Federal Assembly State Duma of the Russian Federation Federation Council
State Duma composition Two representatives from each subject of the Russian Federation: one each from the representative and executive bodies of state power (there are 83 subjects in the Russian Federation, therefore 166 members of the Federation Council). The State Duma consists of 450 deputies (The same person cannot simultaneously be a member of the Federation Council and a deputy of the State Duma. term The Federation Council does not have a set term for its legislature. The State Duma is elected for a constitutionally established term of 5 years. The procedure for the formation of both chambers is established by federal laws .
State Duma of the Russian Federation
State Duma of the Russian Federation State Duma of the Russian Federation (briefly State Duma) the lower house of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (Article 95 of the current Constitution of Russia) The legal status of the State Duma is defined in the fifth chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The State Duma consists of 450 deputies (Article 95 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The First State Duma was elected together with the Federation Council on the day of the popular vote on the Constitution on December 12, 1993 for a period of two years (according to the transitional provisions of the adopted Constitution). The term of office of the 2nd-4th convocations of the State Duma is four years. Due to amendments to the 2008 Constitution, the next convocations of deputies will be elected for a period of five years. The work of the Duma is headed by the Chairman of the Duma and his deputies, while each faction or deputy group can nominate a deputy chairman of the State Duma. The work of deputies is carried out within the framework of committees and commissions of the State Duma. Deputies of the State Duma Staff of the State Duma
State Duma of the Russian Federation Powers The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 103) defines the following powers of the State Duma and gives the right to make decisions on them: giving consent to the President of the Russian Federation to appoint the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation; hearing annual reports of the Government of the Russian Federation on the results of its activities, including on issues raised by the State Duma; resolving the issue of trust in the Government of the Russian Federation; appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of Russia; appointment and dismissal of the chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation and half of its auditors; appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, acting in accordance with federal constitutional law; amnesty announcement; bringing charges against the President of the Russian Federation for his removal from office.
Council of the State Duma First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Deputies of the State Duma Chairman of the State Duma Factions of political parties Committees and commissions of the State Duma
State Duma of the Russian Federation Committees of the State Duma The State Duma forms committees and commissions. Committees are the main organs of the House involved in the legislative process. They are formed, as a rule, on the principle of proportional representation of deputy associations. Chairmen of committees, their first deputies and deputies are elected by a majority vote of the total number of deputies on the proposal of deputy associations. Powers of the committees: making proposals for the formation of an approximate program of legislative work of the State Duma for the current session and a calendar for consideration of issues by the State Duma for the next month; carry out preliminary consideration of bills and their preparation for consideration by the State Duma; preparation of draft resolutions of the State Duma; preparation of opinions on bills and draft resolutions submitted to the State Duma for consideration; preparation, in accordance with the decision of the Chamber, of requests to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; in accordance with the decision of the Council of the State Duma, the instructions of the Chairman of the State Duma, preparation of draft resolutions of the State Duma on sending representatives of the State Duma to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; organization of parliamentary hearings held by the State Duma; conclusions and proposals on the relevant sections of the draft federal budget; analysis of the practice of applying legislation.
State Duma of the Russian Federation State Duma Committees State Duma Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Building State Duma Committee on Civil, Criminal, Arbitration and Procedural Legislation State Duma Committee on Labor and Social Policy State Duma Committee on Budget and Taxes State Duma Committee on Financial Market State Duma Committee on Economic Policy and Entrepreneurship State Duma Committee on Property State Duma Committee on Industry State Duma Committee on Construction and Land Relations State Duma Committee on Energy State Duma Committee on Transport State Duma Committee on Defense State Duma Committee on Security State Duma Committee on International Affairs State Duma Committee on Affairs of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Relations with Compatriots State Duma Committee on Federation Affairs and Regional Policy State Duma Committee on Local Self-Government Issues State Duma Committee on Regulations and Organization of Work of the State Duma State Duma Committee on Information Policy, Information Technologies and Communications State Duma Committee on Health Protection State Duma Committee on Education State Duma Committee on Family, Women and Children Issues Committee State Duma on Agrarian Issues State Duma Committee on Natural Resources, Environmental Management and Ecology State Duma Committee on Culture State Duma Committee on Public Associations and Religious Organizations State Duma Committee on Nationalities State Duma Committee on Physical Culture and Sports State Duma Committee on Youth Affairs State Duma Committee on Northern and Far Issues East State Duma Committee on Veterans Affairs There are 32 committees in the State Duma of the 5th convocation.
State Duma of the Russian Federation State Duma Commissions In the State Duma of the 5th convocation, there are four commissions: State Duma Commission on mandate issues and issues of parliamentary ethics; State Duma Accounting Commission; State Duma Commission on consideration of federal budget expenditures aimed at ensuring the defense and state security of the Russian Federation; State Duma Commission on legislative support; anti-corruption
State Duma of the Russian Federation Formation Appointment of elections - elections of deputies of the State Duma are appointed by the President of the Russian Federation. Deputy - A citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached the age of 21 and has the right to participate in elections can be elected as a Deputy of the State Duma (and the same person cannot be both a Deputy of the State Duma and a member of the Federation Council). A deputy of the State Duma of the first convocation could simultaneously be a member of the Government of the Russian Federation. Electoral system - Since 2007, deputies of the State Duma have been elected using a proportional system (based on party lists). Previously, Russia had a mixed electoral system, since half of the total number of deputies was also elected under the majoritarian system (in single-mandate constituencies). Since 2005, the entry barrier has been increased to 7%. New rules were established specifically in order to cut off clearly unfavorable parties and undesirable candidates for the State Duma. The term of office of the 2nd-5th convocations of the State Duma is four years. Elections to the State Duma were held in 1993, 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2007.
State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation Meetings were held: from December 24, 2007 to the present Chairman: Gryzlov, Boris Vyacheslavovich, United Russia faction. Elections to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation took place on December 2, 2007. This is the first election in which the threshold for parties entering the Duma on party lists has been raised from 5% to 7%. In addition, the following were legislatively removed: the lower turnout threshold the ability to vote against everyone the majority system was abolished voting in single-mandate constituencies was prohibited for members of one party to run on the lists of another party forbidden to unite into electoral blocs Start date: December 2, 2007. Estimated expiration date: December 2, 2011.
Council of the State Duma First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Deputy Chairmen of the State Duma Deputies of the State Duma Chairman of the State Duma Faction of the All-Russian PP "UNITED RUSSIA" Faction "Liberal Democratic Party of Russia" Faction "A JUST RUSSIA" Faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Committees and commissions of the State Duma
State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation Deputy associations include factions and deputy groups. A deputy association can be formed on the basis of a party or electoral bloc that has entered the Duma in a federal electoral district. A deputy has the right to be a member of only one deputy association. FactionsNumber of deputies Share of votes United Russia faction31570% Communist Party of the Russian Federation faction5712.7% Liberal Democratic Party of Russia faction408.9% Just Russia faction388.4% Main parliamentary factions of the State Duma of the 5th convocation
State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation United Russia Faction: 315 deputies Faction of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia: 40 deputies Faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation: 57 deputies A Just Russia Faction: 38 deputies
State Duma of the Russian Federation The main elections in 2011 will be the elections of deputies to the State Duma. Deputies of the State Duma are elected from the federal electoral district in proportion to the number of votes cast for the federal lists of candidates for deputies of the State Duma. The federal electoral district in which deputies of the State Duma are elected includes the entire territory of the Russian Federation. Voters living outside the territory of the Russian Federation are considered assigned to the federal electoral district. Elections of deputies to the State Duma of the new convocation are appointed by the President of the Russian Federation. The decision to call elections must be made no earlier than 110 days and no later than 90 days before voting day. The term of office of deputies of the State Duma of the sixth convocation will be 5 years.
State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections will be held on the basis of the provisions of the Federal Law “On the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation”, adopted in 2007. Nomination of a list of candidates for deputies exclusively by political parties Federal part - up to 10 candidates The size of the electoral fund of an electoral association has been increased - up to 700 million rubles. In the Sverdlovsk region, regional branches of political parties will be able to use up to 55 million rubles. own election fund, previously it could be no more than 30 million rubles.
State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. “Electronics has long penetrated our lives and taken a strong position in it. Computers are replacing pens and pencils, and e-mail has almost replaced paper mail. Even newspapers are gradually moving to the Internet. In this stream of general informatization, there are no longer many islands of traditional technologies left. One of them, until recently, was voting in elections. The traditional process has not changed for decades. But progress cannot be stopped. Innovation has reached here too. Regular ballot boxes are becoming a thing of the past. Now voters are asked to place their ballots in special automated devices. Meet KOIB." (S.P. Saptsyn, Head of the Information Department of the Election Commission of the Sverdlovsk Region)
State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. Automated vote counting systems have been used in Russian elections since 1996. Initially, these were simply ballot scanners capable of working only with A4 sheets. They were quite bulky, expensive and difficult to maintain. Modernization was required, equipping them with a printer and modem, that is, the creation of complexes for processing ballots. Since 2004, election ballot processing systems - KOIB - have been used in elections.
State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. In the elections of deputies to the State Duma of the Russian Federation, it is planned to use ballot processing complexes - KOIBs - at 10% of polling stations in the Sverdlovsk region. The first use of electronic assistants in the Sverdlovsk region took place in the elections in Yekaterinburg on October 10, 2010. At the upcoming elections in March 2011 and in the future, election commissions plan to use modern KOIB-2010 devices. KOIB - complex for processing ballot papers
State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. The complex is an optical ballot scanner located above the ballot box (“ballot storage”) and integrated with a computer.
State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. Designed for automated counting of votes during elections in accordance with current legislation; printing the protocol of the precinct election commission on voting results
State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. Voters fill out ballots in the usual manner, which are then read by a scanner and placed in the ballot box. When voting using the KOIB, it is important not to crumple or fold the ballots, and also to place them in the ballot receptacle one at a time.
State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. The use of KOIB helps to clearly formalize the voting procedure and increase the objectivity of vote counting by reducing the influence of the human factor. As a result of their use, the efficiency of summarizing voting results is increased, the possibility of errors and forgeries when counting ballot papers and falsification of voting results at polling stations is eliminated, and the labor costs of members of election commissions is reduced. The experimental use of KOIB in elections in a number of regions showed the promise of their use, reliability and feasibility of further use.
State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. The use of modern information technologies, including the use of the public information and telecommunications network "Internet", is one of the priority areas for improving the electoral process as a whole and optimizing the activities of election commissions and referendum commissions. The organization of video surveillance at polling stations, referendum sites and broadcasting of images on the Internet is carried out in order to: increase the level of confidence of citizens in the electoral process; ensure maximum openness and publicity of the voting procedure and vote counting.
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Federal Assembly. Council of the Federation. The State Duma
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Parliamentarism is a system of organization and functioning of the supreme state power in democratic states, which is characterized by a clear separation of legislative and executive powers with the leading position of parliament.
In the long process of development and improvement of representative government, such a political and legal phenomenon as parliamentarism arose.
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In parliamentarism, the government is formed and controlled by parliaments.
At the same time, parliament is virtually independent of the government.
The trend is a gradual departure from the principles of classical parliamentarism.
Governments take over some of the functions of parliaments, for example in the form of so-called delegated legislation.
It happens that in response to parliament passing a vote of no confidence in the government, the head of state dissolves parliament.
Parliament
Chairman of the Government
Government
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mistrust DISSOLUTION ELECTIONS
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In Russia, the parliament is the Federal Assembly.
According to Article 94 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, “The Federal Assembly - the parliament of the Russian Federation - is the representative and legislative body of the Russian Federation. The Federal Assembly consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and the State Duma."
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The Federation Council includes two representatives from each subject of the Russian Federation. They are delegated to the Federation Council by the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The heads of the branches of government of the constituent entities are included in the State Council of the Russian Federation, headed by the President of the Russian Federation.
Council of the Federation
Legislative branch of subjects 1 person
Executive branch of subjects 1 person
State Council of the Russian Federation
Head of the legislative branch of the subjects
Head of the executive branch of the subjects
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The State Duma:
Consists of 450 deputies.
Elected for a term of four years.
A deputy of the State Duma can be:
A citizen of Russian Federation
At least 21 years of age and eligible to vote.
The same person cannot simultaneously be a member of the Federation Council and a deputy of the State Duma
A deputy of the State Duma cannot be a deputy of other representative bodies of state power and local government bodies.
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Deputies of the State Duma work on a professional permanent basis. They cannot be in the public service or engage in other paid activities, except for teaching, scientific and other creative activities.
Members of the Federation Council and deputies of the State Duma enjoy immunity: they cannot be detained, arrested, or searched, except in cases of arrest at the scene of a crime.
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To exercise control over the execution of the federal budget, the Federation Council and the State Duma form the Accounts Chamber.
Federation Council and State Duma:
form committees and commissions,
Conduct parliamentary hearings on issues within their jurisdiction.
adopt their regulations and resolve issues of internal regulations of their activities.
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approval of changes in borders between constituent entities of the Russian Federation; approval of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law; approval of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of a state of emergency; resolving the issue of the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation; calling elections for the President of the Russian Federation;
According to Article 102 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the jurisdiction of the Federation Council includes:
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On issues within its jurisdiction by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council adopts resolutions that are adopted by a majority vote of the total number of members of the Federation Council, unless a different procedure for making decisions is provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
In the field of lawmaking, the Federation Council occupies a subordinate role in relation to the State Duma. Any laws are first introduced to the State Duma, and only after approval by the lower house are submitted to the Federation Council for consideration.
Decision is made….
Bill
The State Duma
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A federal law is considered approved by the Federation Council if more than half of the total number of members of this chamber vote for it or
The Federation Council does not have the right to make amendments.
Can either approve or reject the law as a whole.
Or if within fourteen days it was not considered by the Federation Council.
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If a federal law is rejected by the Federation Council, the chambers may create a conciliation commission to overcome the disagreements that have arisen, after which the federal law is subject to re-examination by the State Duma.
If the State Duma disagrees with the decision of the Federation Council, the federal law is considered adopted if at least two-thirds of the total number of deputies of the State Duma vote for it during the second vote.
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To adopt federal constitutional laws, the approval of three-quarters of the votes of the Federation Council is required; if the Federation Council rejects the draft federal constitutional law, the veto cannot be overridden by the State Duma.
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The State Duma elects from among its members the Chairman of the State Duma and his deputies.
The State Duma is one of the two chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (Article 95 of the current Constitution of Russia).
The State Duma consists of 450 deputies (Article 95 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).
The following may be elected as a deputy of the State Duma:
citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached the age of 21 and has the right to participate in elections
The same person cannot be simultaneously a deputy of the State Duma and a member of the Federation Council) (Article 97 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).
A deputy of the State Duma of the first convocation could simultaneously be a member of the Government of the Russian Federation (according to the transitional provisions of the Russian Constitution).
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Modern representative bodies of power, one way or another, grew out of traditional people's assemblies, inherent in primitive communal relations. Subsequently, in Rus', these people's assemblies evolved into veche assemblies, and the people's veche became an important element of the state structure of Kievan Rus and a number of other early feudal state formations. Old Russian veche.
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The next stage in the formation of the prerequisites for the development of modern parliamentarism was the formation of national elected estate-representative bodies - Zemsky Sobors. At Zemsky Sobors, laws were adopted, issues of declaring war and concluding peace were decided. Zemsky Sobor. In the 16th – 18th centuries in Western European countries, class representative institutions turned into national elected parliaments. In Russia, the development of its statehood took a different path, which provided for the concentration of all power in the country in the hands of an autocratic monarch. Peter I "Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia"
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At the beginning of the 19th century, one of the closest assistants of Emperor Alexander I, M.M. Speransky, developed a general plan for state transformation. At his suggestion, in 1810, the highest legislative body, the State Council, was created under the emperor. Another proposal by Speransky - to create an elected legislative body - the State Duma - was not supported by the tsar and his entourage. During the era of the “Great Reforms” of Alexander II, new elected estate-representative institutions were created in Russia - zemstvo assemblies in districts and provinces. In these institutions, the sprouts of parliamentarism began to emerge, and it was from these zemstvos, created in the second half of the 19th century, that a number of figures emerged who became deputies of the State Duma in the 20th century. M. M. Speransky.
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The decision of the tsarist authorities to establish the State Duma in Russia was made in the summer of 1905, at the height of the first Russian revolution. The autocracy was forced to make concessions to revolutionary and liberal-democratic forces in order to reduce the revolutionary intensity in the country. August 6, 1905 The Manifesto of Emperor Nicholas II on the establishment of the State Duma in the Russian Empire was published. Emperor Nicholas II
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Working hours Party and political composition Leadership of the State Duma Main issues and areas of activity April 24 - July 8, 1906 Cadets - 161; Trudoviks – 97; peaceful renovationists – 25; Social-Democrats – 17; Democratic Reform Party – 14; progressives – 12; non-partisan – 103; Autonomist Union Party: Polish Kolo – 32; Estonian group – 5; Latvian group – 6; group of western windows – 20; Lithuanian group - 7. Total: 499 deputies Chairman - S.A. Muromtsev (cadet) The problem of creating a “ministry responsible to the State Duma” 2) The central issue is agrarian. Everything was rejected by the supreme power and the State Duma was dissolved.
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Working hours Party and political composition Leadership of the State Duma Main issues and areas of activity February 20 – June 2, 1907 Trudoviks – 104; cadets – 98; Social-Democrats – 65; Social Revolutionaries - 37; right – 22; People's Socialists – 16; moderates and Octobrists – 32; Democratic Reform Party – 1; non-partisan – 50; national groups – 76; Cossack group - 17 Total: 518 deputies. Chairman - A.F. Golovin (cadet) The central issue is agrarian. (projects of the Cadets, Trudoviks, Social Democrats) Refusal to support Stolypin’s agrarian reforms; Dissolved by decree of the Tsar on June 3, 1907. And a new electoral law was put into effect.
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Working hours Party and political composition Leadership of the State Duma Main issues and areas of activity November 1, 1907 - June 9, 1912 Octobrists - 136; nationalists – 90; right – 51; cadets – 53; progressives and peaceful renovationists - 39; Social-Democrats - 19; Trudoviks – 13; non-partisan – 15; national groups – 26. Total: 442 deputies. Chairmen: N.A. Khomyakov (Octobrist, 1907-1910); A.I.Guchkov (Octobrist, 1910-1911); M.V.Rodzianko (Octobrist, 1911-1912) Agrarian legislation was approved according to Stolypin’s reform (1910) Labor legislation was adopted. The autonomy of Finland was limited.
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Working hours Party and political composition Leadership of the State Duma Main issues and areas of activity November 15, 1912 – October 6, 1917 Octobrists – 98; nationalists and moderate right - 88; center group – 33; right – 65; cadets – 52; progressives - 48; S.-d. -14; Trudoviks – 10; non-partisan – 7; national groups – 21. Total: 442 deputies. Chairman: M.V. Rodzianko (Octobrist, 1912-1917) Support for Russia’s participation in the First World War Creation of the so-called Duma. "Progressive Bloc" (1915) and its confrontation with the Tsar and the government.
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As a result of the subsequent intensification of lawmaking, the Duma adopted: federal constitutional laws: “On Arbitration Courts in the Russian Federation”, “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”, “On the Referendum of the Russian Federation”; the first part of the Civil Code - the economic constitution of the country, the legal basis of market relations; Family, Water, Arbitration procedural codes. In connection with the entry into force of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993, the Duma of the first convocation first of all adopted laws defining the procedure for the formation and functioning of the system of public authorities, ensuring legal guarantees of constitutional rights and freedoms. For the first time, the following issues were resolved at the legislative level: the conclusion, execution and termination of international treaties of Russia; participation of the Russian Federation in international peacekeeping actions; operational investigative activities.
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The undoubted success of the Duma includes the introduction of the budget process in the country back to normal. The federal budget for 1996 was adopted by the Duma before the start of the financial year, and not after, as was the case for many years before. In the field of environmental management and environmental protection, the adoption of the law on environmental assessment played an important role. In all areas of legal regulation that were touched upon by the deputies, the task of bringing legislation into compliance with the new Constitution of Russia was solved. During the two years of its work, the Duma of the first convocation adopted 461 laws. 310 adopted laws came into force. The Duma of the first convocation fulfilled the mission of transition from the Soviet “pre-parliament” to a professional democratic parliament, structured along party lines.
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No. Deputy associations Number of deputies Leader 1. Faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation 149 Zyuganov G.A. 2. Faction “Our Home is Russia” (NDR) 65 Belyaev S.G., 3. Faction LDPR 51 Zhirinovsky V.V. 4. Faction “YABLOKO” 46 Yavlinsky G.A., 5. Deputy group “Russian Regions” 42 Co-chairmen: Abdulatipov R.G., Lysenko V.N., Medvedev V.S., Medvedev P.A., Morozov O. V., Chilingarov A.N.
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The Duma of the second convocation adopted 1036 laws, of which 749 came into force. Among them are federal constitutional laws: “On the judicial system of the Russian Federation”; “On the Government of the Russian Federation”; “On the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation”; “On military courts of the Russian Federation.” Major codified acts came into force: the second part of the Civil Code; the first part of the Tax Code; Budget Code; Criminal Code; Criminal Executive Code; Forest Code; Air Code; Town Planning Code; Merchant Shipping Code. Main results: 6. Deputy group “Democracy” 37 Ryzhkov N.I. 7. Agrarian deputy group 35 Kharitonov N.M. 8. Deputies who are not included in registered deputy associations 25
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The adoption of a number of federal laws was of great importance for the country. In the field of state construction: “On the procedure for the adoption and entry into force of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation”; “On the principles and procedure for delimiting subjects of jurisdiction and powers between government bodies of the Russian Federation and government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation”; “On the general principles of organization of legislative (representative) and executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.” In the field of defense and security: “On Defense”; “On the status of military personnel”; “On military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states.” In the financial and economic sphere: “On the securities market”; “On a bill of exchange and a promissory note”; “On mortgage (real estate pledge)”; “On foreign investment in the Russian Federation.”
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No. Deputy associations Number of deputies Leader 1. Communist Party faction 95 G. A. Zyuganov 2. “Unity” faction 81 B. V. Gryzlov, 3. “Fatherland – All Russia” faction (OVR) 43 E. M. Primakov 4. Faction "UNION OF RIGHT FORCES" (SPS) 33 Kirienko S.V. 5. Faction "YABLOKO" 21 Yavlinsky G.A. 6. Faction LDPR 17 Lebedev I.V. 7. Deputy group "People's Deputy" 58 Raikov G.I. 8. Deputy group “Regions of Russia” 40 Morozov O.V. 9. Agro-industrial deputy group 35 Kharitonov N. 10 Deputies not included in registered deputy associations 17
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In total, during the third convocation, 265 regular, extraordinary and additional meetings of the Duma were held, at which a total of about 2,100 bills were considered in various readings. Of the total number of laws adopted in this convocation, the President of the Russian Federation signed 18 federal constitutional laws and over 700 federal laws. Among them are 8 codes of the Russian Federation, part two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and part three of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The federal laws signed by the President include 156 adopted laws on the ratification of international treaties and agreements. Main results of activities:
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The adopted legislative acts covered almost all aspects of the country's socio-political life. In the sphere of government, federal constitutional laws were adopted: “On the State Emblem of the Russian Federation”; “On the State Flag of the Russian Federation”; “On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation”; "On martial law"; “On the state of emergency”; “On the procedure for admission to the Russian Federation and the formation of a new subject of the Russian Federation within it” and others. Other laws adopted by the Duma were aimed at: reducing the administrative burden on the business sector; strengthening the rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs; mortgage development; creating the most favorable conditions for small businesses; formation of a system for guaranteeing deposits of individuals in banks. A significant role in the legislative activity of the Duma was played by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin. The head of state actively used his constitutional right of legislative initiative and introduced a number of key bills to the Duma: on the ratification of treaties and agreements that are strategically important for Russia; about state symbols; about political parties; about the public service system; on citizenship and a number of others.
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Main results of activities: The main priority of the activities of the Duma of the fourth convocation was legislative support for the most important directions of the country's strategic development: economic growth; fight against poverty; modernization of the defense and security system. Amendments have been made to the federal constitutional laws: “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”; “On the judicial system of the Russian Federation”; “On arbitration courts in the Russian Federation.” The new edition of the Federal Constitutional Law “On the Referendum of the Russian Federation” was adopted. Another adopted law directly relates to ensuring the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens is the Federal Law “On meetings, rallies, demonstrations, processions and pickets.”
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Contribution to the development of parliamentarism During the activity of the State Duma of the fifth convocation, modern Russian parliamentarism rose to a new level. At the initiative of the President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev, amendments were made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation to the effect that the Government of the Russian Federation submits to the State Duma annual reports on the results of its activities, including on issues raised by the State Duma. In accordance with this constitutional norm, the Representative of the Government of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in April 2009 for the first time delivered an annual government report to deputies and answered their questions. Based on the results of consideration of the annual report of the Government, the State Duma adopts a corresponding resolution. No. Deputy associations Number of deputies Leader 1. “UNITED RUSSIA” faction 315 Gryzlov B.V. 2. Faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation 57 Zyuganov G.A. 3. LDPR faction 40 Lebedev I.V. 4. Faction “A Just Russia” 38 Levichev N.V.
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Currently, parliamentarism in Russia is developing at all levels of legislative and representative power - federal, regional, local. This is primarily due to the fact that the principle of separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial and the principle of independence of these authorities laid down in the modern Russian Constitution apply to all government bodies in the Russian Federation. Therefore, the legislative bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can rightfully be considered as regional parliaments in modern Russia. In general, the exclusive powers of each regional parliament include the adoption of laws at the regional level. The executive or judicial branches of regional government have the right, in accordance with the procedure established by law, to raise reasonable objections to any law adopted by the regional parliament. The executive and judicial authorities in the regions act on the basis of laws adopted by the federal and regional parliaments, which in itself is a major achievement of modern Russian parliamentarism. MODERN PARLIAMENTARISM AT REGIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT IN THE RF
summary of other presentations“Classification of professions” - Classification of professions. Project "World of Professions". Choice of profession. Requirements for the profession of pastry chef. Requirements of the profession for a person. Teacher. School survey. Life plans. Occupation classes. The question of professional self-determination. Results. Departments of professions. Choosing a future profession. Groups of professions. Pastry chef. Paramedic. Partners. Profession formula. Profession analysis. Librarian. Profession.
“Ship mechanic” - History of the profession. Opportunity for professional growth. Description of the profession. Pay level. Mechanic's work clothes. A ship engineer often has to be away from home. Professional experience. Working conditions. Educational institutions by profession. Requirements for a specialist. Ship mechanic. Control of main and auxiliary ship machinery. Professionally important qualities. Demand and social significance.
“Types of doctors” - Training. Pharmaceutical factories. Surgeons. Graduate. Specialist. Entrance exams. Faculty of Higher Nursing Education. ENT doctors. Medical Faculty. Hygienist. Doctors are laboratory assistants. Profession: doctor. Obstetrician-gynecologist. General practitioners. Faculty of Dentistry. Teacher in secondary medical educational institutions. Faculty of Medicine and Prevention. Faculty of Pharmacy.
““Rule of Law” social science” - A type of state whose activities are actually limited by law. Russian philosopher Ivan Aleksandrovich Ilyin. Parliamentary monarchy (Great Britain, Sweden, Spain, Japan). Russian jurist Bogdan Aleksandrovich Kistyakovsky. Constitutional state. Guarantees against the omnipotence of any government body. Signs. Civil society and the rule of law. Presidential Republic (USA, Latin American Countries).
“State Duma of the Russian Federation” - Greek word. Federal Assembly. Modern State Duma. The term "electorate". Faction "United Russia". Grand opening. State Duma of the Russian Federation. Lack of awareness of one voter. Completing the task “State Duma”. First State Duma. Modern State Duma. Elections of deputies of the State Duma. Warm up. Powers of the State Duma. Elections to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
“Maintaining a family budget” - Budget. Home construction. Family income. Aspect of privacy. Family consumption. Distribution of household responsibilities in the family. Family income structure. The principle of budget formation. Business vein. Satisfying material needs. Expenses. Classification of family expenses. Family budget.
First State Duma
- The establishment of the First State Duma was a direct consequence of the Revolution of 1905-1907. Nicholas II under pressure from the liberal wing of the government, mainly in the person of Prime Minister S.Yu. Witte. decided not to escalate the situation in Russia, making it clear to his subjects in August 1905 of his intention to take into account the public need for a representative body of power. This is directly stated in the manifesto of August 6: “Now the time has come, following their good initiatives, to call on elected people from the entire Russian land to constant and active participation in the drafting of laws, including for this purpose in the composition of the highest state institutions a special legislative advisory institution, to which the development is granted and discussion of government revenues and expenditures.”
- The State Duma of the Russian Empire of the 1st convocation is the first representative legislative body in Russia elected by the population. It was the result of an attempt to transform Russia from an autocratic into a parliamentary monarchy, caused by the desire to stabilize the political situation in the face of numerous unrest and revolutionary uprisings. The Duma of the first convocation held one session and lasted 72 days, from April 27 (Old Style) 1906 to July 8, 1906, after which it was dissolved by the emperor.
- by level of education: 42% with higher education, 14% with secondary education, 25% with lower education, 19% with home education, 2 people illiterate.
- by profession: 121 farmers, 10 artisans, 17 factory workers, 14 traders, 5 manufacturers and factory managers, 46 landowners and estate managers, 73 zemstvo, city and noble employees, 6 priests, 14 officials, 39 lawyers, 16 doctors, 7 engineers , 16 professors and private assistant professors, 3 gymnasium teachers, 14 rural teachers, 11 journalists and 9 persons of unknown occupation.
- The State Duma of the Russian Empire of the 2nd convocation, the representative legislative body of the Russian Empire, entered into sharp confrontation with the Council of Ministers, held only one session, from February 20 to June 3, 1907, when it was dissolved. After this, the electoral legislation was changed. I I The Duma worked for 102 days.
- Only 32 members of the Duma (6%) were deputies of the first Duma. Such a small percentage was explained by the fact that after the dissolution of the First Duma, 180 deputies signed the Vyborg Appeal, for which they were deprived of voting rights and could not participate in new elections.
- by level of education: 38% with higher education, 21% with secondary education, 32% with lower education, 8% at home, 1 person illiterate.
- by occupation: 169 peasants, 32 workers, 20 priests, 25 zemstvo city and noble employees, 10 small private employees, 1 poet, 24 officials (including 8 from the judicial department), 3 officers, 10 professors and private assistant professors, 28 other teachers, 19 journalists, 33 lawyers (bar), 17 businessmen, 57 landowners-nobles, 6 industrialists and factory directors.
- Deputies of the State Duma: