pure, bright, naked, free ? Stay a moment in meditation, mother, and watch!

Here! This is an example of the true state of instant presence, and what is called the "absolute equality of the fourth time", which is beyond the three times: present, past and future.

The moment you are no longer in this state, which is the absolute equality of the fourth time, do not thoughts arise quickly and spontaneously? Mom, stay a moment in meditation and watch!

Here! This is exactly what is called the uninterrupted energy of emptiness, which is the essence of momentary presence. If you do not recognize a thought as soon as it appears, then thoughts will multiply in the usual way, and thus you will fall into the limitations of duality. This is the chain of illusions, the true root of our endless wanderings in the illusory perception of the three worlds - emotions, forms and formlessness.

Mom, when a thought suddenly arises in you - it doesn't matter if it's good or bad - recognize it immediately!

Remain with a pure presence and relax in this state without getting involved in actions: neither accepting nor rejecting, neither suppressing nor goading.

If you do not create attachments that lead to acceptance and rejection, then all thoughts of good and evil, pleasant and painful, and everything like that, will dissolve freely into the space of the essential dimension (dharmakaya), in the non-duality of presence and emptiness. This is called the "fundamental unity of view and meditation" in the dissolution of tensions (tregchod) in the all-encompassing fullness of self-perfection.

When all doubts and uncertainties regarding the vision of the nature of great perfection are dissolved, then continuation in this state is called "meditation."

Without losing the vision of the natural state, it is necessary to relax the consciousness of the five senses, starting with sight and hearing, but without suppressing these functions, but remaining in spontaneous clarity.

If the consciousness of any of the five senses becomes blocked, this means that the person has fallen into a stupor and lost clarity. In this case, you need to make your state lighter, more transparent.

If one meditates with some goal in mind, there is a great danger that meditation will become analytical and conditioned. It is not worth meditating from the desire to declare: "This is the state!".

To meditate "on something" means the activity of the mind, while in reality there is nothing to concentrate on and meditate on. It is enough just to leave the consciousness in its natural state and at the same time not allow yourself to be distracted. Since distraction is tantamount to falling into an illusion, it is important to keep your attention and not allow illusions to grow.

Whatever thought arises, be it good or bad, neither reject nor accept it, but let it liberate itself in the same way that it appeared.

Whatever thoughts arise, good or bad, let them manifest, but don't get involved in starting to make judgments.

Thought, left as it is, self-liberates into its own state like the waves of the sea - after churning on the surface of the sea, they eventually settle down.

Some of the so-called great meditators claim that meditation consists in stopping thought and achieving a state free from them, but this direction is opposite to the path of dissolving tensions in the fullness of perfection.

Stopping a thought is an action. Performing an action during meditation can become a reason for future reincarnations, this is absolutely not the path that frees from samsara.

Thus, when thoughts arise, whether good or bad, the point is to remain in a state of pure presence or pure clarity, without any involvement in all the activities that come from either suppressing or multiplying thoughts.

When one continues to be in this state, no matter what object appears, it will not become a target for our addictions. Our perception of it will remain in its original state. And then all the phenomena that appear as objects remain without changes and pollution introduced by thoughts arising from attachments. Therefore, everything that is manifested and perceived becomes the wisdom of the unity of clarity and emptiness.

This recognition of one's own state, namely the state of pure clarity or pure presence, must become continuous, whatever you do: when you walk, when you eat, sit, lie down, and so on. If thoughts arise related to emotions or addictions - for example, pleasant or painful, something good or bad - do not give in to the idea that you need to discard them or find an antidote for them.

If you observe the sensations of pain or pleasure and leave them clean and naked, then they will dissolve in the same way as they appeared.

The main reason for our reincarnations, which has been continuously turning the wheel of samsara from the beginning of time to the present day, is our unconscious inclination towards dualism. Therefore, by abandoning forever all external preoccupation and ostentatious spirituality, you will find the highest happiness to come face to face with the dimension, which is the essence of instant presence (dharmakaya). So seize this opportunity and turn to the deep natural state in which all notions of acceptance and rejection purify themselves in their own state.

May the ultimate knowledge of Atiyoga arise in perfection in you, Mam Yeshe! And may all beings who meet you be liberated in the original space of Samantabhadra!

This was written by Dzogchenpa Namkhai Norbu in Lhasa on the twenty-fifth day of the first month of the year of the Earth Dog, in 2502 after the parinirvana of the Buddha (March 1958), at the moment of separation from his mother.

Glossary

Absolute equality of the fourth tense (Tib. dus bzhi mnyam panyid)- the unchanging basis of three times: present, past and future.

View, tava (Tib. lta ba)- a way of seeing, an intuitive understanding of one's true nature.

Eight worldly dharmas (Tib. "jig rten chos brgyad)- ordinary human reactions to gain and loss, glory and dishonor, praise and blasphemy, joy and sorrow.

Fundamental Unity of View and Meditation in the Dissolution of Tensions (Tib. khregs chod kji lta sgom chig dril)- a state of knowledge in which there is no difference between theory and practice.

The fullness of self-perfection (Tib. lhun grub rdzogs pa chen po)- the natural state of perfection of each individual, beyond the duality of samsara and nirvana.

Dissolution of stresses, tregchod (Tib. khred chod)- the main characteristic of combining the state of contemplation with everyday activities. In it, all tensions of body, speech and mind associated with unconscious tendencies dissolve effortlessly and are self-liberated.

Samantabhadra (Tib. kun tu bzang po)- The Primordial Buddha, literally the All-Good, is the original state of the individual beyond the duality and flaws associated with time circumstances.

Essential Dimension, Dharmakaya (Tib. chos sku)- the true absolute nature of the mind and consciousness.

May the lotus feet of all the Teachers stand firmly on the Earth! Yes, it will be good for everyone!


Master of the Dzogchen tradition Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche and Shajin Lama (spiritual head of the Buddhists) of Kalmykia Telo Tulku Rinpoche. September 2008. Photo by Wikipedia.

Reference

Chögyal Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (also Namkhai Norbu, December 8, 1938) is a Tibetan Dzogchen teacher who actively spreads the Buddhist teaching of Dzogchen around the world, in particular in Italy, Russia, Latin America, Australia, USA, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic states. Namkhai Norbu was born in Eastern Tibet, in Derge, Kham province. At the age of three, he was recognized as the incarnation of the great Dzogchen master, Adzoma Drugpa. He was also recognized as the incarnation of Kunchen Pema Karpo and Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the de facto head of the Drukpa Kagyu tradition in Bhutan. Namkhai Norbu received a full education, corresponding to the rank of tulkus, and transmissions from many Tibetan teachers. After the occupation of Tibet by China, he emigrated to India. The Italian professor G. Tucci invited him to Rome to work at the Oriental Institute. In 1964, Namkhai Norbu was appointed professor of Tibetan and Mongolian language and literature at the Institute of Oriental Studies at the University of Naples. Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche conducts numerous Dzogchen teaching seminars around the world. In 1971 he founded the International Dzogchen Society, whose activities currently unite thousands of practitioners in the Dzogchen communities. In 1988 Chögyal Namkhai Norbu founded A.S.I.A. (Association for International Solidarity in Asia), a non-governmental organization whose task was to meet the needs of the Tibetan population in education and medicine. In 1989, Chögyal Namkhai Norbu founded the Shang Shung Institute, which aims to preserve the Tibetan culture, contributing to the development of knowledge about it and its dissemination. Dzogchen, dzogpa chenpo (Tib. rdzogs pa chen po, from the Tibetan language can be translated as "great perfection", "great completeness", "complete completeness") or ati yoga, maha-ati, santi maha, mahabindu, thigle chenpo - a practical teaching that is an essential part of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Dzogchen is also used in other schools of Tibetan Buddhism and in the Bon tradition.

  1. Chogyal Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (December 8, 1938) - Tibetan Dzogchen teacher, conducts numerous seminars on the teachings of Dzogchen around the world.

    MIRROR OF GREAT PERFECTION
    (collection of articles and speeches)

    This book includes recordings of oral teachings that Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche gave over the years, as well as an article written by Rinpoche in Tibetan called "Mirror", which reveals the essence of the Dzogchen teaching.

    link to book
    .

  2. Chogyal Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche
    Mirror
    ADVICE ON PRESENCE AND AWARENESS

    This short text was written in Tibetan by Namkhai Norbu on the occasion of the first International Conference on Tibetan Medicine held in Venice and Arcidosso, Italy in 1983. Adriano Clemente translated it into Italian and John Shane into English. Concisely, here are precise and detailed explanations of the very essence of Dzogchen practice.​

    I bow to the teacher!

    The Dzogchen practitioner must have a clear, precise presence and awareness. Until a person truly knows his own mind and can control it with awareness, no matter how many explanations of reality are given to him, they will remain just ink on paper or the subject of scientific disputes among intellectuals and will not give rise to the slightest understanding of the true meaning.

    In the Kunjed Gelpo*1 (Kun byed rgyal po), one of the Dzogchen tantras, it is said:

    "The mind is what creates both samsara and nirvana, therefore it is necessary to know this King who creates everything!"

    We say that we are reborn in the impure and illusory vision of samsara, but in reality, only our mind is reborn.

    And if we talk about pure Enlightenment, then it is carried out by our own purified mind.

    Our mind is the basis of everything, and everything arises from our mind: samsara and nirvana, ordinary living beings and Enlightened Ones.

    But why are sentient beings reborn in the impure vision of samsara? Although the essence of the mind, the true nature of our mind, is originally completely pure, nevertheless, since a pure mind is temporarily clouded by ignorance, there is no self-recognition of its own State.

    Because of this lack of self-recognition, illusory thoughts and deeds generated by passions arise. All these bad karmic causes accumulate, and since their maturation in the form of consequences is inevitable, a person suffers severely, being reborn in the six realms of existence*2.

    So, not recognizing one's own State is the cause of rebirth. and because of this reason man becomes a slave to illusions and distractions. Dependence on the mind gives rise to a persistent habit of illusory actions.

    It is the same with pure wakefulness: the dazzling light that awakens you will not come from outside. If you recognize your own, inalienable State as initially pure and only temporarily obscured by obscurations, and without being distracted, keep the presence of this recognition, then everything impure disappears. This is the essence of the Way.

    Then the inherent quality of the great primordial purity of the primordial state manifests itself, and you recognize it and master it as a living experience.

    It is this experience of concrete knowledge of the true primordial state, or true awareness of the State, that is called nirvana. Therefore Enlightenment is nothing but your own mind in its purified state.

    That is why Padmasambhava*3 said: "The mind is the cause of samsara and nirvana. Outside the mind, neither samsara nor nirvana exist."

    Having thus established that the basis of samsara and nirvana is the mind, we conclude that everything that seems concrete in the world, and all the apparent materiality of the living beings themselves, is nothing but an illusory vision inherent in the mind.

    Just as a person suffering from jaundice sees a white shell as yellow, although in fact this is not its real color, so as a result of special karmic causes, living beings manifest different illusory vision.

    So, if the beings of each of the six worlds happened to meet on the banks of the same river, then due to different karmic reasons, each of them would perceive it differently. Creatures from a hot hell would see a fiery stream, creatures of a cold hell would see ice, pretas would see it as blood and pus, water animals would recognize their native element in it, people would see a source of drinking water, asuras would see weapons in it, and gods would see nectar.

    This shows that in reality nothing exists concretely and objectively. Therefore, having understood that the true root of samsara is the mind, one should decide to uproot this root. Realizing that the mind itself is the essence of Enlightenment, you will achieve liberation.

    So, having understood that the only basis of samsara and nirvana is the mind, you decide to embark on the path of practice. At this moment, having gathered all your attention and determination, it is necessary, without distraction, to maintain continuously present awareness.

    For example, if you want to stop the flow of a river, then you should securely block its source. Trying to override it anywhere else will not give you the same result. In the same way, if you want to cut off the root of samsara, you should cut off the root of the mind that creates it - there is no other way to get rid of it. If we want all the suffering and obstacles that arise from our negative deeds to disappear, then we must cut off the root of the mind that creates them.

    If we do not do this, then even if we perform good deeds with body and speech, we will not receive any result, except for a fleeting benefit. In addition, if the root of bad deeds is not cut off, then they will accumulate again - in the same way, if we only tear off a few leaves and branches from a tree, instead of cutting off the main root, then it will not dry out at all, but will continue to grow.

    If the mind - the King that creates everything - does not remain in its natural state, then even by practicing the tantric methods of the generation and completion stages*4 and reciting many mantras, you are not on the path to complete liberation. To conquer a country, you must first subjugate its king or ruler - you will not achieve this goal by capturing only a part of the population or a few officials.

    If you do not maintain a constant presence and allow yourself to be distracted, then it is unlikely that you will ever be freed from the endless samsara. If you do not allow inattention, do not fall under the power of illusions, but control yourself, being able to constantly stay in the true State with the presence of awareness, then you unite the essence of all Teachings, the root of all Paths.

    Since various aspects of dualistic vision, such as samsara and nirvana, happiness and suffering, good and evil, etc., arise from one's own mind, one can conclude that the mind is their fundamental basis. This is why non-distraction is the root of the Paths and the main principle of the practice.

    It is by following this supreme path of constant presence that all the buddhas of the past became enlightened, by following this same path the buddhas of the future will become enlightened, and by following this right path the buddhas of the present awaken. It is impossible to reach Enlightenment without following this path.

    Since continuous presence in the presence of the true State is the essence of all paths, the root of all meditation, the result of any spiritual practice, the juice of all esoteric methods, the heart of all higher Teachings, it is necessary to strive, without distraction, to maintain a constant presence.

    This means: do not follow the thoughts of the past, do not look forward to the future, do not follow the illusory thoughts that arise in the present, but turning inward, observe your true state and keep it aware as it is, without any speculative restrictions of the "three times ".

    Remain in the uncorrected conditions of your natural state, free from the impurity of judgments that divide into being and not being, having and not having, good and bad, etc.

    The primordial state of the Great Perfection is truly beyond the limited concepts of the "three times", but one who is just beginning the practice does not yet have this awareness, and it is difficult for him to experience the recognition of his own State; therefore, it is very important not to allow yourself to be distracted by thoughts of the "three times."

    If, in order not to be distracted, you are trying to get rid of all thoughts by focusing on finding a state of peace or a feeling of pleasure, then you must remember that this is a mistake, since the very "concentration" that you are doing is nothing more than one thought.

    One should relax the mind, keeping only the awakened presence of one's own State, not allowing oneself to fall under the influence of any thought. When you are truly relaxed, the mind is in its natural state.

    If thoughts, good or bad, arise in this natural state, then instead of trying to judge whether you are at rest or in the movement of thoughts, you need only notice all thoughts, being in the alert presence of the State itself.

    When we simply pay attention to thoughts, only noticing them, they are released into their own true state, and while this awareness of their release lasts, one should not forget to keep the presence of mind. If you are not just noticing thoughts, but are distracted, then you need to pay more attention to the true presence of awareness.

    If you are noticing the appearance of thoughts that you are at rest, and at the same time the mere presence of the mind is maintained, then you should continue to observe the state of movement of the thought itself.

    If no thoughts arise, one should, simply by noticing it, remain in the presence, in which only pure attention is paid to the state of calm.

    That is, we keep the presence of the natural state without trying to squeeze it into any conceptual scheme and without expecting it to appear in some special image, color or light, but only relaxing in it, not succumbing to the intricacies of thoughts.

    Even if it is difficult for beginner practitioners to stay in this state for more than a single moment, there is no need to worry. There is no need to wish this state to last for a long time, nor to be afraid of losing it altogether: only one thing is required - to maintain a pure presence of mind, without falling into duality, in which the observing subject perceives the observed object.

    If the mind - although you maintain a simple presence - is not at rest, but constantly tends to follow the waves of thoughts about the past or the future, or is distracted by the senses: sight, hearing, etc., then you should try to understand that the thought wave itself as insubstantial as the wind. Try to catch the wind - you will fail. If you try to hold back the wave of thought, then there is no way to stop it. That's why you should not try to stop thoughts, and even more so try to reject them as something bad.

    In fact, the state of stillness is the root state of the mind, while the wave of thought is the natural clarity of the mind in action: just as there is no distinction between the sun and its rays, or a stream and its jets, so there is no distinction between mind and thought. If you regard the state of stillness as something positive to strive for, and the wave of thought as something negative to be rejected, and thereby continue to be in the duality of division into acceptance and rejection, then there is no way to overcome the ordinary state of mind.

    Thus, the root principle is, without allowing yourself to be distracted, only to note with pure attention any thought that arises, good or bad, important or insignificant, and to remain present in the state of the moving wave of the thought itself.

    If a thought arises and you are unable to remain still, maintaining such a presence, because other such thoughts may follow, then it is necessary to be able to notice it without being distracted.

    "Notice" does not mean to see it through the eyes or form an idea about it. This means paying pure attention without being distracted by any thought of the "three times" or any sense perception that might arise, and thereby fully experience this "wave" while remaining in the presence of pure awareness.

    This is by no means meant to change the mind in any way, such as trying to hold back thinking or block its flow.

    .

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  3. ...........continuation

    It is difficult for someone who is just beginning to engage in this practice, without being distracted, to carry out such discrimination for a long time with pure attention. due to a strong habit of absent-mindedness, acquired over an infinitely long time of rebirths. If we look only at our present life, from the moment of birth to the present state, it turns out that we have always lived in distraction and we have never had the opportunity to train in the presence of awareness and non-distraction.

    And therefore, if absent-mindedness and forgetfulness take possession of us due to lack of attention, it is necessary - while we still do not have the ability not to be distracted - by all means try to be aware of what is happening, relying on the presence of mind.

    There is no "meditation" to be found outside of such being in one's true state, when there is either stillness or the movement of a wave of thought. There is nothing to look for - the best or the clearest - except to recognize with pure attention and stay in one's own State.

    If you hope that something will manifest outside of yourself, and not by being in the presence of your own State, then such a situation is reminiscent of the proverb about the evil spirit that came to the eastern gate, although the ransom to get rid of it was brought to the western. In this case, even if you think that you are meditating perfectly correctly, in reality it will be just tedious and futile work. So, the most important thing is to stay in the State that you find in yourself.

    If you neglect what is inside you and instead look for something else, then you are like a beggar who, instead of a pillow, puts a precious stone under his head, but, not knowing its price, goes into poverty, asking for alms.

    Therefore, while maintaining the presence of your own State and observing the wave of thought, without assessing the degree of clarity of this presence and not considering the state of rest as something desirable, and the wave of thought as something undesirable, absolutely not striving to change anything, you continue to stay in this State, without being distracted and remembering to maintain the presence of awareness, in doing so, you extract the essence of the practice.

    Some are concerned about the noise: if other people walk, talk, etc., they become irritated, or, being distracted by external events, they give rise to a lot of illusions. This is an erroneous path, called "the dangerous path in which the outward vision appears to be the enemy." This means that, despite the ability to abide in the knowledge of both the state of stillness and the wave of thought, a person has not yet been able to achieve the unification of this state with his external vision.

    In this case, while constantly maintaining the presence of awareness, you should, after seeing something, not be distracted, but relax, not giving judgment to what you see, and remain in the presence.

    If a thought arises that evaluates the experience as pleasant or unpleasant, then one should only note it with pure attention and continue to be in the presence of awareness without forgetting about it.

    If you find yourself in unpleasant circumstances, such as a noisy quarrel around, then you should only note this unpleasant circumstance and continue to be in the presence of awareness, not forgetting about it.

    If you are unable to integrate the presence of awareness with daily activities such as eating, walking, sleeping, sitting, and so on, then it is impossible to maintain a state of contemplation beyond the time-limited practice of sitting meditation.

    In this case, failing to establish the true presence of mindfulness, you will separate the formal practice of meditation from your daily life.

    Therefore, it is very important, without distraction, to continue to be in the presence of awareness, integrating it with all the activities of your daily life.

    In the Prajnaparamita Sutra*5, the Buddha said:

    "Subhuti, like a Bodhisattva-Mahasattva, realizing that he has a body, practices perfect conduct? Subhuti, when a Bodhisattva-Mahasattva is walking, he is fully mindful of what he is walking; when standing, fully mindful of what he is standing; when sitting, fully mindful that he is sitting; when sleeping, fully mindful that he is sleeping; whether his body is healthy or ill, he is fully mindful of whatever it is!"​


    That's how it should be! To understand how the presence of awareness can be integrated with all the activities of daily life, take walking for example. It is not a question of jumping up as soon as the thought of walking arises and marching unconsciously back and forth, sweeping away everything in its path. Quite the opposite: when you get up, you remember: "Now I'm getting up and I'm not going to be distracted while walking."

    In this way, without distraction, step by step, you must guide yourself with the presence of awareness. In the same way, if you are sitting, you must not forget awareness; whether you are eating something tasty or having a drink, or exchanging a few words with someone - whatever you do, whether it is important or not, you must remain aware without distraction.

    Because we are so used to being distracted, it is difficult to generate this presence of mindfulness, especially for those who have just begun to practice.

    But always, when there is some new work, you have to study first. And although you may not be completely successful at the first attempt, as you gain experience, the work will gradually become easier.

    Similarly, when learning to contemplate, you must first set yourself the task of not being distracted and steadily following this, then, as far as possible, maintain the presence of awareness, and if you are already distracted, you should notice it.

    If you stick firmly to your decision to remain present with awareness, you can reach a point where you will never be distracted again. In Dzogchen, the teaching of spontaneous self-perfection, one usually speaks of the self-liberation of the mode of vision (view), the mode of meditation, the mode of behavior, and fruition*6, but such self-liberation arises only through the presence of awareness.

    In particular, the self-liberation of a mode of behavior certainly cannot arise if it is not based on the presence of awareness. And so, if you do not succeed in achieving perfect self-liberation of your behavior, you will not be able to overcome the boundary between formal meditation and your daily life.

    When we say that the self-liberation of behavior is the most important principle of all tantra, agama and upadesha*7 of Dzogchen, this pleases modern young people very much. But some of them do not know that the true basis of self-liberation is the presence of awareness, and many, even partially understanding this theoretically and being able to talk on this topic, still do not apply this principle.

    If, for example, a patient knows perfectly well the properties and action of a certain medicine and can competently give advice on its use, but does not take it himself, then he will never recover. So we too have been suffering from the grave disease of duality since beginningless time, and the only remedy for this disease is true knowledge of the state of self-liberation, free from limitations.

    When you are in contemplation, in continuous awareness of the true state, there is no need to emphasize your behavior. However, for those who are just beginning the practice, there is no other way to master it, except for the alternation of formal meditation with everyday life.

    This is explained by the fact that we have a very strong attachment to logical thinking, to the perception of the objects of our senses as really existing, and most of all - to our material body of flesh and blood.

    When we reflect on the "lack of self-nature" by mentally examining our head and limbs in search of our own "I" and excluding them in turn as not having this "I", we can finally come to the conclusion that there is no "I".

    But this statement about "the absence of one's own nature" remains only knowledge obtained through intellectual analysis, and the true knowledge of "the absence of one's own nature" as such does not yet exist.

    And although we kindly talk about this very “lack of our own “I”, but if we happened to step on a thorn at that moment, we would probably immediately yell “oh-oh-oh!”

    It means that we are still subject to duality, and that "the absence of self," so loudly proclaimed by our lips, has not yet become for us a really experienced state. Therefore, the presence of awareness, which is the basis of the method of self-liberation in everyday behavior, must be considered extremely important.

    In accordance with the various aspects of conduct, to which great importance has always been attached, various rules have arisen, established under the influence of the prevailing external conditions at a given time - religious rules and legal laws.

    However, there is a huge difference between following the rules by force and through awareness. Since all people are usually conditioned by karma, passions and duality, very few follow the rules and laws consciously. Therefore, whether people want it or not, they are forced to obey a variety of rules and laws.

    We are already conditioned by karma, passions and duality. If we add to this the limitations resulting from the need to obey the rules and laws, then our burden becomes even heavier, and we, no doubt, move further away from the true "way of seeing" and the correct "way of conduct."

    If you understand the term "self-liberation" in the sense that you can do anything, then this is not true: it has absolutely nothing to do with what the principle of self-liberation implies, and to hold such an erroneous view would be to completely misunderstand the meaning of the word "mindfulness."

    But, I repeat, one should not forget the difference between the principle of laws and rules and the principle of awareness.

    Laws and rules are established under the influence of the circumstances of time and place, and they act by imposing conditions on a person by means of factors directed at him from the outside.

    Awareness is generated by the knowledge that the person himself possesses. Therefore, laws and rules sometimes correspond to the inner awareness of a person, and sometimes they do not.

    However, if a person has mindfulness, he can avoid a situation where it is required to enforce rules and laws. Moreover, a person who owns awareness and constantly maintains it is able to live in accordance with all the rules and laws in the world, so that they do not limit him in any way.

    Many Masters have said, "Hurry the horse of awareness with the whip of presence!" Indeed, if awareness is not spurred on by presence, it cannot function.

    Let's take an example of mindfulness: suppose a sane person has a bowl of poison in front of him and is aware of what it is. Adult and reasonable people, knowing what poison is, and realizing what will happen if it is taken, do not need explanations. But those who do not know that there is poison in the cup should be warned, saying something like this: "There is poison here, and drinking it is deadly." Thus, by generating awareness in other people, danger can be avoided. This is what we mean by awareness.

    But there are people who, knowing about the danger of poison, do not attach any importance to it or doubt: is this poison really deadly?

    There are people who are completely devoid of awareness. It is not enough for such people to simply say, "This is poison." They need to say this: "This liquid is forbidden to drink under pain of punishment under the law." Through such a threat, the law protects the lives of all these people.

    This is the principle on which the laws are based, and although they are very different from the principle of awareness, they are nevertheless indispensable as a means of saving the lives of people who act in ignorance and are devoid of awareness.

    We can now use the poison example again to show what is meant by presence.

    Even if the person in front of whom there is a bowl of poison has awareness and knows very well what can happen if he takes poison, but does not have a constant presence of attention to the fact that there is poison in the bowl, then he can be distracted and take a sip. Therefore, if awareness is not constantly accompanied by presence, then it is difficult to count on good consequences. That's what we mean by presence.

    There is a principle in the Mahayana that is of paramount importance. This unity of emptiness and compassion is the essence of the Mahayana teaching. But in reality, unless you have the awareness that is inextricably linked to constant presence, there is no way for true compassion to arise.

    There is a Tibetan proverb about this, which says: "You have eyes to see other people, but you need a mirror to see yourself!" What is meant here is that if you want to generate true compassion for others, you must first look at your own shortcomings, be aware of them, and mentally put yourself in other people's shoes in order to truly discover what their real situation is. The only way to be successful at this is to have the presence of awareness.

    Otherwise, even if a person claims to have great compassion, sooner or later he will find himself in a situation that will show that there is no compassion at all.

    It is impossible to overcome one's limitations and obstacles until pure compassion arises.

    It happens that many practitioners, as they advance in practice, go so far as to imagine themselves as "deities" and all others as "evil spirits." In doing so, they only increase their own limitations, developing attachment to themselves and hatred of others.

    Although they talk a lot about Mahamudra*8 and Dzogchen, in reality they are only becoming more knowledgeable and sophisticated in the manner of behavior characteristic of the eight worldly dharmas*9. This is a sure sign that true compassion has not yet arisen, and the reason is that the presence of awareness has never really arisen in them.

    Therefore, without idle talk or trying to hide behind a beautiful facade, one should sincerely and truly strive for the true presence of awareness to arise in you, and then put it into practice. This is the most important thing in the practice of Dzogchen.

    Dzogchen practitioner Namkhai Norbu dedicated this book to his students, members of the Dzogchen Community.

    3. Padmasambhava, who lived around the 8th century. n. e., - one of the main Teachers of Tantra. Traditionally considered one of the first Masters who introduced Tantric Buddhism to Tibet. He is also considered one of the main teachers of the spiritual tradition of Atiyoga, or Dzogchen.

    4. This refers to the very complex practices that are characteristic of Anuttara Tantra, the path that involves the transformation of the five skandhas of a person into the energy-wisdom of Realization. The "generation stage" (bskyed rim) involves complex visualization techniques, mantra recitation and the use of symbolic gestures - mudras. In the "completion stage" (rdzogs rim), through internal concentration on the channels (nadis) and chakras, the goal of bringing the practitioner into a state of contemplation is achieved.

    5. "Prajnaparamita Sutra" is one of the main sutras of Mahayana, "Great or Great Vehicle. This sutra explains the Doctrine of emptiness (shunyata), which demonstrates the absence of the inner essence or own nature of all phenomena.

    6. The first three are the fundamental components of the explanation of the Dzogchen teaching. The "image of seeing" (lta ba) involves acquiring knowledge of one's own real state. "Meditation" (sgom pa) is the experience of the natural state of the mind; and "behaviour" (spyod pa) is the application of such knowledge in everyday life. Besides these three aspects, there is the "Fruit" (bras bu), or the complete realization of the state beyond duality.

    7. Tantra in Dzogchen means the root Teachings transmitted directly from the dimension of Dharmakaya, the essential state of all realized beings. Agama (lung) refers to the Teachings transmitted through the manifestation of Sambhogakaya, where Sambhogakaya is a dimension of the Clear Light of human energy. Upadesha (man ngag) refers to the more detailed Teachings received by the Masters through direct experience.

    8. Mahamudra (phyag rgya chen po) is the end point of Anuttara Tantra practices, the state in which the practitioner no longer feels any difference between contemplation and everything that arises in ordinary daily life. In this sense, it corresponds to the state of Dzogchen, although the ways to achieve them are different. The teachings of Mahamudra, originally transmitted by the Indian Siddhas, later spread widely in Tibet, mainly in the Buddhist Kagyudpa school.

    9. The eight worldly dharmas (jig rten chos brgyad) are: gain and loss, fame and shame, praise and blasphemy, happiness and suffering.

    Last edited by a moderator: 16 Sep 2016