Soviet heavy protective door for the bunker. Secret bunkers in the USSR: the most amazing buildings of the 20th century. Last stages of construction

At all times, issues of government and military communications were given paramount importance. With the advent of the Cold War, it was necessary to solve the problem of stable transmission of information even in the conditions of a nuclear conflict. For this, a system of fortified underground communication centers was created in the USSR. They ensured the transmission of orders from the supreme command to the western grouping of troops, located, among other things, in the countries of the Warsaw Pact. One of these top-secret objects in the past will be discussed below.

Before you read the story and look at the pictures, you should know that the bunker is looking for a person or organization that can rent it or otherwise help turn it into a museum. If you can help in this matter, please report it here in the comments or by mail: antares-610 @ yandex.ru

Previously, it was one military unit, which included two communication centers: receiving and transmitting. The transmitters were located in the forest near the village of Palaces of the Kamenetsky district, and the control point was in the village of Priozerny. Between them - 14 km. Each node was a three-story underground structure with autonomous life support systems, surrounded by a double perimeter with a Radian alarm system that even a hare could not run through.

In 1991, both facilities were planned to be modernized, like similar bunkers in Poland and Germany. They even brought part of the equipment to Kamenets, but after the Belovezhskaya agreements everything stopped, the equipment disappeared. Soon the military left the facility, taking secret devices and documentation to Russia. The receiving part was adapted for the reserve headquarters of civil defense. The military camp adjacent to the bunker, where during the war the headquarters of the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries was to be located, was rebuilt in 1999 into the Belaya Vezha republican sanatorium. In 2001, the civil defense headquarters left the walls of the facility, the bunker was transferred to the balance of the Ministry of Emergencies. Since then, he, in a mothballed state, is under round-the-clock protection. The state allocates money only for electricity, as well as for the salary of the commandant of the facility, 4 shift watchmen and an electrician on duty.

Thanks to the efforts of caring people, some of whom served here, like commandant A.A. Shorichev, a unique object managed to be saved from marauders. , smaller in size, a radically different fate awaited. Its lower tier was flooded with groundwater, and the lack of protection led to complete looting. The reception center was originally built on a high place, even at the lower level the surrounding soil is dry, it is not threatened by flooding.

1. The main entrance to the bunker is covered from above with a small plywood house painted in camouflage. Ventilation kiosks are visible behind, with the help of which air was taken for supply ventilation of the facility.

2. A concrete staircase is hidden inside the house.

3. A memorial plaque is fixed on the wall in memory of the military builders of the Red Banner Belarusian Military District, who built the facility in 1968-1971.

4. At the end of the stairs, the entrance to the facility is blocked by a massive protective door (DZ), capable of protecting against the shock wave of an atomic explosion. Its weight is 3 tons. In order to get inside, it was necessary to pick up the phone and give the password to the sentry on the other side of the shutter.

5. Behind the main door there is a second, slightly smaller DZG door - protective and hermetic.

6. There was also a telephone on the wall here.

7. There was a third telephone behind the second door. There is also a fire hydrant and a remote control responsible for the operation of pressure valves.

8. Next was the system of lock chambers. Inside the object, pressure above atmospheric pressure was maintained - to protect against the penetration of chemical warfare agents. As the chambers passed, the pressure gradually increased.

9. Long corridors with many bulkheads stretch further. Inside, the object resembles a submarine. It is divided into three floors, each with an area of 1200 m².

10. The upper tier is almost completely occupied by information transmission systems. There is still a huge amount of radio equipment here, for example, R155P "Brusnika" main radio receivers.

11. An antenna field was located around each bunker. Communication with antennas and nearby objects was carried out through cable lines. All cables were equipped with double hermetic sheaths, inside which increased pressure was maintained. Any damage to the cable was recorded by a manometer installed inside the bunker. This made it possible to quickly monitor the state of wired communication lines and timely troubleshoot.

12. Information transmitted through various communication channels was transmitted to a huge linear-equipment room. The equipment of transmission systems with frequency distribution of channels (FCD) and a switching stand were located here. Each block was responsible for a separate channel.

