Art

143139

The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest art museums of Russian fine art. Today the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery has about one hundred thousand items.

With such a number of exhibits, you can wander around the exposition for several days, so Localway has prepared a route through the Tretyakov Gallery, passing through the most important halls of the museum. Don't get lost!

Inspection starts from the main entrance, if you stand facing the ticket offices, on the left there is a staircase leading to the second floor. The rooms' numbers are written at the entrance, above the doorway.

Hall 10 is almost entirely devoted to the painting by Alexander Andreevich Ivanov "The Appearance of the Messiah" (better known name is "The Appearance of Christ to the People"). The canvas itself occupies a whole wall, the remaining space is filled with sketches and sketches, of which a great many have accumulated over twenty years of work on the painting. The artist painted "The Appearance of the Messiah" in Italy, then, not without incident, he transported the canvas to Russia, and after criticism and non-recognition of the painting at home, he died suddenly. It is interesting that the canvas depicts Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and Ivanov himself, among others.

Read completely Collapse

In hall 16, on the right in the direction of travel, there is a touching painting by Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev "Unequal marriage". There are rumors that this painting is autobiographical: Pukirev's failed bride was married to a rich prince. The artist immortalized himself in the picture - in the background, a young man with his arms crossed on his chest. True, these versions have no actual confirmation.

Read completely Collapse

Hall number 16

On the left, in the same room, is the painting by Konstantin Dmitrievich Flavitsky "Princess Tarakanova". The painting depicts the legendary impostor trying to pass herself off as the daughter of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. There are many versions of the death of Princess Tarakanova (real name unknown), the official one is death from consumption. However, “to the people” (including thanks to the work of Flavitsky) went another: the adventurer died during a flood in St. Petersburg, in the prison cell of the Peter and Paul Fortress.

Read completely Collapse

Hall number 16

In the 17th hall there is a painting by Vasily Grigorievich Perov "Hunters at a Halt". The canvas presents a whole plot composition: an older character (left) tells some kind of fictional story, which the young hunter (right) sincerely believes. Middle-aged man (center) is skeptical of the story and only chuckles.

Experts often draw a parallel between Perov's painting and Turgenev's "Notes of a Hunter".

Read completely Collapse

Hall number 17

Hall 18 houses the most famous painting by Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov "The Rooks Have Arrived", written in the Kostroma region. The Church of the Resurrection, depicted in the picture, exists to this day - now there is the Savrasov Museum.

Unfortunately, despite the many wonderful works, the artist remained in the memory of the people "the author of one picture" and died in poverty. However, it was The Rooks that became the starting point for a new genre of the landscape school in Russia - the lyrical landscape. Subsequently, Savrasov wrote several replicas of the picture.

Read completely Collapse

Hall number 18

In the 19th room there is a painting by Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky "Rainbow". Surprisingly, the artist, who wrote about six thousand canvases in his life, has always remained faithful to his chosen genre - marineism. The picture presented in the plot is no different from most of Aivazovsky's works: the canvas depicts a shipwreck in a storm. The difference lies in the colors. Usually using bright colors, the artist chose softer tones for "Rainbow".

Read completely Collapse

Hall No. 19

Hall 20 contains the famous painting by Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy "Unknown" (often mistakenly called "The Stranger"). The painting depicts a regal, chic lady riding in a carriage. It is interesting that the woman's personality remained a mystery both for the artist's contemporaries and for art critics.

Kramskoy was one of the founders of the Itinerant Society - an association of artists who opposed themselves to the representatives of academicism in painting and organized traveling exhibitions of their works.

Read completely Collapse

Hall number 20

On the right, in the direction of travel, in hall 25 there is a painting by Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin "Morning in a pine forest" (sometimes the canvas is mistakenly called "Morning in a pine forest"). Despite the fact that now the authorship belongs to one artist, two people worked on the picture: the landscape painter Shishkin and the genre painter Savitsky. Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky painted bear cubs, in addition, he is sometimes credited with the very idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a picture. There are several versions of how Savitsky's signature disappeared from the canvas. According to one of them, Konstantin Apollonovich removed his last name from the finished work himself, thereby abandoning the authorship, according to the other - the artist's signature was erased by the collector Pavel Tretyakov after buying the painting.

Read completely Collapse

Hall number 25

In hall 26 there are three fabulous paintings by Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov at once: "Alyonushka", "Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf" and "Heroes". Three heroes - Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich (from left to right in the picture) - are perhaps the most famous heroes of Russian epics. On Vasnetsov's canvas, brave fellows, ready to take battle at any moment, are looking out for an enemy on the horizon.

It is interesting that Vasnetsov was not only an artist, but also an architect. So, for example, the extension of the main entrance hall of the Tretyakov gallery of the ball was designed by him.

Read completely Collapse

Hall number 26

In the 27th hall there is a painting by Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin "The Apotheosis of War", which belongs to the series of paintings "Barbara", written by the artist under the impression of the military operations in Turkestan. There are many versions as to why such pyramids of skulls were laid out. According to one of the legends, Tamerlane heard from the women of Baghdad a story about their unfaithful husbands and ordered each of his soldiers to bring the severed heads of the traitors. As a result, several mountains of skulls were formed.

Read completely Collapse

Hall number 27

Hall 28 contains one of the most famous and important paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery - "Boyarynya Morozova" by Vasily Ivanovich Surikov. Theodosia Morozova is an associate of Archpriest Avvakum, an adherent of the Old Believers, for which she paid with her life. On the canvas, as a result of a conflict with the tsar, the noblewoman - Morozova refused to accept the new faith - is being taken through one of the Moscow squares to the place of detention. Theodora threw up two fingers as a sign that her faith was not broken.

A year and a half later, Morozova died of hunger in the earthen prison of the monastery.

Read completely Collapse

Hall number 28

Here, in the 28th hall, there is another epic painting by Surikov - "The Morning of the Streltsy Execution". The rifle regiments were sentenced to death in a failed revolt caused by the hardships of military service. The picture deliberately depicts not the execution itself, but only people in anticipation of it. However, there is a legend that initially the archers who had already been executed by hanging were painted on the sketches of the canvases, but one day, when she went into the artist's workshop and saw the sketch, the servant fainted. Surikov, who wanted not to shock the public, but to convey the state of mind of the condemned in the last minutes of their lives, removed the images of the hanged from the picture.

The name of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin is familiar to everyone from childhood: it is his picture that is depicted on the wrapper of the "Bears in the Forest" candy. In addition to this outstanding work, the painter has dozens of others that hang on the walls of the best museums in the world.

Ivan Ivanovich with titles located in the Tretyakov Gallery

"Pinery. Mast forest in Vyatka province "," Deciduous forest "," Spruce forest "," Oaks. Evening ”,“ Pines illuminated by the sun ”,“ Oaks ”,“ In the forest of Countess Mordvinova. Peterhof "," Pond in an old park "," Rye "," Morning in a pine forest "," Noon. Around Moscow "," A Walk in the Woods "is only a small but worthy collection of works by the great Russian realist artist. Such is Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. The paintings with the names - in the amount of twelve canvases - are located in the premises of the Tretyakov Gallery, which tourists from all over the world and Muscovites - true connoisseurs of art - seek to visit.

"Morning in a pine forest"

In the 80s-90s of the XIX century, Shishkina was painted. With the names, the artist was simple, but at the same time original: he did not choose epithets and metaphors, because of which the meaning of the canvas would be twofold. "Morning in a pine forest" - a Russian realistic landscape. Looking at the canvas, it is difficult to understand that this is not a photograph, but a painting - so skillfully Shishkin conveyed the play of light and shadows, as well as the activities of his main characters - a bear with three cubs. In the dark wilderness of the pine forest, a random sunbeam that breaks through the heavy crowns of trees is an indicator of the time of day, in this case, morning.

Work on the painting took place in 1889. Shishkin was assisted by the artist Savitsky, who initially insisted on his authorship of the figures of bears. However, the collector Tretyakov erased his signature and ordered the painting to become a full-fledged brainchild of Ivan Shishkin. Art critics have proved that "Morning in a Pine Forest" was written from life. For a long time, the painter chose an animal that could become a symbol of the Russian forest: a wild boar, an elk or a bear. However, Shishkin liked the first two least of all. In search of ideal bears and a suitable forest, he traveled all over and, having met a brown family, finished it from memory. It took 4 years from the moment of the idea to the complete completion of work on the canvas, and today "Morning in a Pine Forest" flaunts in the Tretyakov Gallery, like other paintings by the artist Shishkin (there are no problems with the titles, all works are signed).

"In the wild north"

Looking at this famous painting, one involuntarily recalls the stanzas from Lermontov's poem, which are a continuation of this landscape by Shishkin: "... Stands alone On a bare top, a pine tree, And slumbers, swaying, and with free flowing snow Dressed like a robe, she is." The work was prepared for the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Mikhail Yuryevich and became a worthy illustration of a collection of his poems. Some other paintings by Ivan Shishkin (with titles) are also included in books of fiction, which proves the painter's invaluable contribution to the development of Russian art of the 19th century.

The artist Byalynitsky-Birulya highly appreciated the painting "In the Wild North" and commented that Lermontov would be happy to see such a worthy illustration for his poem. As a poet in words, and with a brush with paint, the painter conveys a mood, in this case - a thoughtful and a little sad. The motive of loneliness is obvious: a pine tree stands at the edge of the cliff, moving away from the rest of the forest, the branches of which are heavy from the piled snow. Ahead - a blue abyss, above - a clear but sad sky of the same color. Pure white snow, which occupies one third of the picture, shines in the sun, but it will not melt soon, because the weather conditions in the wild north are very harsh.

"Rye"

Known to many connoisseurs of painting since childhood, it was painted in 1878. The painting "Rye" conveys the breadth of the Russian land and the soul of the Russian person: two-thirds of the canvas is occupied by a blue sky with low snow-white clouds, and the rest of the space is allocated to a rye field, in some places of which sprout tall pines. This tree has forever become a symbol of the Russian land. Looking at the painting "Rye", one involuntarily recalls the lines from the poetry of O. Mandelstam: "And the pine reaches the star ...". If the poet had lived at the time of the painting, Shishkin would certainly have borrowed this stanza. Pictures with the names of this painter convey the simplicity, kindness and depth of his soul, but the concept of the work becomes clear after a long and close examination. At first glance, there is nothing majestic and intriguing in the title “Rye”, but if you look at the majestic pines that stand like heroes, you get the impression that these trees are a kind of defenders of rye fields and the entire Russian land.

"Italian boy"

Ivan Shishkin was the most enlightened artist of Russian realism, so he considered it his duty to depict on the canvas not only landscapes, but also portraits, of which there are not so many in the artist's collection. However, the talent of the author does not diminish from this - it is worth looking at the work "Italian Boy". The year the portrait was painted is unknown, but probably Ivan Ivanovich created it in the late period of his work. There are similarities with the self-portrait, on which Shishkin himself worked in 1856. Pictures (with titles), most of which are landscapes, are located in the Tretyakov Gallery and other authoritative state institutions, but the fate of the "Italian Boy" remains unknown.

"Logging"

Felled trees are a frequent occurrence, which Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin portrayed. Pictures with the names "Pine Forest", "Logs. The village of Konstantinovka near Krasnoe Selo "and" Cutting the forest "demonstrate this in the best possible way. The last work of the author is the most famous. Shishkin worked on "Cutting the Forest" in 1867 during a trip to Valaam. The beauty of a pine forest, majestic and defenseless, was often depicted by Ivan Ivanovich on canvases, and the moment when he demonstrates the consequences of a man's invasion of virgin lands is especially tragic. What awaits the rest of the trees that stand in the background is known to Shishkin himself, but hemp chopped off at the root evokes melancholy and testifies to the superiority of man over nature.

On January 13 (25), 1832, 180 years ago, the future outstanding Russian landscape painter, painter, draftsman and engraver-aquafortist was born Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin.

Shishkin was born in the small town of Elabuga, on the banks of the Kama River. The dense coniferous forests surrounding this city and the harsh nature of the Urals conquered young Shishkin.

Of all types of painting, Shishkin preferred landscape. "... Nature is always new ... and is always ready to give an inexhaustible supply of its gifts, which we call life ... What could be better than nature ..." - he writes in his diary.

Close communication with nature, careful study of it awakened in the young explorer of nature the desire to capture it as reliably as possible. "Only one unconditional imitation of nature," he writes in his student album, "can fully satisfy the requirements of a landscape painter, and the most important thing for a landscape painter is a diligent study of nature, - as a result of this, a picture from nature should be without fantasy."

Just three months after entering the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, Shishkin attracted the attention of professors with his natural landscape drawings. He was anxiously awaiting the first exam at the Academy, and his joy was immense when he was awarded a small silver medal for the painting "View in the Environs of St. Petersburg" submitted to the competition. According to him, he wanted to express in the picture "fidelity, similarity, portraiture of the depicted nature and convey the life of a hot breathing nature."

Painted in 1865, the painting "View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf" brought the artist the title of academician.

By this time, he was already spoken of as a talented and virtuoso draftsman. His pen drawings, executed with the smallest strokes, with filigree finishing of details, amazed and amazed spectators both in Russia and abroad. Two such drawings were acquired by the Düsseldorf Museum.

Lively, sociable, charming, active Shishkin was surrounded by the attention of his comrades. Ilya Repin, who attended the famous "Thursdays" of the St. Petersburg Artel of Artists, told about him later: "The voice of the hero II Shishkin was loudest of all: like a mighty green forest, he amazed everyone with his health, good appetite and truthful Russian speech. At these evenings he drew a lot of his excellent drawings with a pen. ”The audience used to gasp behind him, when he, with his mighty paws and gnarled fingers, calloused from work, began to twist and rub his brilliant drawing, and the drawing seemed to be like a miracle or magic from such rough treatment of the author comes out more and more elegant and brilliant ".

Already at the first exhibition of the Itinerants, Shishkin's famous painting "Pine Forest. Mast Forest in Vyatka Province" appeared. The viewer sees the image of a stately, mighty Russian forest. Looking at the picture, one gets the impression of deep peace, which is not disturbed by either bears near a tree with a hive, or a bird flying high in the sky. Pay attention to how beautifully the trunks of old pines are written: each has "its own character" and "its own face", but on the whole - the impression of a single world of nature, full of inexhaustible vitality. A leisurely detailed story, an abundance of details along with the identification of the typical, characteristic, integrity of the captured image, the simplicity and accessibility of the artistic language - these are the distinctive features of this picture, as well as the artist's subsequent works, which invariably attracted the attention of viewers at exhibitions of the Association of the Itinerants.

In the best pictures of II Shishkin, created by the end of the 70s and in the 80s, there is a monumental and epic beginning. The paintings convey the solemn beauty and power of the endless Russian forests. Shishkin's life-affirming works are consonant with the attitude of the people, who associates the idea of \u200b\u200bhappiness, the contentment of human life with the power and wealth of nature. On one of the artist's sketches, you can see the following inscription: "... Expansion, space, land. Rye ... Grace. Russian wealth." The 1898 painting "Ship Grove" was a worthy completion of Shishkin's integral and original work.

In Shishkin's painting "Polesie", contemporaries pointed out that the artist had failed to achieve in color the perfection that distinguished the artist's drawings. NI Murashko noted that he would like to see in the painting "Polesie" more light "with its golden play, with its thousand reddish, now airy-bluish transitions."

However, the fact that color began to play a significantly greater role in his works of the 80s did not pass by the attention of contemporaries. In this regard, the highest assessment of the pictorial qualities of Shishkin's famous sketch "Pines illuminated by the sun" is important.

Working as a professor, Shishkin demanded painstaking preliminary work on nature from his students. In winter, when I had to work indoors, I made beginning artists redraw from photographs. Shishkin found that such work contributes to the comprehension of the forms of nature, helps to improve the drawing. He believed that only a long, intense study of nature could eventually open the way for a landscape painter for independent creativity. In addition, Shishkin noted that the incompetent would slavishly copy it, while "a person with instinct will take what he needs." However, he did not take into account that copying from photographs of individual details taken outside their natural environment does not bring closer, but removes from the deep knowledge of it, which he sought from his students.

By 1883, the artist is at the dawn of his creative powers. It was at this time that Shishkin created the capital canvas "Among the flat valley ...", which can be considered classic in terms of the completeness of the artistic image, completeness, and monumentality of sound. Contemporaries were astonished at the merits of the picture, noticing the essential feature of this work: it reveals those features of the life of nature that are dear and close to any Russian person, meet his aesthetic ideal and are captured in a folk song.

Suddenly death crept up to the artist. He died at the easel on March 8 (20), 1898, while working on the painting "Forest Kingdom".

A major painter, brilliant draftsman and etcher, he left a huge artistic heritage.

Based on the book "Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin", compiled by I. N. Shuvalova

Shishkin I.I.

Sea shore	Sea shore. Mary-Howie	Pond shore	River bank	Birch forest

Bolshaya Nevka	Logs. Konstantinovka village near Red village	Hillocks	Beech forest in Switzerland	Beech forest in Switzerland

Goby	In the fir forest	In Crimea	In the forest thickets	In the woods

In the forest of the countess Mordvinova	In a deciduous forest	In the vicinity of Dusseldorf	In the park	In the grove

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was once nicknamed "King of the Forest". And not without reason - most often he portrayed the northern forest. The artist is one of the most popular landscape painters of the 20th century. His paintings are classical national painting.

On the banks of the Kama, in the small town of Elabuga, on January 13, 1832, the great Russian landscape painter was born. As a child, Shishkin was inspired by the beauty of the harsh northern nature, however, only at the age of twenty he entered the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture. His teacher was the famous portrait painter Apollo Mokritsky. It was there that Ivan Ivanovich's love for landscapes was determined.

Pine on Valaam, 1858

The next step in the career of the famous artist was entering the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. The great landscape painter received a silver medal for the sketch "Pine on Valaam". Shishkin showed a decent level of skill while studying at the Academy and graduated from it in 1860 with the Great Gold Medal. This was not the only award - he got the chance to travel abroad for three whole years. But at that time, the painter preferred his native land.

View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf, 1865

In 1862, the popular artist went abroad, where he painted a picture for which he was awarded the title of Academician and the Order of Stanislav III degree - "View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf".

Shishkin came to his homeland in 1865. By that time, he had become a fairly well-known artist.

Logging, 1867

One of the most famous paintings by Shishkin is "Logging".

Shishkin's love for nature, in particular, for the forest is not a secret for anyone. At the time of the painting, people, in connection with the coups in the laws, did not have an easy life. The forest and trees were used not only for construction, but also served as an outlet for exhausted human souls. Peace and tranquility could be found among the tall pines.

Rye, 1878

The work of the landscape painter "Rye" is quite popular.

The artist combined the main colors of the fine arts of Russia: blue and gold. It seems as if the author sought to equalize the divine nature and the Russian one. In those days, this color scheme was typical of Orthodox icons.

Among the valley of Rivne, 1883

In the work "Among the Rivny Valley", loneliness, tragedy and a certain sadness are clearly traced. It is noteworthy that the picture was painted during the period when his best works were created.

Forest distances, 1884

The landscape "Forest Dales" was also painted in difficult times for Ivan Ivanovich. Not so long ago, the artist buried his wife. The picture vividly shows the beauty of Russian nature, which looks virgin, as if a human's foot had not stepped there.

Pines in the Sunshine, 1886

"Pines illuminated by the sun" is one of Shishkin's most famous paintings.

Nature also seems to be untouched, but the painting itself seems to radiate warmth and positive energy. It seems that the author wanted to fill the hearts of art lovers with light and vital energy.

Oak Grove, 1887

It is amazing, but according to literary data, in order to paint the landscape "Oak Grove", the painter was looking for suitable oaks for about thirty years.

Morning in a pine forest, 1889

Perhaps everyone knows the name of the next composition - "Morning in a pine forest." It depicts bears that appear to be alive. The work is written so realistically that the quality resembles a photo. The cubs look very cute and cause a feeling of tenderness in the beholder.

Ship Grove, 1898

In 1898, the great master of his craft wrote his last major work "Ship Grove". At first glance, the landscape seems simple enough, but if you look closely, the picture resembles the very thicket, warmed by the sun, which we imagine when we read Russian fairy tales. Fantastic and realistic at the same time.

Conclusion

It is impossible to assess the contribution of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin to the development of Russian fine art. He is rightfully considered a fan of his craft - the great landscape painter died on March 20, 1898 while painting, holding a brush in his hand.

Fdnjh cnfnmb ^ D The artist is one of the most popular landscape artists of the 20th century. His paintings are classical national painting.

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832-1898) - one of the greatest Russian landscape painters, famous for his sense of color, love of detail, ability to notice the subtlest nuances of shades and forms. He was deservedly called "the king of the forest" and "the singer of nature", because it is on the works of this artist that groves, steppes, valleys and rivers appear in all their discreet splendor. Our article contains photos with names and stories about the most famous paintings of the master!

"Pinery. Mast forest in the Vyatka province "(1872)

1870s were an important period in the painter's life - he joined the St. Petersburg circle of aquafortists (craftsmen who made acid engravings on metal), participated in numerous exhibitions, communicated with colleagues and patrons of art, and in 1873 the Imperial Academy of Arts awarded I. Shishkin the title professor.

Among the best works of the master in those years is this canvas, which shows a majestic forest. Thickets of giant pines (for ship masts, trunks 50-70 m high are needed) part in the foreground, revealing rocky slopes and the bottom of a shallow stream. Its dark, ferrous water is covered with ripples, on which the sun's rays play with golden sparkles. Clouds, against the background of which a silhouette of a lonely bird is visible, leaves and needles of trees, their bark and roots, grass, sand and boulders - all the details are spelled out in the same detail and authentically.

A painting measuring 120 * 165.5 cm was exhibited at a competition organized by the Society for the Encouragement of Arts in St. Petersburg. The critic V. V. Stasov called it "a landscape for heroes", and the painter I. N. Kramskoy called it "the most remarkable work of the Russian school." Subsequently, the panel was bought by the art collector P.M. Tretyakov.

Painting “Pine Forest. Mast forest in the Vyatka province ". Canvas, oil. 120 * 165.5 cm.Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

Rye (1878)

The painter was born in the small town of Elabuga - one of the oldest settlements in the Republic of Tatarstan. From childhood, the boy admired the magnificent landscapes spread around - century-old trees, whose spreading branches gave coolness on a hot afternoon, the picturesque slopes of the Kama and Toyma rivers, fertile fields. He captured one of these fields on this panel!

The canvas was one of the central exhibits of the IV traveling exhibition, which took place in 1878. Immediately after that, it was acquired by the art collector P.M. Tretyakov.

Admiring the landscape, the viewer first of all notes the mighty pines in the background - the master carefully painted their dense crowns, bizarrely curved, knotty trunks, and the tops proudly lifted up. Under them a golden carpet of rye is agitated - for a few more days, and the spilled ears will bow under the sickles of the reapers, but so far they rustle peacefully under the sun's rays. However, the bright light is about to be replaced by a thunderous twilight - heavy clouds are already piling up on the horizon. The artist recreated the premonition of an imminent storm, when tense silence and calm reigns around. Above a half-overgrown country road, fast swallows flicker - their shadows with black strokes fall on the grasses and flowers.

A withered tree in the background contrasts with the panorama of jubilant life. Some researchers argue that in this way the master tried to diversify the composition, while others are sure that the drawing symbolizes Shishkin's experiences - in 1873 his eldest son Vladimir died, in 1874 his wife Eugene, and in 1785 - a two-year-old baby Konstantin.

Painting "Rye". Canvas, oil. 107 * 187 cm.Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

"Forest" (1880-e)

All are distinguished by the most detailed study - it seems as if the landscape is about to come to life. Numerous sketches helped to achieve such authenticity - in total, the artist created more than 10 thousand drawings in pencil, coal, sanguine (a special material made of kaolin and iron oxide). The artist made sketches for each canvas, and this was no exception!

The panel with the size of 83 * 110 cm is made on canvas with oil paints. The painter captured a secluded corner of the protected forest - a small edge, illuminated by the gentle midday sun, contrasts with the impenetrable thicket in the background. Old spruces scatter huge, shaggy paws, bristling with small needles, in the distance ship pines rise and thin trunks of birches whiten. On the ground, covered with a soft carpet of grasses and moss, tree trunks overgrown with lichen are visible - one can only guess whether they were knocked down by the wind or an ax in the hands of a lumberjack.

Painting "Forest". Canvas, oil. 83 * 110 cm. Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts

"Oak Grove" (1887)

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin worked on this large-scale canvas (125 * 193 cm) for almost three decades, having invested all his accumulated experience in it. And, although the artist did not paint from life - he was based on the already existing sketches, creating a collective image - the grove looks incredibly alive and authentic. A pattern of small strokes forms a voluminous, colorful picture, where you just want to enter.

The oak trees depicted are clearly more than one hundred years old - their bark is covered with irregularities and cracks, and some branches have dried up, but despite this, the trees remain lush and green. Plants at their roots shimmer with emerald, olive, light green tones, and in some places huge granite boulders protrude from the interweaving of stems. But best of all, the master managed to convey the play of light and shadows - light glare flutters among the foliage, flicker on wrinkled trunks, glide smoothly along the ground.

Now the panel is kept in the Kiev Museum of Russian Art.

Painting "Oak Grove". Canvas, oil. 125 * 193 cm.Kiev Museum of Russian Art

"Morning in a pine forest" (1889)

This painting, executed in the genre of realism, owes its fame not only to the manner of execution, but also to its own unusual history. First of all, it has two authors: the artist Shishkin painted a landscape of a pine forest covered with a pre-dawn haze of fog, and his friend, Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky, depicted three bear cubs playing merrily under the supervision of a bear mother. However, P. M. Tretyakov, who bought the work, was convinced that most of the work was done by Ivan Ivanovich. Other critics expressed a similar opinion - they even argued that without the animals, the panorama of the reserved forest would look much more spectacular. Therefore, the patron erased the signature of the second painter from the canvas.

And at the end of the nineteenth century. the panel turned into a famous art object - it was placed on the wrapper of the Bear Kosolapy sweets, which were produced by the Einem factory. Sweets did not disappear even after the October Socialist Revolution - they continued to be made at the factory, renamed into "Red October".

At the moment, the masterpiece is kept in a separate hall of the Tretyakov Gallery. This storage method was chosen because of its large size - 139 * 213 cm.

Painting "Morning in a pine forest". Canvas, oil. 139 * 213 cm.Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

Winter (1890)

I.I.Shishkin always dreamed of creating a cycle of works dedicated to the seasons, and this picture (126 * 204 cm), exhibited in the State Russian Museum of St. Petersburg, opens him. At first glance, it seems austere, calm, almost graphic, but you should take a closer look - and you will discover an amazing variety of colors and shapes, feel the peace of a snowy day, its solemn beauty.

The glade in the foreground is littered with trunks and branches broken by the storm. Only a few small Christmas trees survived - their needles, like the branches of the bushes, are covered with sparkling crystals of frost. Tall pines grow in the distance, whose bark shimmers with terracotta and reddish tones. The entire landscape is covered with a light pinkish haze of sunset rays. However, the main advantage of the canvas is the relief painted snow cover - the master was able to show its loose surface, dotted with pits and mounds.

Painting "Winter". Canvas, oil. 126 * 204 cm. State Russian Museum. St. Petersburg

"In the wild north ..." (1891)

The mature period in the artist's work (1880-1898) was marked not only by the flourishing of his talents, but also by losses in his personal life. In 1881, his second wife Olga died, and his daughter Lydia moved to her husband's estate in the estate of Mary-Khovi (Finland). It was there that I. Shishkin created this winter landscape (161 * 118 cm), which is now in the National Museum "Kiev Art Gallery".

This work was originally conceived as an illustration to the complete collected works of the poet M. Yu. Lermontov, released on the fiftieth anniversary of his death. And the description of the picture fully conveys the message of the poem of the same name. A lonely pine growing on a bare rock fights bravely against the winds and frosts, not bending under the blows of the elements. Against the background of steep cliffs, sharp peaks and dizzying peaks, the tree in its dress of the smallest pieces of ice looks almost graceful - it seems to be dreaming of a joyful, blessed world, where you can meet the same restless soul.

In the wild North ... Oil on canvas. 161 * 118 cm.National Museum of Russian Art, Kiev

"Pine Forest" (1895)

The artist's goal, about which he has repeatedly written to his friends, is that "all nature, alive and spiritual, looks from the canvases!" For such an effect, Shishkin constantly invented more and more new methods of writing - many of them are used in this realistic panel (128 * 195 cm). So, the foreground was created using small, smooth strokes, the tones of which smoothly flow into each other, but the trees in the distance are depicted with wide, sweeping brush movements. A rough layer of paint imitates the texture of bark, foliage, turf, dust on a trodden road.