"Yes, I found a drunk
Man - he is against the master
I was lying on my stomach "...
With these lines, one of the images of poor peasants is introduced into Nekrasov's poem - the image of Yakim Nagy. This character, just like the seven wanderers, is a collective image of the Russian peasant, therefore, the characterization of the image of Yakim Nagy in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is so important for a holistic understanding of the work.
To create this image, Nekrasov uses the technique of “speaking names” - Yakim bears the surname Nagoya and lives in the village of Bosove, which unequivocally testifies to his poverty. The story of Yakima's life, as described by him, is really not rich in joy. For a long time he lived in St. Petersburg to earn money, but then, due to a lawsuit with a merchant, he ended up in prison. "Like a sticky piece, stripped" he returns to his homeland, to abandoned hard work, and for thirty years now he has been resignedly working.
The description of Yakima's appearance cannot but arouse pity. He has a "sunken chest" and a "depressed" belly, and his hair resembles sand. At the same time, in the description of the hero's appearance, another side of his image is manifested - this is a person who is inextricably linked with the earth, to such an extent that he himself began to resemble a "clod of earth", like a "layer cut off by a plow."
Such comparisons are traditional for Russian folklore, in particular, in the verse "About Yegori Khorobrom" there is also a comparison of human hands with tree bark. And it is not surprising, because when creating this image, Nekrasov abundantly used folklore, saturating the character's speech with paraphrased proverbs and jokes. The Russian people are inseparable from their land and their speech - this is what becomes clear upon close acquaintance with the image of Yakim. At the same time, the author reflects on the fact that such a life as now does not bring any joy to the peasant, because he is working not for himself, but for the landowner.
A person appears before the reader, all of whose strength was taken away by work. There was no outlet in his life, except for the drink. Yakim, who “works to death / drinks to death! ..”, does not differ in this from the rest of the peasantry. But is he to blame for this? No, and therefore, into the mouth of this particular character, Nekrasov puts a fiery speech-denunciation against the ingrained idea of \u200b\u200bthe Russian peasant as a bitter drunkard.
"Do not carry crazy news, shameless, about us!" - this is what Yakim demands from the master, who has come to laugh at the peasant drunkenness. Unbearable labor, the results of which are often taken away by the landowner or destroyed by disaster and immeasurable grief - that's what, in his opinion, pushes the peasant to drunkenness. But at the same time, in his speech, there is a hope that over time everything will change: "hops will not prevail over us!" In the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", the image of Yakim does not consist of drunkenness alone - the versatility of his soul is shown here. Yakim had one passion: he was very fond of popular prints that he bought for his son.
When Yakim's hut caught fire, the first thing he did was take these pictures out of the fire, not his savings. His wife was saving the icons at that time, and all the family's money - 35 rubles - was burnt. This act is the best evidence of the spirituality of the Russian people, who do not put material values \u200b\u200bin the first place.
Drinking makes the peasant, at least for a while, forget and temper his anger, but one day "thunder will thunder" and Russia will rise. The monologue, filled with firm faith in these events, Nekrasov puts into the mouth of a drunkard, which perfectly conveys his understanding of the peasant soul and love for his people. It is not surprising that an excerpt from the poem about Yakim Nagogo enjoyed special love among the readers of Who Lives Well in Russia. It was he who was quoted more than once in publicism; revolutionaries and other writers relied on him in their works, in particular - N. Chernyshevsky and N. Dobrolyubov. The image of Yakima is interesting today, primarily due to its genuine sincerity.
Portrait of Yakim Nagoya - a poor peasant. In the same way as the seven wanderers, he is a collective image of the Russian peasant. The description of Yakima's appearance cannot but arouse pity. He has a "sunken chest" and a "depressed" belly, and his hair resembles sand. At the same time, in the description of the hero's appearance, another side of his image is manifested - this is a person who is inextricably linked with the earth, to such an extent that he himself began to resemble a "clod of earth", like a "layer cut off by a plow" He works to death, Drinks half to death! "
The story of Yakima Nagogo. His troubles and hardships. The life story of Yakima Nagy is very simple and tragic. He once lived in St. Petersburg, but went bankrupt, went to prison. After that, he returned to the village, to his homeland, and began to work inhumanly hard, exhausting work. “Since then, thirty years it has been roasting On a strip under the sun, Escapes from frequent rain under the harrow, Lives - fiddles with a plow, And death will come to Yakimushka. As a lump of earth will fall off, What is dry on the plow ... "
How does the hero talk about life, what he accepts and what he denies in the peasant way of life? Yakim understands that the peasantry is a great force; he is proud of his belonging to him. He knows what the strength and weakness of the "peasant soul" is. Yakim refutes the opinion that the peasant is poor because he drinks. And the peasants agree with him: "We drink, so we feel strength!"
The moral qualities of the hero Nekrasov creates a realistic portrait of a peasant-worker in Yakima Nagom. ❖ Yakim sees social injustice towards the people ❖ He shows the manifestation of spiritual needs. "Spiritual bread is higher than the earthly bread"
The concept of happiness 1. Yakim does not appear before us as a simple peasant. Despite the hard labor, he has not hardened his soul, he knows how to appreciate the beautiful. So, he collected various pictures for his son, "hung them on the walls, and he himself loved to look at them." When a fire started in the village, and Yakim's hut caught fire, he rushed to save not the hidden money, but his favorite pictures. In his life, the main thing is not only work and drinking, but also contemplation of beauty. 2. Because of the hard peasant lot, and he began to drink, alcohol helps him to forget. “Great sorrow will come, So let’s stop drinking !. ... ... Work would not fail, Trouble would not prevail, Hops will not prevail over us! "
Why are wanderers happy? they did not recognize the hero Because Yakim Nagoi worked all the time, worked for wear and tear and constantly endured all the punishments, and when he did not work then he drank. So they gave him vodka not because they recognized him as happy, but rather because they were surprised that this exhausted, drunk man, during the fire, rushed to save not his own, albeit small savings, but pictures that he bought to his son: “There was a case with him: he bought pictures for his son, hung them on the walls And he himself loved to look at them no less than a boy. God's displeasure came, the Village caught fire - And Yakimushka had thirty-five rubles accumulated over a whole century. Hurry to take the rubles, And at first he began to pick pictures from the wall; Meanwhile, his wife fiddled with icons, And then the hut collapsed - So Yakim blundered! The whole bills merged into a lump, For that lump they give him Eleven rubles. ... ... "Oh brother Yakim! The pictures cost a lot! But I also hung them in a new hut, I suppose?"
Naked Yakim.
"In the village of Bossove
Yakim Nagoy lives
He works to death
Drinks half to death! "
This is how the character defines himself. In the poem, he is entrusted with speaking in defense of the people on behalf of the people. The image has deep folklore roots: the hero's speech is isolated with paraphrased proverbs, riddles, in addition, formulas similar to those that characterize his appearance
("The hand is tree bark,
And the hair is sand "),
We meet repeatedly. For example, in the folk spiritual verse "About Yegori Khorobrom". The popular idea of \u200b\u200bthe inseparability of man and nature is rethought by Nekrasov, the unity of the worker with the earth is emphasized:
"Lives - fiddles with a plow,
And death will come to Yakimushka-
How a clod of earth will fall off
What's on the plow ... at the eyes, at the mouth
Bends like cracks
On dry ground<…> the neck is brown,
Like a layer cut off with a plow,
Brick face ".
The character's biography is not quite typical for a peasant, rich in events:
"Yakim, wretched old man,
Once lived in St. Petersburg,
Yes, I ended up in jail:
With the merchant it took it into his head to compete!
Like a peeled sticky
He returned to his homeland
And he took up the plow "
During the fire, he lost most of his property, because the first thing he did was to save the pictures he bought for his son
("And he himself is no less than a boy,
He loved to look at them ").
However, in the new house, the hero takes over the old, buys new pictures. Countless adversities only strengthen his firm position in life. In chapter III of the first part ("A Drunken Night"), Nagoy gives a monologue, where his convictions are formulated very clearly: hard labor, the results of which go to three co-investors (God, king and master), and sometimes are completely destroyed by fire; disasters, poverty - all this justifies peasant drunkenness, and one should not measure the peasant by the "master's measure". This point of view on the problem of popular drunkenness, which was widely discussed in the journalism of the 1860s, is close to the revolutionary democratic (according to N.G. Chernyshevsky and N.A. Dobrolyubov, drunkenness is a consequence of poverty). It is no accident that later this monologue was used by the populists in their propaganda activities, it was repeatedly rewritten and reprinted separately from the rest of the text of the poem.
Girin Yermil Ilyich (Yermila).
One of the most likely contenders for the title of lucky. The real prototype of this character is the peasant A.D. Potanin (1797-1853), proxy manager of the estate of Countess Orlova, which was called Odoevschina (after the names of the former owners - the Odoevsky princes), and the peasants baptized them into Adovshchina. Potanin became famous for his extraordinary justice. Nekrasovsky Girin became known to fellow villagers for his honesty in those five years that he served as a clerk in an office
("A thin conscience must
To the peasant from the peasant
To extort a penny ").
Under the old prince Yurlov, he was dismissed, but then, under the young, he was unanimously elected as mayor of Adovshchina. During the seven years of his "reign", Jirin only once distorted his soul:
"... from the recruitment
Little brother Mithri
He fended off. "
But remorse for this offense almost led him to commit suicide. Only thanks to the intervention of a strong lord was it possible to restore justice, and instead of the son of Nelila Vsyevna, Mitry went to serve, and "the prince himself took care of him." Jirin quit his job, rented a mill
"and he became worse than ever
All the people love. "
When they decided to sell the mill, Jirin won the auction, but he had no money with him to make a deposit. And then "a miracle happened": Girin was rescued by the peasants, to whom he turned for help, in half an hour he managed to collect a thousand rubles in the market square.
And a miracle was done
All over the marketplace
Every peasant
Like the wind, half left
Suddenly it started up!
This is the first time in the poem when the world of the people, with one impulse, with one unanimous effort, triumphs over untruth:
Cunning, strong clerk,
And the world is stronger than theirs
The merchant Altynnikov is rich,
And all will not resist him
Against the worldly treasury ...
Girin is driven not by mercantile interest, but by a rebellious spirit:
"The mill is not dear to me,
The offense is great. "
"he had everything he needed
For happiness: and calmness,
And money and honor ",
At the moment when the peasants start talking about him (chapter "Happy", Girin, in connection with the peasant uprising, is in prison. it is easy to guess both the reason for the riot and Girin's refusal to help in pacifying it.
"Who Lives Well in Russia" is one of the most famous works of N. Nekrasov. In the poem, the writer managed to reflect all the hardships and torments that the Russian people endure. Characteristics of heroes are especially significant in this context. "Who Lives Well in Russia" is a work rich in bright, expressive and original characters, which we will consider in the article.
The meaning of the prologue
The beginning of the poem "Who lives well in Russia" plays a special role in understanding the work. The prologue resembles a fabulous opening of the type "In a certain kingdom":
In what year - count,
In which land - guess ...
Further, it tells about the men who came from different villages (Neelova, Zaplatova, etc.). All the names and names that speak, with them Nekrasov gives a clear description of places and heroes. In the prologue, the men’s journey begins. This is where the fabulous elements in the text end, the reader is introduced into the real world.
List of heroes
All the heroes of the poem can be roughly divided into four groups. The first group consists of the main characters who went for happiness:
- Demyan;
- Novel;
- Prov;
- Groin;
- Ivan and Mitrodor Gubin;
- Luke.
Then there are the landowners: Obolt-Obolduev; Glukhovskoy; Utyatin; Shalashnikov; Peremetyev.
Serfs and peasants met by travelers: Yakim Nagoy, Yegor Shutov, Ermil Girin, Sidor, Ipat, Vlas, Klim, Gleb, Yakov, Agap, Proshka, Savely, Matryona.
And heroes who do not belong to the main groups: Vogel, Altynnikov, Grisha.
Now let's look at the key characters in the poem.
Dobrosklonov Grisha
Grisha Dobrosklonov appears in the episode "A Feast for the Whole World"; the entire epilogue of the work is dedicated to this character. He himself is a seminarian, the son of a clerk from the village of Big Vakhlaki. Grisha's family lives very poorly, only thanks to the generosity of the peasants it was possible to raise him and his brother Savva to their feet. Their mother, a farm laborer, died early from overwork. For Grisha, her image merged with the image of her homeland: "With love for a poor mother, love for all Vakhlachina."
As a fifteen-year-old child, Grisha Dobrosklonov decided to devote his life to helping the people. In the future, he wants to go to Moscow to study, but for now, together with his brother, he helps the peasants as best he can: he works with them, explains new laws, reads them documents, writes letters for them. Grisha composes songs that reflect observations of the poverty and suffering of the people, discussions about the future of Russia. The appearance of this character enhances the lyricism of the poem. Nekrasov's attitude to his hero is unambiguously positive, the writer sees in him a revolutionary from the people, who should become an example for the upper strata of society. Grisha voices the thoughts and position of Nekrasov himself, solutions to social and moral problems. The prototype of this character is considered N.A. Dobrolyubova.
Ipat
Ipat - "sensitive slave", as Nekrasov calls him, and in this characterization one can hear the irony of the poet. This character also causes wanderers to laugh when they learn about his life. Ipat is a grotesque character, he became the embodiment of a faithful lackey, a lordly serf, who remained loyal to his master even after the abolition of serfdom. He is proud and considers it a great blessing for himself the way the master bathed him in an ice-hole, harnessed him to a cart, saved him from death, to which he himself doomed. Such a character cannot even arouse sympathy in Nekrasov, only laughter and contempt are heard from the poet.
Korchagina Matrena Timofeevna
The peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina is the heroine to whom Nekrasov dedicated the entire third part of the poem. Here is how the poet describes her: “A dignified woman, about thirty years old, wide and dense. Beautiful ... big eyes ... severe and dark. She is wearing a white shirt and a short sundress ”. Travelers are led to the woman by her words. Matryona agrees to tell about her life if the men help in the harvest. The title of this chapter ("Peasant Woman") emphasizes the typical fate of Korchagina for Russian women. And the words of the author “it’s not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women” emphasize the futility of searching for wanderers.
Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina was born into a teetotal, good family, and she lived happily there. But after marriage, she found herself "in hell": her father-in-law was a drunkard, her mother-in-law was superstitious, she had to work for her sister-in-law without straightening her back. Matryona was still lucky with her husband: he only beat her once, but all the time, except for winter, he was working. Therefore, there was no one to intercede for the woman, the only one who tried to protect her was grandfather Savely. The woman endures the harassment of Sitnikov, who has no jurisdiction, because he is the master's manager. Matryona's only consolation is her first child, Dema, but because of Savely's oversight he dies: the boy is eaten by pigs.
Time passes, Matryona has new children, parents and grandfather Savely die of old age. The most difficult years are lean years, when the whole family has to starve. When her husband, the last protector, is taken into the army out of turn, she goes to the city. He finds the general's house and throws himself at the feet of his wife, asking to intercede. Thanks to the help of General's wife Matryona and her husband are returning home. It was after this incident that everyone considered her a lucky woman. But in the future, a woman will face only troubles: her eldest son is already a soldier. Nekrasov, summing up, says that the key to female happiness has long been lost.
Agap Petrov
Agap is an obstinate and stupid man, according to the peasants who know him. And all because Petrov did not want to put up with voluntary slavery, to which fate pushed the peasants. The only thing that could calm him down was wine.
When he was caught carrying a log from the master's forest and accused of theft, he could not resist and told the owner everything he thought about the real state of affairs and life in Russia. Klim Lavigne, not wanting to punish Agap, fakes a cruel reprisal against him. And then, wanting to console, he gives him water. But humiliation and excessive drunkenness lead the hero to the fact that he dies in the morning. This is the price the peasants pay for the right to openly express their thoughts and the desire to be free.
Veretennikov Pavlusha
Veretennikov was met by men in the village of Kuzminskoye, at a fair, he is a collector of folklore. Nekrasov gives a poor description of his appearance and does not speak about his origin: "What kind of title, the peasants did not know." However, for some reason everyone calls him the master. is necessary for the image of Pavlusha to be generalized. Against the background of people, Veretennikov stands out for his concern about the fate of the Russian people. He is not an indifferent observer, like the members of the many inactive committees that Yakim Nagoi denounces. Nekrasov emphasizes the kindness and responsiveness of the hero by the fact that his very first appearance is marked by a disinterested act: Pavlusha helps out a peasant who buys shoes for his granddaughter. Genuine concern for the people also disposes travelers to the "master".
The prototype of the image was the ethnographers-folklorists Pavel Rybnikov and Pavel Yakushkin, who took part in the democratic movement of the 1860s. The surname belongs to the journalist P.F. Veretennikov, who attended rural fairs and published reports in Moskovskiye Vedomosti.
Jacob
Yakov is a faithful servant, a former courtyard; he is described in a part of the poem entitled "A Feast for the Whole World." The hero was loyal to his master, endured any punishment and resignedly did even the most difficult work. This continued until the master, who liked the bride of his nephew, sent him to the recruiting service. Jacob started drinking at first, but nevertheless returned to the owner. However, the man wanted revenge. Once, when he was driving Polivanov (master) to his sister, Yakov turned off the road into the Devil's ravine, unharnessed his horse and hanged himself in front of the owner, wanting to leave him alone with his conscience all night long. Such cases of revenge were indeed common among the peasants. As the basis of his story, Nekrasov took a genuine story he heard from A.F. Horses.
Ermila Girin
The characterization of the heroes "Who lives well in Russia" is impossible without describing this character. It is Yermila who can be attributed to those lucky ones whom the travelers were looking for. The prototype of the hero was A.D. Potanin, a peasant who manages the Orlov estate, famous for his unprecedented justice.
Jirin is revered among the peasants because of his honesty. For seven years he was burgomaster, but only once he allowed himself to abuse his power: he did not give his younger brother Mitri to recruits. But the unrighteous deed tormented Yermil so much that he almost killed himself. The intervention of the master saved the situation, he restored justice, returned the peasant who was unjustly sent to recruits and sent Mitrius to serve, but he personally took care of him. Girin then left the service and became a miller. When the mill that he rented was sold, Yermila won the auction, but he did not have the money with him to pay the deposit. The people helped the peasant: in half an hour, the peasants who remembered goodness raised a thousand rubles for him.
All of Girin's actions were governed by the desire for justice. Despite the fact that he lived in prosperity and had a considerable economy, when a peasant revolt broke out, he did not stand aside, for which he ended up in prison.
Pop
The characterization of the heroes continues. "Who Lives Well in Russia" is a work rich in characters of different classes, characters and aspirations. Therefore, Nekrasov could not help but turn to the image of a priest. According to Luka, it is the priest who should "live happily, at ease in Russia." And the first on their way seekers of happiness meet a village priest who refutes the words of Luke. The priest has no happiness, wealth, or tranquility. And getting an education is very difficult. The life of a priest is not sweet at all: he sees off the dying on the last journey, blesses those who are being born, and his soul hurts about the suffering and tormented people.
But the people themselves do not particularly honor the priest. He and his family are constantly subject to superstitions, anecdotes, obscene ridicule and songs. And all the wealth of the priests consisted of donations from parishioners, among whom there were many landowners. But with the cancellation, most of the wealthy flock scattered around the world. In 1864, the clergy was also deprived of another source of income: the schismatics, by decree of the emperor, were placed under the tutelage of civil authorities. And with a penny that the peasants bring, "it's hard to live."
Gavrila Afanasevich Obolt-Obolduev
Our characterization of the heroes "Who lives well in Russia" is coming to an end, of course, we could not give descriptions to all the characters in the poem, but included the most important ones in the review. The last of their significant heroes was Gavrila Obolt-Obolduev, a representative of the noble class. He is plump, pot-bellied, mustachioed, ruddy, squat, he is sixty years old. One of the famous ancestors of Gavrila Afanasyevich is a Tatar who entertained the empress with wild animals, stole from the treasury and plotted the arson of Moscow. Obolt-Obolduev is proud of his ancestor. But he is saddened because now he can no longer profit from peasant labor, as before. The landowner covers up his sorrows with concern for the peasant and the fate of Russia.
This idle, ignorant and hypocritical person is convinced that the purpose of his estate is in one thing - "to live by someone else's labor." Creating an image, Nekrasov does not skimp on flaws and endows his hero with cowardice. This trait manifests itself in the comic case when Obolt-Obolduev takes unarmed peasants for robbers and threatens them with a pistol. Much work the peasants had to dissuade the former owner.
Conclusion
Thus, N.A.Nekrasov's poem is full of a number of bright, distinctive characters, called upon from all sides to reflect the situation of the people in Russia, the attitude of different estates and representatives of power towards them. It is thanks to such a number of descriptions of human destinies, often based on real stories, that the work leaves no one indifferent.
Yakim Nagoy, Ermil Girin Nagoy Yakim.
"In the village of Bossove
Yakim Nagoy lives
He works to death
Drinks half to death! "
This is how the character defines himself. In the poem, he is entrusted with speaking in defense of the people on behalf of the people. The image has deep folklore roots: the hero's speech is isolated with paraphrased proverbs, riddles, in addition, formulas similar to those that characterize his appearance
("The hand is tree bark,
And the hair is sand "),
We meet repeatedly. For example, in the folk spiritual verse "About Yegori Khorobrom". The popular idea of \u200b\u200bthe inseparability of man and nature is rethought by Nekrasov, the unity of the worker with the earth is emphasized:
"Lives - fiddles with a plow,
And death will come to Yakimushka-
How a clod of earth will fall off
What's on the plow ... at the eyes, at the mouth
Bends like cracks
On dry ground the neck is brown,
Like a layer cut off with a plow,
Brick face ".
The character's biography is not quite typical for a peasant, rich in events:
"Yakim, wretched old man,
Once lived in St. Petersburg,
Yes, I ended up in jail:
With the merchant it took it into his head to compete!
Like a peeled sticky
He returned to his homeland
And he took up the plow "
During the fire, he lost most of his property, because the first thing he did was to save the pictures he bought for his son
("And he himself is no less than a boy,
He loved to look at them ").
However, in the new house, the hero takes over the old, buys new pictures. Countless adversities only strengthen his firm position in life. In chapter III of the first part ("A Drunken Night"), Nagoy gives a monologue, where his convictions are formulated very clearly: hard labor, the results of which go to three co-investors (God, king and master), and sometimes are completely destroyed by fire; disasters, poverty - all this justifies peasant drunkenness, and one should not measure the peasant by the "master's measure". This point of view on the problem of popular drunkenness, which was widely discussed in the journalism of the 1860s, is close to the revolutionary democratic (according to N.G. Chernyshevsky and N.A. Dobrolyubov, drunkenness is a consequence of poverty). It is no accident that later this monologue was used by the populists in their propaganda activities, it was repeatedly rewritten and reprinted separately from the rest of the text of the poem.
Girin Yermil Ilyich (Yermila).
One of the most likely contenders for the title of lucky. The real prototype of this character is the peasant A.D. Potanin (1797-1853), proxy manager of the estate of Countess Orlova, which was called Odoevschina (after the names of the former owners - the Odoevsky princes), and the peasants baptized them into Adovshchina. Potanin became famous for his extraordinary justice. Nekrasovsky Girin became known to fellow villagers for his honesty in those five years that he served as a clerk in an office
("A thin conscience must
To the peasant from the peasant
To extort a penny ").
Under the old prince Yurlov, he was dismissed, but then, under the young, he was unanimously elected as mayor of Adovshchina. During the seven years of his "reign", Jirin only once distorted his soul:
"... from the recruitment
Little brother Mithrius
He fended off. "
But remorse for this offense almost led him to commit suicide. Only thanks to the intervention of a strong lord was it possible to restore justice, and instead of the son of Nelila Vsyevna, Mitry went to serve, and "the prince himself took care of him." Jirin quit his job, rented a mill
"and he became worse than ever
All the people love. "
When they decided to sell the mill, Jirin won the auction, but he had no money with him to make a deposit. And then "a miracle happened": Girin was rescued by the peasants, to whom he turned for help, in half an hour he managed to collect a thousand rubles in the market square.
And a miracle was done
Throughout the marketplace
Every peasant
Like the wind, half left
Suddenly it started up!
This is the first time in the poem when the world of the people, with one impulse, with one unanimous effort, triumphs over untruth:
Cunning, strong clerk,
And the world is stronger than theirs
The merchant Altynnikov is rich,
And all will not resist him
Against the worldly treasury ...
Girin is driven not by mercantile interest, but by a rebellious spirit:
"The mill is not dear to me,
The offense is great. "
"he had everything he needed
For happiness: and calmness,
Both money and honor ",
At the moment when the peasants start talking about him (chapter "Happy", Girin, in connection with the peasant uprising, is in prison. it is easy to guess both the reason for the riot and Girin's refusal to help in pacifying it.
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