The path of prince andrei Bolkonsky's moral quest. Presentation - the path of ideological and moral searches of prince andrei Bolkonsky The path of finding a place in life by Pierre Bezukhov

The image of Andrei Bolkonsky is one of the most complex images in the novel "War and Peace". At first, as conceived by Tolstoy, it was just a "brilliant young man" killed in the Battle of Austerlitz, then he became the son of old Bolkonsky, then the image acquired even greater independence and depth.

Let's try to analyze the character of the hero. The type of Andrei Bolkonsky is the type of a rational, rational person, prone to constant introspection. He is endowed with an extraordinary mind, sharp and ironic, brilliant memory, strong will. Pierre was always amazed at Prince Andrew's erudition, his extraordinary memory, ability to work and study. Bolkonsky's lack of inclination to dreamy philosophizing also amazed Pierre, but in this he saw the strength of Prince Andrei, and not weakness.

Indeed, as N.K. Hudziy, in terms of inner composure, organization, clear discipline, strong will, the character of Bolkonsky contrasts with the character of Pierre Bezukhov. However, "the very intensity of his [Prince Andrew's] thought is the result of a large, albeit hidden temperament, outwardly constrained by the inner discipline and endurance of a person who knows how to control his mental movements."

A distinctive feature of Prince Andrey is energy, striving for vigorous activity. He is young and ambitious, dreams of exploits and glory. The idol of Bolkonsky during this period is Napoleon. And Prince Andrew goes to the army, where he can prove himself, realize his ambitious thoughts.

On the eve of the Battle of Austerlitz, Bolkonsky is completely at the mercy of his dreams. It seems to him how he “firmly and clearly speaks his opinion to Kutuzov and Weyrother, and to the emperors”, how everyone is amazed by the “loyalty of his reasoning, but no one undertakes to fulfill it, and so he takes a regiment, a division ... and one wins victory ". Here, in the consciousness of the hero, a dispute between two inner voices begins.

Another inner voice objects to Prince Andrew, reminding him of death and suffering. But the first voice drowns out these unpleasant thoughts for him: “Death, wounds, loss of family, nothing is scary to me. And no matter how dear and dear to me many people - father, sister, wife - are the most dear to me people - but, no matter how terrible and unnatural it seems, I will give them all now for a minute of glory, triumph over people, for self-love of people I don't know ... ".

As GB Kurlyandskaya notes, the presence of two voices in the hero's inner monologue testifies to the duality and contradictoriness of Bolkonsky. And Tolstoy pointed out this inconsistency almost from the first pages of the novel.

Emphasizing unconditional dignity in the hero, the writer endows Prince Andrey with a number of repulsive features. Intolerance, claims to his own exclusiveness, a sense of contempt and disgust in relation to others, aristocratic pride often give rise to a feeling of superiority over people.

Bolkonsky feels superiority, mixed with contempt, towards his wife, staff officers and soldiers, and the salon aristocracy. He feels a sense of superiority even when communicating with Pierre, although, it would seem, he sincerely loves a friend. Let us recall their conversation when Pierre, blushing, says that he is an illegitimate son. “Prince Andrew looked at him with kind eyes. But in his look, friendly, affectionate, the consciousness of his superiority was still expressed. "

Elsewhere, Tolstoy directly writes that Bolkonsky "considered a huge number of people despicable and insignificant creatures." This constant feeling of superiority over people, fueled by the real abilities of the hero, as well as his mentality and peculiarities of his worldview, contributed to the development of individualistic sentiments in Bolkonsky.

In the Battle of Austerlitz, Prince Andrew's ambitious dreams of his "Toulon" are shattered, barely having time to come true. Bolkonsky manages to prevent the panic that gripped the troops and to raise the battalion to attack, when, with the regimental banner in his hands, he rushes forward, urging the soldiers to attack.

However, in this battle, Prince Andrew is seriously wounded, and life opens up to him in a completely different way. Bleeding out on the Austerlitz field, Bolkonsky suddenly realizes how empty, shallow and insignificant all his previous desires are. Dreams of glory, heroic deeds, love of others, Napoleon's genius - everything seems to him vain, far from the true meaning of life, "enclosed in a huge, endless sky" that he sees in front of him.

“How quietly, calmly and solemnly, not at all the way I ran,” thought Prince Andrey, “not the way we ran, shouted and fought; not at all like the Frenchman and the artilleryman with embittered and frightened faces dragged from each other - the clouds crawl across this high endless sky not at all. How then have I not seen this high sky before? And how happy I am that I finally got to know him. " In the life of the hero, a kind of "coup" takes place, drastically changing his fate.

Realizing the pettiness of ambitious thoughts, Prince Andrew goes into private life. He decides not to serve either in the army or in the civilian service, in his soul - "cooling to life", in his thoughts - skepticism and disbelief, in his feelings - indifference and indifference.

Bolkonsky begins to live for his family, raising Nikolenka after Liza's death. However, "a simple life is given to him with suffering, its secret depth and significance is not open to him." And the reason for this is not only the feeling of one's own exclusiveness, which is invariably present in Bolkonsky, but also the special inner complexity of Prince Andrei, which is conveyed by Tolstoy through the correlation of the hero's worldview with the image of the distant, endless, blue sky.

As S.G. Bocharov notes, the image of the sky here contains a lot - here is greatness, and eternity, and striving for the ideal, and coldness, lifelessness. The flip side of Bolkonsky's strictness, exactingness and intolerance is the hero's striving for the "heavenly" ideal, the thirst to find such an ideal in earthly life, the thirst for perfection and correctness in everything. Bolkonsky, according to the researcher, cannot combine the "heavenly" and the "earthly" in his soul, cannot come to terms with even the slightest deviation from the "ideal". The gross reality often offends the idealist-lofty perception of Prince Andrew. Therefore, an underlying motive of death arises here - Bolkonsky is "too good" for earthly life.

And the "post-Austerlitz state" of the hero is entirely consistent with the "heavenly coldness and detachment." Pierre, who arrived in Bogucharovo, is amazed at the indifference and skepticism of Prince Andrey, his extinct gaze. Bezukhov enthusiastically tells a friend about the transformations he carried out on the estates, but Prince Andrey is skeptical about the need for these innovations. The fate of the peasants does not bother him: “If they are beaten, flogged and sent to Siberia, then I think that this does not make them any worse. In Siberia, he leads his same beastly life, and the scars on his body will heal, and he is as happy as he was before. "

Bolkonsky proves to Pierre that you need to live for yourself, without thinking about the global problems of being. Pierre, on the other hand, convinces his friend of the necessity of “life for all”. But such a life brought Prince Andrey only bitterness and disappointment: desiring feat, glory and love of those around him, he lost faith in himself, in the effectiveness, significance of any activity. “I know only two real misfortunes in life: remorse and illness. And happiness is only the absence of these two evils, ”says Bolkonsky to Pieru.

Pierre believes that a friend's mental crisis is a temporary state, that the momentary convictions of Prince Andrew are far from the truth that exists in the world regardless of all human delusions. “... There is truth and there is virtue; and man's highest happiness is to strive to attain them. We must live, we must love, we must believe ... that we do not live only on this piece of land today, but that we have lived and will live forever ... "- he convinces Bolkonsky.

Pierre's words inspire Prince Andrei, "something that has long since fallen asleep, something better and joyful" awakens in his soul. The hero's return to life is also helped by his trip to Otradnoye. Here he meets Natasha Rostova, accidentally hears her night conversation with Sonya. As V. Ermilov notes, Natasha, by her very existence, "by the fullness, the abundance of the life force concentrated in her," calls Bolkonsky to life. It was after the night conversation he had heard in his soul that "an unexpected confusion of young thoughts and hopes" woke up; the renewed, transformed oak, which reminded of old age, now evokes in the soul of Prince Andrey “an unreasonable springtime feeling of joy”, a thirst for activity and love.

However, here again the motive of the hero's alienation from life arises. He does not even try to get to know Natasha, who is destined to play a key role in the fate of Bolkonsky, - this is how the writer emphasizes that “life goes on independently of Andrei Bolkonsky, by itself; she, life, does not care about the retired, fenced off from her Prince Andrew. "

And this motive of alienation from life, I think, is connected with the failed happiness of Bolkonsky, with his unhappy love. According to Tolstoy, only that person is worthy of happiness, in whom there is for this the necessary will to live, love for her, acceptance of her. Everything that gives a feeling of fullness of life and the natural joy of human existence.

In Bolkonsky, all his unconscious impulses for life cannot restore the harmonious balance of personal perception and the real, prosaic world around him. Therefore, the Feelings of the hero here are nothing more than one of his impulses.

After a trip to Otradnoye, Prince Andrei regains the desire to "live with everyone," the lost energy is revived in him, interest in social activities awakens. He travels to St. Petersburg to take part in the ongoing reforms in Russia. His hero this time is Speransky. Having become a member of the commission for drawing up military regulations, Prince Andrei experiences in St. Petersburg "a feeling similar to that which he experienced on the eve of the battle, when he was tormented by restless curiosity and irresistibly drawn to the higher spheres." Speransky seems to him the ideal of "a completely reasonable and virtuous person", he feels for him "a passionate sense of admiration that he once felt for Bonaparte."

However, admiring Speransky's extraordinary mindset, his energy and perseverance, Prince Andrei is at the same time unpleasantly struck by his cold, mirrored gaze, which does not let him into his soul, and the too great contempt for people that he noticed in this man.

At a dinner at the Speranskys' home, Prince Andrei finally becomes disillusioned with his idol. At home, a person is most natural - for Bolkonsky, all the gestures, postures, and speeches of Speransky seem to be made and feigned. The subtle sound of Speransky's voice unpleasantly amazes Prince Andrey. And again the hero is visited by thoughts about the insignificance of what is happening, he recalls his troubles, searches, the formalism of meetings, where "everything that concerned the essence of the matter was carefully and briefly circumvented." Realizing the futility of this work, the bureaucracy of officials, and most importantly, feeling that work cannot make him happier and better, Prince Andrei leaves the civil service.

In St. Petersburg, Bolkonsky again meets with Natasha Rostova, and this chance meeting at the ball becomes fateful. “Prince Andrey, like all people who grew up in the world, loved to meet in the world that which did not have a common secular imprint. And such was Natasha, with her surprise, joy, and shyness, and even mistakes in the French language. " In Natasha, he is unconsciously attracted by what is not in himself - simplicity, fullness of life, acceptance of it, immediacy of perception and enormous inner freedom. He feels in Natasha "the presence of a completely alien to him, a special world, filled with some joys unknown to him ..."

Bolkonsky himself has never been internally free - he is bound by social rules, moral norms, dogmas accepted by the soul, by his idealistic requirements for people and life. Therefore, love for Natasha is the strongest of all the feelings experienced by the hero. This is his biggest impulse to life. However, Bolkonsky's happiness was not destined to take place: Natasha unexpectedly became carried away by Anatoly Kuragin and broke off her relationship with Prince Andrei.

And Bolkonsky again goes to military service. Now this service for him is salvation from personal misfortune, a desire to forget himself in the circle of new people and deeds. "Everything that connected his memory with the past repulsed him, and therefore he tried in relation to this former world only not to be unjust and to fulfill his duty."

But the same sense of duty does not allow him to remain indifferent to great, grandiose events. The French invasion of Russia for Bolkonsky is exactly the same misfortune as the death of his father, as well as the break with Natasha. Prince Andrew sees his duty to defend his homeland.

Before the Battle of Borodino, he talks with Pierre, who has arrived on the battlefield. Bolkonsky no longer believes in military genius and in the rational will of an individual. His faith now lies in the "popular feeling", that "latent warmth of patriotism" that unites all Russian soldiers and gives them confidence in victory. "Tomorrow, whatever it is, we will win the battle!" He says to Pierre.

In battle, Prince Andrey is seriously wounded, after which he is operated on. Here the hero again feels the proximity of death, and only now there is a turning point in his worldview. After suffering suffering, he feels "bliss that he has not experienced for a long time." His heart is filled with a previously unknown feeling of Christian love. He feels pity and compassion upon seeing the wounded Anatole lying next to him. "Compassion, love for brothers, for those who love, hating us, love for enemies - yes, that love that God preached on earth ..." - all this suddenly opens up to Prince Andrey.

However, universal, compassionate love begins to fight in the dying Bolkonsky with love for Natasha, when they meet in Mytishchi, with love that binds him to life. And the first love wins - together with it, Prince Andrew "refuses" life, dies. Thus, Tolstoy in the novel contrasts life and Christian, forgiving love.

Thus, the whole life of Andrei Bolkonsky was imbued with the desire for an unattainable ideal. Forgiveness and compassion are such an ideal for him. Having acquired a new perception of the world, he overcomes the mental limitations of individualism and intolerance. He dies, having achieved harmony, if not with life, then at least with himself.

There are two very similar concepts - morality and ethics. Morality is following certain rules that exist in society, and morality is the basis of morality. For many people, understanding the correctness of their actions and thoughts is based on kindness, spirituality, honesty, respect for oneself and others, these are the very concepts of morality on which the morality of society rests. Throughout the story, as life circumstances change, the moral quest of Andrei Bolkonsky in the novel "War and Peace" reflects his views on the world and the events around him at a given, specific moment in time.

But under any circumstances, Andrei Bolkonsky retains his main life core - he always remains an honest and decent person. For him, the main principles always remain, which are based on respect for worthy, from his point of view, people.

Changing views on the life of Andrei Bolkonsky

At the beginning of the novel, Prince Andrei suffers from the life he lives, it seems to him that everything that surrounds him is deceitful and false through and through. He is eager for war, dreams of exploits, of his Toulon. About the glory and love of people. And here everything is nauseous and disgusting to him. "Living rooms, gossip, balls, vanity, insignificance - this is a vicious circle from which I cannot leave" - says Bolkonsky to Pierre, answering the question why he goes to war.

The fact that his young wife is expecting a child not only does not stop him, on the contrary, the princess annoys him with her coquetry, her usual chatter in drawing rooms. “Of all the faces that bored him, the face of his pretty wife seemed to bore him the most,” Tolstoy writes about Bolkonsky at the beginning of the novel.

The path of spiritual searches of Andrei Bolkonsky begins with the thought that real life is in war, the main thing in this world is not family quiet comfort, but military exploits in the name of glory, for the sake of human love, for the sake of the Fatherland.

Once in the war, he gladly serves as an adjutant to Kutuzov. “In the expression on his face, in his movements, in his gait, there was almost no sign of the old pretense, fatigue and laziness; he had the appearance of a man who has no time to think about the impression he makes on others, and is busy with a pleasant and interesting business. His face expressed more satisfaction with himself and those around him; his smile and look were more cheerful and attractive. "

Bolkonsky, before the decisive battle, reflects on the future: "Yes, very possibly, they will kill tomorrow," he thought. And suddenly, at the thought of death, a whole series of memories, the most distant and most soulful, arose in his imagination; he recalled the last farewell to his father and wife; he remembered the first days of his love for her; remembered her pregnancy, and he felt sorry for both her and himself ... “Yes, tomorrow, tomorrow!

He thought. - Tomorrow, maybe everything will be over for me, all these memories will no longer be, all these memories will no longer make any sense to me. Tomorrow, maybe - even probably tomorrow, I anticipate it, for the first time I will have to finally show everything that I can do. "

He strives for fame, for fame: “... I want fame, I want to be known to people, I want to be loved by them, then it’s not my fault that I want this, that I want this alone, I live for this alone. Yes, for this one! I will never tell anyone this, but my God! what am I to do if I love nothing but glory, human love. Death, wounds, loss of family, nothing scares me. And no matter how dear or dear to me many people - father, sister, wife - are the people most dear to me - but, no matter how terrible and unnatural it seems, I will give them all now for a minute of glory, triumph over people, for love to myself people whom I do not know and will not know, for the love of these people "

As if in mockery, in response to lofty arguments about what at the moment seems to Andrey to be the most important thing in life, Tolstoy immediately inserts a stupid joke of soldiers who are not at all interested in the prince's lofty reflections:
"Titus, and Titus?"
- Well, - answered the old man.
“Titus, go thresh,” said the joker.
- Ugh, well, go to hell, - a voice was heard, covered with laughter of orderlies and servants.

But even this does not knock Bolkonsky off his heroic mood: "And yet I love and value only the triumph over all of them, I treasure this mysterious power and glory that is hovering over me here in this fog!" He thinks.

Bolkonsky dreams of exploits, and, unlike Nikolai Rostov, does not flee from the battlefield, on the contrary, the prince raises the retreating troops into the attack. And he is seriously injured.

This is where the first turning point occurs in the consciousness of Bolkonsky, suddenly what seemed absolutely right becomes completely unnecessary and even superfluous in his life. Lying wounded under the sky of Austerlitz, Prince Andrei clearly realizes that the main thing is not to die heroically in the war, in order to earn the love of completely strangers who do not care about you at all! “How then have I not seen this high sky before? And how happy I am that I finally got to know him. Yes! everything is empty, everything is deception, except this endless sky. Nothing, nothing but him. But even that is not even there, there is nothing but silence, reassurance. And thank God!.."

Even at the moment when Napoleon, his hero, approached him ... at that moment Napoleon seemed to him such a small, insignificant person in comparison with what was happening now between his soul and this high, endless sky with clouds running over it. He was absolutely all the same at that moment, whoever stood over him, whatever said about him; he was glad ... that these people would help him and bring him back to life, which seemed so beautiful to him, because he understood it differently now. "

And now Napoleon with his ambitious plans seems to the prince an insignificant being who does not understand the true meaning of life. “At that moment all the interests that occupied Napoleon seemed so insignificant to him, his hero himself seemed so petty to him, with this petty vanity and joy of victory, in comparison with that high, fair and kind sky that he saw and understood ... Looking into his eyes Napoleon, Prince Andrew thought about the insignificance of greatness, about the insignificance of life, which no one could understand the meaning, and about the even greater insignificance of death, the meaning of which no one could understand and explain from the living. "

Delirious, unaware, Bolkonsky dreams of a family, a father, a sister, and even a wife and a small child who should soon be born - it was these "dreams ... that formed the main basis of his feverish ideas." For him suddenly became the main "Quiet life and calm family happiness in the Bald Mountains ...".

And when he returned to his family estate, having managed to find his wife in the last minutes of his life, "... something came off in his soul that he was guilty of guilt, which he could not correct and forget." The birth of a son, the death of his wife, all the events that happened to Prince Andrew during the war turned his attitude towards life upside down. Bolkonsky even made the decision never to serve in the army again, the main thing for him now is taking care of his little son, who needs him. "Yes, this is the only thing left for me now," thinks the prince.

Moral searches of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov

Everything that concerns the stormy social life that his father leads, what happens in the army seems boring and uninteresting, all this only annoys Bolkonsky. Even the fact that, while reading a letter from Bilibin, Prince Andrei suddenly wakes up interest in what he has written, even this interest angers him, because he does not want to take part in this alien, "local" life.

Pierre's arrival, conversations and disputes about what is better: to do good to people, as Bezukhov claims, or not to do evil, as Bolkonsky believes, these events seem to awaken the prince from sleep. This philosophical dispute reflects the moral searches of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov in a difficult period of life for both of them.

They are both, each in their own way, right. Each of them is looking for his place in life, and each for himself wants to understand how to live in accordance with the concepts of honor and dignity. This dispute becomes another turning point in the life of Prince Andrew. Unexpectedly for him, "the meeting with Pierre was ... an era from which, although in appearance and the same, but in the inner world, his new life began."

During this period of his life, Bolkonsky compares himself to an old gnarled oak tree that does not want to obey spring and blossom, "Spring, and love, and happiness!" - as if this oak spoke, - “and how you don’t get tired of the same stupid and senseless deception. Everything is the same, and everything is deception! "

Looking at this tree, Prince Andrew convinces himself "that he did not need to start anything, that he should live out his life without doing evil, without worrying and not wanting anything."

But the whole point is that he has to convince himself of this, in the depths of his soul, not yet fully realizing, he is ready for new metamorphoses. To the fact that it will overturn his soul and stir up a dormant expectation of joy and love in it.

It is at this moment that he meets Natasha Rostova, falls in love with her and suddenly discovers that in fact he can be happy and can love, and even an old oak tree confirms his thoughts: greenery, melted, swaying slightly in the rays of the evening sun. No gnarled fingers, no sores, no old mistrust and grief - nothing was visible. "

Everything that was good in his life comes to his mind, and these thoughts lead him to the conclusion that in fact: "life is not over at 31 years old." Love, not yet fully realized, finally returns Bolkonsky to activity.

But in life everything always changes, and the relationship between Prince Andrey and Natasha will also change. Her fatal mistake will lead to a break with Bolkonsky and to the fact that he will again lose faith in life.

Not wanting to understand and forgive Natasha, the prince will go to war, and there, having come under fire and being mortally wounded, Bolkonsky will nevertheless come to understand that the main thing in life is love and forgiveness.

Conclusion

So what is morality in the understanding of Prince Bolkonsky in the novel "War and Peace"? This is honor and dignity, this is love for a family, for a woman, for people.

But, often, in order to realize and derive the final verdict for himself, a person goes through serious trials. Thanks to these tests, thinking people develop and grow spiritually and morally. In my essay on the theme "The moral quest of Andrei Bolkonsky" I wanted to show that for Prince Andrei the concept of morality is the basis of life, the very core on which his inner world rests.

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"The moral quest of Andrei Bolkonsky (based on the novel by Leo Tolstoy" War and Peace ")"

If you closely follow the fate of the main characters of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", then we can say with confidence: each of them experienced a significant evolution of their views on life. One example is the absolute change in the worldview of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. We first meet him at a reception with Anna Pavlovna Sherer. There, all the conversations in one way or another revolve around the personalities of Napoleon Bonaparte. Moreover, the members of the circle talk about Napoleon as if he were a frequent visitor to the salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherer: they tell various funny stories about him and present him as a well-known, even close, person. Andrei Bolkonsky has a completely different perception of Napoleon's personality, so the salon conversations irritate him insanely. For him, Napoleon is an exceptional person. Prince Andrey is afraid of his genius, who may “prove to be stronger than all the courage of the Russian troops,” and at the same time fears “shame for his hero”. With all his being, Bolkonsky rushes in pursuit of the ideal associated with the victorious career of Napoleon. As soon as Prince Andrey learns that the Russian army is in distress, he decides that it is he who is destined to save it and that “here he is, that Toulon, who will lead him out of the ranks of unknown officers and will open the first path to glory for him” ... However, fate decreed otherwise. She gave him the opportunity to see her idol, but at the same time showed all the insignificance of his search for earthly glory. Looking at the high Austerlitz sky, the wounded Prince Andrei says to himself: “Yes, I knew nothing, I didn’t know anything until now.” And when Napoleon approaches him - Napoleon Bonaparte himself, his recent idol - who, mistaking him for a murdered man, utters a pompous phrase: “Here is a wonderful death!”, For Bolkonsky, this praise is like the buzzing of a fly. Napoleon seems to him small and insignificant in comparison with what was revealed to his consciousness in those minutes. Overcoming the "Napoleonic" ideal is one of the stages in the evolution of Andrei Bolkonsky's personality. However, when a person loses old ideals and does not acquire "new ones, an emptiness forms in his soul. So Prince Andrei, after the overthrow of Napoleon from the pedestal and abandoning his previous dreams of glory, began a painful search for the meaning of life. He frightens Pierre Bezukhov with his gloomy thoughts caused precisely by the absence of this meaning. Prince Andrey no longer wants to serve in the army: "After Austerlitz! .. No, thank you, I gave myself my word that I will not serve in the active Russian army." He does not approve of Pierre's ideas about the emancipation of the peasants, believing that it would not benefit them. Having ceased to live for the sake of glory, Prince Andrew tries to live for himself. But such a philosophy only fills his soul with confusion. The mood of Prince Andrey is acutely felt at the moment when, on the way to Otradnoye, he sees a huge old oak tree. This oak "did not want to submit to the charm of spring and did not want to see either spring or the sun." Bolkonsky, as it were, is trying to ascribe to the oak the thoughts that overwhelm him: "Spring, love and happiness! .. And how can you not get tired of the same stupid, senseless deception!" This moment seems to be the highest, critical point of Prince Andrey's mental torment. But fate again presents him with a surprise - a small episode that radically changes his whole life. This is the first meeting with Natasha Rostova in Otradnoye. It's not even so much a meeting as just an overheard conversation between her and her friend, a light touch to her inner world. This contributed to the fact that "in his soul suddenly arose ... an unexpected confusion of young thoughts and hopes, contrary to his whole life." Returning home the next day, Prince Andrey again saw an oak tree that had made such a gloomy impression on him the day before. Bolkonsky did not immediately recognize him: “The old oak, all transformed, stretched out like a tent of luscious, dark greenery, was thrilling, slightly swaying in the rays of the evening sun”. At that moment, Prince Andrey realized that life was not over, and it was necessary to make sure that it flowed not for him alone, but reflected on everyone. He had an urgent need to take an active part in life. This was followed by the fascination of Prince Andrei with the personality of Speransky. He met Speransky at the moment when the latter's fame reached its climax. It was a kind of "double" of Napoleon - not only in the strength of the impression, but even in appearance and character traits. However, the recollection of Austerlitz did not allow Prince Andrei to create another idol for himself, despite all the admiration that Speransky aroused in him. Thus, Prince Andrew finally overcame the influence of Napoleon's personality. When the war of 1812 began, Bolkonsky seemed to have forgotten that he no longer wanted to serve in the Russian army. He went to war this time not in search of glory, but with the only desire to share the fate of his people. There was not even a shadow of his former arrogance in him, he changed his attitude towards the peasants, and they paid him with love and trust, calling him “our prince”. After the Battle of Borodino, mortally wounded Prince Andrei is taken to the hospital and there he suddenly recognizes one of the wounded as Anatol Kuragin. In the plot of the novel, their meeting is no less important than Bolkonsky's meeting with Napoleon on the Austerlitz field, since these are links in the same chain - the spiritual renewal of the hero who comprehends the meaning of life. In the Ana-tolya camp hospital, they cut a shattered leg, and Bolkonsky at this time is tormented not so much by a physical wound as by a spiritual wound. The contrast arising from the juxtaposition of the physical and the spiritual characterizes both Anatole and Prince Andrei very accurately. Anatole, in fact, is already dead as a person, and Bolkonsky retained his spirituality. He plunged into memories "from the world of children, pure and love." At this moment, the experiences of a child and a dying person were combined in his mind. And in such a combination, Bolkonsky felt an ideal state of mind. It was a moment. But at that moment, by exerting physical and spiritual forces, the hero brought together all the best qualities of his nature. He remembered Natasha at the ball in 1810, because it was at that time that he, perhaps, for the first time felt in himself with extraordinary clarity the power of "natural" life. And now his love for Natasha made him color everything around him with this lively feeling and forgive Anatoly Kuragin. The dying Bolkonsky demonstrates the victory of the natural principle in him. Death for Prince Andrew in his new state is devoid of horror and tragedy, since the transition “there” is as natural as the arrival of a person from nothingness into the world. The scene in the hospital is followed by a description of the results of the Battle of Borodino. The triumph of the spirit of Prince Bolkonsky and the triumph of the spirit of the Russian people echo each other. In this way, “people's thought” is organically embodied in the image of Prince Andrei. It is no coincidence that Pierre compares Bolkonsky with Platon Karataev. Before his death, Prince Andrei comes exactly to the Karataev worldview. The only difference is that Prince Andrew was not given this understanding of life and death by nature, but was the result of intense work of thought. However, Tolstoy is closer to those heroes for whom this philosophy is natural, that is, it lives in them by itself and they do not even think about it. Such is, for example, Natasha, who lives according to the principle: "You live and live." The inner unity of Bolkonsky and Karataev is emphasized by the characteristic coincidence of the attitudes of those around them towards the death of both. Pierre took Karataev's death for granted, a natural event, and in the same way Natasha and Princess Marya reacted to the death of Prince Andrei. An aristocrat, a nobleman, Prince Bolkonsky died in the same way as the peasant Platon Karataev. This was a huge moral victory for Prince Andrey, for he objectively, according to Tolstoy, approached the faith, which were carried by Platon Karataev and thousands, millions of Russian people. Pierre Bezukhov compares Bolkonsky and Karataev as two equally beloved people who “both lived and both died”. This reasoning for Pierre is full of deep meaning. Bolkonsky and Karataev are children of the great mother nature. Their life and death is a natural link of nature, which gave them life and into the bosom of which they, like thousands of others like them, had to return. which is completely inaccessible to Nikolai, although he is older and more experienced: “She almost quarreled with her brother for Dolokhov. She insisted that he was an evil person, that in a duel with Bezukhov, Pierre was right, and Dolokhov was to blame, that he was unpleasant and unnatural ”. Natasha does not know how to explain, to prove logically, because she understands people not with her mind, but with her heart. And her heart always tells her correctly. It is interesting that Natashg, unlike Sonya, does not at all seek to sacrifice herself to the XMU, she does not even set herself the goal of helping people, making them happy.

She simply lives and with her sensitivity, understanding somehow helps everyone around her. Natasha gives people the warmth of her soul, infects with that irrepressible thirst for life that overwhelms her. There are many examples of this. When Nikolai returned home after losing at cards, Natasha "instantly noticed the state of her brother ... but she herself was so happy at that moment ... that she ... deliberately deceived herself" and continued to sing. And yet, without knowing it, Natasha sang for her brother and this helped him. Listening to her singing, Nikolai understood: “All this, and misfortune, and money, and Dolokhov, and malice, and honor - all this is nonsense ... but here it is ...” Prince Andrey rode to Count Rostov in Otradnoye “gloomy and preoccupied ”, thinking that love and happiness is“ a stupid, senseless deception ”. The very thought of rebirth to a new life, love, activity was unpleasant to him. However, when he saw a "strangely thin", black-eyed girl running away from his carriage with a cheerful laugh, he was hurt by the fact that this girl "did not know and did not want to know about his existence." Natasha's night conversation with Sonya, accidentally overheard by Prince Andrei, had such an effect on him that "an unexpected confusion of young thoughts and hopes that contradicted his whole life suddenly arose in his soul." Only Natasha could arouse such feelings in people, only she could make them dream of “flying into the sky,” as she herself dreamed. Princess Marya is different. Growing up in the countryside, brought up by a harsh and sometimes cruel father, she did not know the joys of life that Natasha fully enjoyed. For the old prince Bolkonsky, there were "only two virtues: activity and mind." He considered order as the main condition for his activity, and this "order in his way of life was brought to the last degree of accuracy." Princess Marya did not have a mother to whom she could come running at night to chat and kiss "sweetheart", as Natasha did. There was a father whom she, of course, loved, but she was so afraid that even “red spots shimmered over her face”. When you read about how she studies mathematics with her father, my heart is filled with such pity for this girl that I just want to protect her from the tyrant father. It becomes clear why "the princess's eyes were dim, she saw nothing, did not hear ... and only thought about how she could leave the office as soon as possible and understand the problem in her own open space." She corresponds with Julie Karagina, sincerely believing that this is her friend. There is nothing surprising in the fact that the smart, delicate Princess Marya believes in the friendship of the false and narrow-minded Julie. After all, she no longer has friends, and partly she invented a friend for herself. Their letters are similar only at first glance, but they are like day and night: Julie's artificial and contrived sufferings have nothing to do with the completely sincere, bright and pure thoughts of Princess Marya. Deprived of all joy, alone, locked in a village with a stupid Frenchwoman and an oppressive, albeit loving father, Princess Mary tries to console poor, suffering Julie. She herself finds solace only in religion. The faith of Princess Marya commands respect, because for her it is, first of all, a demand for herself. She is ready to forgive everyone's weakness, but not herself. Tolstoy loves the princess and, apparently, is therefore merciless towards her. He leads her through many trials, as if in order to check whether she will stand, whether she will not lose her sincerity and spiritual purity. But Princess Marya, who seems so weak and defenseless, is in fact so strong in spirit that she can withstand all the hardships sent down to her by fate.

Ways to find a place in life by Pierre Bezukhov

Tolstoy's books are a documentary presentation of all the quests that a strong personality has undertaken in order to find a place and business for himself in the history of Russia. AM. Gorky Novel "War and Peace" is the brightest work that has become the greatest achievement of Russian literature.

LN Tolstoy captures and unites into a single whole the most important issues of the era: about the ways of development of Russia, about the fate of the people, about its role in history. We are shown outstanding personalities, great historical events that at the beginning of the 19th century deeply touched the souls of many millions of people, the entire Russian people and became the center of events in this period of time, which later went down in history. Tolstoy's favorite hero is Pierre Bezukhov. The image of this hero was conceived and written as the image of the future Decembrist. Not being a supporter of an uprising against the tsarist autocracy, the author, however, has great sympathy for the noble revolutionaries. Like Bolkonsky, Pierre is an honest, noble, highly educated nobleman, a well-rounded and intelligent person. Bezukhov is a spontaneous nature, capable of acutely feeling, easily aroused. He is characterized by reflections and doubts in search of "the meaning of life." His path is difficult and winding. Tolstoy is very close to the searches of his hero, because for a long time he himself could not understand the meaning of life, he often sought him in vain and in vain. Pierre Bezukhov is “a massive, fat young man with a shaved head, glasses ... This fat young man was the illegitimate son of the famous Catherine’s nobleman, Count Bezukhov, who was dying in Moscow. He has not served anywhere yet, he has just arrived from abroad, where he was brought up, and was for the first time in society. " This is how L. N. Tolstoy described his hero. But despite Pierre's appearance, Tolstoy endowed him with magnificent human qualities and character. True, Pierre, even in his early youth, only having arrived in Peterburg, does not understand people well. He takes hypocrisy and lies for truth, sympathizes with false suffering. And therefore, only when faced with the cruelty of this society, he seeks salvation in religion. At this critical moment, Bezukhov falls into the hands of Bazdeev. This "preacher" cleverly sets before the trusting count the networks of a religious and mystical society, which called for the moral self-improvement of people and united them on the basis of brotherly love. Pierre understood Freemasonry as “the doctrine of equality, brotherhood and love,” and this helps him to direct his forces towards the improvement of the life of serfs. But this good-natured and open person is deceived here too. Wealthy, well-to-do peasants and the manager profit from the Count's wealth. This means that being a “good landowner” and “benefactor” under the conditions of the serf system is sheer utopia. Masonic activity does not satisfy Pierre, his economic "transformations" fail. We know that the Patriotic War of 1812, especially the Battle of Borodino, played a huge role in the life of Pierre Bezukhov. The events of 1812 bring the young count out of the state of mental emptiness and disappointment. Bezukhov participates in the training of the militia. But he again fails, as in the period of Freemasonry, for he gets down to business too ardently, with a passionate desire to benefit the Motherland. His bold speech, addressed to the Moscow nobility, caused general discontent. However, seized with patriotic feelings, Pierre equips a thousand militias with his own money, and he himself remains in Moscow to kill Napoleon, or die, or end the misfortune of the Motherland, which, in Pierre's opinion, was caused by Napoleon alone. An important stage on the way of Pierre's searches is his visit to the Borodino field at the time of the famous battle. He understood here that history is created by the most powerful force in the world - the people. Bezukhov approvingly accepts the wise words of the unknown soldier: “They want to pile on all the people, one word - Moscow. They want to do one end ”. The sight of "lively and sweaty" men-militias, "with loud talk and laughter" working on the field, "had an effect on Pierre more than anything that he had seen and heard so far about the solemnity and significance of the present moment." An even closer rapprochement of Count Bezukhov with ordinary people takes place in Moscow, in a prisoner of war barrack. There he meets a soldier, a former peasant, Platon Karataev, who, according to the author, is a part of the mass of the people. Pierre understood the meaning of life, which for him consisted in the fact that if there is life, then it is impossible to look for only bad sides in it, but it is necessary to see many good things and take all the good from life. From Karataev, Pierre is gaining "peasant wisdom", in communication with the peasants "he gains that calmness and self-satisfaction that he had vainly strived for before." If earlier Bezukhov closed in himself, now he is interested in the world around him, critically evaluates "the phenomena of life. Pierre has gained confidence and firmness of character, which he is striving to find in himself all this time. Pierre Bezukhov belongs to that best part of Russian society, which attracts forward along an unknown path to an amazing future and touches hearts with the gentle fire of creative search. Pierre, as an advanced man of his time, is characterized by his personality: his striving for the best, his rejection of society, which often strangled and humiliated him. In addition to its historicity, the novel " War and Peace ”is the intertwining of the destinies of many people. The main idea of this novel is universal human unity. It is important, topical, topical, imbued with patriotism and heroism of the Russian people.