13. Separate secret data was encrypted in the classified communications equipment (SAS), and then issued to a separate SAS switch. Data that did not need to be encrypted was immediately transmitted to the long-distance switch.

14. The operators brought the parameters of the signals to normal characteristics, allowing them to be transmitted further. On the stand of the Primary Groups of the K-60P equipment is a cup with the inscription "To the best communication post."

15. For equipment diagnostics, special devices were provided, for the sake of ease of movement, they were placed on wheels.

16. In a room with soundproof walls, a long-distance communication switch is located. Here subscribers were connected to each other. Mostly women worked.

17. It was possible to contact from here with any point of the Soviet Union and with all satellite countries, even with Cuba.

18. The diagram indicated the call signs of the nodes with which it was possible to get in touch. Not all of them, like Rubrika, were anti-nuclear bunkers. Here are a few that have been identified:
"Ruby"- Moscow, 1st communication center of the General Staff.
"Strait"- Vlasikha, the central command post of the Strategic Missile Forces.
"Grad"- Gomel.
"Globe"- Minsk, 62nd central communication center of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus.
"Apricot"- Lviv, 63rd communication center of the Carpathian military district.
"Wizard"- pos. Kievets in the Minsk region, the command post of the Belarusian military district.
"Light Guide"- Bars tropospheric communication station No. 101 not far from Rubrika.
"Pheasant"— Brest, unprotected communication center
"Harpoon"- Smolensk, the communications center of the General Staff.
"Reference point"- Eagle, unprotected communication center, training center for signalmen.

19. In order for all clocks of the object to show the same time, a clock station was provided.

20. The exact time for all the clocks of the bunker was set by a duplicated system of mechanical clocks with an electromagnetic drive.

21. In the mid-1980s, the system was replaced with new electronic equipment, the exact time signal began to come here via radio from an external source. However, this system went out of order rather quickly, and we had to return to a more reliable old scheme.

22. In peacetime, the garrison ate in the canteen of the military camp, food was brought to duty in thermoses. But in case of hostilities, a catering unit was provided.

23. During the exercise, food was prepared in this kitchen.

24. Nearby is a room for washing dishes. Manually, of course.

25. Also at the facility were three freezers for food storage.

26. The lower two tiers of the bunker are no longer connected in any way with data transfer, but are completely given over to systems that allowed them to exist autonomously for 2-3 weeks.

27. Ventilation systems are located on the -2 floor.

28. In total, there were 16 ventilation systems at the facility: supply, recirculation, exhaust, for breathing, for cooling appliances, etc.

29. The air in each of the systems needed to be cleaned, cooled, dried or humidified.

30. For the primary purification of the air coming from the surface, a cyclone filter was provided, in which the air was passed through a fine mesh drum, partially immersed in oil.

31. In the event of the use of poisonous substances, ventilation through carbon filters was provided.

32. The air used to cool the equipment was passed through a jet water stream in the air conditioner of refrigeration machines (KD-20).

33. The machines provided the necessary temperature and humidity conditions (TVM) of the air.

34. Motorized dampers have been installed on some systems.

35. However, the automatic drive has always been duplicated by the manual drive.

36. Depending on the mode in which the unit was, the dispatcher chose the mode of air supply. If it was impossible to take air from the surface, an autonomous supply of 4000 m³ was provided, stored in 96 special cylinders.

37. Cylinders still maintain a pressure of 50 atmospheres, which protects them from rust.

38. Numerous pipelines from the cylinders lead to an adjacent room.

39. Here, with the help of a special shield, the air supply from the cylinders to the ventilation system was controlled.

40. A compressor and two receivers are installed nearby to smooth out pressure pulsations. The air was previously passed through the dryer to protect the equipment from the negative effects of moisture. In the corner under the insulating cover there is an air humidity meter.

