B vitamins play an important role in the human body. They are able to dissolve in water and regulate metabolism. Vitamin B2 is considered almost the most useful among the group of these trace elements. It depends on him how long a person will look young and beautiful. Those who consume foods with vitamin B2 often and a lot are distinguished by strong immunity, fresh, soft and supple skin.

Another name for vitamin b2 is riboflavin.

Riboflavin can quickly break down in an alkaline environment. In order for it to be absorbed well, an acidic reaction in the body is necessary. The trace element is resistant to high temperatures, so after cooking it remains in the composition of food. True, vitamin B2 is easily destroyed when exposed to direct sunlight (due to the action of ultraviolet radiation). Therefore, foods rich in riboflavin should be stored in a dark container with a closed lid.

Vitamin B2

What does the body need?

Riboflavin belongs to flavins - biologically active substances that belong to yellow pigments. They are one of the components of absolutely all living cells. The human body can produce a certain amount of this vitamin on its own (only if a person has a healthy intestinal microflora). But this amount is not enough to fill the daily need for the substance, therefore it is also worth using daily products with its content. Why does the body need riboflavin yet? It performs a large number of important functions:

• ensures the health of nails, hair, mucous membranes and skin;
• makes vision sharper, improves vision in the dark or in bright light;
• contributes to the restoration of the thyroid gland, liver;
• contributes to the stable functioning of the nervous system;
• is one of the constituent enzymes that produce endocrine glands;
• helps to quickly break down proteins, carbohydrates and fats in the body;
• ensures normal metabolism in every tissue and organs in particular and the body as a whole;
• helps hemoglobin form;
• helps to form hormones (including the hormone ATP).

Folic acid, combined with vitamin B2, forms and removes red blood cells from the bone marrow - erythrocytes. When combined with thiamine (vitamin B1), it improves the absorption of iron by the human body, maintains its normal concentration in the blood. Therefore, very often people with low hemoglobin levels are often prescribed iron-containing preparations in combination with B vitamins. It is especially important to take enough foods with folic acid and riboflavin during pregnancy, as women in position are most often diagnosed with anemia. Therefore, women need to eat enough foods with riboflavin every day.

The use of vitamin B2 with other vitamins

Often, multivitamin preparations contain a lot of trace elements. But do not forget that not all of them are well combined with each other: some elements, when interacting, inhibit the action of each other, while others, on the contrary, can perform new useful functions in the body.

Riboflavin should not be consumed simultaneously with several B vitamins. They should be taken separately from each other with an interval of several hours.

It is not necessary to combine vitamin B2 with ascorbic acid.

But zinc is best taken with riboflavin, as this increases its absorption in the body by increasing the rate of breakdown. Vitamins B2 and B6 are able to enhance each other's actions.

What foods contain the vitaminB2?

Sources of vitamin B2 can be very different. But it is found in small amounts in most foods. Therefore, it seems quite difficult to obtain the daily norm of a microelement only from food. For this reason, it is necessary to include some product with a high content of vitamin B2 in the daily diet. The following animal products contain the most riboflavin:

• yeast;
• meat;
• liver and kidneys;
• bird;
• a fish;
• egg white;
• dairy products.

Plant foods also contain riboflavin:

• cereals;
• wholemeal bread;
• legumes;
• vegetables;
• mushrooms;
• greenery.

Where is the most vitamin B2 found?

• baker's yeast (4 mg per 100 grams of product);
• brewer's yeast (2.1 mg);
• beef liver (2.3 mg);
• pork liver (2.1 mg);
• beef kidney (1.8 mg);
• pig kidneys (1.7 mg);
• almonds (0.7 mg);
• chicken egg, hard cheese (0.5 mg).

Riboflavin is found in large quantities even in the composition of medicinal plants. With a lack of vitamin B2, doctors often advise taking decoctions of sea buckthorn, oregano, alfalfa, blackberries, rosehips, chicory, nettles, chokeberries, red clover, dandelions.

Daily intake of vitamin B2

Due to the fact that riboflavin is highly soluble in water, it is quickly excreted from the body in the urine. Therefore, every day it is necessary to replenish the body's need for this element. Most of the element is needed in childhood, during pregnancy and lactation. Men require large doses of the substance if their work is associated with high physical exertion.

Norm for children:

• from birth to six months - 0.4 mg;
• from six months to a year - 0.5 mg;
• from one to three years - 0.8 mg;
• from 3 to 6 years - 1.1 mg per day;
• up to ten years - 1.2 mg.

In adolescence, the norm for girls and boys varies:

• girls from 12 to 18 years old need 1.3 mg per day;
• boys under 14 years old need 1.5 mg, from 14 to 18 years old - 1.8 mg per day.

Norm for men:

• from 18 to 24 years old - 1.7 mg (or 2.8 mg in special cases);
• from 25 to 50 years - 1.7 mg (or 3.8 in special cases);
• after 50 years - 1.4 mg.

Norm for women:

• from 18 to 24 years old - 1.3 mg (or 2.2 mg in special cases);
• from 25 to 50 years - 1.3 mg (or 2.6 in special cases);
• after 50 years - 1.2 mg;
• during pregnancy - 1.6 mg;
• during breastfeeding - 1.8 mg per day.

vitamin deficiencyB2: reasons

More and more people are being diagnosed with vitamin B2 deficiency. An acute shortage is observed in eighty percent of the population of the CIS countries and Russia. The most common cause of deficiency is malnutrition. This is especially common in people of retirement age. Many simply do not know which products contain this substance.

The most common causes of riboflavin deficiency are:

• malnutrition, lack of meat, fish, vegetables, dairy products in the menu, the use of a large amount of refined foods and carbohydrates;
• the presence in the diet of a large number of chemically processed foods containing artificial preservatives, dyes and additives;
• destruction in vitamin b2 products due to improper heat treatment and storage;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, thyroid gland;
• infection in the body;
• great mental and physical stress;
• stress, strong feelings;
• pregnancy, breastfeeding;
• aging.

Riboflavin deficiency symptoms

Vitamin B2 vitamin deficiency is dangerous for the body. It can give rise to serious pathologies in the body. The main symptoms of vitamin b2 deficiency are:

• stomatitis (cracks on the lip and corners of the mouth);
• inflammation of the tongue (it becomes red in color);
• decreased appetite;
• weight loss;
• severe fatigue, lethargy, constant weakness;
• insomnia;
• quick abrupt mood swings;
• systematic headaches;
• dizziness, fainting, tremor of the hands and feet;
• stress, depression, complete apathy;
• dandruff;
• severe hair loss;
• wounds begin to heal longer, the skin becomes less sensitive;
• peeling of the skin all over the body, especially the skin of the lips, near the nose, genitals;
• inflammation of the mucous membranes;
• increased tearing;
• conjunctivitis;
• the appearance of itching, dryness and irritation in the eyes, night blindness, photophobia, redness of the whites of the eyes;
• weak immunity, frequent acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections.

The consequences of a lack of vitamin b2

With a lack of riboflavin, human immunity suffers in the first place. More often he has nervous breakdowns, there are stresses, tantrums and depressions. The nervous system ceases to function normally, therefore mental disorders develop. The skin will suffer more from acne, boils, wen, herpes. Gradually, vision becomes worse, the eyes begin to redden due to bursting capillaries inside it. If the situation is running, cataracts may appear. The lack of an element most strongly affects the appearance: the hair roots begin to quickly grow fat, the hair falls out strongly, cracks and wrinkles appear on the skin, it peels off, the eyelids become swollen and redden. The formation of the epithelium decreases, therefore the mucous membranes are quickly irritated, torn at any slightest impact. Wounds heal for a long time, begin to fester.

Much more harm to the body will cause a deterioration in the functioning of the body as a whole:

• metabolism worsens;
• there is a decline in strength;
• there are problems with the gastrointestinal tract;
• the work of the brain is disrupted;
• endocrine glands stop working properly;
• anemia begins.

To prevent the occurrence of such health problems, you need to consume enough foods in riboflavin daily.

Overdose of vitamin b2

An overdose of riboflavin in the body is almost impossible. This substance is highly soluble in water, and therefore is quickly excreted from the body along with urine.

An overdose can occur in two cases:

1. the patient at one time consumed too much of the drug with vitamin b2;
2. a person has problems with the kidneys, and because of this, the processing of substances entering the body is impossible in full.

But there is little cause for concern - an overdose is not dangerous with serious consequences for the body. Most often, it can be identified by a very bright color of urine. At times, numbness and slight itching may be felt.

Preparations containing vitamin b2

Instruction

In pharmacies, a large number of drugs containing riboflavin are presented. For preventive purposes, you can take this vitamin in tablets, in the form of chewable dragees or syrups (for children). For treatment, doctors prescribe vitamin B2 in ampoules, since vitamin injections are more effective. Riboflavin is available in its pure form or is part of multivitamin complexes. It is present in almost all multivitamin preparations.

The most popular preparations with vitamin B2:

1. multivitamin complex "Jungle" (production - USA);
2. multivitamin complex "Alvitil" (manufactured in France);
3. multivitamin complex "Adivit" (manufactured in Turkey);
4. multivitamin complex "Pikovit" (production - Slovenia);
5. a preparation containing vitamins of group B - "Neurobeks" (Indonesia);
6. complex of vitamins and minerals "Duovit" (Slovenia);
7. multivitamin complex "Megadin" (Turkey);
8. multivitamin complex "Vektrum" (Russia);
9. BAA "Gerimaks Energy" (Korea).

The drug with vitamin B2 in tablets:

1. "Vitamin B2" ("Teva", Poland);
2. "Riboflavin mononucleotide 1% 1ml N10" (Russia);
3. "Riboflavin Natures Life" (USA);
4. "Solgar" (USA);
5. "Riboflavin" from "Carlson Labs" (USA).

It should be borne in mind that a product containing vitamin B2, regardless of whether it costs one hundred rubles or several thousand, contains the same active substance, so there is not much point in overpaying. True, in American preparations one tablet contains a much higher concentration of the vitamin than in domestic remedies. At the same time, the instructions for taking vitamin B2 are specific for each drug, there are no universal instructions, since the dosages in the tablets are different.

Vitamin B2 in capsules from Russia is sold under the name Blagomin B2. It is difficult to find foreign analogues in pharmacies. Most of them are found in online pharmacies.

Riboflavin in both tablets and capsules is absorbed in the same way.

In capsules, vitamin B2 is produced under the brand name "Riboflavin-mononucletotide" (Russia or Belarus).

The need for riboflavin injections or medications, as well as the dosage and duration of administration, should be determined by the doctor.

Benefits of riboflavin for hair

Vitamin B2 in ampoules can significantly improve the condition and appearance of hair. If they become not as elastic as they were, faded and break badly, then they need additional nutrition.

Hair masks with vitamin B2 can correct the situation very quickly. It is best to use the vitamin both externally and internally. It is enough to add a few drops to ready-made shampoos, conditioners and hair masks.

Also, the vitamin can be used in its pure form, rubbing the liquid from one ampoule of riboflavin into the scalp immediately after washing with massage movements.

What foods have the most vitamin B2? Who discovered riboflavin and when is it used? How many mg does an adult need? How does it interact with other drugs and affect the formation of blood cells? How to understand that the body lacks this vitamin?

The content of the article:

Riboflavin is yellowish-orange needle-like crystals with a bitter taste. The biologically active form of riboflavin is called flavin adenine dinucleotide, which is synthesized in the human body in the liver, kidneys and some tissues. Another derivative is riboflavin-5-phosphoric acid, which can be found naturally in raw yeast.

Synonyms of riboflavin: ovoflavin, lactoflavin, hepatoflavin, uroflavin, verdoflavin, beflavin, betavitam, beflavit, flavitol, flavaxin, lactobene, vitaflavin, ribovin, vitaplex B2. All names indicate the sources from which vitamin B2 was originally isolated - these are eggs, milk, plants, liver, urine.

Discovery of vitamin B2

This substance was first discovered by the scientist Bliss in 1879, and in 1932 it was identified as riboflavin (Vitamin B2).

The action of riboflavin

It improves the process of energy mechanisms, helps to burn sugar. In combination with phosphoric acid and proteins, in the presence of trace elements (for example, magnesium), it creates enzymes that are needed for transporting oxygen and metabolizing saccharides.

Riboflavin, together with folic acid, is involved in the formation of new blood cells in the bone marrow and, together with thiamine, helps to better absorb iron. Therefore, patients with anemia and pregnant women are prescribed iron supplements with folic acid and vitamin B2.

What factors reduce the content of riboflavin?

It is destroyed by underactive or overactive thyroid, as well as drugs, boric acid, and oral contraceptives.

All the characteristic properties of this substance must be taken into account when cooking. If you cook food in an open pan and drain the water, then the loss of vitamin will be great. It also breaks down when beef and vegetables are thawed for 14 hours in the light. To preserve the right amount of vitamins, it is advisable to defrost food in the oven, wrapped in aluminum foil, or put them directly in boiling water.

In the food industry, it is used as a food coloring (E101) or for food enrichment.

Vitamin B2 Interaction

1. Riboflavin is exposed to sunlight, poorly soluble in water, ethanol, insoluble in acetone, diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform. Quickly "dies" in an alkaline and persists in an acidic environment.
2. Thyroidin enhances the conversion of vitamin B2 into its active coenzyme forms.
3. Used for psychosis and depression, chlorpromazine inhibits the conversion of riboflavin into a coenzyme form, and spironolactone blocks it.
4. Drugs capable of inhibiting riboflavin metabolism are imipramine, tricyclic antidepressants, and amitriptyline.
5. Boric acid can increase the loss (excretion) of vitamin B2, while in the treatment of boric acid poisoning, on the contrary, riboflavin is used.

Daily dose of vitamin B2

For women, it is 1.2 mg, for men - 1.6 mg. Pregnant women, as well as those who consume a lot of meat and protein products, need more (3 mg).

What foods contain vitamin B2?

Most of all it is found in baker's dried yeast, then in descending order are fresh yeast, milk powder, mackerel, almonds, cocoa, chicken eggs and, veal, peanuts, dry legumes, flour, lamb, beef, buckwheat, oatmeal, spinach, green peas, cauliflower, potatoes, cottage cheese.

You should know that:

• The softer the cottage cheese, the more whey it contains, and hence vitamin B2.
• Milk in a glass container loses more riboflavin in daylight (such as by a window).
• In a couple of hours, milk in transparent bottles can lose up to 50% of this vitamin.
• Part of the vitamin will be lost if vegetables are washed in a large volume of water, and this also happens during long storage (about 1% per day).

Consequences of deficiency (hypovitaminosis) and overdose of vitamin B2

• Weakness;
• Decreased appetite, weight loss;
• Headache, skin burning;
• Violation of twilight vision, pain in the eyes;
• angular stomatitis;
• Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tongue and oral cavity;
• Seborrheic dermatitis of the labial folds and nose;
• Hair loss, skin dermatitis;
• Blepharitis, conjunctivitis;
• Slow mental reaction, growth retardation.

The human body is unable to store riboflavin, and virtually any excess will be excreted in the urine. The only thing that can indicate its excess is the staining of urine in a bright yellow color.

Anyone who cares about their health should know what vitamin B2 is for, what foods it contains and what it is.

It is a natural pigment, soluble in water, participating in almost all physiological and biochemical processes of the body. Simply put, without it it is impossible to achieve either good health or beauty.

Properties of vitamin B2

There are several names for this vitamin: B2, G, lactoflavin, hepatoflavin, verdeflavin, riboflavin. The latter is used more often, meaning "yellow sugar".

Initially, the vitamin was isolated from whey, eggs, liver, plant products, hence the many different names.

Initially, it was isolated from whey, eggs, liver, plant products, hence the many different names.

It is vitamin B2 that gives the yellow color to the urine. Its too saturated shade should alert - for some reason, the body removes riboflavin.

Vitamin B2 is essential for the formation of red blood cells - erythrocytes, ATP (adenositriphosphoric acid), the formation of a healthy fetus during pregnancy, normal growth, the formation of reproductive function.

Together with vitamin A, it ensures the division of epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes, maintaining the health of the stomach, intestines and other organs of the digestive system, urinary organs, bronchi, lungs, as well as the cardiovascular and central nervous systems.

Promotes the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, protects it from various adverse effects. It supports the ability of the eyes to see well at dusk, to distinguish colors, helps to nourish the vessels and nerves of the retina, and reduces the risk of inflammatory eye diseases.

It supports the ability of the eyes to see well at dusk, to distinguish colors, helps to nourish the vessels and nerves of the retina, and reduces the risk of inflammatory eye diseases.

Riboflavin promotes the synthesis and absorption of other important vitamins and minerals: iron, folic acid (B9), pyridoxine (B6) and vitamin K, is involved in protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, releases energy from food. Helps keep hair and nails healthy.

Note! Vitamin B is found in some foods as a yellow food coloring under the code E101.

Vitamin B comes not only with food, but is also synthesized in the body by intestinal microflora. Therefore, it is so important to monitor the health of the digestive system, to treat intestinal disorders in time.

Foods with vitamin B2

Proper nutrition is the main way to get riboflavin. Yeast, liver, kidneys and other offal, almonds, peanuts, quail eggs are the richest in them. These products can be considered champions in terms of B2 content.

Proper nutrition is the main way to get riboflavin. Yeast, liver, kidneys and other offal, almonds, peanuts, quail eggs are the richest in them.

Slightly less vitamin B contains dairy products, buckwheat and oatmeal, whole grain bread, legumes, green vegetables, fish, beef, chicken. But in potatoes, tomatoes, apples, semolina, millet it is very small.

High level

High level - from 0.44 to 4 mg per 100 g of the product. The list of products includes brewer's and baker's yeast, liver, kidneys and other offal, wheat germ, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, almonds, peanuts, quail and chicken eggs, mushrooms, chanterelles.

Some nuts and most grains contain high levels of vitamin B2.

Average level

The average level is from 0.1 mg to 0.4 mg. Such products include processed and hard cheeses, sea fish, corn, brown rice, broccoli, white cabbage, cauliflower, asparagus, spinach, parsley, dill, green onions, buckwheat.

As well as lentils, oatmeal, whole grain bread, cottage cheese, whey, kefir, milk, rose hips, cranberries, pine nuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, beans, peas, figs, dates, beef, lamb, chicken, rabbit, pork, dark chocolate .

Most dairy products have an average level of vitamin B2.

Low level

Low level - 0.02 to 0.08 mg. Available in such products: white rice, turnips, carrots, apples, millet, semolina, tomatoes, potatoes, tomatoes, mayonnaise.

To maintain the proper level of vitamin B2 in the body, it is not necessary to lean only on the liver and almonds. Nutrition should be varied and balanced, be sure to include cereals, especially buckwheat and oatmeal, vegetables, greens, berries.

Nutrition should be varied and balanced, be sure to include vegetables.

It is advisable not to abuse refined foods, alcohol and carbonated drinks.

Additional vitamin complexes must be selected individually, carefully studying the composition.

Sometimes active or excipients - modified starch or dyes cause allergies.

Drinks containing vitamin B2

When there is no time or opportunity to cook a full meal, you can get the norm of riboflavin by drinking two glasses of kefir or other fermented milk drink.

You can get the norm of riboflavin by drinking two glasses of kefir or another fermented milk drink.

It is useful to prepare vitamin fruit drinks from sea buckthorn berries, cranberries, currants or rosehips and replace them with the usual coffee or cola.

Not only does sage and peppermint tea soothe and treat inflammatory conditions, it also supports riboflavin levels in the body.

Regular consumption of cocoa will help children get the necessary vitamin.

How to save vitamin B2 in foods

Vitamin B2 is a fairly stable substance, it tolerates heat treatment well.

Adding vinegar and sour sauces to dishes will also not cause much harm, but baking soda or baking powder can destroy riboflavin in a minute completely - it does not tolerate an alkaline environment, this must be remembered.

Bright light is another enemy of vitamin B2, products containing it should not be left in the sun and stored in transparent packaging. The refrigerator or dark closet is the best place to source riboflavin.

The refrigerator or dark closet is the best place to source riboflavin.

When buying milk and dairy products in the store, it is worth remembering that packaged in bottles, it loses more than half of vitamin B2. During cooking and prolonged soaking, vitamin B2 passes from food into water and, together with it, flows into the sink.

To prevent the destruction of vitamins, cereals and vegetables are best cooked under a closed lid, meat, fish, offal stew or bake. Frozen foods are best cooked immediately, without defrosting.

Porridge is best boiled in water, and milk is added to the finished dish - when heated, it loses almost half of vitamin B2.

How much vitamin B2 is needed, in what foods it is contained, it will be useful to know in order to properly organize nutrition.

Need for vitamin B2

Riboflavin does not accumulate in the body - the amount that is synthesized by the intestines is not enough for the needs of the body. To avoid vitamin B2 deficiency, you need to eat foods that contain it.

To avoid a lack of vitamin B2, you need to eat foods that contain it.

A person needs riboflavin while in the womb, after birth this need increases every year. Daily consumption rates depend on age, health status, lifestyle.

Daily requirement for vitamin B2 depending on age:

1. From 0 to 6 months - 0.5 mg;
2. 6 months - 1 year - 0.6 mg;
3. 1 - 3 years - 0.9 mg;
4. 3 - 6 years - 1.0 mg;
5. 6 - 10 years - 1.4 mg;
6. 10 - 14 - 1.7 mg;
7. 14 - 18 - 1.8 mg;
8. 18 - 59 - 1.5 mg;
9. 59 - 74 - 1.6 mg;
10. 74 years and older - 1.4 mg.

During pregnancy, lactation, vitamin B2 requires 0.5 mg more than usual.

Its consumption is increased during stress, colds and inflammatory diseases, strong physical exertion, regular alcohol consumption, and smoking.

The consumption of B2 is increased during stress, colds and inflammatory diseases, strong physical exertion, regular alcohol consumption, and smoking.

It is generally accepted that women need slightly less vitamin B than men. In part, this opinion is supported by doctors, referring to the more difficult physical working conditions, stress, and the presence of bad habits in the strong half of humanity.

However, women are equally prone to the same problems, and pregnancy, lactation, hormonal fluctuations increase the consumption of vitamin B2 even more.

Vitamin B2 deficiency

In order for the body not to experience vitamin hunger, several conditions must be met:

The body does not accumulate riboflavin, a short-term overdose can occur only when using vitamin preparations, but it does not lead to any serious consequences. Excess riboflavin is regularly excreted from the body in the urine.

Its deficiency, especially a long one, is much more serious.

The first sign of B2 deficiency is skin problems: increased peeling or greasiness, dermatitis, boils, irritation and cracks in the corners of the mouth (jamming), dry lips.

Eye problems: fatigue, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelids, frequent stye. A lack of vitamin B2 gives out a bright red swollen tongue, sores in the mouth.

With a systematic deficiency (ariboflaminosis), persistent anemia develops - iron ceases to be absorbed, muscle cramps appear, legs begin to hurt, itching of the external genitalia and discomfort when urinating.

Possible loss of hair and eyelashes, often overtaken by nervous disorders and depression, unreasonable physical fatigue.

Drinking strong coffee practically kills vitamin B2 in the body.

Vitamin B2 deficiency occurs for many reasons: if there are problems with the stomach, intestines, thyroid gland, hyporiboflaminosis is natural, in these cases a comprehensive examination is required.

Important to remember! Vitamin B2 deficiency leads to the use of antagonist drugs, that is, incompatible with it: sulfonamides, contraceptives, diuretics.

Alcohol and strong coffee literally kill vitamin B, highly carbonated drinks also work.

The lack of proper nutrition, especially the passion for hungry sheets, is also a common cause of hyporiboflavinosis.

The most dangerous thing is the lack of riboflavin for children: growth slows down, mental, mental and physical development suffers.

Preparations containing vitamin B2

Chemically pure riboflavin is a yellow bitterish powder. It is produced in tablet form, in solutions for injection, in the form of eye drops.

Separately, vitamin B2 is rarely found in tablets, more often it is part of complex dietary supplements that combine B vitamins and trace elements.

An indispensable condition for the effectiveness of vitamin preparations of vitamin B2 is intake with food, ideally, along with the products in which it is contained.

Brewer's yeast

The most physiological complexes containing brewer's yeast - they have a completely natural composition, subject to the indicated dosage, you can not be afraid of side effects.

As part of brewer's yeast, vitamin B2 is combined with iron, zinc, chromium, magnesium, vitamins E and PP, which contribute to better absorption of riboflavin, helping to gently and effectively solve health problems.

Prescribe a drug for skin problems of a different nature- increased fat content, seborrhea, dryness, frequent inflammation, dermatitis, the appearance of early wrinkles.

As part of brewer's yeast, vitamin B2 is combined with iron, zinc, chromium, magnesium, vitamins E and PP, which contribute to better absorption of riboflavin.

The results of taking brewer's yeast include the following changes:

• the chromium contained in the preparation helps to regulate carbohydrate metabolism and other types of metabolic disorders;
• the work of the digestive tract is improving;
• stabilizes the state of the nervous system;
• eye fatigue is reduced;
• hair and nails become stronger;
• the deficiency of vitamins, minerals and amino acids is replenished, general well-being improves.

You can take dietary supplements with brewer's yeast not only as a therapeutic, but also a prophylactic agent: nervous and physical overload, malnutrition.

Taking brewer's yeast brings a systemic result - not one, but several problems that have a common cause are eliminated.

Contraindications to taking yeast: age under three years, fungal diseases, hypersensitivity and severe kidney disease. Pregnant women can use the drug after consulting a doctor.

Injection

Riboflavin mononucleotide is available in ampoules, intended for intramuscular and intravenous injections. The composition includes pure riboflavin dissolved in distilled water.

The drug is prescribed:

The advantages of the solution are that it enters directly into the muscles, bypassing the stomach, is absorbed completely and has practically no contraindications, except for increased sensitivity.

With simultaneous use with antibiotics, especially tetracycline, doxycycline, the effect of riboflavin is reduced. You can not use vitamin B2 with stremomycin.

The daily intake of vitamin B2 solution is 1 ml- the contents of one ampoule. With an overdose, itching is possible, with a regular or significant overdose - a rash.

Eye drops

Aqueous 0.01% solution of vitamin B2 is intended for topical use in diseases of the retina, eye cornea, conjunctivitis, frequent styes, visual impairment in hypertension or diabetes mellitus.

Drops can be used as a strengthening and prophylactic agent for large visual loads, discomfort and a feeling of sand in the eyes.

Although vitamin B2 preparations are sold without a prescription, you can not use them on your own, without a doctor's prescription is still impossible. It is necessary to make sure that there are no contraindications, to undergo an examination, otherwise taking a useful remedy may be wasted or harmful.

By reducing the risk of hyporiboflaminosis, you can maintain fresh skin, healthy hair, and delay aging and health problems for a long time.

Not much is needed for this: make sure that the menu always contains foods containing vitamin B2 in the required amount, cook and store them correctly, do not abuse coffee and alcohol, and do not smoke.

From this video, you can learn for yourself information about the B vitamins, in particular B2, and their lack in the body.

This video will introduce you to the most important information about vitamin B2.

This video provides you with information about the role of vitamin B2 in the body, the reasons for its lack.

Vitamin G or B2 (Latin name Riboflavinum - riboflavin, lactoflavin) is an easily absorbed yellow substance, a coenzyme of various biochemical processes in the body, which performs a key function in maintaining the health of people and animals.

Physical properties of the compound:

• has a yellow-orange color, bitter taste;
• stable in an acidic environment;
• tolerates heat well (melting point reaches 280 ° C);
• poorly soluble in ethyl solutions, water (0.11 mg / ml at 27.5 ° C);
• insoluble in chloroform, benzene, acetone, diethyl ether;
• breaks down in alkaline solutions;
• decomposes under the influence of UV radiation.

Despite the instability in alkalis, riboflavin is easily reduced by the addition of hydrogen at the site of double bonds. These properties of vitamin B2 (oxidation and reduction) underlie the course of cellular metabolism.

The structural formula of riboflavin is C17H20N4O6.

Let us consider in detail the physicochemical properties, significance, signs and consequences of a compound deficiency, how to make up for the shortage, what it contains, instructions for use (daily rate).

General information

Who discovered lactoflavin?

Also, riboflavin is involved in the metabolism of vitamin B6, folic acid, niacin, iron and is part of coenzymes that promote the breakdown of BJU and their transition into an energy form.

Interaction with other substances

Cooking a small amount of food at a time (without reheating), placing frozen foods directly in boiling water (without pre-thawing) or in the oven (in aluminum foil) will help maximize the preservation of riboflavin in foods.

Remember, the absorption of vitamin B2 is affected by the intake of certain medications.

Consider the compatibility of lactoflavin and other drugs.

1. The simultaneous intake of riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin K and folic acid leads to a mutual enhancement of the action of nutrients.
2. Thyroidin increases the rate of conversion of vitamin B2 into coenzyme compounds.
3. Erythromycin and tetracycline increase the excretion of lactoflavin.
4. Riboflavin, together with nicotinic acid, activates the mechanisms of detoxification of the body, as a result of which the excretion of final metabolic metabolites is accelerated.
5. Powerful tranquilizers (fluorothiazine, chlorpromazine), tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline) and peripheral vasodilators (hydralazine, diazoxide, minoxidil) inhibit the utilization of vitamin B2 by disrupting the synthesis of coenzyme forms.
6. Riboflavin increases the bioavailability of zinc.
7. The joint intake of lactoflavin and iron leads to the accumulation and enhancement of the pharmacological properties of the trace element.
8. Antipsychotics used in depression and psychosis, in particular chlorpromazine, inhibit the conversion of the nutrient into a biologically active form.
9. The diuretic spironolactone blocks the synthesis of vitamin B2.
10. Antihypertensive drugs enhance the transformation of riboflavin into biologically active compounds.
11. In the presence of boric acid, vitamin B2 is destroyed.

Given the mechanism of action and the compatibility of medicinal substances, it is easy to draw up an effective nutrient intake regimen, and subsequently prevent beriberi.

The mother's body is the only "source" of nutrients for the developing fetus in the womb. Along with negative genetic factors, the lack of basic nutrients, in 70% of cases, leads to a violation of the course of pregnancy, premature birth, bleeding and the onset of toxicosis. In addition, most of the diseases detected in newborns are acquired during fetal development.

Numerous scientific studies confirm the existence of a direct relationship between nutrient deficiencies and malformations in the development of the embryo. In view of this, it is advisable for expectant mothers to take organic nutritional supplements and multivitamin complexes.

One of the most important nutrients during pregnancy is riboflavin (in Latin - Riboflavini). Vitamin B2 is necessary for the proper formation of the nervous system, muscles and skeleton in the developing fetus. The lack of this substance can lead to intrauterine death of the embryo, early birth, the appearance of congenital anomalies (growth retardation, skin and eye damage) in infants, decreased lactation, and the development of seborrheic dermatitis in the expectant mother.

The daily requirement for pregnant women in B2 is 1.8 - 2.1 milligrams, and for nursing mothers - 1.9 - 2.5 milligrams. Do not be afraid if, while taking the vitamin, the urine turns bright yellow. This phenomenon is absolutely harmless and safe for both organisms.

Since lactoflavin is one of the main "participants" of protein metabolism, it is advisable to use it in strength sports and bodybuilding. The vitamin is especially useful for professional athletes, as it helps to transform the energy received into the muscular relief of the body. In addition, the nutrient regulates the supply of oxygen to the muscles, as a result of which the risk of developing hypoxia during training is halved.

The daily requirement of vitamin B2 for bodybuilders is 3-5 milligrams. Taking riboflavin supplements doubles the results of strength training.

The mechanism of the biological action of riboflavin consists in the construction of two coenzymes that are involved in the synthesis of the ATP molecule and some proteins (erythropoietin, hemoglobin, catecholamines) that are part of the redox enzyme systems of the body. Along with this, vitamin B2 is an indispensable “helper” for the eyes. By protecting the retina from excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays, the nutrient is involved in the construction of visual purple. At the same time, the absorption spectra of lactoflavin (maxima) lie in the region of 445, 375, 260 and 225 nanometers.

Therapeutic effects of vitamin B2

1. Antihypoxic. Riboflavin supports the ability of cells to synthesize and efficiently use ATP energy molecules, including when there is a violation of oxygen supply to tissues.
2. Adaptation-trophic. With regular consumption of the vitamin, metabolic processes in the body are normalized and the functional state of the brain is improved.
3. Detoxifying. Lactoflavin as part of complex therapy for liver restoration enhances the hepatoprotective effect of herbal preparations. Due to this, the barrier, excretory and digestive functions of the organ increase.
4. Keratoplastic. The nutrient is used to normalize the process of skin keratinization, resorption of inflammatory infiltrates, restore the normal structure of the dermis and epidermis.
5. Anabolic. Since vitamin B2 increases the activity of plastic energy metabolism enzymes and stimulates the synthesis of protein metabolism, with an increase in dosage, there is a systematic increase in muscle mass.
6. Neurotropic. Enrichment of the daily diet with products that contain lactoflavin leads to an increase in the synthesis of neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, GABA, acetylcholine) in the brain and the restoration of the myelin sheaths of the nerve trunks (in combination with lecithin).

These effects are only relevant if the daily nutrient deficiency is covered in full.

Scientific studies conducted in 2004 by nutritionists Ruslana Piskoppel and Vladimir Dadali confirm the fact that the concentration of biologically active substances in products has significantly decreased over the past 20 years. Therefore, every day there is a need to receive a huge amount of a variety of food. And since many vitamins, including riboflavin, are not able to accumulate in the body, it is almost impossible to maintain their required balance in the blood. Therefore, to compensate for the deficiency of nutrients, it is advisable to use nutritional supplements in tablets, capsules or in the form of dragees.

Balanced complexes of B vitamins - Neurobion, Neurostabil, Vita B Plus, Vita-Escort, Vitabalance 2000, B-50. However, these preparations, in addition to useful substances, contain capsule shells consisting of harmful ingredients: gelatin, dyes. The use of liquid riboflavin (in ampoules) will help prevent a negative reaction of the body in case of individual intolerance to the components. The composition of the vitamin solution includes distilled water and pure lactoflavin.

Clinical Application

For the treatment of B2-avitaminosis, 10 milligrams of an organic nutrient is taken 3 to 5 times a day (orally or parenterally). While taking medications, it is advisable to follow a healthy diet.

If there are seizures on the oral mucosa, to which the infection has joined, local treatment should be carried out simultaneously with therapy - lotions, ointments, rinses, antibiotics. However, avitaminosis, as an independent disease, occurs relatively rarely. Much more often, nutrient deficiency manifests itself along with other pathologies against the background of prolonged microelementosis. In such cases, vitamin B2 is combined with other drugs.

Therapeutic uses of riboflavin

Pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract

It is especially important to use vitamin B2 for toxic lesions of the digestive organs, in particular, Botkin's disease. This pathology leads to dysfunction of the liver (carbohydrate, antitoxic, pigment) and pancreas (endocrine). As a result, riboflavin metabolism and insular activity of the blood are inhibited. The severe course of the disease is accompanied by a sharp decrease in lactoflavin in urine. According to Dr. T. N. Zabelina, vitamin B2, as part of the complex therapy of Botkin's disease, improves blood and urine laboratory parameters (Quick test, bilirubin level). As the recovery progresses, there is an increase in the excretion of riboflavin in the urine. This phenomenon is used as an indicator of the severity of the course of an infectious disease. In addition, riboflavin metabolism is also disturbed in other liver abnormalities (cirrhosis, fatty degeneration, structural degeneration). Since the affected organ is "not able" to accumulate the nutrient, as a result, hypovitaminosis gradually develops. In view of this, the use of vitamin B2 is a clinically sound decision. If the patient has diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (enterocolitis, anacid gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux, dysfunction of the small intestine), due to which the natural absorption of the vitamin is disturbed, the drug should be administered parenterally.

Heart disease

These pathologies in 95% of cases are accompanied by metabolic disorders in the myocardium. Vitamin B2, as part of complex therapy, helps to normalize metabolism in the heart muscle, since the maximum amount of riboflavin is deposited in it.

Pathology of the endocrine ring

Increased thyroid function and Graves' disease increase the excretion of vitamin B2 in the urine. Therefore, in the presence of these problems, it is advisable to take riboflavin additionally. In addition, the excretion of a substance with urine is increased by pathologies of the pancreas, in particular, diabetes mellitus. Parenteral administration of the nutrient compensates for its deficiency and causes a short-term decrease in hyperglycemia. Violation of riboflavin metabolism is also relevant for people suffering from Addison's disease. In this case, the excretion of a useful compound in the urine is reduced by 3 times. Therefore, along with vitamin B2, a drug is used - deoxycorticosterone. The steroid hormone, acting on the adrenal cortex, stimulates the phosphorylation of riboflavin. As a result, normalization of the urinary excretion of the substance occurs.

Dermatology

Vitamin B2 is used in the treatment of streptococcal skin lesions, erythroderma, seborrheic eczema, exfoliative dermatitis, burns, photodermatosis.

Ophthalmic diseases

Metabolic processes in the eye proceed with the participation of lactoflavin. Therefore, the presence of ophthalmic pathologies (primary glaucoma, presenile cataract, corneal vascularization, non-infectious conjunctivitis, keratitis of unknown etiology) and functional visual disorders are direct indications for additional intake of vitamin B2. In addition, the nutrient is used in the treatment caused by eye fatigue. In the treatment of these diseases, riboflavin is used parenterally, orally and topically. For external use, the optimal form of release is eye drops (2%).

At the obstetric clinic

In pregnant women, in 80% of cases, a reduced concentration of riboflavin in the blood. This problem is especially relevant for women in childbirth who suffer from cracked nipples. Prophylactic intake of the nutrient during pregnancy helps prevent the development of mastitis and reduce pain in the chest by 4 times. How to take vitamin B2? Expectant mothers (in the last trimester) are recommended to enter into the diet 20 milligrams of the substance per day, and women, within a week after childbirth, 20 milligrams twice a day. If cracks are present on the nipples, it is advisable to combine oral intake of the nutrient (20 milligrams 2 times a day) with topical treatment with riboflavin ointment. To do this, a 2% solution is applied to the lesion three times a day after feeding.

In cosmetology

Given the fact that lactoflavin is a “skin” vitamin, a good complexion is impossible without it. The consumption of B2-containing products in combination with the external use of riboflavin masks (1 time per week) leads to the activation of oxygen “transportation” to the tissues and improves the functioning of capillaries. This reduces acne, improves complexion and accelerates the process of skin regeneration. Vitamin B2 is indispensable for hair and nails, as it helps to normalize the metabolism of fatty acids. When choosing riboflavin cosmetics, it is important to carefully consider the brand reputation and cost. The production of high-quality products that contain a high concentration of the active substance is a labor-intensive and materially costly process. Therefore, many companies, using a negligible amount of vitamin, hide the true composition of the drug. The exception is some professional brands that are used by cosmetologists (Academie Scientifique de Beaute, Adonia Organics, Hysqia, Adina Cosmetics Professional, Beaubelle).

Diseases of the newborn

Determination of bilirubin in the blood of a child is a direct indication for phototherapy. With light exposure, in addition to the destruction of the toxin that causes jaundice, there is a natural breakdown of vitamin B2. In view of this, the nutrient is included in the complex therapy of newborns. The daily norm of riboflavin for children (0 to 6 months) is 0.3 milligrams.

For weight loss

Vitamin B2 is involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulates the metabolism in the body. Therefore, for a person who wants to lose weight, this nutrient is a daily “helper”. Increase the daily dosage of riboflavin should only be prescribed by the attending physician.

Thus, vitamin B2 or riboflavin is one of the most important water-soluble vitamins, a substance of “health and beauty”, a coenzyme of most biochemical processes, an engine of the body in the processes of energy production in cells, a growth stimulator and the best assistant in the treatment of neurological and eye diseases. The compound plays a key role in the course of redox reactions, in the work of the cardiac, digestive, and nervous systems. Therefore, for the well-being of a person, it is important to ensure a systematic (daily) intake of riboflavin in the body in the amount of the required daily allowance.

Place of work: LLC “SL Medical Group”, Maikop.

Education:1990-1996, North Ossetian State Medical Academy.

Training:

1. In 2016, at the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, she completed advanced training under the additional professional program "Therapy" and was admitted to medical or pharmaceutical activities in the specialty of therapy.

2. In 2017, by the decision of the examination committee at a private institution of additional professional education "Institute for Advanced Training of Medical Personnel", she was admitted to medical or pharmaceutical activities in the specialty radiology.

Work experience: therapist - 18 years, radiologist - 2 years.

Physico-chemical properties of vitamin B2

B2 is yellow-orange needle-shaped crystals collected in large flasks, has a bitter taste. Riboflavin is stable in an acidic environment and rapidly degrades in an alkaline environment. Tolerates heat well.

Riboflavin is a biologically active substance that plays an important role in maintaining human health (calorific agent). The biological role of riboflavin is determined by the inclusion of its derivatives - coenzymes - into the composition of a large number of the most important redox enzymes.

Daily requirement for vitamin B2

Age/gender	Daily vitamin requirement (in mg)
Children 1-6 months	0,5
Children 7-12 months	0,8
Children 1-3 years old	0,9
Children 3-7 years old	1,2
Children 7-10 years old	1,5
Teenagers 10-14 years old	1,6
Youth 15-18 years old	1,8
Men 19-59 years old	1,5
Men 60-74 years old	1,7
Men over 75	1,6
Girls 15-18 years old	1,5
Women 19-59 years old	1,3
Women 60-74 years old	1,5
Women over 75	1,4
Pregnant women	2,0
breastfeeding women	2,2

The decrease in the level of vitamin B2 in the body is facilitated by: weather conditions, great psychological and physical stress, oral contraceptives, poor thyroid function, excessive alcohol consumption.

Vitamin B2 is necessary for the formation of red blood cells, antibodies, for the regulation of growth and reproductive functions in the body. It is also essential for healthy skin, nails, hair growth, and overall overall health, including thyroid function.

The most important functions of vitamin B2:

• Participates in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism;
• Participates in the synthesis of glycogen;
• Helps absorb iron needed to make new red blood cells
• Strengthens the immune system and defense mechanisms of the body;
• Plays an important role in the functioning of the nervous system, helps in the treatment of such diseases as: epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and increased anxiety;
• It is necessary to maintain the normal state of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and intestines;
• Regulates the function of the thyroid gland;
• Promotes normal light and color vision, protects the retina from excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays, reduces eye fatigue, provides dark adaptation, improves visual acuity and plays an important role in preventing cataracts;
• Helps with acne, dermatitis, eczema;
• Accelerates the healing of damaged tissues;
• Reduces the effects of toxins on the lungs and airways.

Harmful properties of vitamin B2

There is only one harmful property of vitamin B2 - a possible fatty liver. But this can happen only in the case of the absorption of vitamin complexes in uncontrolled regimes and the abuse of various dietary supplements.

Vitamin B2 absorption

Vitamin B2 is quite well absorbed from food, but it has some peculiarities. From vegetables, it is absorbed better if they are previously subjected to heat treatment. People who take B2 as a dietary supplement should remember that the vitamin is well absorbed when there is enough food in the stomach. If taken on an empty stomach, riboflavin will be less absorbed. Also, if a person is on a strict diet and eats very little, this reduces the absorption of B2.

External manifestations of riboflavin deficiency in humans are lesions of the mucous membrane of the lips with vertical cracks and desquamation of the epithelium, ulceration in the corners of the mouth, swelling and redness of the tongue, seborrheic dermatitis on the nasolabial fold, wings of the nose, ears, and eyelids. Often, changes in the organs of vision also develop: photophobia, vascularization of the cornea, conjunctivitis, keratitis and, in some cases, cataracts (calorizator). In some cases, with beriberi, anemia and nervous disorders occur, manifested in muscle weakness, burning pain in the legs, etc.

The main reasons for the lack of riboflavin in humans are insufficient intake of and, which are the main sources of this vitamin; chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, taking medications that are riboflavin antagonists.

Too much vitamin B2 in the body

The human body does not store riboflavin and any excess is excreted in the urine. With an excess of riboflavin, urine turns bright yellow. Signs of excess vitamin B2: malabsorption, increased tendon reflexes, cerebral insufficiency, dizziness, rarely itching, numbness, burning or tingling.

Interaction of vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) with other substances

For more information about vitamin B2, see the video clip “Organic Chemistry. Vitamin B2"