The presented material is a collection of important dates in Yesenin's biography.

Convenient both for academic research and for replenishing personal knowledge, Yesenin's biography in the table will become an indispensable assistant to every lover of Russian poetry.

Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was born in the village of Konstantinov, Ryazan province on October 3 (September 21), 1895, in a family of wealthy peasants Alexander Nikitich and Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenin. Because the poet's mother was not married of her own free will, then soon she went to live with her parents together with her young son. After some time, Tatyana Fedorovna went to work in Ryazan, and Sergei remained in the care of the Titovs' grandparents. Sergei Yesenin's grandfather was a connoisseur of church books, and his grandmother knew many songs, fairy tales, ditties, and as the poet himself claimed, it was his grandmother who pushed him to write his first poems.

1904 - Yesenin was sent to study at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, and then a church teacher's school in the town of Spas-Klepiki.

1912 - Yesenin moved to Moscow.

In 1912, after leaving school, Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin went to work in Moscow. There he got a job in the printing house of I.D. Sytin as an assistant proofreader. Working in the printing house allowed the young poet to read many books, made it possible to become a member of the literary and musical Surikov circle. The poet's first common-law wife, Anna Izryadnova, describes Yesenin in those years as follows: “He was known for being a leader, attended meetings, and distributed illegal literature. I pounced on books, read all my free time, spent all my salary on books, magazines, did not think at all how to live ... ".

1913, autumn - Acquaintance with Anna Romanovna Izryadnova.

In 1913, Sergei A. Yesenin entered the Faculty of History and Philosophy of the Moscow City People's University. Shanyavsky. It was the country's first free university for volunteers. There, Sergei Yesenin listened to lectures on Western European literature and on Russian poets.

But, in 1914, Yesenin quit his job and study, and according to Anna Izryadnova, everything is given in poetry. In 1914, the poet's poems were first published in the children's magazine "Mirok". In January, his poems begin to be published in the newspapers Nov, Parus, Zarya.

1914, December 21 - The birth of the first son of Sergei Yesenin Yuriwho was shot in 1937.

1914 - The first publication of poems in the newspaper "Nov" and in the magazines "Parus", "Zarya".

1915, spring - young Yesenin leaves Moscow and moves to Petrograd, where he meets N.A. Klyuev, Z.N. Gippius, D.S. Merezhkovsky, A.A. Block. At this time, Sergei Alexandrovich joined the group of so-called "new peasant poets" and published the first collection "Radunitsa", which made the poet very famous.

1916 - The first collection of poems "Radunitsa".

1916 January - Yesenin is drafted into the army. In the spring, the young poet is invited to read poetry to the empress, which in the future will help him avoid the front.

1917, spring - Sergei Yesenin meets Zinaida Reich in the editorial office of the newspaper Delo Narodu. And in July of the same year they got married.

From 1917 to 1921, Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was married to actress Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich. From this marriage, Yesenin had a daughter, Tatyana, and a son, Konstantin.

Already in April 1918, Yesenin parted ways with Z. Reich and moved to Moscow, which by that time had become a literary center.

At this time, unfolded October Revolution, which the poet accepted unconditionally.

1918 - The second book of poems by Yesenin "Dove", then "Transfiguration" is published in Petrograd.

1919 - Yesenin turns out to be one of the organizers and leaders of a new literary group - the Imagists.

1920 - Acquaintance with Nadezhda Volpin. While living together with translator Nadezhda Volpin, Sergei Yesenin had a son, Alexander.

1920 - Poems "Departing Rus", "Song of the Great Campaign", "Soviet Rus", "Anna Snegina", "Black Man"; dramatic poems "Pugachev" and "Country of scoundrels".

1920 - The collection of poems "Moscow tavern" is published.

In 1921, the poet went on a trip to Central Asia, visited the Urals and the Orenburg region.

1922 - Yesenin married the famous American dancer Isadora Duncan.

1922-1923 - Yesenin and Isadora make a long trip around Western Europe and the USA. The newspaper "Izvestia" published the notes of S. A. Yesenin about America "Iron Mirgorod".

Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky- Russian prose writer, thinker and publicist who, in his work, raised the most important problems of spiritual life and expanded the boundaries of a realistic depiction of a person. Dostoevsky's focus was on the theme of the struggle between "God and the devil" in the human soul, for the artistic recreation of which he developed new methods of psychological analysis. The writer himself called his creative style “fantastic realism”.