41. The heaviest life support equipment was on the -3rd floor.

42. Posters with diagrams of life support systems hang on the landing.

43. All rooms on the technical floor were equipped with hermetic doors.

44. There were several pumping stations at the site. The color of the water pipes corresponded to their purpose in the systems of the complex. Blue - water for drinking and household needs, red - fire extinguishing system. There were also electric heaters. Behind the wall of the hall there were reservoirs for storing water.

45. Water was also used to cool cars.

46. In addition, the facility had four of its own artesian wells.

47. Household and fecal sewage was pumped in a small pumping station.

48. To cool the water, refrigeration units operating on freon were provided. For water and freon, two containers are provided.

49. The operation of the refrigerator was provided by two compressors, a receiver, a heat exchanger, and freon tanks.

50. Each of the compressors was connected to a receiver - a pressure equalization tank.

51. Water and freon were pumped through heat exchangers.

52. The pressure gauges on the heat exchanger were equipped with fluorescent screens.

53. The energy system of the complex was powered by a diesel generator. However, for the first 15 minutes of operation, the diesel engine could not support the required load, so three-machine units were used. In them, the generators that produced the operating voltage to power the systems of the complex were set in motion by either an alternating or direct current engine. The latter were powered by batteries located in the adjacent room.

55. There were currents of several thousand amperes, so such huge switches were installed.

56. The control panel is striking in its size and complexity.

57. Batteries occupied a whole vast hall, another room was allocated for duplicated rectifier units (VUS), which ensured their charging.

58.

59. The electrical system was controlled through the main switchboard (MSB).

60. It was mounted on a platform suspended from the ceiling on shock absorbers. This made it possible to protect equipment and communications from failure in the event of seismic waves affecting the structure during a nearby nuclear explosion.

61. Cabinets were arranged in the outer walls where spare parts were stored.

62. Starting device for diesel generators (PUAS), one of three available.

63.

64. Workplace of the operator on duty shift.

65. The holy of holies of the bunker is a room with three ship diesel generators with a capacity of 500 kilowatts each.

69. They provided autonomous power supply to the facility and the military camp in case of failure of the power cable from the nearest substation. On one occasion, the site's generators even provided electricity to a neighboring district center with a population of 8,000. All three generators never worked at the same time, the system was always redundant.

68. The main fuel reserves were stored in two 60 m³ tanks located in the ground behind the outer walls of the facility. Compressed air cylinders were used to start diesel engines.

67. The air in them was pumped with this electric compressor.

66. The pressure in the cylinders was controlled by manometers.

70. Huge exhaust units were installed in the engine room, there was a constant recirculation of air. Exhaust gases were sent through special pipelines to cooling machines and removed from the facility.

71. Management of all engineering systems of the complex was carried out from the control room. Almost the entire space in front of the console is occupied by a mnemonic diagram of ventilation systems, doors and hatches.

72. On the right is a much more modest mnemonic diagram of the water supply system.

73. There were jobs for two people: a dispatcher-technician and a dispatcher-communicator.

74. Depending on the degree of combat readiness, the technician chose a certain mode of functioning of the structure, remotely issuing commands to the actuators of all engineering systems of the complex.

75. For each of the modes of declared combat readiness, its own system configuration table was compiled.

76. From one console, the dispatcher could control the door lock, ventilation kiosk dampers, hermetic valves, filter and ventilation units, numerous water pumps, refrigerators, smoke removal systems, air pressure in individual rooms, each of the 16 ventilation systems.

77. The signalman could call to any point of the object, where there were people on duty.

78. The design of the control room, as well as the main switchboard, is a platform on suspended supports fixed in the ceiling.

79. Control room - the most impressive room of the bunker, the last one examined.

We express our gratitude to the head of the Brest Regional Department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Konstantin Yevgenievich Shershunovich, press secretary Sergei Vitalievich Mashnov and the commandant of the facility Anatoly Aleksandrovich Shorichev for their help in visiting the communication center.

Sources and additional information:

Dungeons are always mysterious, whether they are caves, karst faults, the vents of dormant volcanoes - or man-made burrows under granite slabs, basalt rocks and thousands of tons of concrete.
Man settled in caves from time immemorial, and in the atomic age he created a lot of man-made dungeons for himself - not just to live, but to survive. Underground bunkers can be called one of the most unique structures in the world. But building a bunker is half the battle: you have to do it covertly. The task is very difficult, given the scale and engineering complexity. Having built it, the secret must be kept. Not all bunkers are known - some are completely abandoned and hidden from the eyes of nature itself, while others operate and are kept even more secret.

Bunker in Samara

Stalin's bunker on the Volga is considered the deepest structure of the Second World War. Kuibyshev, as Samara was then called, was a reserve capital in case of the capture of Moscow - the Soviet government, the party apparatus and foreign missions were evacuated there. Stalin himself remained in Moscow throughout the war - he also had plenty of bunkers there. The Samara facility was built under a granite slab and is a miniature copy of the Aeroport metro station in Moscow. It lies at a depth of 37 meters (the depth of Hitler's Berlin bunker was 16 meters, and Winston Churchill's military office in London was located, in fact, in the basement of an administrative building). Stalin's bunker is not only reliably protected, but also very comfortable: the generalissimo's main office and rest room are almost the same as in the Kremlin.

Bunker-42

On Taganka there is an inconspicuous two-story mansion. There are no windows on the first floor - the house was built to hide a six-meter-thick concrete dome that covers a shaft that goes 60 meters deep. There, at the level of the metro ring line, there are four tunnels connected by passages. This is a reserve command post for Long-Range Aviation.
It is now a museum of the Cold War. You can get into it by descending a staircase of 310 steps with a countdown of floors, admiring the corridors lined with steel plates with massive airtight doors. At the end of a fascinating tour, the lights go out, smoke appears, red emergency lighting turns on, and an intercom announces that a nuclear strike has been struck on the capital.

Underground city of Yamantau

Mount Yamantau, about which a lot of fantastic rumors have been circulating lately, is the highest in the South Urals; however, the Ural ridge itself is very low. In the West, it is believed that the transformation of the mountain into a giant underground anthill began during the period of late stagnation. The Russian military does not comment on this. A railway has been brought to Yamantau, the top of the mountain is carefully guarded. The main purpose of the object is either a secret military plant, or a spare residence of the president and government, and possibly an ammunition depot. Be that as it may, due to the distance from the borders, the mountain provides additional security.

warhead storage

Underground, you can not only hide in case of big trouble, but also store a lot of useful things. For example, at the height of the Cold War, the Soviet Union, in violation of all international treaties that prohibited the deployment of nuclear weapons outside its borders, created one of the warhead storage facilities in a very picturesque corner of Czechoslovakia. This gave a huge advantage in the event of a war in the European theater of operations, but if the secret became a reality, the already flawed reputation of the USSR would be dealt a crushing blow. Even the Czechoslovak military were not allowed into the arsenal. The Soviet military leaders were lucky: the object was declassified only in the nineties.

Submarine shelter

Even floating things can be stored underground. One of the most grandiose constructions of the Cold War era is the submarine shelter in Balaklava. Mount Tavros, in the depths of which it is located, consists of very durable marble-like limestone, and the thickness of the rock under the tunnels and channels is more than 100 meters. The object has the first category of anti-nuclear resistance - it is not afraid of a direct hit by a 100 kiloton bomb.

There are more and more nostalgic for the Soviet Union every year. It would seem that now people have so many opportunities that they still lack. But there will always be people yearning for the past. It is difficult for a free person to understand this phenomenon, and so that the lessons of history are not forgotten, in Lithuania, 25 kilometers from Vilnius, a Soviet-era bunker was turned into a tourist attraction in which you can become a "Soviet dissident" or return "back to the USSR."

15 PHOTOS

The material was prepared with the support of the job merchandiser service in Ufa.

1. The "House of Creativity" - a building with an area of 5 thousand square meters and an underground bunker of 2.5 thousand m2 - was built near Vilnius in 1983-1985 by order of Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. This facility is nothing more than a backup TV station in case of a nuclear war. (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
2. As it is written on the official website - only 25 kilometers from Vilnius, 5 meters underground and you will find yourself in the USSR. Those who wish can visit the world's first underground museum of socialism or become ... a citizen of a totalitarian state and take part in the “Drama of Survival. 1984.". (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
3. In Survival Drama you will be met by guards with dogs. All your personal belongings will be confiscated, and in return you will receive jerseys and hats with earflaps - just like Soviet prisoners. (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
4. You will be “immersed in the life of a citizen of the USSR”, full of tension and peculiar way of life. In case of disobedience, the participants face "mental or physical punishment". (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
5. In the dungeon, KGB officers will interrogate you: they will humiliate you, use the most sophisticated methods of secret services, and do everything to make you admit your guilt. What guilt? Who cares? You can confess to anything under torture. (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
6. In "Survival Drama" you can even be "symbolically" executed. (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
7. Here you will be forced to wear a gas mask, watch TV shows from 1984 and memorize the anthem of the USSR. (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
8. Survival Drama participants will also have a real prison lunch. (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
9. Socially useful work of "prisoners". (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
10. Authentic conditions are created in the cells - cold as in a freezer. (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
11. For those who do not dare to take part in the "Drama of Survival", there is an opportunity to return "back to the USSR." (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
12. Participants are waiting for Soviet propaganda at its best: Lenin's rest room, civil defense rooms, KGB premises and other attributes of Soviet reality. (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
13. There are also some nice moments: the “Soviet feast” with vodka and lard awaits visitors, as well as songs and dances of those times. (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
14. There is an opportunity to visit the "doctor's office" of the Soviet era, which is more like a torture room. (Photo: sovietbunker.com).
15. In conclusion, before leaving the bunker, each participant will receive a special certificate and an authentic gift "from Soviet times". (Photo: sovietbunker.com).

Becoming a "Soviet man" for 3 hours costs approximately 1,200 Russian rubles or 33 US dollars.

Thanks to the efforts of caring people, some of whom served here, like commandant A.A. Shorichev, a unique object managed to be saved from marauders. The transfer bunker, smaller in size, was waiting for a radically different fate. Its lower tier was flooded with groundwater, and the lack of protection led to complete looting. The reception center was originally built on a high place, even at the lower level the surrounding soil is dry, it is not threatened by flooding.

2. A concrete staircase is hidden inside the house.

3. A memorial plaque is fixed on the wall in memory of the military builders of the Red Banner Belarusian Military District, who built the facility in 1968-1971.

5. Behind the main door there is a second, slightly smaller DZG door - protective and hermetic.

6. There was also a telephone on the wall here.

7. There was a third telephone behind the second door. There is also a fire hydrant and a remote control responsible for the operation of pressure valves.

9. Long corridors with many bulkheads stretch further. Inside, the object resembles a submarine. It is divided into three floors, each with an area of 1200 m².

10. The upper tier is almost completely occupied by information transmission systems. There is still a huge amount of radio equipment here, for example, R155P "Brusnika" main radio receivers.

14. The operators brought the parameters of the signals to normal characteristics, allowing them to be transmitted further. On the counter is a cup with the inscription "To the best post of communication."

15. For equipment diagnostics, special devices were provided, for the sake of ease of movement, they were placed on wheels.

16. In a room with soundproof walls, a long-distance communication switch is located. Here subscribers were connected to each other. Mostly women worked.

17. It was possible to contact from here with any point of the Soviet Union and with all satellite countries, even with Cuba.

18. The diagram indicated the call signs of the nodes with which it was possible to get in touch. Not all of them, like Rubrika, were anti-nuclear bunkers. Here are a few that have been identified:
"Ruby"- Moscow, 1st communication center of the General Staff.
"Strait"- Vlasikha, the central command post of the Strategic Missile Forces.
"Grad"- Gomel.
"Globe"- Minsk, 62nd central communication center of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus.
"Apricot"- Lviv, 63rd communication center of the Carpathian military district.
"Wizard"- settlement Kievets in the Minsk region, the command post of the Belarusian military district.
"Light Guide"- Bars tropospheric communication station No. 101 not far from Rubrika.
"Pheasant"- Brest, unprotected communication center
"Harpoon"- Smolensk, communications center of the General Staff.
"Reference point"- Eagle, unprotected communication center, training center for signalmen.

19. In order for all clocks of the object to show the same time, a clock station was provided.

20. The exact time for all the clocks of the bunker was set by a duplicated system of mechanical clocks with an electromagnetic drive.

22. In peacetime, the garrison ate in the canteen of the military camp, food was brought to duty in thermoses. But in case of hostilities, a catering unit was provided.

23. During the exercise, food was prepared in this kitchen.

24. Nearby - a room for washing dishes. Manually, of course.

25. Also at the facility were three freezers for food storage.

26. The lower two tiers of the bunker are no longer connected in any way with data transfer, but are completely given over to systems that allowed them to exist autonomously for 2-3 weeks.

27. Ventilation systems are located on the -2 floor.

28. In total, there were 16 ventilation systems at the facility: supply, recirculation, exhaust, for breathing, for cooling appliances, etc.

29. The air in each of the systems needed to be cleaned, cooled, dried or humidified.

30. For the primary purification of the air coming from the surface, a cyclone filter was provided, in which the air was passed through a fine mesh drum, partially immersed in oil.

31. In the event of the use of poisonous substances, ventilation through carbon filters was provided.

32. The air used to cool the equipment was passed through a jet water stream in the air conditioner of refrigeration machines (KD-20).

33. The machines provided the necessary temperature and humidity conditions (TVM) of the air.

34. Motorized dampers have been installed on some systems.

35. However, the automatic drive has always been duplicated by the manual drive.

37. Cylinders still maintain a pressure of 50 atmospheres, which protects them from rust.

38. Numerous pipelines from the cylinders lead to an adjacent room.

39. Here, with the help of a special shield, the air supply from the cylinders to the ventilation system was controlled.

41. The heaviest life support equipment was on the -3rd floor.

42. Posters with diagrams of life support systems hang on the landing.

43. All rooms on the technical floor were equipped with hermetic doors.

45. Water was also used to cool cars.

46. In addition, the facility had four of its own artesian wells.

47. Household and fecal sewage was pumped in a small pumping station.

48. To cool the water, refrigeration units operating on freon were provided. For water and freon, two containers are provided.

49. The operation of the refrigerator was provided by two compressors, a receiver, a heat exchanger, and freon tanks.

50. Each of the compressors was connected to a receiver - a pressure equalization tank.

51. Water and freon were pumped through heat exchangers.

52. The pressure gauges on the heat exchanger were equipped with fluorescent screens.

55. There were currents of several thousand amperes, so such huge switches were installed.

56. The control panel is striking in its size and complexity.

57. Batteries occupied a whole vast hall, another room was allocated for duplicated rectifier units (VUS), which ensured their charging.

58.

59. The electrical system was controlled through the main switchboard (MSB).

61. Cabinets were arranged in the outer walls where spare parts were stored.

62. Starting device for diesel generators (PUAS), one of three available.

63.

64. Workplace of the operator on duty shift.

65. The holy of holies of the bunker - a room with three ship diesel generators with a capacity of 500 kilowatts each.

68. The main fuel reserves were stored in two 60 m³ tanks located in the ground behind the outer walls of the facility. Compressed air cylinders were used to start diesel engines.

67. The air in them was pumped with this electric compressor.

66. The pressure in the cylinders was controlled by manometers.

72. On the right is a much more modest mnemonic diagram of the water supply system.

73. There were jobs for two people: a dispatcher-technician and a dispatcher-communicator.

75. For each of the modes of declared combat readiness, its own system configuration table was compiled.

77. The signalman could call to any point of the object, where there were people on duty.

78. The design of the control room, as well as the main switchboard, is a platform on suspended supports fixed in the ceiling.

79. Control room - the most impressive room in the bunker, the last one examined.