Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich has created its own Roman "On the eve of" Turgenev, a year later, the work was published. Despite the prescription of the events described in it, the novel remains in demand today. What does he attract a modern reader? Let's try to figure it out in this matter.
History of creation
In the 1850s, Turgenev, supporting the views of liberal-Democrats, began to think about the possibility of creating such a hero, whose position would be quite revolutionary, but at the same time they would not fit into conflict with his own. The embodiment of this idea would allow him to avoid ridicule of more radically customized colleagues in the "contemporary". His understanding of the inevitability of the change of generations of progressive Russian circles has already clearly sounded in an epilogue to the "noble nest" and was reflected in the work of Rudin.
In 1856, the landowner Vasily Karateev, the neighbor of the great writer on the Mtsensky district, Turgenev's notes were left, who served the manuscript of the autobiographical story. It was a story telling the author's unfortunate love to one girl who threw it for the Bulgarian student from Moscow University.
Someone later, scientists of several countries conducted research, as a result of which the identity of this character was established. Bulgarian was Nikolai Katranov. He arrived in Russia in 1848, enrolling here in Moscow University. The girl loved Bulgarian, and together they went to his homeland in the city of Svistov. However, all the plans of the beloved crossed the vehicle disease. Bulgarian infected with a consume and soon died. However, the girl, despite the fact that one remained, did not return to Karateev.
The author of the manuscript went to the Crimea for the service officer of the noble militia. He left his work Turgenev and offered to process it. Already after 5 years, the writer began to create his novel "On the eve". The basis of this work and served as a manuscript, left as Karate, who was already dead by this time.
Shubin and Bersenev
The plot of the novel "On the eve" Turgenev begins with a dispute. It leads two young people - sculptor Pavel Shubin and scientist Andrei Bersenev. The topic of the dispute concerns the nature and place in it in it.
I. S. Turgenev presents the reader of his heroes. One of them is Bersenev Andrei Pavlovich. This young man is 23 years old. He just received a diploma of Moscow University and dreams of starting a career scientist. The second young man, Schubin Paul Yakovlevich, is waiting for art. A young man is a hoping of a sculptor.
Their dispute about nature and the place in it arose no accidentally. Berseneva affects her fullness and self-sufficiency. He is sure that nature overshadows people. And these thoughts cause sadness and anxiety in it. According to Schubin, it is necessary to live a full life and not reflect on this. He recommends his friend to get away from sad thoughts, starting a heart girlfriend.
After that, the conversation of young people goes to everyday bed. Bersenev reports that I recently saw Insarov, and wishes his acquaintance with Shubin and with the family of the octah. They hurry to return to the country. After all, it is impossible to be late for dinner. Tetushka Paul, Anna Vasilyevna Stakhova, will be extremely unhappy with this. But after all, thanks to this woman, Schubin appeared the opportunity to engage in his beloved business.
Stakhov Nikolai Artemyevich
What tells us the brief content "on the eve" in the article? Turgenev introduces his reader with a new character. Nikolai Artemyevich Stakhov is the head of the family, from the young age he dreamed of profitable marriage. In 25 conceived them carried out. He took Anna Vasilyevna Schubin to his wife. But soon the stakhs started his mistress - Augustus Christian. And the one, and another women already bored with Nikolai Artemyevich. But he does not break his vicious circle. The spouse suffers his infidelity, despite his mental pain.
Shubin and Stakhov
What else becomes known to us from the summary "on the eve"? Turgenev tells his reader that Shubin lives in the family of the Old Year for almost five years. He moved here after the death of mother, a good and smart Frenchwoman. Paul's father died before her.
It makes his go of Shubin with great diligence, but urabs. At the same time, he does not even want to hear about the Academy and professors. And despite the fact that Moscow believes that the young man gives high hopes, he still could not do anything outstanding.
Here I. S. Turgenev introduces us with the main heroine of his novel - Elena Nikolaevna. This is a daughter Stakhova. She likes Shubin very much, however, the young man does not miss the case of poking with a 17-year-old swallowed in a friend, which is a companion of Elena. Stakhova's daughter is not able to understand such a controversial person. Its outragets the lack of character from any person and angry with stupidity. In addition, the girl never forgives lies. He who has lost respect simply stops to exist for her.
The image of Elena Nikolaevna
Overview of the novel "On the eve" Turgenev speaks of this girl as an outstanding nature. She is only twenty years old. She is statutory and attractive. The girl has gray eyes and a dark blond braid. However, in her appearance there is something impustious and irregular, which is not like everyone.
The soul of Elena Nikolaevna seeks to virtue, but nothing can satisfy her. From childhood, the girl was interested in animals, as well as sick, poor people and hungry people. Their position worried her soul. At the age of 10, Elena met with a nasty girl named Katya and began to take care of her by making a kind of worship. Such a passion did not approve of parents. But Katya died, leaving Elena's indelible trace in the soul.
From 16 years old, the girl considered himself lonely. She lived independent, who did not shy with anyone, considering it to love her. In the role of her husband, she did not imagine a scuba. After all, this young man was distinguished by impermanence.
Bersenyov also attracted Elena. She saw a smart, educated and deep person in it. But Andrei constantly and persistently told her about Insarov - a young man, obsessed with the idea of \u200b\u200bliberating homeland. This awakened the interest of Helen to the Personality of Bulgarian.
Dmitry Insarov
We can also learn the story of this hero from the summary of the "on the eve". Turgenev told his reader that the mother of the young man was kidnapped, and then killed Turkish Yeah. Dmitry then was still a child. The boy's father decided to take revenge on his wife, for which he was shot. In the eight-year-old age, Insarov remained an orphan, and he took to himself aunt, which lived in Russia.
At the age of 20, he returned to his homeland and for two years he traveled the country along and across, having studied her well. Dmitry has repeatedly underwent danger. During travel, he was pursued. Bersenev told about the fact that he saw the scar on the body of a friend who remained at the place of the wound. However, the author of the novel indicates that Dmitry does not want to take revenge on Age. The goal that the young man is haunted is more extensive.
Insarov, like all students, poor. At the same time, he is proud, scrupulous and undemanding. It is distinguished by tremendous performance. The hero studies the right, Russian history and political economy. He is engaged in the translation of Bulgarian chronicles and songs, making up a grammar of his native language for Russians, and Russian - for their people.
Elena love to Insarova
Dmitry, during his first visit to Stakhov, produced a strong impression on the girl. Music features of the character of the young man confirmed and occurred soon. We can learn about it from the brief content "On the eve of" Turgenev.
Once, Anna Vasilyevna came to mind the idea to show his daughter and the beauty of Tsaritsyn's beauty. They went there a large company. Ponds, Park, Ruins of the Palace - All this produced a great impression on Elena. During a walk to them, an impressive growth of a man approached them. He began to demand a kiss from Zoe, who would serve as compensation for the fact that the girl did not answer the applause during his excellent singing. Shubin tried to protect her. However, he did it in an ornate form, trying to admonish drunk. His words only were angry with a man. And here Insarov came forward. He suggested drunk to leave. The man did not listen and went ahead. Then Insarov lifted him and threw him in a pond.
Next, Roman Turgenev tells us about the feeling that has arisen. The girl confessed to himself that he loves Insarov. That is why for her was a blow to the news that Dmitry leaves from the octah. The reason for such a sudden departure is only Bersenev. After all, once his friend admitted that he would have left if they fell in love. Personal feeling should not be an obstacle to his debt.
Recognition in love
After her recognition of Insarov clarified, was Elena's read with him and accompany him everywhere? The girl answered him in the affirmative. And then Bulgarian offered her to become his wife.
First difficulties
The beginning of the joint path of the main characters of Turgenev "On the eve" was not cloudless. As a husband, for her daughter, Nikolai Artemyevich chose Ober-secretary of Senate Kursnatovsky. But this obstacle was not the only one for happiness in love. From Bulgaria began to come alarming letters. Dmitry got ready to go home. However, he suddenly caught up and during the eight days he was at death.
Bersenev cared for his friend and constantly told about his state Elena, who was just in despair. But the threat passed, after which the girl visited Dmitry. Young people decided to hurry with departure. On the same day, they became husband and wife.
Helena's father, having learned about the date, called for a daughter to answer. And here Elena told parents that Insarov became her husband, and that they would soon go to Bulgaria.
Young journey
Next, in the Roman of Turgenev, the reader states that Elena and Dmitry arrived in Venice. Behind them left not only a difficult relocation, but also two months of illness that Insarov spent in Vienna. After Venice, the young went to Serbia to then move to Bulgaria. For this you need to wait for Randich.
This old "sea wolf" will cross them home Dmitry. However, a young man suddenly turns the char. Elena cares for him.
Sleep
Elena, angry from the care of the patient, fell asleep. She had a dream in which she was in a boat, first on a pond in Tsaritsyno, and then at sea. After it covers a snow whirlwind, and the girl turns out in the cart near Kati. Horses carry them directly to the snowy abyss. Elena's companion laughs and calls her in the abyss. The girl wakes up, and at that moment Insarov says that he dies. Randich, who arrived to take the young in Bulgaria, no longer cares to Dmitry alive. Elena asks him to take a coffin with a beloved body and sent with him.
Further heroine fate
After the death of her husband, Elena sent a letter to parents about what rides in Bulgaria. She wrote to them that another homeland, except for this country, no longer. What happened to her later, no one knows. They said that someone accidentally met a girl in Herzegovina. Elena got a sister of mercy and worked at Bulgarian troops. After that, no one seen her.
Analysis of the work
The topic of the work of Turgenev "On the eve" affects the artistic understanding of the issue of an active principle in man. And the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe novel is the need for active natur for the progress and movement of society.
The image of Elena Stakhova in the Roman Turgenev "On the eve" is what readers expected long ago. After all, he shows us a volitional woman who chose an active and decisive man for himself. The critics of Roman Turgenev "the day before" also noted. Reviews of literary critics confirmed that quite Russian, alive and finished image of Elena became a real pearl of the work. Such a strong female nature to Turgenev did not show any domestic work. The main feature of the girl is her self-sacrifice. The ideal of Elena is an active good, which is connected with the understanding of happiness.
As for Insarov, he, of course, towers over all the characters of the novel. The exception is only Elena, which is located with him on one step. The main hero of Turgenev lives the thought of a feat. And the most attractive feature of this image is a love of homeland. The shower of the young man is filled with compassion to his people, which is located in the Turkish Kabal.
The whole work of the Russian writer is imbued with the idea of \u200b\u200bthe greatness and holiness of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe liberation of the debris. Insaro is the real ideal of self-denial.
According to critics, in this novel, the brightly found the brightness of Turgenev's brightness. The writer managed to consider the actual problems of his time and reflect them in such a way that the work remains relevant for the modern reader. After all, purposeful, bold and strong personalities need Russia always.
As is well known from the memories of the writer, the prototype of Insarov was Bulgarian Katranes, a student of the Philological Faculty of Moscow University. Insarov truly heroic nature, he is deprived of selfishness, his whole life is completely subordinated to public interest. Nothing can make him retreat from the target goal, even the opportunity for personal revenge, he sacrifices a common cause. It gives the integrity and certainty of its nature.
Facilities of Nature I. Reliefs are drawn when compared with other characteristics of the novel - a young scientist-historian Bersenev and a talented artist Shubin, who are not able to bring their homeland practical benefits: one is engaged in the history of German law, and the other sculpts the Wakhanok and dreams of Italy.
The stubborn and focused I. with honor passes the test of love, which no longer under the power of the Turgenev Hero turned out to be unable to him: he boldly responds to the feelings of Elena Stakhova, not afraid of responsibility for her life and any other obstacles. In their union, he owns a leading role: it is with the advent of I. in the life of Elena a goal appears.
At the same time, Insarov is the only central heroes of Turgenev, who connected with his beloved and whose happiness is deserved. Natura I. Such is that it causes sympathy and hot attachment even in those people who could hate him. So, Bersenev, who loving Elena and who knows about her love for I., remains entirely devoted to him, cares for him during his illness.
The unexpected death of I. makes a motive of fees for happiness, the tragedy of human life. Although he dies not in a fight with the Turks, but in his hands at his wife in an Italian hotel, the influence of I. on Elena so much significantly that after the death of her husband she went to Bulgaria to continue his business.
Report-report on the work of I.S. Turgenev "On the eve"
Plan
1. Summary of the novel
2. The main hero of the novel and the idea he expresses.
3. Check the hero on the genius and "nature". Does he withstand testing.
4. Why in the Roman Turgenev's novel is a particular place to test with love.
5. The meaning of the finals of the Romana
1. The effect of the novel begins in the summer of 1853 in the village of Dacha Kuntseva near Moscow. In Elena, a twenty-year-old daughter of the post nobleman Nikolai Artemyevich Stakhova and Anna Vasilyevnyaya Stahova, a natives of Shubina, two young people are in love - 26-year-old Pavel Yakovlevich Shubin, the artist-sculptor and 23-year-old Andrei Petrovich Bersenev - a beginner of the philosov, the third candidate of Moscow University. Elena, with more sympathy, belongs to Bersenev, which causes annoyance and jealousy from Schubin, but it does not affect his friendship with Bersenev. Friends are completely different: if Shubin, as is likely to the artist, sees everything acutely and brightly, wants to be a "number first" and eager for love-enjoyment, then Bersenev is more restrained, considers the appointment of his life - to put himself with the "number of the second" and love for him First of all - sacrifice. Similar point of view adheres to Elena. She tries to help everyone and protect, patronizing his oppressive animals, birds, insect, has charity and distributes alms.
Bersenev invites his friend to Kuntsevo by University Bulgarian Insarov. Dmitry Nikanovich Insarov - iron in spirit man, patriot of his homeland. He came to form in Russia with one sole purpose - to apply the knowledge gained in the liberation of native Bulgaria from Turkish yoke. Bersenev introduces Insarov with Elena. Between Insar and Elena flashes light, real, mutual, disinterested, sensual love. Bersenev, remaining faithful to its principles, moves away. Passionately Love Insarov, rightfully serving its main thing. It is designed to drown out love by your departure, in order to protect your choices, waiting for her terrible tests. However, Elena at the last minute first reveals Insarov and recognizes that he does not see his further life without him. Insarov is given to the power of feelings, but the goal of his life cannot forget and prepare for departure to Bulgaria. Elena does not know for himself another, how to follow such a beloved man. In search of solving the difficulties of the task of departure from Russia, Insarov is cold and seriously ill. Bersenev and Elena hurt him. Insarov is a little straightened and secretly wrecked with Elena. Thanks to the "goodwires", this mystery reveals and serves as a frank strike for Elena's parents who see its future in marriage with the college adviser Egor Andreevich Kurkinatsky. However, thanks to the love of Anna Andreevna to his daughter, the marriage of Elena and Insarov is still blessing and financially supported. In November, Elena and Insarov are leaving from Russia. Insarow is not a direct way to Bulgaria. His illness progresses and he is forced to be treated in Vienna for two months. In March, Elena and Insarov come to Italian Venice. From here by the Sea Insarov, rushing to Bulgaria. Elena constantly cares for Insar and even, feeling the approach of something terrible and irreparable, in the actions of his own not repent. Her feelings for Insaro only deepen. Elena blooms from this love. Insarov, exhausted by the disease, fades and holds only for love for Elena and desire to return to their homeland. On the day of arrival, Insar's ship is rapidly dying. Before death, he says goodbye to his wife and homeland. Elena decides to bury her husband in Bulgaria and goes to the insaroral ship who arrived at the Insarm through the dangerous Adriatic Sea. On the way, the ship falls into the terrible storm and the further fate of Elena is not known. In her last letter, Elena says goodbye to his family and writes that he does not repeal and see his happiness in the loyalty of memory and the cause of the whole life of his chosen one.
2. The main character of the novel is Bulgarian Dmitry Insarov, personifying a new generation of civilian people who do not disperse the word with the case. Insarov speaks exclusively the truth, certainly performs the promised, the decisions of his own does not change and his whole life is subordinated by one higher goal for him - the liberation of Bulgaria from Turkish yoke. The ideological stem of Insarov - Faith in the Union of all anti-quiliation forces, the Union of all parties and political flows in the fight against the ability to enslavement and humiliation.
3. Drawing an image of Insarov, Turgenev gives his character not only with a rare mind (not everyone, however, as it is now, it is possible to go to Moscow University), but also excellent physical strength and dexterity, brightly describing the protection scene at the Tsaritsyn Pond Insar Zoe - companions Helena from the encroachment of the judging the grudge of the German.
4. Love in the novel is constantly opposed to a common cause. Elena here many is easier than Insaro. She is completely given to the power of love and thinks exclusively with a heart. Love chips her and under the action of this great strength Elena blooms. Insaro is more difficult. He has to be divided between his chosen one and the main goal of his life. Sometimes, love and common cause are not fully compatible, and Insarov is trying more than once from love. However, it does not succeed and even in a minute of the death of Insarov utters two characteristic words: "Reeded" - the thin smell of the spirits of Elena and Randich - a compatriot and like-minded Insarov in the fight against Turkish enslavers. By this opposition, Turgenev is probably trying to convey to the reader that as long as the world there is injustice in pure love will always be a worthy rival. And only people themselves can help to help love for the world, if all of them in a single gun extends each other's hands.
5. The finale of the novel is frankly sad and undefined relative to its main heroine. However, tragic paints, if we consider the novel, exclusively, as a very beautiful love story, more brighter the great strength, which is true love. If, reading the novel, feel symbolic withdrawal and see in Elena, the personification of young Russia, standing on the eve of great change, then the sad outcome of the work can be viewed as a warning of the author of the vulnerability and weakness of a single, even if such as human insar and a great power People combined one idea.
The writing
Artistic understanding of the problem of the active principle in man Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev gave in the novel "On the eve". In the work, "the idea of \u200b\u200bthe need for consciously actors" for the movement of society to progress is laid. Insarov is towers over all the active persons of the novel (excluding Elena. He is in short). It is towers as a hero, whose whole life is covered by the thought of a feat. The most attractive feature of Insarov for the author is love for the Motherland - Bulgaria. Insarov - the embodiment of fiery love for debris. His soul is full with one sense: compassion for the native people located in the Turkish Kabal. "If you knew what our burning area! - says Insar Elena. - And meanwhile his trash, it is tormented ... We all took away, all: our churches, our rights, our lands; How the flock of the Turks drive us the flock, we cut us ... Do I love my homeland? - What else can you love on earth? That one is invariably, that above all doubts, what can not be believed after God? And when this homeland needs you ... "All the work of I. S. Turgenev is imbued with the" greatness and holiness "of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe liberation of the suffering depreciation. Insarov is a kind of self-denial. Its highly characterizes self-limitation, imposition of "iron chains of debt". He smires all the other desires, subordinating his life to the ministry of Bulgaria. However, his self-denial differs from humility before the debt of Laurezza and Lisa Kalitina: it has not a religious-ethical, but ideological nature. In accordance with the principle of objective mapping, the reality of Turgenev did not want and could not cover the quality (albeit not always attractive), which saw him into the hero - not an abstract image, but in a living person. Any character is too complicated to draw it only one paint - black or white. Insarov - no exception. Sometimes he is too disadvantaged in his behavior, even simplicity of it is deliberate and difficult, and he himself is too dependent on his own aspiration for independence. The writer in Insarov attracts Donoschottia. There are no other, capable of the heroes around it. "There is no other people, there are no people where you look," says Shubin. - All email, rodents, gamletters ... from empty to empty releasants Yes, drum sticks! And then some other things are: to the shameful subtleties they themselves studied themselves, they are indifferent to each of his feeling, they are indisputable and reported to themselves: that's what I say, I feel, that's what I think. Useful little lesson! No, you were between us with respect to us, this girl would not leave us, this sensitive soul would not slip away, like fish in the water. " "Gamletics" ... The word is said! Do not hear in these words of Schubin and author's self-constructions? In the "on the eve" is more clearly than in other novels of Turgenev, the presence of the author himself, his thoughtful and doubt, too clearly reflected in many characters in thought, in their thoughts and interests. Turgenev expressed himself even in a quiet and bright envy to the love of the main characters. Rightly, leaning in front of this love, Bersenev tells himself the very words that are more than once in the author's letters. "What kind of hunting to be lying to the edge of someone else's nest?" There is one hidden plot in the novel "On the eve", not related to socio-political borings in the pre-forming Russia. In actions, reflections, the statements of the heroes are gradually the development of the author's thought of happiness. "" The thirst for love, the thirst for happiness, nothing more, - Shubin praised ...- Happiness! Happiness! While life has not passed ... We will win our happiness! " Bersenev raised his eyes on him. "As if there is nothing higher than happiness?" He said quietly ... "No wonder these questions are asked at the very beginning of the novel, they demand a response. Further, each of the heroes will find their happiness. Shubin - in art, Bersenev - in the classes of science. Insarov does not understand personal happiness if the Motherland is in grief. "How can this be satisfied and happy when your countrymen suffer?" - asked by Insarov, and Elena is ready to agree with him. For them, personal should be based on the happiness of others. Happiness and debt, thus coincide. And it is not at all that disconnecting the well-being, which speaks at the beginning of Roman Bersenev. But later, the heroes are aware that even their altruistic happiness of sinful. In front of the death of Insarov, Elena feels that for the earthly - whatever it is - the happiness person must bear the punishment. For her, this is the death of Insarov. The author reveals his understanding of the law of life: "... the happiness of each person is based on the unfortunate of the other." But if so, then the happiness is really "disconnecting the word" - and therefore it is unacceptable and unattainable for a person. There is only debt, and it is necessary to follow him. Here is one of the most important thoughts of the novel. But will there ever be disinterested finances in Russia? The author does not give a direct response to this question, although it hopes for his positive decision. There is no answer and the question sounded in the title of Roma on-the day before. On the eve of what? - The appearance of Russian insaroys? When will they appear? "When will the real day come?" - This question asks the Dobrolyubs in the article of the same name that this is - as not a call to the revolution? The brightness of the same Turgenev is that he managed to see actual problems of time and reflect in his novel that did not lose freshness for us. Strong, bold, purposeful individuals need Russia at all times.
The famous and talented writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a classic of Russian literature. He is known not only as a writer, but also as a poet, publicist, translator, playwright. His realistic works are still the great property of Russian literature. Ivan Sergeevich made a huge contribution to ensuring that Russian literature in the nineteenth century could develop.It is known that this wonderful writer succeeded not only in writing activities, but also became a corresponding member of the famous and prestigious Academy of Sciences, where he received a discharge in Russian and literature. In addition, he was awarded the title of Honorary Dr. Dr. Oxford, as well as an honorary member of the Metropolitan University. But its main achievements are works, among which six novels are distinguished. They brought him fame and popularity. One of them is "on the eve", which was published in 1860.
The history of the creation of the Turgenev novel
Ivan Turgenev, in the memoirs of contemporaries, in the second half of 1850 began to think about creating a completely new hero in one of his works, which was not yet in Russian literature. Such a decision came to the writer not easy, but because the author of remarkable landscape works had the influence of liberal democrats.
According to Ivan Turgenev, his hero was supposed to reflect the views of the author himself, but be more moderate. This understanding of the creation of a new hero came from a writer much earlier when he was just beginning to work on the first novel. And even female images in his work for modern literature became new. For example, Elena, about whom the author himself said:
"A strong desire for freedom could have to go."
About the history of the creation of this novel is known exactly that the manuscript of his autobiography left the writer himself, who at that time lived in the neighboring, Mtsensky, the county. This event happened to the author approximately in 1855. And by the landover, the neighbor was a certain Vasily Karataev. This officer, passing the service in the noble militia, decided not only to leave his manuscript writer, but also consent to Ivan Sergeyevich to dispose of it as he would like him.
Of course, Ivan Turgenev read it, and he was interested in the history of love, which was told in this handwritten notebook. So the plot of his novel was born: the young man loves a beautiful and charming girl who chooses another - Bulgarian. That is just in Moscow, studying at the university.
The main heroes of the novel:
✔ Anna Vasilyevna Stakhova.
✔ Nikolay Artemyevich Stakhov.
✔ Dmitry Insarov.
✔ Andrei Bersenev.
✔ Pavel Shubin.
As is known, a prototype of this Bulgarian became a certain Nikolai Katra Roganov, who lived in the capital, and then, together with Russian wife, he tries to return to his homeland, as the Russian-Turkish war began. But soon he dies from Chakhotka, never coming to his hometown.
It is known that the neighbor, who gave his manuscript to the writer, did not return from the war, as he died of a typhus. Ivan Turgenev tried to publish this manuscript, but, from the point of view of literature, she was too weak, so after many years he reread this notebook again and realizes that he found a new hero, which just at that time thought.
In 1858, he is taken for the artistic processing of the plot, which a neighbor suggested to him. But, as the writer himself explained, only one scene remained in the same form, everything else was recycled and changed. Ivan Turgenev and assistant - a famous writer, Turgenev friend and traveler E. Kovalevsky. He was needed by the author of the novel, as it was beautifully understood in all the details of the liberation movement, which happened in Bulgaria.
It is known that the writer wrote his novel not only in the genital estate, but also abroad, for example, in London and in other cities. And only only returning to Moscow, he himself delivers a manuscript in the publication of the magazine "Russian Bulletin" known at the time.
The plot of the new novel
The plot of the Turgenev Roman begins with a dispute. The scientist Andrei Bersenev and Sculptor Pavel Shubin participates in it. The theme of their dispute is the nature and place of a person in the surrounding world. Gradually, the author introduces the reader and with the whole family of sculptor. For example, with a detailed relative, aunt Anna Vasilyevna, who does not like her husband at all, as, however, he is her. Anna Vasilyevna's husband met by chance with a widow, and therefore he spends most of the time. And it is easy to explain: after all, on Anna Vasilyevna, he once married the sake of money, and the only thing that unites them is their adult daughter Elena.
It is known to all that the new acquaintance of Nikolai Artemyevich is quite inhabit of her. And now the sculptor lives in this family for five years, as he can only do the art here, but most of the time he is lazy. He cares for the companion of the Master's Daughter - Joy, but he is in love with Elena. But who is she, Elena? This is a young girl, twenty years old, dreamy and kind. It helps those who need help: hungry, sick people and animals. But at the same time she herself is very alone. She lives alone, her young man does not have yet. Shubin is not interesting to her, and his friend is interested only only for conversation.
Once Bersenev introduces Elena with his acquaintances, Dmitry Insarov, who lives in Russia, but dreams of liberating his homeland. Bulgarian interested Elena, but not at the first meeting. He begins to like when she protects her from a drunkard who sticks to the girl right on the street. And when the girl falls in love with himself, he learns that Dmitry leaves. Andrei tells the girl about the fact that he is afraid that his personal fervent feelings for Elena will be able to deprive His will fight for their country. Then the girl herself goes to the young man, admits in his feelings and is now ready to help him in everything and everywhere follow him.
Elena and Dmitry for some time modestly communicate, but Insarov, receiving anxious and sad letters from their relatives and friends, begins to prepare for departure. And then Elena comes home to him in order to talk seriously about their collaborative future. After the hot explanation it was decided to get married. Parents were shocked by her message about their marriage. For them, a big blow was the news that she was sent in other people's edges with her husband.
In Venice they have to stay a little, as they expect a ship going to Serbia, and only later they will be able to get to Bulgaria. But here Dmitry is ill: he has heat and temperatures. Once Elena dream of a terrible and terrible dream, and when she wakes up, he sees that her husband died. Therefore, only his body is delivered to their homeland. After that, there was another letter to parents, where Elena wrote that she was going to Bulgaria and wishes to consider this country to be his new homeland. After that, it disappears, and only rumors of the denunciation that she acts as a sister of mercy.
The motives of Turgenevsky plot
All motives, as well as Turgenev ideas in the novel, were analyzed by criticism of Nikolai Dobrolyubov, who approached the plot from progressive positions. Critic notes in the author special writing sensitivity. This is perfectly manifested in how Ivan Sergeevich depicts the main heroine. The critic saw in Elena, the stachic image of Russia, which is still young and beautiful.
Elena in the Turgenev presentation addressed to the people, it takes a dream from him, looking for the truth. She is also ready to sacrifice the sake of someone. Elena is a wonderful heroine, she likes to men. The army of her fans is great: it is an artist, and an official, a scientist and even a revolutionary. The girl chooses Insarov's revolutionary, trying to commit a civil feat. Her chosen one has a high goal that he subordinates all his life. He dreams of happiness for his homeland.
There is in Turgenev's work and another topic is a conflict of personal interests and senses. For example, Barsenhev and Shubin argue about what happiness is what love is, and that can stand above. The more the reader watches the main characters, it becomes clear that they must bring the victim of their love. The author is trying to emphasize that any life on Earth ends tragic. And according to the story of the novel, it is known that Insarows unexpectedly dies from the disease. And Elena dissolves in the crowd of people and no one else knows about her.
Criticism and reviews on the novel Ivan Turgenev "On the eve"
The writer did not accept the position of Criticism Nikolai Dobrolyubov on his novel, his interpretation of the general plot and a look at the main characters. At the time when the critical article was supposed to go out, Turgenev appealed to Nekrasov with a request to stop the review. The point is not that the author was afraid of publication. Ivan Sergeevich was upset by the very circumstance that the novel was misunderstood. Therefore, as soon as the Nekrasovsky magazine "Contemporary" came out, the writer decides forever to break with him, since he was not listened to his requests. But on this criticism of the novel "On the eve" did not stop. Soon another article appeared on the pages of the same Nekrasov magazine, which had a negative romance review, but already written by Chernyshevsky. No less negative reaction to the content of the novel and its heroes was both conservatively confined writers and nobles.
That just did not write contemporaries about the novel. The most rugged heroine considering that she at all there are no female qualities that she is immoral and empty. He also got the main character, most often it called dry and schematic.
It greatly grieved the author. But time passed into its place. Forecasts drawn up by the first readers that the "On the eve" will never be tomorrow, did not justify. The novel, added more than 150 years ago, one of the brightest creations of Russian classics is known as a bright and deep work to any contemporary.