Lesson plan number 21
on the subject "Russian Literature"
Topic of the program: Leo Tolstoy.
Lesson topic: The path of ideological and moral searches of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky.
Lesson type: combined lesson.
Lesson objectives:
Educational: to trace how the character of Tolstoy's favorite hero is formed; to reveal the author's attitude to the hero and to determine his view of the hero and his actions; look into the complex world of his emotional experiences.
Developing: provide conditions for the development of the ability to analyze literary texts, highlight the main thing, prove and refute, determine and explain the reason, compare, build analogies, systematize, select material on the topic of the lesson.
Educational: create conditions for educating a good reader who can see the depth of a literary text, so that the perception of real literature causes aesthetic pleasure.
help students track how the character of the hero is formed; develop skill
analyze a literary text, highlight the main thing, compare; bring up
moral qualities.
Material and technical equipment of the lesson: portrait of Leo Tolstoy, text of the novel "War and Peace".
During the classes
Organizational part:
1.1. duty officer's report;
1.2. checking the readiness of students for the lesson.
2. Target setting and motivation, stimulation of students' activities:
2.1. topic and objectives of the lesson;
2.2. the teacher pays attention to the relevance and significance of the material being studied.
Formation of theoretical knowledge.
3.1. Teacher's word.
The Bolkonsky family.
The first time we encounter the Bolkonsky family in full force is at the end of the first part of the first volume, when everyone in Bald Hills is awaiting the arrival of Prince Andrey with his wife.
Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky attracts both Tolstoy and the reader with his originality. "An old man with keen, clever eyes," "with the sparkle of clever and young eyes," "inspiring a sense of deference and even fear," "was harsh and invariably demanding." A friend of Kutuzov, he received a general-in-chief in his youth. And disgraced, he never ceased to be interested in politics. His energetic mind demanded an exit. Nikolai Andreevich, honoring only two human virtues: "activity and mind", "was constantly busy writing his memoirs, then calculating from higher mathematics, then turning snuff boxes on a machine, then working in the garden and observing buildings ...". "He himself was involved in raising his daughter." It is not for nothing that Andrei has an insistent insistence on communicating with his father, whose intelligence he values, whose analytical abilities he never ceases to amaze with: “How could this old man, sitting alone for many years without a break in the village, know and discuss all political circumstances of Europe in recent years. " Proud and unyielding, the prince asks his son: "to hand over the notes ... to the emperor after ... my death." Nikolai Andreevich sees his son's feelings in his heart and helps him in a difficult conversation about his abandoned wife and future child. And the year appointed by the old prince to test the feelings of Andrei and Natasha is also an attempt to protect his son's feelings from accidents and misfortunes as much as possible: "There was a son whom it was a pity to give to the girl."
The old prince was engaged in the upbringing and education of children himself, not trusting and not delegating this to anyone. He can be called a despot, watching how he treats his daughter, but this is explained by his phrase: “I don’t want you to be like our stupid young ladies”. He considers idleness and superstition to be the source of human vices. And the main condition for activity is order. The father, who is proud of his son's mind, knows that between Marya and Andrey there is not only complete mutual understanding, but also a sincere friendship based on the unity of views, thoughts ... He understands how rich the spiritual world of his children is. In many ways, Andrei Bolkonsky repeats the life of his father, forcing the old prince to be proud of his son.
3.2. Conversation
The search for Andrei Bolkonsky.
First, Prince Andrew strives to find the meaning and content of life in military activity, glory and heroic deeds:
1. military service. Vol. 1, part 1, chapter 5 Why does Prince Andrew go to war? (Andrei Bolkonsky goes to war in order to break the "enchanted" circle of "living rooms of gossip, balls, vanity, insignificance" in order to achieve his Toulon, in which he saw the meaning of life. the path to glory - this was the initial idea of Prince Andrew about the nature of the feat).
2. A sharp conversation with Zherkov about the duty and honor of a Russian officer. Vol. 1, ch. 2, ch. 3 Why was Prince Andrew indignant at Zherkov's act? ("We are either officers who serve their tsar and fatherland and rejoice at the common success or grieve over the common failure, or we are lackeys who do not care about the master's business").
3. Dreams of Prince Andrew about glory and heroism. T 1, h 2. Ch 12; T 1, h. 3, ch. 12 What dreams excite Prince Andrew? Why does he want to perform a feat?
Having found an idol in Napoleon, Prince Andrew separates himself from other people. His dream of the hero's glory corresponds to the spirit of Russian culture of that time, when the hero thinks of himself without fail on a pedestal. Prince Andrew wants to earn glory by a heroic deed, a real deed. Such determination can fill a whole life. Suvorov said: “A soldier who does not dream of being a general is bad,” that is, everyone should strive to achieve excellence in their work. Prince Andrew wants to advance in life in order to show his strength, and he also thinks about honors. The vanity inherent in secular society also hurts him. Despite the fact that Prince Andrew thinks about fame, he is sympathetic to the reader, since he wants to achieve fame honestly. In dreams of fame, his aversion to a meaningless and meaningless life is manifested. He is looking for the meaning of life.
He is very young. Dreaminess is characteristic of young people. When a person matures, finds his calling, all vain retreats. The wiser a person is, the less vanity is in his dream.
The feat accomplished near Austerlitz by Prince Andrew is his finest hour. His dream came true, as once Napoleon on the Toulon bridge, Prince Andrew with a banner in his hands led a soldier. It. of course, a glorious feat worthy of the family honor of the Bolkonskys, the honor of a Russian officer. But for Tolstoy what is important is the inner essence, the very type of feat. After all, Napoleon also possesses unconditional personal courage, and he is able to go ahead of the army. This inner essence of Bolkonsky's feat is the reason why this feat is not poeticized in the novel. This, of course, can in no way be understood as a condemnation of the military valor of Andrei Bolkonsky. No, his feat adds another touch to his portrait of a knight, an impeccable soldier, a real man with high and strict categories of life, towering over the entire rim of high-ranking careerists surrounding him.
4. Courage and courage shown by Prince Andrew in the Shengraben and Austerlitz battles. Vol. 1, ch. 2, ch. 20, 21
Remember what thoughts Prince Andrew came to after Austerlitz? (Disappointment in striving for fame, for heroism, the collapse of the Napoleonic cult - this is the result of his searches at the end of volume II).
Why did the accomplished feat bring disappointment to Prince Andrew? What conclusions about heroism and heroes does he make?
Participation in the Shengraben battle makes Prince Andrey look at things differently. With calm courage, he is in the most dangerous areas of the battle. But the meeting with Tushin before the battle and at his battery, and then after the battle in the hut near Bagration made him see real heroism and military feat in a different light. Tushin, to whom they owe the success of the day, not only did not demand "human glory and love" for himself, but did not even know how to stand up for himself before the unfair accusation of his superiors, and the feat generally remained unrequited. He has not yet given up his idea of the feat, but everything he experienced during the day made him think.
Gradually Tolstoy is preparing that revolution in the soul of Prince Andrei, which took place on the Austerlitz field. Lofty dreams collided in the course of hostilities with the reality and life of war.
Austerlitz became an era of shame and disappointment not only for the whole of Russia, but also for individual heroes. With a feeling of great disappointment in Napoleon, who was formerly his hero, the wounded Prince Andrew lies on the battlefield. Napoleon presented himself to him as a small, insignificant man, "with an indifferent, limited and happy look from the misfortune of others." True, the wound brought Prince Andrei not only disappointment in the futility and insignificance of deeds in the name of personal glory, but also the discovery of a new world, a new meaning of life. The immeasurably high, eternal sky, the blue infinity opened in him a new structure of thoughts, and he would like people to "help him and return him to a life that seemed so beautiful to him, because he understood it so differently now."
And in this image of the sky, which accompanies the prince in Tolstoy's novel, being, as it were, his leitmotif, there is greatness, ideality, there is an infinity of striving, and there is detachment, coldness. The sky is absolute, eternal, just, Prince Andrew seeks justice and perfection in life. But they must be directly given in the phenomena of life, not hidden behind the relative and accidental. Life should not be confused, it should be a coincidence, triumph, the fusion of law and form, ideal and reality - this is the demand of Prince Andrey. For him, we will never cross the gap - the perfection and imperfection of reality, “heaven” and the earthly reality of human relations. He sees the sky looking over human life. This gap is the tragic theme of the image of Andrei Bolkonsky.
Before us is a typical Tolstoy image of nature: it personifies the highest moral principles, the best that is in people's lives. The writer reproduces not so much the visual image of the sky, but the impression, the structure of thoughts that it evokes. The picture of nature is included in the inner monologue of Prince Andrey: “How quietly, calmly and solemnly, not at all the way I ran ..., not the way we ran, shouted and fought; not at all like the Frenchman and the artilleryman with embittered and frightened faces dragged from each other, the clouds crawl across this high, endless sky. How then have I not seen this high sky before? And how happy I am that I have finally recognized him. Yes! Everything is empty, everything is deception, except for this endless sky. " These thoughts of Prince Andrey reflect the general result - a feeling of disappointment in life as a result of realizing his mistakes. Life opened up in a new way for Prince Andrey. He understood the vanity of his ambitious dreams, realized that there is something much more significant and eternal in life than the war and the glory of Napoleon. This something is the natural life of nature and man. For Prince Andrew, the sky of Austerlitz becomes a symbol of a new, high understanding of life, the "endless and bright horizons" that have opened before him. This symbol runs through his entire life.
5. The mood of Prince Andrei during the period of deep mental crisis.
Returning home, Prince Andrew finds his wife dying. Her face reflected suffering and a mute reproach to her husband: why did you leave me at the moment when you are most needed? Disappointment in military service, the death of his wife plunged Prince Andrew into a deep mental crisis. He decided to devote all his time to raising his son and improving the economy.
T 2.h.3. Chapter 1 What is Prince Andrew doing at home?
Disappointment in striving for glory, for heroism, the collapse of the Napoleonic cult - this is the result of serving in the army. Further events - the appearance of a child, the death of his wife - shocked Prince Andrew. Disappointed in his former aspirations and ideals, having experienced grief and repentance, he comes to the conclusion that life in its simple manifestations, life for himself and his loved ones, is the only thing that remains for him.
When Prince Andrew, strangely softened, returned home, with unusually gentle words, ready for peace, grief fell upon him - the death of his wife. And the fact that he felt guilty before her aggravated his crisis, made him withdraw into himself. The worries made him a skeptic. Pierre, who visited him to see Bogucharov, was struck by his "extinct dead gaze." “Live for yourself, avoiding only these two evils (remorse and illness). - this is all my wisdom now. " - says Prince Andrew to Pierre. In the dispute between Prince Andrew and Pierre, one important thought sounds: moral self-improvement at that time was the ideal of financially secure people who do not understand what the severity of work and the severity of life are.
6. Gradual awakening of the hero from a moral crisis. What helped Prince Andrew to cope with a mental crisis? How did he decide to realize his potential?
Tolstoy shows how slowly his hero returns to life, to people, to new searches. The first milestone on this path of rebirth is meeting Pierre and talking to him on the ferry. In the heat of an argument with a friend, Bolkonsky speaks unfair words, expresses extreme judgments. But for himself, he makes the right conclusion. "We must live, we must love, we must believe" - these words of Pierre deeply sunk into the soul of Prince Andrew. His dull look came to life and became "radiant, childish, gentle." Right now, “for the first time after Austerlitz, he saw that high, eternal sky that he had seen lying on the Austerlitz field, and something that had long since fallen asleep, something better that was in him, suddenly woke up joyfully and young in his soul ... The meeting with Pierre was an era for Prince Andrey, from which, although outwardly the same, began his new life in the inner world ”. The first thing he did for the people was transformations in the countryside, which made the lot of his peasants easier.
Nature revived Prince Andrei to life, made him live, renewed him, he understood the meaning of life, its purpose. Prince Andrew's train of thought changes the greatness, eternity and infinity of nature. In Tolstoy, one of the hallmarks of a real person is the ability to feel and love nature. For all the positive heroes of the novel, their "sky" always opens, which opens up to them almost always at the moment of crises, at the turning points in life, when nature helps a person to get out of the impasse. Nature helps a person to find his place in life, to live a common life. It is no coincidence that Tolstoy believes: "The purest joy is the joy of nature." The writer talks about nature, spiritualizing it, endowing it with human features. Looking at an oak tree, Prince Andrey sees not branches, not bark, not growths on it, but hands and fingers, old sores. At the first meeting, the oak appears to him as a living creature, "an old, angry and contemptuous freak" who is endowed with the ability to think, persist, frown and despise the cheerful family of "smiling birches". Prince Andrey attributes his thoughts and feelings to the oak and, thinking about it, uses the pronouns "we", "ours" ... The vital forces that the oak revived awoke in Bolkonsky's soul. He acutely feels the joy of being, sees the opportunity to benefit people, the possibility of happiness and love. And he decides: ".... It is necessary that everyone knows me, so that my life does not go on for me alone ... that it be reflected on everyone and that they all live with me."
7. Outstanding mind, broad-minded statesman. The imprint of the work education given by the father. Striving for useful social activities. Participation in legislative activity of M.M. Speransky and disappointment in it. Vol. 2, part 3, ch. 18 Why did Prince Andrei become disillusioned with public service?
Ambitious dreams come up again. Prince Andrew intends to take part in the transformations that were planned at that time in the higher spheres. In the Petersburg period of Bolkonsky's life, Tolstoy draws real historical figures with whom Prince Andrei collides - these are Arakcheev and Speransky. Prince Andrey was engaged in the preparation of new military projects and was the head of the department of the commission for drawing up laws, working on the department of "rights of persons", but he soon saw that this work was idle. Having started social work with enthusiasm, he became disillusioned with his social activities, because he did not see its deep meaning. Prince Andrey was disappointed in Speransky itself. A passionate desire "to find in another a living ideal of the perfection to which he strove", attracted him to this figure, but then he saw that he did not correspond to his ideal at all. Only that activity satisfies the hero, in which he finds a combination of interests for himself and for others ... And while he is mistaken, he always fights, because "calmness is a spiritual meanness." His searches, disappointments and hopes reflected an important facet of "real life" according to Tolstoy.
8. The relationship between Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha Rostova. T2, ch.Z. gl 16, 19, 22 What attracted prince Andrei, experienced in communication, to Natasha Rostova?
The charm of love is created by its moral purity. Prince Andrew was attracted to Natasha by her poetry, her fullness of life, spontaneity. The inherent desire for happiness awakens the strength of other people. Her singing gives Prince Andrey pleasure, he is amazed by Natasha's sensitivity, the ability to guess someone else's mood, to understand everything at a glance. And Natasha fell in love with Prince Andrew, feeling his inner strength, nobility. Prince Andrew's words: “The whole world is divided for me into two halves: one is her, and there is all happiness, hope, light; the other half - everything, where it is not, everything is dull and darkness ... "and Natasha:" ... but this has never happened to me "- convince of the strength and seriousness of their feelings.
Love occupies an important place in the life of Andrei Bolkonsky, helping to understand and love life, to find your place in it. The only real feeling is that which is free from calculation, deep and sincere. Before Prince Andrey "life, all life with all its joys" was revealed. It seems to him that in love he found true happiness.
Why didn't the hero find his happiness? First, the world is destroyed by war, it does not give an opportunity to live peacefully and lightly. Secondly, the author leads the hero to an internal crisis because Andrei Bolkonsky does not have an internal unity with the people, he has his own goals aimed at himself.
Natasha, as it were, brings the prince closer to earthly life, but Tolstoy immediately makes the reader feel that they are not intended for each other, that simple happiness is not for Bolkonsky. Happiness turned out to be short-lived, and the brighter it was, the more tragic he feels the break with Natasha. It seems to him now, "as if that endless, receding vault of heaven that stood before him suddenly turned into a low, definite vault, crushing him, in which everything was clear, but there was nothing eternal and mysterious." Life seems to him cruel, unnecessary, absurd.
9. The rupture of Prince Andrew with secular society and rapprochement with the people during the Patriotic War of 1812. Vol. 3, h. 2, ch. 5, 25 Why did the soldiers love their commander? How is Prince Andrew's attitude to war changing?
The turning point in the life of Andrei Bolkonsky will be 1812. During the Patriotic War, the prince will feel and understand the legitimacy of the existence of the interests of other people. This understanding will manifest itself in his vision of the reasons for success in the war, which, he believes, determine not the number of troops and its location, not the number of guns, but the feeling that will be in every soldier. This is how Andrei Bolkonsky's ideas about the driving forces of history are changing.
The events of 1812 were the most significant era in the life of Bolkonsky. His personal grief receded into the background before the national disasters. The defense of the homeland from the enemy becomes the highest goal of his life, and Prince Andrew returns to the army. “He was all devoted to the affairs of his regiment, he was caring about his people and officers and kindness to them. In the regiment they called him our prince, they were proud of him and loved him. " He no longer strives to get into the higher spheres, where, as he thought before, the fate of his homeland is being decided, and remains among the simplest and most needed people in the war - soldiers and officers of the active army. Dreams of personal glory no longer worry him.
To live helping and sympathizing with people, to understand them, to merge your life with their simple and natural life - this is the new ideal that awakened in the soul of Prince Andrey during the days of severe trials for the homeland. In his conversation with Pierre on the eve of the Battle of Borodino, the unity of the thoughts of the Bolkonsky and the fighting people is especially clearly felt. Expressing his attitude to the events, he says: "And Timokhin and the whole Army think the same." The life of Prince Andrey ends with his unity with the people, with those who are fighting for their native land.
10. The state of mind of Prince Andrey after being wounded near Borodino. Why was Prince Andrew unable to avoid injury? How did the close death change the hero?
Tolstoy is an artist who invariably follows the high truth of art. The death of Prince Andrew - an amazing event in itself - is described simply and artlessly. Not a single false note, not a single artistically unjustified word or gesture, in everything the utmost tact and sense of proportion. For Prince Andrey, death is a new, final stage of spiritual development. He takes it simply and wisely. His calmness is transmitted to close people: "They both saw how he was deeper and deeper, slowly and calmly, descending from them somewhere, and both knew that this was how it should be and that it was good." Death is a sacrament. And the writer puts on a veil of silence on this event.
11. Andrei Bolkonsky is the best representative of the advanced part of the noble society of the early 19th century. In the epilogue of the novel, a lot of space is given to Nikolenka Bolkonsky, in which his father's soul thirsting for truth continues to live. This is a charming image of a child full of bright dreams, passionately striving for truth and goodness. Getting acquainted with Nikolenka, it is as if we are meeting again with Prince Andrey, with the best that was in him and that was inherited by his son.
Thus, finishing War and Peace, the writer returns to the image of Andrei Bolkonsky, as if introducing him to the activities that await his son. "Father! Father! Yes, I will do what even he would be pleased with ... ”- Nikolenka dreams.
Analysis of the group's work per lesson:
4.1. Lesson summary
The life path of Andrei Bolkonsky testifies to the search for overcoming personal and social discord, to the desire for a reasonable and harmonious life. Lovingly drawing heroes close to him, Tolstoy exposes their inner life, the dialectics of their souls, since the writer is primarily interested in the path of human spiritual development, the path leading to the moral ideal. On the pages of the novel, an internal monologue constantly sounds, that is, the stream of the hero's inner thoughts and feelings is reproduced, most often contradictory and always complex.
The spiritual beauty of Tolstoy's favorite heroes is manifested in this continuous internal struggle of thoughts and feelings, in the relentless search for the meaning of life, in dreams of activities useful for the entire people. Their life path is the path of passionate searches leading to truth and goodness.
So, summing up the results of our work, let's see what the road of life of Andrei Bolkonsky was:
Contempt for society _ army _ Battle of Shengraben _ Austerlitz, wound _ Bald Gory, crisis _ trip to Otradnoye, overcoming _ Petersburg, service at Speransky _ meeting Natasha _ breaking relations _ army _ wound _ death.
4.2. setting marks.
Homework
The image of Pierre Bezukhov.

Target:

During the classes

1. Pierre Bezukhov

In my opinion, the most important thing in Pierre is kindness. Therefore, he knows how to understand any person. When Pierre meets Princess Marya, he understands her too. He is generally kind to everyone, even to the French officer he saved, to Rambal.)

II, h.V

Yes, this is true kindness and humanity. Let us recall another episode of the duel between Pierre and Dolokhov. Read this scene (vol. II, part I, ch. 5 with the words "Well, start!" Said Dolokhov ... ") Did Pierre want this duel?

(No, I didn't.)

And Dolokhov?

Pierre cannot see someone else's suffering, someone else's misfortune, even if they are experienced by a person whom he does not love, who is to blame for him. He is able to condemn himself, and not everyone can. It seems that this is also the manifestation of Pierre's sweet awkwardness. If you approach strictly, this trait is a flaw, this is how others judge it, but Tolstoy deprives his hero of this awkwardness, everyday impracticality - and his charm would disappear. So often the shortcomings of people are a continuation of their merits. It is no coincidence that Prince Andrew said about his friend: "This is the funniest and most absent-minded person in the world, but the most golden heart." Tell us what the paths of truth followed by Pierre.

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"Moral searches of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov"

Lesson 21.

Moral quest

Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov

Target: to synthesize and deepen the knowledge of students in the images of Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky.

During the classes

I... Conversation with elements of the dispute

1. Pierre Bezukhov

Tell me, which of the heroes of the novel did you like the most?

Today we will only talk about Pierre and Prince Andrew. Why did you like Pierre Bezukhov?

(He is not like other socialites ... So he appears in the salon of A.P. Scherer. The owner of the salon is even frightened by his sincere, truthful look. I like his simplicity, understanding of other people and sympathy for them. When Pierre is captured, then he easily talks to the soldiers, finds a common language with them.

Or maybe Pierre just understands that the murder of a French officer can be in trouble ...

(No, Pierre does not tend to expect what will happen as a result of some act, he simply could not admit that a person would be killed.)

Where else do you see Pierre's kindness?

(He saved the child during the fire, interceded for the woman, since he gave money to everyone who asked. He managed to understand Natasha after her breakup with Prince Andrey. He managed to console her, although at first he went to her with a feeling of resentment for his friend, Prince Andrey. (Read excerpt vol.II, h.V, ch. 22 from the words "It was frosty and clear ...".)

Yes, this is true kindness and humanity. Let us recall another episode of the duel between Pierre and Dolokhov. Read this scene (vol. II, part I, ch. 5 with the words "Well, start!" Said Dolokhov ... ") Did Pierre want this duel?

(No, I didn't.)

And Dolokhov?

(Dolokhov did not care. He was a hussar, used to duels. Although Denisov did not want bloodshed, he was afraid for both Dolokhov and Pierre.)

How does Pierre experience Dolokhov's injury? After all, he first shot at a man.

(He is sad, depressed. And, probably, not only because he wounded Dolokhov, but also because life is generally ridiculous, if, not wanting to kill, you can suddenly kill.)

These searches were central to the hero's life. At the end of the novel, we see that it is Pierre who appears before us as the organizer of the secret political society "Independent, Free People". He accuses the tsar of inaction, sharply criticizes the existing system, is indignant at the reaction and Arakcheevism.

2. Prince Andrew

What attracts you to Andrei Bolkonsky?

(He is smart, understands life, understands politics. And most importantly, he is not a careerist, not a coward, he is not looking for a "cozy place")

Let's remember the beginning of the novel again. Prince Andrew appears in the salon of A.P. Scherer and not yet knowing him, we can already say something important about him. What exactly?

(He is uncomfortable in secular society.)

And with what details does Tolstoy emphasize this?

(Prince Andrei looks bored. He looks at everyone squinting. His handsome face is spoiled by a grimace. When Pierre touches him from behind, Prince Andrei frowns in annoyance, because he does not know that it is Pierre.)

We learn that Prince Andrew can be completely different with those he loves ... When Pierre asked him why he was going to a war that cannot be called just ... What does Prince Andrew answer him?

(An excerpt is read: "For what? I do not know. It should be so ... - I am going because this life that I lead here is not for me.")

What conclusion can we draw?

(Prince Andrew is not satisfied with an empty social life, he wants something more, he dreams of glory (read an excerpt vol.I, ch.III, ch.12 "The night was foggy").

Do you think fame is the most important thing that a person needs?

(Probably not. After all, glory is only for himself. Prince Andrey wants to earn glory by a heroic deed, a real deed. Such determination can fill his whole life. Suvorov said: “That soldier is bad who does not dream of being a general.”)

But you can want to be a general in different ways. One is promoted through his strengths and abilities, and sees the ultimate goal in more fully realizing himself. Well, if you delve deeper into Suvorov's statement, then it must be understood as follows: everyone should strive to achieve perfection in their work.

And why does Prince Andrew want to advance in life?

(To show his strength, and he also thinks about honors. The vanity inherent in secular society also hurts him. Despite the fact that Prince Andrey thinks about fame, we are sympathetic, because he wants to achieve fame honestly. glory shows his aversion to meaningless and meaningless life. He seeks the meaning of life.)

He is very young. Dreaminess is characteristic of young people. There is nothing wrong with that. When a person matures, finds his own recognition, all vain retreats.

The wiser a person is, the less vanity is in his dream. When did Prince Andrey realize this?

(After the Battle of Austerlitz. His dreams of glory seemed insignificant to him, and Napoleon seemed petty, although he once dreamed of “his Toulon”.)

Bolkonsky after the war of 1805-1807. returns home, lives on his estate. His state of mind is grave.

Dreams of fame no longer hold: what to strive for? Tell me, Boris Drubetskoy or Berg can suffer because they have no purpose in life?

(Of course not. They are small people, and Prince Andrey is a deep man. He suffers from a lack of meaning in life. Before the battle of Borodino, his feelings are overwhelmed, because he is participating in a common patriotic cause. But even here he is disappointed.)

What conclusions does Prince Andrew come to about life?

(He understands that you need to live for good. To be kind in general, to understand and love people is good, however, such a person needs an active expression of this love.)

Death interrupts the search for Prince Andrew. But if he had not died and his search continued, where would they have led Bolkonsky?

(Pierre expresses the idea that if Prince Andrey were alive, he would be with the Decembrists.)

Why didn't Prince Andrew forgive Natasha?

(He is a tough person by nature, constant in his principles. He could not accept Natasha as weak, confused, mistaken, rushing about.)

Why did Pierre forgive Natasha?

(He's kinder. Perhaps he felt sorry for her.)

When did Prince Andrew forgive Natasha?

(Already wounded, lying in the hut, he realized how cruel he was. Bolkonsky rethinks his life. For the first time he thinks not about himself, but about her pain and suffering. He had to endure a lot, he becomes softer, kinder, wiser.)

What brings Prince Andrew and Pierre closer, despite the difference in their characters?

(They are brought together by a lot. These are progressive people of their time. They do not live an empty social life. They have a goal, moreover, a big goal. They want to be useful in their activities.)

II. Demonstration of a fragment of the video "War and Peace"

Episodes "The Battle of Austerlitz", "The Battle of Borodino", "The wound of Prince Andrey".

III. Recording of OSK "Andrey Bolkonsky"

Changing views on the life of Andrei Bolkonsky

Moral searches of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov

Conclusion

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"Moral searches of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov"