Shot put refers to track and field throwing and is carried out from a jump or from a turn by pushing the projectile with the hand from the shoulder. In competitions, the shot put is made from a circle with a diameter of 213.5 cm into a sector equal to 40 °. A segment is mounted in front of the circle. In competitions, the rules prohibit in a preliminary run (jump, turn) to separate the projectile from the neck, and in the final effort - to perform a core throw. After the projectile is released, the thrower must take a stable position in the circle, exit it back, then the attempt is counted. The core weighing 7.257 kg is used in competitions for men and older boys, weighing 5-6 kg - for younger boys, weighing 4 kg - for women, older girls and boys, weighing 3 kg - for younger girls and girls.

Shot Put Technique

The range of the core depends on the initial speed at the time of departure, the angle of departure and the height of the projectile from the thrower.

The most important factor to achieve the highest initial departure speed is the length of the path and the time of exposure to the projectile. The longer the path (especially in the final effort) and the shorter the time it takes to overcome this path, the higher the initial speed of departure of the core.

The power of the final effort is provided by the development of the physical qualities of the thrower, especially strength, speed, flexibility, etc., as well as the degree of mastery of the technique.

An important role is played by the projectile take-off angle, which happens in the best attempts at 39-42 °. Departure angle is provided by extension of the legs, especially the left, and directing movement of the hands at the end of the final effort. The height of the projectile for each athlete is quite constant and depends on his height and arm length. The degree of proficiency in technology can be estimated by the difference between the range of the shock from the start and from the spot. A difference of more than 1 m can be considered satisfactory, more than 1.5 m - good, more than 2 m - excellent.

To improve their technical skills in order to achieve the highest results, the core pusher should, when performing movements, adhere to a number of principles of the principles of the technique of this type of throwing:

1. The speed of movement in the jump should not exceed 2-2.5 m / s.

2. Try to bring the direction of the acceleration path of the projectile in the jump closer to the direction of acceleration of the nucleus in the final movement.

3. To disperse the projectile in the final in the following sequence: with legs - with the body - with a pushing hand. In the same order to stop certain parts of the body in order to transfer the amount of movement to the projectile.

4 . In the final effort, there should be an advanced movement of the pelvis and legs in relation to the upper body before the athlete arrives with his chest in the direction of the core.

5. Observe synchronism at the end of the finale in the extensor movement of the pushing arm and advancement of the right shoulder joint forward and upward.

6. When accelerating the projectile, adhere to a uniform increase in speed with reaching its maximum at the end of the final effort.

7. The main acceleration of the projectile to perform in the double-support position. At the same time, master the ability to concentrate time effort on the most important parts of the path of influence on the core.

The shot put technique consists of two main parts:

The preliminary acceleration in a jump or turn and the final movement. The preliminary acceleration can be conditionally divided into separate phases: holding the projectile, starting position, preparation for the jump.

The main task of this part of the technology is to create the initial core speed and conditions for the active implementation of the final effort.

The final part of the shot put technique consists of the final effort and maintaining balance after the projectile is pushed. All parts and phases are interconnected, follow one from the other in a logical sequence as a single movement.

Most athletes use the technique of pushing the nucleus from the starting position, with their backs toward the push, and perform the preliminary part of the acceleration of the projectile abruptly. This technique is described below when the core is pushed out with the right hand.

Holding the projectile. The nucleus is held at the neck, in the region of the supraclavicular cavity, with the brush of the right hand. The projectile is located on three fingers of the index, middle and nameless, a few apart. The thumb and little finger support it from the side. Beginners put the core more deeply on the main phalanges of the fingers, skilled athletes - on the main and middle phalanges. The elbow of the pushing arm is set aside and slightly forward. Convenient and free holding of the nucleus creates the conditions for the further correct execution of movements (Fig. 22 a-d).

Figure 22 a. Figure 22.b Figure 22 c.

Figure 22

The athlete stands on the right foot at the back of the circle (Figure 24, frame 1). Body weight is evenly located on the right foot. The left leg is set back about one foot and touches the toe of the ground. The trunk is straight, the pelvis is slightly forward. The left hand is raised up and slightly set aside, its position helps to maintain the balance of the athlete. The head is in a natural position, the gaze is directed straight ahead.

Preparing for the jump. From the starting position, the thrower tilts the torso forward in a smooth motion, at the same time raises the left leg until the torso approaches the horizontal position (frame 2). The right leg is slightly bent at the knee joint, and the body weight is located on the entire foot. The position of the head in relation to the body does not change. During the movement, the athlete maintains a stable balance (Fig. 23).

When the body approaches a horizontal position, the thrower begins the next phase - “grouping” (frame 3). .All parts of the body are grouped in the direction of the right leg, which bends at the hip, knee and ankle joints to a position where the angle of flexion of the knee joint is almost 90 °. The body bends forward until the chest touches the thigh of the right leg. The degree of torso and bending angle of the right leg are directly dependent on the development of the muscles of the legs and body of the thrower, on its flexibility and mobility.

The left hand goes down and hangs freely. The trunk and especially the shoulder girdle are in a relaxed position.

Simultaneously with the tilt of the body, the left leg descends to the surface of the circle and is pulled to the right leg. The weight of the body is transferred to the front of the right foot, the heel of which is slightly raised, and the knee moves forward behind the projection of her toe. The position of the head relative to the previous phase varies slightly. The gaze is directed down - forward. Thus, the thrower was grouped in the starting position for the next phase, while maintaining good balance.

Figure 23.

Figure 24.

The jump begins with the movement of the left leg, which, unbending in the knee and hip joints, performs a swing towards the segment (frame 4). During the swing movement, the athlete must not leave his right foot early. In the final part of the swing, the hips are actively diluted, and the athlete rolls from the front of the right foot to the heel. At the same time, along with the left leg, the thrower’s pelvis moves without turning, and the shoulder girdle lags behind the movement of the pelvis. The left hand rises up to the line of the shoulders and helps to keep them from premature left rotation. The position of the head remains unchanged. The gaze is directed forward - down.

Before repulsion, the muscles of the back surface of the supporting leg are tensed and optimally stretched. Good conditions have been created for the jump. The right leg with precise and clear repulsion, bending at the knee joint, with a quick sliding movement is rearranged in the middle of the circle under the athlete’s body (frame 5). During rearrangement in an unsupported position, there is a slight reduction in the hips and a significant approach of the feet. The unsupported phase should be short in time. The right foot, before being placed on a support, is turned with its toe to the left at an angle of 45-90 ° and placed from the front of its outer arch.

The athlete’s pelvis rotates with the left side in the direction of pushing, and the upper body is almost not rotated. The frontal axis of the pelvis with respect to the axis of the shoulders is rotated to almost 90 °.

The conditions are created for optimal preliminary stretching of those muscle groups that unbend and rotate the body during the final effort.

After the jump, landing occurs on the elastic legs. A rearrangement of the right foot is followed by the setting of the left foot, which is placed to the segment with the front part from the inner arch of the foot at a distance of no more than half of the foot to the left of the jump line. The thrower lands on its legs with a slight cushioning so that the leg muscles are ready to actively perform certain movements in the final effort (Fig. 25). A prerequisite for the effective implementation of the final is a clear statement of the legs. Body weight is more on the right foot. The projection of the nucleus is located behind the right side of the pelvis. The core is, as far as possible, farthest from the point of departure of it from the thrower.

Figure 25.

The final move. The final acceleration of the projectile is carried out from the moment of putting the right foot on the support and then touching the ground with the left foot (frames 6-11). By turning and straightening and translating the right leg, the eponymous part of the pelvis is brought forward and up. The movement of the right leg begins with the foot and bringing the eponymous knee forward in the direction of the projectile pushing out. The left leg is initially bent at the knee joint and held in this position until the thrower arrives with the chest in the direction of the nuclear push. The movement of the body in the final effort plays a large role and begins with the rotation of the pelvis relative to the longitudinal axis of the body. At this time, the shoulder girdle lags behind the movement of the pelvis and is in the “closed” position. This contributes to the additional stretching of the oblique muscles of the abdomen.

Figure 26.

At the same time, leg extension in the hip joints occurs almost simultaneously. This allows you to further stretch the flexor muscles of the body. The core pusher comes in a position similar to the position of a “bow tie”. The pelvis is brought forward, and the upper body is behind. Extension angle in the right hip joint 180 °. At this moment, the movement of the pelvis stops, and the shoulder girdle continues to actively rotate to the position of the chest toward the core ejection. The core is ejected simultaneously with the straightening of the left leg and trunk. The final effort ends with a powerful extensor movement of the right hand in the elbow joint. At the end, the thrower pushes the core with the right hand (Fig. 26).

The extension angle in the right hip joint is reduced by 5-10 °. A significant role in the execution of the final effort is played by the movement of the head and left hand. The position and movement of the head prevents an early turn and extension of the body. The movement of the left hand provides the direction of the final effort and the speed of extension of the pushing arm (Fig. 27) After the projectile is released, the core pusher actively changes the position of the legs and abuts the segment with the right foot so as not to jump out of the circle (frame 12).

Figure 27.

Technique options. Leading core pushers apply various technology options both in a holistic, motion, and in individual phases, parts.

Successfully used the technique of shot put with rotation. The acceleration of the projectile in the preliminary part is carried out according to the principle of rotation in discus throw, which allows the nucleus to be accelerated at high speed. However, when performing the final movement, there are difficulties associated with the accuracy of hitting a pushing hand in the core.

In the starting position, the athlete takes the same position as in discus throwing. The elbow joint of the right hand holding the core is set aside. After a swing by the body to the right, the entrance to the turn on the left leg and the execution of the turn begins. The unsupported turning phase is almost absent. Simultaneously with the setting of the right leg, the left leg is removed from the support and rearranged to the segment.

In the final part, the athlete, in order to correctly direct the flight of the nucleus to the sector for throwing, holds the right foot for a little longer, without turning it to the left. This creates conditions that allow you to timely stop the pelvis and thrower legs, quench angular velocity and push the core in the right direction. There are also some technical options in individual details and in the method of pushing the nucleus with a jump. Some athletes start a jump from the starting position of the group without preliminary movements. Swing movement of the left leg is performed not only towards the segment, but also forward and upward. The right leg is placed after the jump without turning or with a turn of 90 °. The jump is performed not only from the heel of the right foot, but also from the toe. In the final part, the acceleration path of the projectile is carried out not only along a straight path, but also along an arcuate curve. The first of them can be conditionally called a straightening rotary option containing elements of the final movement, the same as in javelin throwing. The second of them - the rotary-rectifying version - has the elements of the final movement, the same as in discus throwing. The use of one or another option depends on the individual abilities of the athlete to throwing movements across the side or because of; head over shoulder. A mixed variant is also observed. There are differences in other details of the technique. The rationality of choosing an option is based on personal anatomical, physiological characteristics and the type of athlete’s temperament.

National State University physical education, sports and health named after P.F. Lesgaft, St. Petersburg

Department of Theory and Methodology of Athletics

abstract

Shot put

St. Petersburg2010

Shot put - competition for throwing at a range with a pushing hand movement of a special sports equipment - the core. Discipline refers to throwing and is included in the technical forms of the athletics program. Demands explosive strength and coordination from athletes. It is the Olympic track and field discipline for men since 1896, for women since 1948. Included in athletics multiathlon.

rules

Competitors perform a throw from a circle with a diameter of 2.135 meters. The throw distance is measured as the distance from the outer circle of this circle to the point of impact of the projectile. The weight of the core in men's competitions is 7.257 kg (\u003d 16 pounds), and in women's competitions - 4 kg. The core should be smooth enough - to correspond to the surface roughness class No. 7.

In official competitions, participants perform six attempts. If there are more than eight participants, then after the first 3 attempts, the eight best ones are selected, and in the next three attempts they will play the best by the maximum result in six attempts.

As soon as the athlete takes a position in the circle before the start of the attempt, the core should touch or be fixed at the neck or chin, and the wrist should not fall below this position during the push. The core should not be pulled over the shoulder line.

It is allowed to push the core with one hand; the use of any gloves is prohibited. Bandaging of the palm or fingers is also prohibited. If an athlete has a bandage wound, he must show the hand to the judge, and he will decide on the admission of the athlete to the competition.

A typical mistake is getting out of the circle or simply touching the top edge of the circle's edge when performing a push before the core touches the ground. Sometimes, when an unsuccessful attempt is made, athletes deliberately leave the circle so that their attempt is not measured.

In all official competitions, the projectiles used must comply with the IAAF requirements and have the currently valid IAAF certificate. The following table shows the shells, what weight (in grams) should be used in each age group.

As a personal protective equipment, no special devices are permitted (for example, bandaging two or more fingers together, which may somehow help the athlete during the push). Bandaging of the palm of the hand is not permitted, unless it is necessary to bandage an open cut or wound. However, bandaging of individual fingers in hammer throwing is permitted. Before the start of the competition, you must show the bandaged fingers to the senior judge. The use of gloves is not permitted, with the exception of hammer throwing. In this case, the gloves should be smooth on the back and in the palm of the hand, and the tips of the fingers, with the exception of the thumb, should be open.

To ensure a better hold of the projectile, athletes are only allowed to use suitable substances for their hands. In addition, hammer throwers can use this substance for gloves, and core pushers can use it for the neck. In javelin throwing, an athlete is allowed to use elbow protection.

The throwing circle must be made of metal or other suitable material. The top edge of the circle should be flush with the ground. In the shot put, the use of a portable circle is permitted, provided that all other requirements are met.

The inner diameter of the circle is 2.135 m (± 5 mm) in shot put and hammer throw and 2.50 m (± 5 mm) in discus throw. The circle ring must be at least 6 mm thick and painted in white color. Hammer throwing can be performed from a disc throwing disc, provided that the diameter of the disc is reduced from 2.50 m to 2.135 m when located inside the rim. A white line 5 cm wide should be drawn from the outer edge of the metal rim by at least 75 cm on each side of the circle. It can be painted or made of wood or other suitable material. The lower edge of the white line passes through the center of the circle perpendicular to the center line of the touchdown sector.

The minimum length of the runway for running is 30 m, the maximum is 36.5 m. If conditions permit, the minimum length should be 33.5 m. The path should be marked with two parallel white lines 5 cm wide, which are located at a distance of 4 m from each other . Javelin throwing is carried out from behind an arc of a circle with a radius of 8 m. The arc consists of a 7 cm wide plank made of wood, plywood or metal. It should be painted white and installed flush with the surface of the runway to take off. The lateral borders of the track are marked with white lines 7 cm wide and 75 cm long, located symmetrically to the track axis for take-off and parallel to it.

The landing sector should have a burner, grass or other suitable cover on which the projectile leaves a clear mark.

Shot put, disc and hammer throwing is done from the circle, and javelin throw - from the sector to take off. If throwing is done from the circle, the athlete must start the attempt from a fixed position inside the circle. It is allowed to touch the inside of the metal rim. Shot put is also allowed to touch the inside of the segment.

In all types of throwing, the result is rounded to the nearest 0.01 m downward, if the measured distance is not a whole centimeter. Each result is measured immediately after the attempt.

Bright-colored flags or marks can be used to mark the best attempt of each participant, in which case they should be placed along the sector outside it. A bright color flag or mark can be used to indicate an existing world record, and where appropriate, a continental or national record.

The core is pushed from the shoulder with one hand. As soon as the athlete takes a position in the circle before the start of the attempt, the core should touch or be fixed at the neck or chin, and the hand should not fall below this position during the push. The core should not be pulled over the shoulder line. The core must meet the following requirements.

Minimum weight for competition admission and record recognition

Discus and hammer throwing, shot putting are made from a circle into a marked area of \u200b\u200bthe field - a sector for landing shells, which has an angle equal to 45 °. The surface inside the circles can be made of concrete, asphalt, earth, special mixtures (such as coating the treadmill and athletics sectors) and other solid, but not slippery materials. This surface should be flat, horizontal and lie in the same plane with the soil outside the circle. The circle is limited to a ring made of metal or other solid and durable material, painted white. The rings can be portable, superimposed on the surface of the circle so that they do not move when the foot rests on the participant, or stationary permanently recessed into the ground of the circle. Inside 0.2 cm downward. The lateral boundaries of the sector for landing shells are marked by lines (about 5 cm wide) starting from the outer edge of the ring. In this case, the vertex of the sector angle should be in the center of the circle. The width of the boundary lines of marking is not included in the area of \u200b\u200bthe sector. Sector flags are set at the far ends of the sector boundary lines. The sector flag should be metal, 20X40 cm in size, with a metal shaft with a diameter of 8 mm, protruding after installation in the ground by at least 60 cm.

Equipment

Historians attribute the first mention of the shot put to the middle of the 19th century. It is believed that the shot put is due to folk games, where various competitions in the shot put were held (stones, logs, weights). The documented materials on the shot put belong to 1839. The first record in this type of sports was set by the Englishman Fraser in 1866 and was 10.62 m. In 1868, a competition was held in New York to put the shot put indoors.

At the beginning of the XX century. American R. Rose set a new world record - 15.54 m, which lasted 19 years. Rose was taller than 2 m and weighed 125 kg. Only in 1928 the proportionally folded German athlete E. Hirschfeld was the first in the world to push the core at 16.04 m. Then in 1934 D. Torrance, nicknamed “man-mountain”, his height is 2 m, and weight is 135 kg, pushed the core at 17.40 m. For a long time they thought that throwers should have great muscle mass and great growth, but no one could have imagined that an athlete weighing 85 kg would break D. Torrance's record. Negro C. Fonville was able to do this, having an outstanding speed in the shot put. For the nineteen-meter mark P. O-Bryan pushed the core - 19.30 m, which introduced significant changes to the shot put technique. For the first time, the American D. Long crossed the 20-meter mark, then R. Matson improves the result, bringing it to 21.78 m. In 1976, two weeks before the Olympics, the Russian athlete A. Baryshnikov for the first time takes the world record from the Americans, pushing the core 22 meters! Moreover, he uses a completely new technique of pushing the nucleus, not from a jump, but from a turn. Currently, the world record in shot put belongs to the American R. Barnes - 23.12 m, and for the first time the German U. Timmerman crossed the 23-meter line in 1988. The Barnes record was set in 1990 and has been holding for more than 10 years.

Women began to participate in shot put competitions much later. Officially in 1922, the first USSR champion in this form was determined. And the first official world record was set in 1926 by the Austrian H. Kepll - 9.57 m. In 1938, for the first time, women pushed the core at the European Championships, and since 1948 women began to participate in this form at the Olympics. In 1969, N. Chizhova at the European Championships showed the result - 20.43 m. Currently, the world record belongs to N. Lisovskaya - 22.63 m, established in 1987.

The technique of pushing the core has changed throughout history, these are: pushing from a place, pushing from a step, pushing from a jump, pushing from a jump from a side position, pushing from a jump from a standing position with your back, pushing a core from a turn. Modern pushers mainly use the shot put technique from the jump, only some throwers followed in the footsteps of A. Baryshnikov and began to use the shot put technique from the turn.

When analyzing the shot put technique, the following main elements can be distinguished, what you need to pay attention to: - holding the projectile; - preparatory phase for the take-off run (jump, turn); - takeoff jump (turn); - final effort; - phase of inhibition or equilibrium.

Shot Put Technique The core is placed on the middle phalanges of the fingers of the pushing hand (for example, the right hand). Four fingers connected together, thumb holding the core on the side. You can’t raise your fingers, they must be one.

The nucleus is pressed to the right side of the neck, above the collarbone. The forearm and shoulder of the right arm, bent at the elbow joint, are retracted to the side at shoulder level. The left arm, slightly bent at the elbow, is held in front of the chest, also at shoulder level. The muscles of the left hand are not strained, the hand is slightly compressed.

It is very important that the muscles of the right hand are prepared for a core load. If the muscles are weak, it is necessary first of all to strengthen them, and to study the technique of pushing the core with a lighter weight. The brush should be resilient and stiff.

Preparatory phase for the take-off. The core pusher should take its starting position before the start of the jump. To do this, the thrower stands on the right foot, the right foot is at the far edge of the circle, in relation to the sector. The left leg is slightly laid back to the toe, the weight of the body on the right leg, the body is straightened, the head looks straight, the nucleus is on the right shoulder and neck, the left hand is in front of itself.

Movements in this phase are divided into two actions: 1) swing and 2 grouping. From the starting position, the thrower leans slightly forward while simultaneously making the free swing backward with the left foot and the small swing upward with the left hand, while bending in the lower back and slightly moving the shoulders back. Swing can be done while on the full foot of the right foot or at the same time as swinging, rising to the toe of the right foot. After a swing, the thrower makes a group, coming into balance on his right foot. He bends the knee of his right leg, doing a half squat on it. The shoulders go down to the knee of the right leg, the left leg bends at the knee and is brought to the knee of the right leg, the left hand goes down in front of the chest, i.e. the thrower is compressed like a spring.

Jump run. After the grouping position, a jump-like run-up begins. Grouping should not be long in time, since in a bent position, tense muscles lose the effectiveness of elastic forces. The jump begins with the swing of the left foot back and somewhat down to the place of placing the left foot in focus. At the same time, the right leg is straightened in the knee joint, while trying so that the JMC (common center of mass) does not rise up, but moves forward in the direction of the shot put and even slightly down.

Due to the swing of the left leg, the JMC is removed beyond the support of the right leg, which repels following the movement of the JMC. Repulsion can be performed from the heel, while the muscles of the ankle joint do not participate in repulsion, or from the toe, in this case the muscles of the ankle joint actively participate in it. After the toe of the right leg is torn off from the surface of the circle, the tibia is quickly pulled under the hip joint of the right leg, the knee turns slightly inward, the foot is placed on the toe. In this case, the body body must maintain its original position, i.e. the back is looking in the direction of pushing, the shoulders are tilted forward to the knee of the right leg, the left arm, slightly bent, is in front of the chest. After the jump, it is necessary to immediately take the double-backed position or so that the time interval between the setting of the right foot and the left is very small. The thrower should come to the final effort in the “closed” position, i.e. do not prematurely turn the left shoulder toward pushing and do not straighten the leg in the knee joint. The left leg is placed on the entire foot and slightly turned with the toe forward, straightened at the knee joint and stopping the body moving forward. From the moment the left foot is placed in focus or from the moment of the double-support position, the phase of the final effort begins.

Final effort. The final effort is the main phase in throwing, it is at this moment that the initial projectile departure speed is reported at the optimum angle, and it is from this phase that the performance in the shot put depends.

After coming to the double-support position, the thrower begins to move from turning on the right toe inward, then turning the knee with a little straightening, turning the pelvis. The shoulder girdle and left arm should noticeably lag behind in this movement, as if counteracting it. Due to this, stretching of the muscles of the back occurs. Then, the left hand is quickly brought back to the Shoulder Level, helping to expand the shoulders and stretch the tense muscles of the chest and abdominal muscles. At the same time, the extension of the right leg occurs, sending the MTC up and down through the straight left leg, the deployed shoulders are located slightly behind the projection of the MTC. The thrower takes a bent position: the shoulders are behind, the deflection in the lower back, the projection of the BMF is between the right and left feet, i.e. is in the position of a "bow tie". From this position, simultaneously with the movement of the shoulders forward, the arm begins to straighten in the elbow joint, directing the nucleus at the desired angle. The right leg pushes the JMC to the foot of the left leg, fully straightening in the knee and ankle joints. The right hand actively straightens, directing and reporting speed to the core. On kilograms it is seen that the nucleus comes off the hand at the moment when the full extension of the arm in the elbow joint has not yet occurred. The time of contact of the right hand with the core during the final part of the final effort depends on the speed abilities of the muscles of this hand: the higher the speed of the arm during extension, the longer the contact. Despite the fact that the hand of the pushing hand does not participate in pushing the core with its bending (it simply does not have time, since the core comes off earlier), the main burden in the phase of the final effort falls on it. All the load created in the phase of the final effort and transmitting the energy of the muscles and the moving projectile-projectile system passes through the brush. Therefore, it is very important to have strong muscles and strong ligaments so as not to get injured.

In the final effort, all movements begin from the lower parts of the body, as if layering on top of each other. This process is the basis for the transfer of momentum from one link to another in all types of throwing. Since the jump has a rectilinear form of motion, then in the final effort it is necessary to continue moving in a straight line. The core should be above the right foot, and with the final effort, it should deviate as little as possible from the trajectory of movement specified during the jump. The application of all muscle efforts should pass through the center of the projectile and coincide with the direction of motion of the nucleus. Otherwise, there will be a decomposition of muscle efforts that do not coincide with the velocity vector of the nucleus and thereby reduce the effectiveness of pushing.

It must be remembered that the detachment of the projectile from the arm must occur in a support position or on two legs, or at least on one (left) leg. The transfer of motion energy to the projectile is carried out only in the supporting position. This was already mentioned in the basics of throwing technique. After the nucleus is torn from the hand, the thrower needs to maintain balance so as not to fly out of the circle. From this moment begins the phase of braking or maintaining equilibrium.

Phase inhibition. This phase, although minor, but if you do not maintain balance, you can get out of the circle, and according to the rules of the competition, the attempt will not be counted, no matter how far the nucleus flies. This means that it is necessary to perform a series of movements that can extinguish the speed of advancement of the body and enable the thrower to take a static position. For this, the thrower, after detaching the core from the hand, performs a jump from the left foot to the right. The left leg goes back, helping to remove the projection of the MTC by the foot of the right leg. Hands also perform swing movements in the opposite direction from the sector. The biggest mistake in learning the shot put technique is shot put training. It must be remembered that a jump is a forced action aimed at maintaining equilibrium and reducing the speed of the body moving forward after the nucleus.

Shot Put Training Technique

Task 1. Create an understanding of the technique of shot put as a whole.

Means: explanation, visual aids, showing shot put at different speeds from a circle.

Task 2. To teach how to hold the projectile, as well as the movements of the legs and body during the push.

Means: a) tossing a core from hand to hand;

b) throws up and catching the core with his hands alternately;

c) throws of the core with one, two hands forward and down and from the chest;

d) throws back and up through the head;

e) tremors of the nucleus down-up-forward with the help of the movement of the legs, trunk, arm.

Task 3. Train the technique of pushing the core from a place.

Means: a) simulation and special-leading exercises;

b) imitation of the initial and final position when pushing the core from a place;

c) the same, but with a preliminary turn of the body to the right;

d) the same, but with preliminary bending of the legs;

e) the tremors of the nucleus from a place, standing sideways in the direction of pushing,

f) the same with the preliminary rotation of the body to the right - the back in the direction of pushing.

Task 4. Train the technique of jumping.

Means: a) pushing the right foot back out of the squat with the simultaneous swing of the left foot in the direction of throwing;

b) the same with the core;

c) a jump on the right foot toward the push 30-40 cm from the standing position with the back, the left leg is bent at the knee;

d) the same from the squat;

e) simulation of the jump as a whole (without a core);

e) jumps with the core.

Task 5. Train the general rhythm of shot put.

Means: a) nuclear shocks with a jump in marks, emphasizing the accelerated setting of the right and left legs;

b) the same, but pushing out the core after 2-3 or more jumps;

c) the execution of the push as a whole, accelerating the setting of legs and movement in the final effort.

Task 6. Train the technique of shot put as a whole.

Means: a) pushing a core of different weights from a jump from a circle, correcting individual errors;

b) pushing the kernel of normal weight from the circle to the result, observing the rules of the competition.

In antiquity, the number of relevant sports was more than limited. However, even at that time, the list of the very first Olympic Games included such discipline as nuclear throwing. And today, not only men, but also women are competing in it. From this article you can learn in more detail the basic rules of this type of competition, the terminology used, as well as how to correctly throw the core.

General information

Throwing a nucleus is a throwing contest at a range. The task of an athlete is to make a throw with a pushing hand. By the way, not every athlete can engage in this discipline, since this requires good coordination and outstanding physical strength. For information, in the Olympic Games, women began to participate in this sport only since 1948. The record for throwing a nucleus in the USSR was set by the domestic athlete Natalia Lisovskaya. In 1987, she pushed the projectile at 22.63 m. The competition then took place in a closed arena. Seven years earlier, in 1980, the Olympics was also held in the USSR. One type of competition was throwing a core. The world record (Olympic) among women was set by German athlete Ilona Slupianek. She pushed the shell at 22.41 m. I must say that so far no one has been able to surpass her result.

Basic rules of competition

Any sports discipline has a number of requirements, this sport is no exception. The area on which the athlete makes the throw should be in the shape of a circle with a diameter of 2.135 meters. The athlete at the time of the throw is in a sector of 35 degrees, which is located in the center of this area. During men's competitions, they use a core for throwing 7.257 kg, for women it is customary to use a 4-pound shell. The smoothness of the sporting attribute must correspond to the seventh grade. In this sport, the athlete who made the farthest throw wins. Moreover, its distance is measured from the outer part of the sector where the thrower is located, and to the point of impact of the core. Each participant has the opportunity to make 6 attempts. In the case when the number of athletes exceeds 8 people, after 3 throwings the best ones are selected. It is they who continue the competition until the winner is identified.

Discipline Features

Before each attempt, the athlete takes a position in the circle. The nucleus is fixed in the neck or chin. Moreover, during pushing, the hand should be in this position. It is also required that the projectile does not deviate beyond the shoulder line. During the competition only one hand must be involved. In addition, the use of improvised means (such as gloves) is strictly prohibited. The athlete's throw is not counted if, at the time of throwing, he crossed the line or at least stepped on it with the edge of his boot. By the way, many athletes use this nuance for their own purposes. For example, when they want the next unsuccessful, in their opinion, attempt not to be taken into account.

Applied Terminology

The technique of throwing a nucleus contains a number of concepts whose meaning should be considered. These include:

Departure of a projectile is the speed that it has been gaining from the moment of separation from the athlete’s hand;

Throw angle - this value formed by the horizontal line and the velocity vector of the sports attribute;

The height of the core release is the gap from the separation point to the sector surface;

The angle of the terrain - this value is determined due to the formation of lines that connect the point of release of the projectile and the center of its landing.

By the way, the above concepts are characteristic of all types of throwing.

Flight phase

Conventionally, the throwing of the core can be divided into 3 parts. It:

Main effort;

Braking process.

The flight phase itself is carried out without the influence of an athlete under the laws of mechanics. When the athlete accelerates, the projectile is given a preliminary speed (in our case, it is about 2-3 m / s). During the execution of the second paragraph, the swiftness of the projectile flight increases by 4-5 times. This is achieved due to the intensive work of the muscles of the hands, shoulder girdle and certain actions of the lower body. The main rule of a successful throw is that the athlete must "lead" the core behind him, and not follow the projectile himself. That is, the accuracy of the pushing depends on the correct observance of the chain of muscle effort. The speed that an athlete can give to the core is determined by his physical and technical readiness. The preliminary rate of flight of the projectile is accumulated to the optimum value gradually. Moreover, in the phase of "main effort" this value takes the maximum value that an athlete can master. And at the final moment he transfers these turns to a sports apparatus.

Ways to increase core speed

In order to make the most successful throw, it is necessary to give the projectile flight greater swiftness. The value of this parameter depends on the value of the manifestation of strength, as well as muscle action on the core, which occurs during a long acceleration.

To achieve this goal, each athlete uses a specific method of impact on the projectile. There are 4 main types of tricks:

1. Extend the path of exposure to force.

2. Increase the impact on the projectile.

3. Reduce the period of action on the core.

4. Use all of the above methods.

The athlete due to constant training significantly increases muscle strength. However, this is a lengthy process, which, moreover, cannot last forever. And this is due to the fact that the body of each person has its own maximum. As you know, the main increase in speed occurs at the time of the "main effort". But how to achieve this increase in speed? After all, the athlete is in the strict framework of the rules and limited to the place of the push. Many athletes, seeking to achieve a gain in pace, make changes to the acceleration phase. That is, instead of a straightforward, spasmodic acceleration, the rotational method is used. And only Baryshnikov came up with the technique of pushing from the turn. As practice has shown, each type of throwing the nucleus has its positive and negative points. For this reason, each athlete selects the most optimal option depending on the individual characteristics and capabilities of the body.

National State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Health named after P.F. Lesgaft, St. Petersburg

Department of Theory and Methodology of Athletics

abstract

Shot put

St. Petersburg2010

rules

The inner diameter of the circle is 2.135 m (± 5 mm) in shot put and hammer throw and 2.50 m (± 5 mm) in discus throw. The circle ring must be at least 6 mm thick and painted white. Hammer throwing can be performed from a disc throwing disc, provided that the diameter of the disc is reduced from 2.50 m to 2.135 m when located inside the rim. A white line 5 cm wide should be drawn from the outer edge of the metal rim by at least 75 cm on each side of the circle. It can be painted or made of wood or other suitable material. The lower edge of the white line passes through the center of the circle perpendicular to the center line of the touchdown sector.

The landing sector should have a burner, grass or other suitable cover on which the projectile leaves a clear mark.

In all types of throwing, the result is rounded to the nearest 0.01 m downward, if the measured distance is not a whole centimeter. Each result is measured immediately after the attempt.

Minimum weight for competition admission and record recognition

Equipment

Shot Put Training Technique

Task 1. Create an understanding of the technique of shot put as a whole.

Means: explanation, visual aids, showing shot put at different speeds from a circle.

Task 2. To teach how to hold the projectile, as well as the movements of the legs and body during the push.

Means: a) tossing a core from hand to hand;

b) throws up and catching the core with his hands alternately;

c) throws of the core with one, two hands forward and down and from the chest;

d) throws back and up through the head;

e) tremors of the nucleus down-up-forward with the help of the movement of the legs, trunk, arm.

Task 3. Train the technique of pushing the core from a place.

Means: a) simulation and special-leading exercises;

b) imitation of the initial and final position when pushing the core from a place;

c) the same, but with a preliminary turn of the body to the right;

d) the same, but with preliminary bending of the legs;

e) the tremors of the nucleus from a place, standing sideways in the direction of pushing,

f) the same with the preliminary rotation of the body to the right - the back in the direction of pushing.

Task 4. Train the technique of jumping.

Means: a) pushing the right foot back out of the squat with the simultaneous swing of the left foot in the direction of throwing;

b) the same with the core;

c) a jump on the right foot toward the push 30-40 cm from the standing position with the back, the left leg is bent at the knee;

d) the same from the squat;

e) simulation of the jump as a whole (without a core);

e) jumps with the core.

Task 5. Train the general rhythm of shot put.

Means: a) nuclear shocks with a jump in marks, emphasizing the accelerated setting of the right and left legs;

b) the same, but pushing out the core after 2-3 or more jumps;

c) the execution of the push as a whole, accelerating the setting of legs and movement in the final effort.

Task 6. Train the technique of shot put as a whole.

Means: a) pushing a core of different weights from a jump from a circle, correcting individual errors;

b) pushing the kernel of normal weight from the circle to the result, observing the rules of the competition.

Perry O’Brien, the son of a technician at a Hollywood studio, lived and studied in Santa Monica, a small resort town on the Pacific coast, near Los Angeles.

Perry O’Brien

Biography

He was an athletically built, silent and modest young man. From his father, an Irish descent, he inherited high growth, wide chest, strong arms and a love of sport.

Purely Irish perseverance and firmness of character allowed him to soon become one of the best college football players in college. “Oh, that Perry!” The comrades said, rubbing their bruised places after the game. At 17, he weighed over 100 kilograms, had the power of a weightlifter and the speed of a short-distance runner.

In 1949, O’Brien was enrolled in the first year at the University of South California with an American football player scholarship, but he soon pushed the core to 16.42 — a great result for a beginner!

So football or athletics? Income of a professional player or a modest position of an amateur athlete? In order to resolve this issue, you need to know what American football is. Two teams of players dressed in helmets and shells, reminiscent of the armor of medieval knights, stand against each other, at the whistle of the judge they rush forward. The ball is hidden under a pile of bodies. Broken hands, damaged spines - these results of football meetings are published in all newspapers, next to the score of goals scored.

No, this is not for him. Better he will try to break into the US Olympic team as a thrower.

The merit in raising Olympic and world records in throwing so far belonged mainly to American athletes. Only twice, in 1920 and 1936, pushers from the United States yielded first place on the Olympic podium to representatives of other countries. At all other Olympics, they received not only gold, but often silver and bronze medals, and at the 1904 Olympics, all six first places in the shot put went to American throwers.

Ralph Rose has become famous throughout the world.

Michigan giant

The “Michigan giant,” as it was called, weighed 125 kilograms, and its height exceeded two meters. He became the winner of the 1904 Olympics in St. Louis, and then 1908 in London. Rose was the first person in the world to step 15 meters beyond the shot put. His world record of 15.54 has not been broken for 19 years.

Subsequently, the Americans became Olympic champions Patrick McDonald (15.34), Clarence Hauser (14.99), John Cook (15.87), Lee Sexton (16.00). Finally, at the 1948 Olympics, Wilber Thompson brought the Olympic record to 17.12.

The world record in these years belonged to Jack Torrance (17.40). If Rose earned the nickname "Michigan giant," then Torrance was called "mountain man." Having a two-meter height, he weighed 135 kilograms!

In 1950, when O’Brien set his record for first year students, the world record belonged to his compatriot Jim Fuchs and stood at 17.95, that is, he exceeded the achievement of the newcomer by almost a half meter.

Olympic champion

Only two years will pass, and Perry O’Brien will become the Olympic champion. But he will go down in track and field history not only as an Olympic champion, but also as a thrower, ushering in a new era in shot put. Usually the pushers of the nucleus stood in the throwing circle sideways in the direction of throwing and, after making a short jump, pushed the nucleus, trying to put all their strength into this movement. It was O’Brien who thought about how imperfect this technique was. He was cramped in the two-meter space of the circle. During a short jump, he did not have time to develop sufficient speed. As the coaches say, acceleration, the path of the nucleus in the circle was too short. And he began to search ... Once, during a speech at one of the stadiums in Europe, he became not sideways, but his back to the direction of throwing and, making a long sliding jump, easily pushed the core. To his surprise, the result was excellent. Thus a new, more advanced method of pushing the nucleus was born, improved by subsequent generations of throwers and allowed to improve the world record by several meters.

After winning the Helsinki Olympics (17.41), in 1953 at a California competition, O’Brien was the first to push the core 18 meters in the world, and in 1956, on the eve of the Olympic Games, he also exceeded the next, 19-meter mark. At the Cricket Ground stadium in Melbourne, he again becomes the Olympic champion.

The American athlete had an advantage over other throwers not only in a more advanced technique. Many athletes have mastered the new style. Perry O’Brien excelled his rivals in preparing himself for the competition. He had no equal in the art of assembling himself before a jerk, concentrating his will on the final effort, putting maximum speed and power into this movement.

In preparation for the performance, Perry is distracted from everything around him. No one and nothing should stop him from doing the workout. After the warm-up, he slowly walks, not talking to anyone and not paying attention to anyone. “When I push the core, I move to another world,” he says. At first, such behavior in competitions earned him the fame of an inexperienced athlete with a nasty character. In fact, he is modest and friendly. This could be seen in the Soviet athletes who met with O’Brien, who came to compete in our country.

The ability to rationally train and keep fit has allowed O’Brien to perform in the shot put at two more Olympic Games. At the 1960 Olympics, he won a silver medal, and in 1964 he was fourth. However, everything has its end. He finished his performances at the stadiums of the world and O’Brien.

For some time, Bill Nieder (height 191 cm, weight 117 kg, best result 20.06), Dalas Long (height 195 cm, weight 120 kg, best result 20.68), Al Feuerbach (height 185, weight 114 kg, best result 20.82), Neil Stenhauer (height 196 cm, weight 120 kg, best result 21.01).

Randy Matson, silver medalist of the 1964 Olympics and champion of the 1968 Olympics, did especially much to assert the American leadership in shot put. This two-meter giant lived and studied in Texas. The American proverb says: "Everything that grows in Texas is large." Indeed, Texas gave the world a whole cohort of strong people, including Olympic champions.

Matson's relatives joked that as a child, instead of toys, he was amused by the core. In any case, at the age of 12, Randy possessed the power of an 18-year-old, and then became a champion among state school students in shot put and discus throwing. Already in 1965 he had no rivals in the USA and Europe. 29 starts and 29 victories. Among them are a series of world records. Matson's best record, set in 1967, was 21 meters 78 centimeters. High results were explained by excellent physical data, excellent technique. Matson paid a lot of attention to strength training. In the early years, the American was inferior in strength to many throwers. “So far I am inferior even to my predecessors O'Brien and Long,” he said. “O'Brien has 45 cm biceps, and I only have 40. While lying down I can squeeze 300 pounds (about 135 kg), and Long squeezes 400 ". Subsequently, Randy improved his strengths.

Matson was the last American Olympic champion in shot put. While he was winning the Olympic Games and setting world records, athletes from the Soviet Union and other socialist countries were preparing for an attack on American positions in this form of athletics.

Soviet throwers moved relatively slowly towards the Olympic podium. Although the warriors in Russia have not yet been translated, the development of the throwing technique turned out to be far from simple. We did not have the traditions, the experience that the Americans and athletes of such European countries as England, Germany, Finland had in this kind of athletics.

In 1932, when the Olympic champion American L. Sexton pushed the core at 16.00, the all-Union record, owned by Alexander Shekhtel, was only 13.71. This lag was somewhat reduced by Sergey Lyakhov, Heino Lipp and Otto Grigalka. At the 1952 Olympics, when O’Brien won gold with a score of 17.41, Grigalka, who participated in the final, took fourth place, pushing the core by 16.78.

The difference with the champion was already less than one meter. In 1952-1964, O. Grigalka, B. Balyaev, V. Lipsnis, N. Karasev participated in all Olympic finals. But only in 1968 in Mexico City Eduard Gushchin won for the USSR the first Olympic medal in the shot put, though only the bronze one. So our first step was made on the Olympic podium.

Pushers

This attack on American positions in the shot put was supported by throwers of other socialist countries. Hungarian athlete V. Varju was twice European champion, and won a bronze medal at the 1964 Olympics with a result of 19.39. High results were achieved by Pole E. Sosgurnik, Czech Jiri Scoble. However, the success of the throwers of the German Democratic Republic became a real sensation. They began their offensive in 1968, when Dieter Hoffman, the first among European throwers to overcome the border of 20 meters, became the champion of Europe. Following him, his compatriots Hans-Joachim Rothenburg, Uwe Grabe, Hartmut Briesenik and Hans-Peter Gies also exceeded the 20-meter line.

The results of the GDR throwers were not just “home” achievements. They became Europe's records, and at the 1969 US match - Europe, Hoffman and Gies defeated the Americans. June 12, 1971 GDR throwers for the first time crossed the 21 meter line. This was done by Brizenik at the Kommunale stadium in Turin. For the first time in the history of athletics in 1971, the list of the strongest pushers of the core of the world was headed not by the Americans, but by the GDR athletes. The most amazing thing was that a large group of gifted athletes were involved in this attack.

Fate wanted it to be in Munich, the capital of Bavaria, where the former Nazi camp Dachau and Nuremberg with its palace of justice, which became the last place for the arrival of war criminals, were located nearby, the 1972 Olympic Games were held, which brought success to the socialist countries. Athletes from 11 socialist countries made up only 10 percent of all participants in the Olympics, and won 285 medals, or 47.5 percent of all awards won. A significant part of these awards came from athletes.

Competitions in Munich were notable for the high intensity of wrestling. If at the Olympics in Mexico City was set 21 world records, then in Munich 59! Bitter disappointment befell the American athletes, who suffered one failure after another. One such failure was their performance in shot put.

... Polish thrower Vladislav Komar, an athlete with a height of 196 centimeters and weighing 125 kilograms, before the Olympic Games in Munich, no one considered a serious contender for the champion title. By this time he was already 32 years old and in his asset were only two bronze medals at the European Championship. Speaking at the Tokyo Olympics, with a score of 18.20, he was only ninth, and in Mexico, pushing the core at 19.28, only sixth. Before Munich, his rivals showed better results.

In many ways, Komar’s sports path was unusual and contradictory. Mother Vladislav Wanda Yasenskaya more than once set records in Poland in the shot put. Father jumped high.

“From the earliest years I had all the opportunities for playing sports. If I didn’t run around with a ball, I climbed trees, ”Komar said.

Athlete nailed to different "shores." In his childhood he did a little of everything: fencing, swimming, diving, wrestling, but in the end he chose boxing, where he went from light to heavy weight category. In recent years, Vladislav trained under the guidance of the world-famous "dad" Stamm.

However, after a knockout from the Italian Mastegini, he quit boxing and began athletics, where he achieved success in many ways. So, in length he jumped for 7 meters, in height - for 1.91, ran 100 meters for 11.1, jumped with a pole for 3.50 and threw a disc for 50 meters. As a result, he set Poland’s youth decathlon record - 6595 points. But in the end, he stopped at the shot put. Preparations have begun for the Tokyo Olympics. Here is what Komar himself tells about this period:

“The hard training has begun. He ate in the student cafeteria, took off the corner, but did not give up. Four years of hard work ended with a performance at the Tokyo Olympics, where I went as one of the contenders for the prize. But then I could not win a medal, because I was not sufficiently prepared. "

The rest is known. The second setback is in Mexico City, and here is the Komar in the shot put sector at its third Olympics in Munich. Here we saw him as a prudent, tactically mature, well-trained thrower. Having shown the result of 21.18, he became the Olympic champion. Second place was won by American George Woods (21.17). The next two places went to the athletes of the GDR: Hartmut Brizenik and Hans-Peter Gies.

Was the Mosquito victory in Munich an accident? To a certain extent, yes. However, it was also logical, since it reflected the changes in the balance of power among the nuclear pushers that have occurred in recent years and brought to the highest level of the podium the representative of socialist countries.

School of Alekseev

In light of this, one can also consider what happened in 1976 before the Olympic Games and the Games in Montreal to be logical. But first of all, back to the heroes of. The Soviet countries, which had long since begun the struggle for world championship in shot put, but did not rise above the third step of the Olympic podium.

It is not known how events would have developed further if once the famous Leningrad coach Viktor Ilyich Alekseev did not pay attention to a tall newcomer, who at one of the competitions was inept, but diligently stretching himself in the sector to push the shot. On this day, the newcomer did not show a good result, but something in his behavior, inept movements so far forced Alekseev to approach an unknown thrower and invite him to train with him at the Zenit sports school in Leningrad.

Alekseev’s sports school was known not only in the Soviet Union, but also in many countries of the world.

Alekseev, distinguished by his amazing pedagogical instinct and deep knowledge of track and field athletics, the innovative trainer who enjoyed universal love and respect, so far has most successfully raised throwing girls, and first of all shot putters. Tamara Tyshkevich, Galina Zybina, Nadezhda Chizhova were champions of the Olympic Games, more than once set world records. Nobody could predict what the new friendship of a wonderful coach with Alexander Baryshnikov would bring to Soviet sport, that’s the name of a tall newcomer, who was familiar only with the basics of throwing.

The first months of Alexeyev’s studies with Baryshnikov were not particularly fruitful. To increase strength and speed, you can use the beaten right track - to the smallest detail developed methodology for working with the barbell, on gymnastic apparatus, and modern universal simulators. But the technique ?! The giant Baryshnikov (and his height is 198 cm and weight 122 kg) did not want to fit in a two-meter circle to push the core. But if Perry O’Brien found a way out in changing his starting position, then this did not help Alexander Baryshnikov. His long legs tried to get out of the circle, the leap was short, and the final effort itself was carried out almost from the spot.

It was necessary to find a way to lengthen the path of acceleration of the core, based on the individual characteristics of the athlete. And Alekseev recalled how once he tried to use not a leap for the shot put, but peculiar rotational movements, reminiscent of a discus thrower.

Technique Baryshnikova

The first attempts did not give any tangible result. But both the coach and the student were hardworking and persistent. The day came when the core flew over 19 meters. After some time, the 20-meter line was left behind. Unfortunately, the new method, called by Alekseev a version of the “circular swing”, turned out to be more complicated than the usual one. Its development required a long and thorough training work. In the meantime, successful shocks alternated with less successful ones. But the time came when it was possible to publish the "invention" of Alekseev. For the first time Baryshnikov demonstrated it at international competitions in the fall of 1971 in Romania, and in 1972, at a match of the USSR, Germany established, using the new method, the USSR record - 20.54!

The foreign sports press wrote about Baryshnikov and his coach Viktor Ilyich Alekseev. In fact, it seemed that all the possibilities for improving the shot put technique were already exhausted, further searches concerned only insignificant details, methods of acquiring “fast power”. Here was a new option, a fundamentally different solution to the question of how to achieve better acceleration of the projectile in the throwing circle. And then everyone wondered if the “circular swing” variant contradicted the existing rules for pushing the core? There were thousands of opponents of innovation, and units of supporters.

Time has answered all these questions. Firstly, it turned out that the new version does not exclude the old one. It is good for pushers of a high-growth core with long limbs, which are "crowded" in a circle. Baryshnikov began to imitate many athletes, including American. Secondly, regarding the compliance of the “circular mach” with the rules, the IAAF gave the go-ahead to the new method.

Two weeks before the start of the XXI Olympic Games in Montreal, a Soviet athlete Alexander Baryshnikov took a world record in shot put from US throwers, showing 22 meters at competitions in Paris.

For complete triumph, it was only necessary to win a gold Olympic medal. But it was far from easy. In many types of light Athletics, and especially in throwing, there is a pattern: world champions rarely become Olympic champions. The atmosphere of the Olympic Games is not conducive to setting records. The excitement of their participants is too great, the responsibility is too great. Will this pattern be confirmed in Montreal with Baryshnikov? This question was asked by many, and above all, the athlete himself and his coach Alekseev.

When in the morning qualification competitions Alexander Baryshnikov, pushing the core at 21.32, set a new Olympic record, the Soviet fans who came to Montreal were delighted.

Bravo, Baryshnikov! Keep it up!

In contrast to the fans, experienced coaches shook their heads doubtfully.

Olympic record in qualification ?! But it reminds a world jumper with triple Gentile at the Olympic Games in Mexico City. Do you remember how it ended?

... And now 12 heroes entered the sector for the shot put at the Olympic stadium in Montreal. Above all the world and now the Olympic champion Alexander Baryshnikov. Together with him, the second Soviet athlete, using the old method of shot put, Yevgeny Mironov, was allowed to participate in the main competitions. GDR is represented by experienced H.-P. Gis and H.-I. Rothenburg, as well as the little-known newcomer Udo Beyer. Among the Americans here, E. Feuerbach, who only lost his world record in 1976, and D. Woods. The powerful figure is the Englishman D. Cape, who won a number of victories at competitions in Europe.

Achievements

The first attempt Baryshnikova 20.53. For starters, it’s not bad at all. In the third attempt, 21.0. So far, no one can surpass the Soviet thrower, but this result is hardly sufficient to win. Moreover, he is a meter worse than his world record. While everyone is pushing unsuccessfully. But in the fifth attempt, the young Udo Beyer from the GDR by 5 centimeters improves Baryshnikov’s result. The Soviet athlete has two more attempts.

But Baryshnikov is in a hurry. Something is stopping him from regaining that lightness and at the same time the power of movements, which until recently had been admired by French viewers in Paris. 20.58 in the fifth and 0 in the sixth attempt. This is a loss. But in the fifth attempt, Mironov sends a core at 21.03. So they settled down on the podium. On the top step, Udo Beyer, then Evgeny Mironov and Alexander Baryshnikov. They were separated by only 5 centimeters.

For Baryshnikov it was a failure, for Mironov it was a success, and for Beyer an unexpected magnificent victory. Actually, it was offensive, but fair. The Soviet Union left the world and Olympic records. For the GDR, a gold medal. Both were worthy of these awards. As for the Americans, Feuerbach had to be content with fourth, and Woods with seventh places.

Udo Beyer is a versatile athlete. At the age of 15, he was fond of handball, a metal hammer. He jumps 7.25 long and 1.95 high. His trainer is an outstanding specialist Fritz Kühl, a former former GDR record shot put champion.

“I really want to successfully speak at the Moscow Olympics,” said Udo Beyer. “Of course, you need to work hard and still have a lot to learn in shot put. In any case, you need to be ready at any time to show a result of at least 22 meters. ” And Beyer proved that he was ready for this by setting a world record in July 1978 - 22 meters 15 centimeters.