What is the word order in the English sentence. Word order in the English affirmative sentence

Word order in the English affirmative sentence ( declarative) is usually strictly defined. Each member of the proposal has its own place. It is very important. The meaning of the sentence changes from a rearrangement of places, since in English there are no cases, there are no changes in verbs by gender and number, and often only the word order shows us what is subject (SUBJECT), what is predicate (VERB), and what are secondary members of the sentence - additions (OBJECT), circumstances, etc.

A simple example:

A boy hit a girl. (The boy hit the girl)
A girl hit a boy. (Girl hit the boy)

You see how the meaning has changed dramatically only because the boy and girl have switched places in the sentence.

The usual word order in the English affirmative sentence with additions

The simplest sentence model with a dot: the subject is put in first place, followed by the predicate, and then - the direct complement (direct object)if it is. A direct complement is an object that is affected by a verb. This object can be a noun, pronoun or phrase.

Examples of simple sentences with direct addition. For clarity, highlight subject, verb, direct object:

A girl writes a book. (Girl writes a book)
You will bring flowers. (You will bring flowers)
My sister has got a husband and three children. (My sister has a husband and three children)

The subject is not expressed in one word, but with a phrase. Then all this phrase is put before the predicate:

The woman who lives next door called her children. (The woman who lives next door called her children.)

In addition to direct additions, there may be indirect additions ( indirect object) is the receiver of the action. His place in the sentence depends on whether he has an excuse. to or not:

If there is to, then this indirect addition is put after the direct:

Sonia had written a letter to her mother (Sonya wrote a letter to her mother)
You will bring your flowers to me (You bring me your flowers)

Indirect addition without toset before direct addition:

Linda will bring him a book(Linda will bring him a book)

Place of adverbs in the English affirmative sentence

Adverbs ( adverbs ), which can be expressed in one word or phrase, can stand in three places.

Before subject:
At the bottom of the stairs there were two doors. (There were two doors at the top of the stairs)
Then, on day in September, an unusual customer came into the bank (Then, one day in September, an unusual client came to the bank).
Yesterday we went to the cinema(Yesterday we went to the cinema)
After additions or a predicate that does not require direct additions (almost any dialect can be put in this place):
The shop opened on Monday, 22nd February, 1965 . (The store opened on Monday, February 22, 1965)
Mr Smith brought lots of flowers yesterday. (Mr. Smith brought a lot of flowers yesterday)
After the auxiliary or, but before the main verb of the complex predicate (usually it is an adverb of frequency or time):
Marsha has already been to Moscow. (March has already been to Moscow).
The stars can sometimes be seen from heavy and dense clouds. (Stars can sometimes be seen through heavy and dense clouds)

Adverbs of frequency ( adverbs of frequency)

Adverbs of frequency occupy a privileged position in the sentence. Usually, nothing breaks the connection between the subject and the predicate, as well as between the predicate and the complement, however this does not apply, such as: never, often, always .... However, it is more natural to use them all the same in the middle of the predicate:

I sometimes write him letters. (I sometimes write letters to him)
Olga always brings up her husband to work (Olga always drives her husband to work).
He has sometimes given me a flower. (He sometimes gave me a flower).

Almost every rule has exceptions. Masters english words sometimes they rearrange words in places not according to the rules, in order to emphasize some points. However, in this article we will not consider these exceptions.

Minor Proposal Members

Word order in english sentence also applies to other secondary members of the proposals, showing the place, time, methods and causes of action. Their sequence can be depicted as follows:

Example : Tom ate breakfast on the train (where) this morning (when) because he was late (why).

It is in that order that this sentence will sound natural.

If these elements consist of several parts, then they are usually arranged in order: from smaller to larger. Consider two examples, in one of which an element whenconsists of several parts, and in another - an element where:

The bank opened at 9 am on Monday last week. (The bank opened at 9 a.m. on Monday last week) - hour, day, week.
They live in a house in a village in Russia. (They live in a house in a village in Russia) - first a house, then a village, then a country - from small to large.

English word order exercises

Arrange the words in the correct order to get an affirmative sentence.

Paul / never / has / her / met.
bill / somebody / paid / the.
do / work / for / going / to / your / I’m / you.
the library / take / I / the / book / will / today / to.
weather / while / were / the / was / away / cold / we.
children / the / time / beach / the / had / at / a / great.
am / I / sleep / on / all / to / day / going / Saturday.
arrived / ago / ten / to / they / minutes / station / the.
hour / travel / good / during / the / a / it’s / rush / not / idea / to.
send / to / decided / friend / to / a / Martin / letter / his.
people / standing / to / the / into / are / these / a / in / queue / get / cinema.
station / to / time / she / to / got / train / the / the / the / just / to / catch / airport / in.

Check the answers by ear in the audio file.

Content - Content
Word order in an English narrative sentence ... 4

Noun ……………………………………………………… 5

Product …………………………………………………… ............... 6

Pronoun ……………………………………………………… .. 7

Some, any, no ………………………………………… ....................... 8

Many, much, few, little ……………………………………………… 9

Adjective …………………………………………………………. 10

Numeral …………………………………………………………… ..12

Prepositions ………………………………………………………………… ..12

“To be” …………………………………………………………………… ... 14

‘There + be’ ………………. ………………………………………………… 15

“To be, to do, to have” ……………………………………………………… 15

“Have / have got” ……………………………………………………… .17

Verb tenses in active voice ………………………………… ... 18

Verb tenses in the passive voice ……………………………… 26

Modal verbs and their equivalents …………………………………. 28

Types interrogative sentences ……………………………… 32

Communion ……………………………………………………… 33

Involved momentum ............................................. 35

Gerund. Gerundial turnover ………………………………… 36

Infinitive. Infinitive turns …………………………… .. 37

Coordination of times ..................................................... 39

Direct and indirect speech …………………………………………………. 40

Conditional offers …………………………………………………. 42

STOP & CHECK YOURSELF ……………………………………………. 44

To table 1 : English word order

narrative sentence

Exercise 1.

Is, a, table, book, on, there, the. 2
Library, very, is, good, our.
Are 35, pupils, class, our, in, there.
Like, I, read, to, books.
She, to, goes, Pete, with, school.
Study, in, we, winter.
In, room, is, there, telephone, my, a.
Visit, uncle, to, went, to, his, Pavel, Moscow.
They, with, play, Saturday, every, basket ball, friends, their?
He, fond, always, English, he, because, is, well, language, of, this, knows.
Datum, blackboard, was, this, on, formula, the, of, there, this.

Task 2. Make sentences from the following words, following the word order in the English sentence.

Usually, it, me, to get, takes, my, an hour, to, office.
There, any, are, on, the blackboard, figures.
A picture, there, over, the bookcase, is?
Countries, the, metric system, European, use, most, now.
This, the, to, have, no, I, to, time, gym, go, afternoon.
Winning, players, a lot of, among, team, has, of, friends, he.
Farmers, club, built, last, students, new, for, year, collective.
See, cinema, time, to, go, I, new, the, have, when, free, the, the, film, to, I.
There, are, United, located, the, Atlantic, States, the Pacific, between, Oceans, and.
Will, a, be, laboratory, in, there, this, next, room, year.
Had, our, finished, we, experiment?
Are of, full, news, newspapers, our, interesting, USA, about, the.

Task 3.Make sentences from the following words, following the word order in the English sentence.

In winter, study, we, and, in summer, rest.
A library, we, at, have, very, school, good, our.
Many, factories, are, at, there, town, our.
Friend, Donetsk, studies, my, at, University, the, in.
Is, for, friend, this, letter, your, I, which, received, yesterday.
To, Victor, four, wrote, days, a, his, letter, ago, friend.
See, often, we, library, them, our, at, local.
Morning, at, o’clock, in, usually, up, woke, the, six.

9. Group, will, students, the, of, go, State, to, Museum, tomorrow, History, the.

10. The, is, the best, famous, one, museums, world, the, in, British, of, museum.
To table 2: Noun
Exercise 1.Choose the correct noun plural

1.a school (A - schooles, B - schools, C - school); 2. a sheep (A - sheep, B - sheeps, C - sheepes); 3. news (A - newes, B - newses, C - news); 4. a child (A - childs, B - children, C - childrens); 5. a baby (A - babys, B - babies, C - babis); 6. money (A - money, B - moneys, C - moneis); 7. A goose (A - gooses, B - geeses, C - geese); 8. advice ( A– advice, B - advices, C - advicis); 9. a handkerchief ( A– handkerchiefs, B - handkerchieves, C - handkerchievs); 10. foot (A - foots, B - feets, C– feet); 11. sugar (A– sugas, B - sugares, C - sugar); 12. hair (A – hairs, B – hair, C – haires); 13. A box (A - box, B - boxes, C - box); 14. information (A - informations, B - information, C - informationes); 15. a housewife (A - housewifes, B - housewifs, C - housewives).
Task 2.Choose a noun form in the possessive case. .

1. The tooth of my little brother 2. The toys of my sister
A. My brother "s little tooth; A. My sister" s toys

B. My little brother "s tooth B. My sisters" toys

C. My tooth "s little brother C. The toys" my sister

3. The wages of my father 4. The text-book of my friend

A. Father "s my wages; A. My friends" text-book

B. Wages "my father B. My friend" s the textbook

C. My father "s wages C. My friend" s text-book

5. The people of this country. 6. The goods of that office.

A.This country "s people; A. That office" s goods;

B.These people "s country; B. That offices" goods

C. Country "s these people. C. The goods" that office

7. The instruments of his father. 8. The children of my aunt.

A. His father "s instruments; A. My aunts" children;

B. His instrument "s father; B. Children" s my aunt;

C. The father "s instruments. C. My aunt" s children.

9. The geese of my Granny. 10. The trousers of those boys.

A. Geese "s my Granny; A. Those boy" s trousers;

B. My Granny "s geese; B. Those boys" trousers;

C. My geese "s Granny. C. The trousers" those boys.
TO table 3: Article
Exercise 1.Place the indefinite, definite or zero articles in front of the following nouns and phrases.

House, ... Petrovs, my ... sister, ... butter, ... knowledge, ... Asia, ... Caucasus, ... Apennines, much ... water, by ... tram, ... Transvaal, any ... pen, ... sugar, ...

Bermudas, ... milk, in ... morning, at ... school, on ... right, by day, to go to ... bed, to tell ... time, ... sun, at ... time, to have ... cold, ... tea, ... Azores, ... Black Sea, .... snow, ... British Channel, ... Australia, ... Doctor Brown, that ... boy, ... Professor Pavlov, ... coal, ... Titanic, ... I Geography , some ... books, ... music, ... Pacific Ocean, this I ... dictionary, ... Rostov (hotel), ... Paris, little ... milk, ... moon,. .. best boy, ... second lesson, ... United States of America, ... Scotland, ... Appalachians, ... America, ... Florida, ... Bahamas, ... Rocky Mountains, ...Alaska, ... Sunday Times.
Task 2.Choose the necessary article instead of the passes: A - a; B is an; C - the, D - (zero article)
A. Common Nouns
1. You "ve got ... cold. Stay at ... home and have ... apple. 2. Give me your ... pen, please. This ... pen is bad. 3. What" s. .. time? Oh, it "s high time to train and play ... piano. 4. To tell ... truth, I am not ready for ... lesson. 5. In ... spring we like to go for ... walk in ... park. 6. Come to see me ... day after tomorrow in ... evening. 7. We had ... good time on ... board ... ship this ... summer. 8 . As ... result of our
... walk we "ve got ... lot of beautiful autumn ... leaves. 9. Don" t be in ... hurry, take your ... seat and tell me about ... school. 10. Take ... care of your sister, she has ... bad headache.

B. Proper nouns

1. On ... Wednesday ... Times published an article about the events in ... Caucasus. 2. ... United Kingdom includes ... Great Britain and ... Northern Ireland. 3. ... English Channel is between ... England and ... France. 4. My father is from ... Ukraine. He was born in the town of Cherkassy on ... Dnieper river. 5. ... USA is the fourth largest country in the world after ... Russia, ... Canada and ... Republic of ... China. 6. ... Lena is ... longest river in ... Siberia. 7. My relatives live in ... Crimea, not far from ... Black Sea. 8. Sometimes on ... Sundays we enjoy a wonderful journey on board ... "Ivan Polsunov" along ... Don. 9. Show me ... Canary Islands and ... Azores on this map. 10. ... Browns speak ... Russian very well because they often visit ... Moscow and other cities of ... Russia.

TO table 4: Pronouns
Exercise 1.Translate to englishin parentheses possessive and reflexive pronouns.

1. This is (our) Institute. 2. These are (their) drawings. 3. I don’t know where I have put (my) pencil. 4. I don’t know where is (my) pencil. 5.Give me (your) pen, please. 6. She must write (her) translation. 7. He wants to read (his) translation and they will read (his) translation. 8. He has no idea where (his) ticket is. 9. I shall give him (my) ticket as I don’t want to go to the cinema. 10. Here is the table I want to show you; one of (his) legs is broken. 11. I gave her (his) book. 12. We shall give them (their) tools. 13. I’ll do this (myself). 14. The experiment (itself) was very important.

Task 2..

1. I often meet (his, him) in the reading-room. 2. Will you give (I, me) your text-book, please? 3. I received a letter from (she, her). 4. We saw (they, them) in the theater. 5. Give me (you, your) ball-point-pen (ballpoint pen), please. 6. (Me, my) sister teaches (them, their) mathematics. 7. (Our, us) students were present at the lecture. 8. (Many, much) students were present at the lecture. 9. He reads (little, few). 10. She spends (many, much) time on this kind of work.

Task 3.Expand the brackets by choosing the correct pronoun form .

1. I used (her, hers) bicycle; (my, mine) is broken. 2. I recognize you but I have forgotten (your, yours) name. 3. (Your, yours) suitcase is bigger than (our, ours). 4. (Their, theirs) dog ate its dinner. 5. Is this bicycle (your, yours)? No, it’s John’s. 6. Is this one (our, ours)? I’m not sure. 7. This is (my, mine) typewriter. 8. That is (her, hers) problem. 9. Those glasses are (my, mine). 10. Are these (your, yours) shoes? No, they are (their, theirs). 11. Show (we, our, us) these pictures, we like (their, them, they). 12. Whose books are these? They are (we, us, our) books. 13. Look at the picture, (it, it’s, she) beautiful. 14. Come to see (my, I, me) today. 15. His sister likes to read (she, her, his) books on history. She reads (they, them, their) after classes. 16. Help (I, my, me) with this translation, please (he, it, his) is difficult. I cannot do it without (you, your) help. 17. Ivanova is (our, we, us) teacher of English. (She, her, it) is not old. 18. Read the text, please. (He, she, it) is easy. 19. This letter is from (his, he, him). 20. I am going to (he, him, his) sister.

Task 4.Expand the brackets by placing the personal and possessive pronouns below in the correct form.

A. Singular singular : my, me, mine, his, his, her, hers, it, its.

1. Give (me) (ee) book to read. (My) - is not interesting. 2. Are these (ego) text-books? No, they are (her). 3. Show (to me) (his) magazine, please. 4. (His) sister is here, and where is (mine)? 5. Give (him) (his) pen. He likes to write with (her). (She) is always with (him). 6. Please, help (me) to write a report for (him). (He) needs (in him) for tomorrow. 7. (This) is not (his) key. (He) is (her). 8. Give (to me) (her) photo and I’ll give (to you) (mine). 9. I asked (her) to help (him) to do (his) home-task. 10. Is (this) (her) map? (I) am not sure. (I) think, (she) is (him).

B. Plural pronouns : we, us, our, ours, you, your, yours, they, them, their, theirs.

1. (We) are (their) relatives, not (yours). 2. Show (us) (our) new teacher. 3. Whose girl is this? The girl is (ours). 4. Are the boys (your) friends? No, (they) are (their) friends. 5. All (your) suitcases are in (their) car. Take (them). 6. What is (your) address? (Them) is the same. (They) live not far from (you). 7. How long are (you) waiting for (us)? 8. (We) asked (them) to live with (us) at (our) summer cottage. 9. Where are (their) glasses? Show (them) to (us). 10. We know (them) very well. (They) are the friends of (ours).

To tables 4.2-4.4: SOME, ANY, NOand their derivatives

Exercise 1.Fill in the gaps with pronouns SOMEor ANY.

a.1. There are ____ photographs in the cupboard. 2. Here are ____ lines from a poem by Wordsworth. 3. There aren’t ____ good films on this week. 4. Don’t take ____ tablets this evening. 5. They’re building ____ new houses in the next street. 6. I don’t have ____ clean shirts. 7. Please buy ____ stamps for me on your way to work. 8. I met ____ old friends at the station yesterday. 9. I won’t leave ____ windows open tonight. 10. She hasn’t written ____ interesting books recently.

b.1. We wanted to make ____ sandwiches but we found we hadn’t got ____ bread. 2. I left ____ meat on the table and the dog ate it while I was out. 3. He got out his pen to sign the cheque but there wasn’t ____ ink in it. 4. Please fetch me ____ dry wood to get the fire started. 5. The expansion plans sounded wonderful, but unfortunately the company didn’t have ____ money to pay for them. 6. Don’t leave ____ food in the fridge when you go away on holiday. 7. At the concert last night they played ____ music I had never heard before. 8. To try to save money, the firm bought ____ secondhand machinery at a sale. 9. You haven’t done ____ work so you can’t expert ____ pay. 10. ____ French wine is quite sweet.

c.1. Let me give you ____ advice about learning a language. 2. Try to do ____ studying every day. 3. Even when you think you don’t have ____ time, try and find ten minutes, and learn ____ words. 4. ____ people think that learning a language is something we can do without ____ difficulty. 5. We know that there isn’t ____ truth in that idea. 6. You have to do ____ hard work, or you won’t make ____ progress. 7. With the linguaphone course we’ve tried to make even the hard work enjoyable. 8. So you won’t forget ____ of the exercises, will you?

d. 1. I see ... bread. Why haven’t you bought ..., Nick? - I had ... time to do it. 2. Have ... soup, Helen. - No, thank you. I had ... soup at dinner. I don’t want ... more. 3. Were there ... mistakes in your paper? - Yes, there were .... (No, there weren’t ....). 4. Will there be ... concert after the meeting? - No, there won’t be ... concert. 5. Why didn’t they give us ... postcards to send?

Task 2.Choose the right one .

For example :

I’d like some/ any tea please.

1. I’m sorry, Sir, but we haven’t got any / no fish. 2. Natalya ate some toasts / toast but I didn’t have any. 3. There’s / There are some cheese on the table. 4. I didn’t give Fiona an / any apple 5. We had some / any hot chocolate last night before we went to bed. 6. They didn’t see some / any bread in the market. 7. Oh dear, there’s no / any milk. 8. I haven’t got some / any money for new clothes.
^ MANY, MUCH, FEW, LITTLE