F. Dostoevsky's life in dates and facts

1837 g.- entered the St. Petersburg Engineering School. In the same year, the writer's mother died, and two years later, under mysterious circumstances, his father passed away. After their death, Dostoevsky renounced the right to inherit land and serfs.

1843 g.- completed a full course of study in the higher officer class and was enrolled in the engineering corps under the St. Petersburg engineering team, but left the following year military service and devoted himself to literary creation.

1845 g.- debuted as a novel "Poor people", which was highly praised in literary circles.

1846 g.- met M. Petrashevsky, a follower of the teachings of the French utopian philosopher S. Fourier, and became a member of a secret political circle, whose members set themselves the goal of implementing a "coup in Russia" and were engaged in the dissemination of illegal propaganda literature.

April 23, 1849- Dostoevsky was arrested for participation in the activities of this circle and sentenced to death as "one of the most important" conspirators.

December 22, 1849- a staged procedure was held in St. Petersburg to replace the execution of the "rioters" with a less severe sentence: a minute before the execution, the writer and his comrades were announced that they had been sentenced to four years of hard labor with further military service. The period of punishment, which lasted ten years, enriched Dostoevsky with invaluable spiritual and life experiencethat fed all his creativity in the future. Immediate impressions of being in hard labor are reflected in his famous "Notes from the House of the Dead"(1862).

1857 g.- the wedding of F. Dostoevsky and M. Isaeva took place. This marriage turned out to be unhappy and ended with the death of Isaeva in 1864.

1859 g.- thanks to the efforts of friends, the writer got the opportunity to return to St. Petersburg and again engage in literary activity.

First half of the 1860s -together with his brother Mikhail, he published the magazines "Time" (1861-1863) and "Epoch" (1864-1865). Journalistic work not only gave impetus to the development of journalistic talent of the writer, but also inspired him to create novels "with sequel", which could be published in parts in periodicals. The first such work was the novel "Humiliated and offended"(1861).

1864 g.- a "story-paradox" appeared "Notes from the Underground", in which for the first time appeared the type of "underground man" that was significant for Dostoevsky's work. In the same year, the elder brother of the writer died, whose debts he took upon himself. Material from the site

1866 g.- Dostoevsky married his secretary-stenographer A. Snitkina, who became a faithful companion until the end of his life. The same year is dated "Crime and Punishment"- the first in the five of his top novels, which also includes novels "Moron"(1868), "Demons" (1872), "Teenager"(1875) and The Brothers Karamazov(1879-1880).

During 1876 - 1878.- published my monthly "Writer's Diary", in which he acted as a philosopher, moralist and preacher.

1880 g.- at a meeting of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, he read Pushkin's speech, which became a bright event in the cultural life of the country.

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Dostoevsky was recognized as a prophet during his lifetime. After reading "Speech about Pushkin," he was called a genius and a prophet not only by his enthusiastic admirers, but also by eternal opponents.

An infinite number of various studies are devoted to the personality and work of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, which is replenished with new works every year. They are innumerable, for Dostoevsky is infinite, and his art world... "The mind loses the hope of ever penetrating to the end into this world: it seems too alien to us at the first cognition of its magic, it takes its thought too far into infinity, its purpose is unclear, and the soul cannot freely admire this new sky as if it were native" ... (Stefan Zweig).

And yet there are a few lines that can explain the fate of Dostoevsky much more fully than even his most detailed biography. These lines belong to another great artist and are dedicated to one more Poet: “… there is neither kind nor greatness in Him; and we saw Him, and there was no sight in Him that would draw us to Him.

He was despised and belittled before people, a man of sorrows and who knew sickness, and we turned our face away from Him; He was despised and we valued Him for nothing.

But He took our infirmities upon Himself, and bore our diseases; and we thought He was smitten, punished, and humiliated by God.

But He was wounded for our sins and we are tormented for our iniquities; the chastisement of Our peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we were healed. " (The Book of the Prophet Isaiah. Ch. 53: 2-5).

Dostoevsky did not make any external impression. He was inconspicuous, inconspicuous and gloomy. NN Strakhov noted that Dostoevsky, "despite his huge forehead and beautiful eyes, had the appearance of a completely soldier, that is, common features of the face." According to V.V. Timofeeva, "he was a very pale - sallow, painful pallor - an elderly, very tired or sick person, with a gloomy, emaciated face, covered, like a net, with some unusually expressive shadows from the tensely restrained movement of muscles." ...

Dostoevsky was also described by other contemporaries in a similar way: “I remember him as short, frail, with a pale, intensely concentrated and unfriendly face, with lively, penetrating eyes, blackened like coals; his whole appearance showed something nervous and painful.

Next to the handsome, stately elder Turgenev, Dostoevsky seemed small and inconspicuous. " (Count D. Olsufiev). “A small dry peasant, a seedy peasant, from a seedy Belarusian village, came out on the stage. For some reason the peasant was dressed in a long black frock coat. The hair, which had thinned, but not gray, was neatly combed over a high, convex forehead. A thin beard, a thin mustache, a dry, angular face. " (V.A.Posse).

The insignificant and even repulsive appearance of Dostoevsky was aggravated by his painful behavior, which was not always understood by his contemporaries. The internal motives of his "eccentric" actions were of no interest to anyone; everyone noted only their external "explosive" effect, which very soon brought him the dubious fame of a madman and a holy fool.

As soon as his contemporaries did not call him: "sick", "crazy", "evil", "feral dog", "foolish mystic." It is characteristic that some of these characteristics also date back to the time of Dostoevsky's public recognition. When some called him a prophet, others exclaimed in bewilderment: “Dostoevsky is completely crazy. God knows what mysticism is. "

Throughout its creative path Dostoevsky had to hear critical reviews that completely denied his talent. With his receptiveness it was painful to read that his works are "the ravings of a holy fool mystic." But it was even more painful to know that similar assessments of his work belong to his former friends, who had once recognized his talent, his fate. The simple-minded I. I. Panaev was never picky in his wording and said for sure: “... Our little idol began to start talking completely and was soon thrown down by us from the pedestal and completely forgotten. Poor fellow! ... we ruined him, we made him funny. " NA Nekrasov was sincerely convinced: “Dostoevsky came out all over. He can't write anything more significant. "

Dostoevsky was not broken by such reviews, ridicule and insults of sworn "friends" and opponents. As hard labor, numerous privations and diseases did not break him. Moreover, he has repeatedly admitted that his work is inseparable from his suffering, that he owes his insights to them. Characteristically, his morbus sacer has never been treated; he did not hide, but cultivated it.

What helped him to withstand where his healthier and less susceptible contemporaries were breaking down (like, for example, S. F. Durov, who left the “dead house” with him, but not a revived, but a finished person)?

A sense of prophetic destiny. This feeling originated in his soul quite early. In the rough sketches for The Life of the Great Sinner, he confessed: “A dangerous and extraordinary thought that he future man extraordinary, embraced him in childhood. " Eroded by inevitable doubts, this feeling finally took root in him during his brilliant literary debut and never left him again. It helped to survive in hard labor, resignedly endure numerous sufferings and, most importantly, constantly strive for the highest achievements, to express their ideals.

He treasured his sense of prophetic destiny. Dostoevsky was afraid to admit him to those around him - the deep spiritual wounds inflicted on him by his "friends" during his debut made themselves felt, but he could afford to express it covertly by reading other people's texts. He often recited Pushkin's inspired Prophet and loved to read Ogarev's moving lines:

Sometimes among the night vigil
Deaf full of inspiration
I wondered in the old Bible
And only longed and dreamed
So that they come out to me by the will of rock -
And life, and sorrow, and death of the prophet.

Dostoevsky was recognized as a prophet during his lifetime. After reading "Speech about Pushkin," he was called a genius and a prophet not only by his enthusiastic admirers, but also by eternal opponents. “Turgenev ... rushed to hug me with tears, Annenkov ran up to shake my hand and kiss my shoulder. "You are a genius, you are more than a genius!" they both told me. " The charm of Pushkin's speech, however, very soon dissipated and gave way to a stream of new critical jabs at Dostoevsky.

And only the funeral of the writer became a true nationwide recognition of his prophetic path. They surprised many: both comrades-in-arms and opponents. “The funeral of a talented writer somehow unexpectedly turned into the funeral of a prophet,” their eyewitness VK Petersen wondered.

Dostoevsky's posthumous world fame only confirmed his right to be called a prophet, an exponent of universal pain, called not to “judge God's creation,” but to testify about a person before God, capable of seeing passion behind human passions. It is significant that later, reflecting on the fate of Dostoevsky, Thomas Mann expressed the significance of this fate in words, the meaning of which remarkably resembled the well-known statement of Isaiah about the prophetic path.

He noted that Dostoevsky's genius is intimately connected with his illness: “... his psychological clairvoyance, his knowledge of the mental world of the criminal, of what the Apocalypse calls“ satanic depths, ”and above all his ability to create a sense of some mysterious guilt, which seems to be background of the existence of his sometimes monstrous characters - all this is directly related to his illness ... Illness! ..

A whole horde, a whole generation of susceptible and indestructiblely healthy youths pounce on the creation of a sick genius, the one whose disease has grown into genius, admires him, praises him, takes him with him, makes him the property of a culture that is not alive as the only homemade bread of health.

And they will all swear by the name of the great madman, they, who are now, thanks to his madness, are already relieved of the need to be mad. They, blooming with health, will feed on his madness, and in them he will be healthy. In other words: other ups and downs of the soul and knowledge are impossible without illness, madness, spiritual "crime", and the great madmen are the victims of humanity, crucified in the name of his elevation, the growth of his feelings and knowledge, in short, in the name of his higher health. "

But even more characteristic is the testimony of Dostoevsky as a prophet of Christ, belonging to such a desperate fighter against God as Friedrich Nietzsche. The latter compared the artistic world of Dostoevsky with the world of the Gospels, and noted that in modern times Christ is possible only in the world of Dostoevsky. In a rough passage to his essay Der Antichrist, entitled Jesus: Dostoevsky, he spoke not without hidden pain: “I know only one psychologist who lived in a world where Christianity is possible, where Christ can arise every moment ... This is Dostoevsky.”

Chronological table of the life and work of Turgenev set out in this article.

Ivan Turgenev chronological table

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - Russian realist writer, poet, publicist, playwright, translator, One of the classics of Russian literature.

date	Event
28 of October 1818	Turgenev was born into a noble family in Oryol. He spent his childhood in the mother's estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo.
1827-1829	studied at a private boarding school in Moscow, where his whole family moved.
1833	Pentered Moscow University at the Faculty of Literature, but a year later transferred to St. Petersburg University at the Faculty of Philosophy. Created my first romantic poem "Wall".
1836	Turgenevbegan to be published, his poems and poems were published.
1837	Ivan Sergeevich successfully, with a PhD, graduated from the Philology Department of the Philosophy Faculty of St. Petersburg University.
1837- 1841	Turgenev attended lectures at the University of Berlin. Visited Germany, Italy and Austria.
1841	He returned to Russia and soon joined the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
1843	He wrote the poem "Parasha". I.S. Turgenev met V.G. Belinsky, who highly appreciated his work.
1846	Participates together with Nekrasov in updating Sovremennik. Written novellas "Brether" and "Three portraits"
1852	Published more than 20 essays from "Notes of a Hunter".
1856	the novel "Rudin" is published.
1859	The novel “ Noble Nest».
1862-1882	were written works "Fathers and Sons", "Smoke", "Nov", "Faust", "Asya", "Ghosts".
1879	The writer was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford.
August 22 1883	Turgenev died (from myxosarcoma). His body, according to his will, was transported to St. Petersburg and buried at the Volkov cemetery ..

Turgenev's chronological table is summarized in this article, but you can expand it yourself.

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich - Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818-1883). Biography in dates and facts

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818-1883). Biography in dates and facts

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - Russian writer-
Realist

November 9, 1818 -

IN
1827 g.
From 1838 to 1840, listened at the University of Berlin. In Germany, the writer became close with talented young representatives of the Russian intelligentsia: N.V. Stankevich, who later created the Moscow philosophical circle, from which many prominent figures of Russian culture emerged, the future revolutionary M.A. Bakunin, as well as the future famous historian and idol of Moscow students in 1840 -50s T.N. Granovsky. Upon returning to Russia, he entered the service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but soon left it, deciding to devote himself to literary creativity.

1834 year

IN
1840s

1847 g.

IN
1843 g.

1852 g. - the appearance of a collection of stories "", perceived not only as a literary, but also as a social and cultural event in the life of Russia.

1850s - the heyday of the talent of the writer. At the beginning of this decade, the stories "Diary extra person"(1850)," Lull "(1854) and others, which served as approaches to the first novel" "(1856). The model of love relationships outlined in this work was further developed in the stories Asya (1858), First Love (1860) and Spring Waters (1872), which form a kind of trilogy about love; and the theme of the ideological and spiritual quests of the intelligentsia developed in Rudin became the basis for the novels “Noble Nest” (1859) and “On the Eve” (1860). The discussion about the last novel was the reason for Turgenev's break with Sovremennik, with whom he had long-term close relations.

1862 g.

1867 g.

1877 g. - the publication of the novel "" further deepened the misunderstanding between the writer and the Russian public.

1878 g.

Start
1880s

September 3, 1883

ivan sergeevich turgenev (1818-1883). biography in dates and facts

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - Russian writer-
Realist, fulfilling the mission of a mediator between Russian and Western European cultures. His prose, which raised burning issues modern life and representing a gallery of various human types, reflects the historical path of Russia in the 40-70s of the nineteenth century, illuminates the ideological and spiritual searches of the Russian intelligentsia and reveals the deep features of the national character.

I. Turgenev's life in dates and facts

November 9, 1818 -Born in Orel, in a noble family. Childhood years passed in the estate of Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, which became the prototype of the noble "family nest", which the writer subsequently recreated many times in his works as a specific phenomenon of Russian culture.

IN
1827 g.The family moved to Moscow, where the systematic education of young Turgenev began. After completing training in private boarding schools, he continued his studies at Moscow and St. Petersburg universities, and then,
From 1838 to 1840, attended lectures at the University of Berlin. In Germany, the writer became close with talented young representatives of the Russian intelligentsia: N.V. Stankevich, who later created the Moscow philosophical circle, from which many prominent figures of Russian culture emerged, the future revolutionary M.A. Bakunin, as well as the future famous historian and idol of Moscow students in 1840 -50s T.N. Granovsky. Upon returning to Russia, he entered the service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but soon left it, deciding to devote himself to literary creativity.

1834 yearThe first great literary experience of I. Turgenev is dated, the poem "Steno", which was not published during the life of the author, but attests to the fact that he had literary inclinations.

IN
1840s - appears in print as the author of poems, poems, dramas and first stories approved by the public and literary criticism... Among those who enthusiastically embraced the writer was V.G. Belinsky, who had a significant impact on the development of I. Turgenev's talent.

1847 g. - The Sovremennik magazine published Turgenev's story "Khor and Kalinych", to which the editorial staff sent the subtitle "From the Notes of a Hunter". This story was a resounding success.

IN
1843 g.Turgenev met the singer Pauline Viardot, who became the love of his life.

1852 g. - the appearance of a collection of stories "Notes of a Hunter", perceived not only as a literary, but also as a social and cultural event in the life of Russia.

1850s - the heyday of the talent of the writer. At the beginning of this decade, the stories "Diary of an Extra Man" (1850), "Lull" (1854) and others were written, which served as approaches to the first novel "Rudin" (1856). The model of love relationships outlined in this work was further developed in the stories Asya (1858), First Love (1860) and Spring Waters (1872), which form a kind of trilogy about love; and the theme of the ideological and spiritual quests of the intelligentsia developed in Rudin became the basis for the novels “Noble Nest” (1859) and “On the Eve” (1860). The discussion about the last novel was the reason for Turgenev's break with Sovremennik, with whom he had long-term close relations.

1862 g. - the novel "Fathers and Sons" was published, which caused fierce controversy among representatives of different social and political camps and trends. Offended by tactless polemics, Turgenev went abroad, where he spent the last 20 years of his life. In France, where the writer lived predominantly, he was admitted to a select literary community, to which belonged V. Hugo, P. Merimet, Georges Sand, E. Goncourt, E. Zola, G. de Maupassant, G. Flaubert.

1867 g. - the novel "Smoke" was written, which differed sharply in mood from those previously created and reflected the extremely Westernizing views of the writer. In Russia, this work was received with irritation.

1877 g. - the publication of the novel "Nov" further deepened the misunderstanding between the writer and the Russian public.

1878 g. - together with V. Hugo I. Turgenev chaired the International Literary Congress in Paris.

Start
1880s was marked by the appearance of the so-called "mysterious" stories - "P
The Thing of Triumphant Love ”(1881) and“ Klara Milich ”(1882), as well as the collection“ Poems in Prose ”(1877-1882), which became the writer's swan song.

September 3, 1883 - due to a serious illness, Turgenev died in Bougival in the south of France. The writer was buried at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg.