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One of the world-wide known museums is the Hermitage. The word "Hermitage" means "a place of solitude". This name was given in the XVIII century by Catherine P to her private museum housed in a small building adjacent to the Winter Palace and accessible only to the chosen few.

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In the course of time, the Hermitage grew into one of the greatest museums of the world. At the present, the collections take up five interconnected buildings. The museum retains its old name. The accumulation of artefacts let to the formation of new departments devoted to the culture and art of the Peoples of the East, of the Prehistoric culture, and of the Russian culture. Three other departments are those of Western European art, classical antiquities and numismatics.

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One of the rooms that impressed visitor the most is St. George Hall. The interior of the room is considered by experts to be a perfect example of the Classical Style. The room covers about 800 square meters, but does not seem enormous due to perfect proportions. It is decorated in the whitest marble and gilded bronze. The Throne Hall was used for column assemblies. Members of the Tzar "s family, when coming of age, took their oaths here.

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The Leonardo da Vinci Hall is one of the most gorgeous interiors. The hall is decorated in the style of 17 century French Baroque. The Hermitage possesses two, out of 12 or 14 works surviving from Leonardo.

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"Madonna Benua"

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"Madonna Litta"

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The Rembrandt collection is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum. It members 24 canvases.

The Return of the Prodigal Son

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"The Holy Family"

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The Malachite Room reflects the style of 1889. The columns, pilasters, and floorlamps are veneered with thin plaques of rich green malachite. About two tons of malachite were used in decoration of the room.

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The British museum.

The British Museum, in London, is widely considered to be one of the world "s greatest museums of human history and culture. Its permanent collection, numbering some eight million works, is amongst the finest, most comprehensive, and largest in existence and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present. The British Museum, London is one of the largest museums in the world, of human history and culture. The largest collection of the museum, containing approximately eight million works, is the most beautiful, exhaustive, and the largest of all, originating from all continents, illustrating and documenting the history of human culture from its beginning to the present day.

The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753). During the course of his lifetime Sloane gathered an enviable collection of curiosities and, not wishing to see his collection broken up after death, he bequeathed it to King George II, for the nation. At that time, Sloane "s collection consisted of around 71,000 objects of all kinds including some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens including 337 volumes of dried plants, prints and drawings including those by Albrecht Dürer and antiquities from Egypt, Greece , Rome, the Ancient Near and Far East and the Americas. The museum first opened to the public on 15 January 1759 in Montagu House in Bloomsbury, on the site of the current museum building. The British Museum was established in 1753 and largely founded on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloan (1660–1753). Throughout his life, Sloane collected an enviable collection of rarities and, not wanting to see the collection broken after his death, he bequeathed it to King George II and the state. At that time, Sloane's collection consisted of approximately 71,000 different objects, including approximately 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive specimens of stuffed animals, birds, and 337 herbaria, pe printed editions of works of art of Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, products of medieval masters of Europe and Asia, collections of coins and medals, drawings, prints, ethnographic collections. In December 1753, an Act of Parliament was passed establishing the British Museum, and on January 15, 1759, the museum received its first visitors to Montague House in Bloomsbury.

The British Library The British Museum Reading Room, situated in the center of the Great Court of the British Museum, used to be the main reading room of the British Library. Antonio Panizzi, the Keeper of Printed Books, had the idea of \u200b\u200bconstructing a round room in the empty central courtyard of the Museum building. With a design by Sydney Smirke, work on the Reading Room began in 1854. Three years later it was completed. A number of bookstacks were built surrounding the new Reading Room. They were made of iron to take the weight of the books and protect them against fire. In all they contained three miles (4.8 kilometres) of bookcases and twenty-five miles (forty kilometers) of shelves. The Reading Room "s domed roof is metal framed in segments, and the surface that makes up the ceiling is a type of papier-mâché. The British Museum Reading Room is the main hall of the British Library and is located in the center of the Great Courtyard of the British Museum. in the empty central courtyard of the Museum building was the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Curator of the Printed Books - Antonio Panizzi and the designer Sidney Smirk.Work on the Reading Room began in 1854 and was completed three years later.The Reading Room is surrounded by many book shelves made of iron to support the weight books and protects them from fire.There are three miles (4.8 kilometers) of bookcases and twenty-five miles (forty kilometers) of shelves.The domed roof of the Reading Room is metal and created in segments, the surface of which is made like papier-mâché.

Departments of the british museum. Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan 2. Department of Greece and Rome 3. Department of the Middle East 4. Department of Prints and Drawings (Department of Prints and Drawings) Drawings) 5. Department of Prehistory and Europe 6. Department of Asia 7. Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas 8. Department of Coins and Medals ( Department of Coins and Medals) 9. Department of Conservation and Scientific Research 10. Libraries and Archives (Libraries and Archives)

Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan The Rosetta Stone statue of Amenhotep III Bust of Ramessest II The British Museum houses the world "s largest and most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities, over 100,000 pieces, outside the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. A collection of immense importance for its range and quality, it includes objects of all periods from virtually every site of importance in Egypt and the Sudan. Together they illustrate every aspect of the cultures of the Nile Valley (including Nubia), from the Predynastic Neolithic period (c. 10,000 BC) through to the Coptic (Christian) times (12th century AD), a time-span over 11,000 years The British Museum houses the world's largest and most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities, over 100 000 objects, not counting the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.This collection of immense importance and quality includes objects from all periods and touches virtually every important place in Egypt and Sudan. Together they illustrate every aspect of the cultures of the Nile Valley (including Nubia) and span a span of over 11,000 years.

Department of Greece and Rome The British Museum has one of the world "s largest and most comprehensive collections of antiquities from the: the Greek collection includes important sculpture from the Parthenon in Athens, as well as elements of two of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the Temple of Artemis. The Department also houses one of the widest-ranging collections antiquities and extensive groups of material from Cyprus. The collections of ancient jewelery and bronzes, Greek vases and Roman glass and silver are particularly important The British Museum has one of the world's largest and most comprehensive collections of antiquities: the Greek collection includes an important sculpture from the Parthenon in Athens, elements of two sculptures from the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the Temple of Artemis. The Department also houses extensive groups of material from Cyprus, collections of ancient jewelry and bronze products, Greek European vases, Roman glass and silver of particular importance.

Today the Museum preserves its universality in its collections of artefacts representing the cultures of the world, ancient and modern. The original 1753 collection has grown to over thirteen million objects at the British Museum, 70 million at the Natural History Museum and 150 million at the British Library. As part of its very large website, the museum has the largest online database of objects in the collection of any museum in the world, with 2,000,000 individual object entries, 650,000 of them illustrated, online at the start of 2012. There is also a " Highlights "database with longer entries on over 4,000 objects, and several specialized online research catalogs and online journals The Museum today The Museum today retains its versatility in collections of artifacts representing the cultures of the world of ancient and modern people. The original 1753 collection has grown to over thirteen million items (70 million in the Natural History Museum and 150 million in the British Library). As part of a large website, the museum has the largest online database of objects (2,000,000 individual records and 650,000 of them illustrated by early 2012). There is also a Highlights database with older records for over 4,000 objects, and several specialized online catalogs and weblogs.

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History The British Museum was created in 1753 on the basis of three collections - the collection of the famous British physician and naturalist Hans Sloan, the collection of the Earl Robert Harley, and the library of the antiquary Robert Cotton, which became the basis of the British Library. The creation of the museum was approved by an act of the British Parliament.

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In the first half of the 20th century, the British Museum expanded its collections of Middle Eastern art through numerous excavations by British archaeologists in Mesopotamia. The section of Far Eastern art owes the most valuable part of its collection to A. Stein and P. David. Since 1926 the British Museum has been publishing the British Museum Quarterly. At the end of the 20th century, the interior was redeveloped according to the project of Norman Foster.

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Initially, one of the museum's main treasures was its library, the largest in the UK. Since the 1850s, the reading room of the British Museum was housed in a separate rotunda building where Karl Marx and V.I.Lenin worked. In the 20th century, the library received the oldest printed books and Buddhist manuscripts from Dunhuang, the Sinai Codex from Leningrad, and an exceptional collection of Hebraic texts. In 1972, the British Parliament decided to separate the library from the museum, placing it in a separate building. The British Library was born.

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Masterpieces Rosetta Stone The museum was originally conceived as a collection of antiquities from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Together with archaeological finds and art objects that were brought to London from all over the world by the colonial agents of the British Empire, the museum was replenished with drawings, engravings, medals, coins and books of various eras.

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The standard of war and peace from the Sumerian city of Ur one of the Ur harps and the board game of the Ur king "Sheep in the thicket" - paired statuettes of 4500 years ago the prism of Sinacherib, the cylinder of Nabonidus and the cylinder of Cyrus a cup from Ringlemere cape from Molda man from Lindow tablets from Windoland casket Franks materials excavated at Sutton Hoo chess from the Isle of Lewis Charles V gold cup Reliquary for the Crown of Thorns numerous Anglo-Saxon treasures

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History

The British Museum was created in 1753 on the basis of three collections - the collection of the famous British physician and naturalist Hans Sloan, the collection of the Earl Robert Harley, and the library of the antiquary Robert Cotton, which became the basis of the British Library. The creation of the museum was approved by an act of the British Parliament.

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In the first half of the 20th century, the British Museum expanded its collections of Middle Eastern art through numerous excavations by British archaeologists in Mesopotamia. The section of Far Eastern art owes the most valuable part of its collection to A. Stein and P. David. Since 1926 the British Museum has been publishing the British Museum Quarterly. At the end of the 20th century, the interior was redeveloped according to the project of Norman Foster.

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Initially, one of the museum's main treasures was its library, the largest in the UK. Since the 1850s, the reading room of the British Museum was housed in a separate rotunda building where Karl Marx and V.I.Lenin worked. In the 20th century, the library received the oldest printed books and Buddhist manuscripts from Dunhuang, the Sinai Codex from Leningrad, and an exceptional collection of Hebraic texts. In 1972, the British Parliament decided to separate the library from the museum, placing it in a separate building. The British Library was born. Library

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Masterpieces

Rosetta Stone The museum was originally conceived as a collection of antiquities from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Along with archaeological finds and art objects that were brought to London from all over the world by the colonial agents of the British Empire, the museum was replenished with drawings, engravings, medals, coins and books of various eras.

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Pearls of the collection The standard of war and peace from the Sumerian city of Ur one of the Ur harps and the board game of the Ur king "Sheep in the thicket" - paired statuettes of 4500 years ago the prism of Sinaherib, the cylinder of Nabonidus and the cylinder of Cyrus a cup from Ringlemere drape from Molda man from Lindow tablets from Vindolands casket of Franks excavation materials at Sutton Hoo chess from the Isle of Lewis Charles V gold cup Reliquary for the Crown of Thorns numerous Anglo-Saxon treasures

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