In the huge and clean mirror of Alexander Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin", readers recognized the present, recognized themselves and their friends, the entire environment. They heard the lively, colloquial, intermittent, sincere and therefore doubly seductive speech of the best of his contemporaries. All the characteristics of the images were not random, not taken from nowhere, from only one imagination. They represented a slice of the era.

Therefore, it is interesting to consider not only the images of the main characters of the novel, but also the secondary ones, which are described no less truthfully and picturesquely.

So, the poet devotes part of the second chapter (from 6th to 12th) to the characterization of Lensky's image. He accurately notices in the hero special, distinctive features. But we are interested in three stanzas - 10-12, in which Lensky's characterization is the most concise and specific.

But before turning to the analysis of these stanzas, it should be noted that in the initial sketches of the poem Lensky is presented as a "screamer, rebel and poet." He brought from a German university not only "freedom-loving dreams", but also "indignation, regret" and even "thirst for revenge."

Thus, at first, Lensky appeared to Pushkin more significantly, closer to himself: this is the future Decembrist. In the final formation of the image, the poet abandoned these features, and in the luggage of the Russian youth returning from abroad, only vague "freedom-loving dreams" and "always enthusiastic speech and black curls up to his shoulders" were preserved.

Pushkin made Lensky easier, an ordinary representative of the noble youth. Vladimir is so gentle and inexperienced, and one might say, pure in his aspirations, that he does not see the difference between his own fiction and reality:

He sang love, love obedient,

And his song was clear

Like the thoughts of an innocent virgin,

Like a baby's dream ...

This is what the author says about his hero, meaning that Lensky wrote poetry. So on the night before the duel, he will write the last poems to Olga, while Onegin was fast asleep ... This detail - the practice of poetry - is apparently very important for Pushkin. This is one of those traits that should have made the hero akin to the author. She emphasized not only Lensky's romanticism, but also his ability to feel deeply and sincerely (it is no coincidence that the metaphorical comparison "like a baby's dream" is used here).

He sang separation and sorrow

And something, and a hazy distance ...

He sang the faded color of life

Nearly eighteen years old.

These lines contain irony about the hero's creativity. Pushkin, as a true master of words, tries to emphasize the typicality of Lensky's feelings. After all, all poets at the age of eighteen write about the fading of life and feelings. Although their life is just beginning, and what is “sunset”, they actually do not understand.

Lords of neighboring villages

He didn't like feasts;

He ran their noisy conversations.

Their conversation is prudent ...

In the desert where Eugene is alone

I could appreciate his gifts ...

This is followed by a very succinct portrait of the hero, as his neighbors-landowners represented him: “Lensky is rich, good-looking // He was accepted everywhere as a groom ...” Moreover, the phrase “good-looking” most likely refers not to the portrait of the hero, but to his ability to act groom for landlord daughters :.

All daughters read their

For a semi-Russian neighbor ...

In general, the appearance on the pages of Lensky's novel, and the fact that he became Eugene's friend, is an important technique. With the help of Vladimir, his open outlook on life, all the images become brighter and more dramatic. He is like a child, through whose lips the truth speaks.

Abstract of an open literature lesson on the topic "Tatiana's sweet ideal ...".

(Comparative characteristics of Tatiana and Olga)

(18.12.2014)

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

Developing:

Educational:

Methods and techniques:

analytical conversation;

cultural commentary;

presentation;

heuristic conversation;

verbal (teacher's word).

reproductive (story-based conversation).

visual and illustrative (computer presentation slides).

partially - search (finding keywords in the text).

practical (reading text with stops)

Equipment: presentation, illustrations for the novel, portraits of the main characters.

Tatiana is an exceptional being,

The nature is deep, loving, passionate ...

V.G. Belinsky

During the classes

I. Organizing time.

Guys, today we will continue working on the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". Our task is to reveal the images of Tatiana and Olga. Why do you think the lines by V.G. Belinsky "Tatiana is an exceptional creature, a deep nature, loving, passionate"? True, because it is Tatiana who is the ideal of A.S. Pushkin, the embodiment of Pushkin's ideas about the ideal woman. And we have to be convinced of this.

II. 1. Introduction by the teacher.

The image of Tatiana is important for revealing the ideological meaning of the work. As for the image of Olga, it is not central, but her character serves not only as a background for the image of Tatiana, but is also interesting in itself.

Let's pay attention to the names of the heroines.

2. Cultural information.

Tatiana is an ancient Greek name, “founder”. Since childhood, she is distinguished by emotionality, the keeper of the hearth, calm. With age, there is more tolerance.

Olga is an old Russian name, "holy, sacred". Strong-willed, active, stubborn, in eternal problems. Serious, thoughtful, but very vulnerable and touchy.

By the end of the lesson, we have to determine if the characters of the heroines are similar to the meaning of their names.

3. Analysis of the second chapter of "Eugene Onegin".

Where does the second chapter begin? (confirm with quotes from the text). (I)

(Begins with a description of the village where Eugene was bored. Description of the village:

The village where Eugene was bored,

There was a lovely corner;

There is a friend of innocent delights

I could bless the sky.

The lord's house is secluded

Shielded from the winds by a mountain,

He stood over the river. Far away

Before him dazzled and bloomed

Golden meadows and fields,

The villages flashed; here and there

The herds roamed the meadows

And the canopy expanded thick

A huge neglected garden

Haven of Brooding Dryads.)

What does Onegin do in the village? (Iv)

Alone among his possessions

Just to spend time

First, our Eugene conceived

Establish a new order.

In his wilderness, the desert sage,

Yarem he is an old corvee

Replaced by light rent;

What do the lines “he replaced the old corvée with a light one with an old quitrent” mean? (cultural commentary )( Corvee is a duty served by serfs and temporarily obligated farmers in favor of the landowner, mainly for the provision of part of the land for their use. Rent is a waste industry, as a rule, unrelated to agriculture. The peasants brought money from the rent. The rent was considered not only an easier form of serfdom, but also the path to the emancipation of the peasants).

What is Onegin's relationship with his neighbors? (V) (At first, everyone came to him, but Onegin did not want to communicate with them, they seemed boring to him).

How do you get to know Vladimir Lensky? (Vi) (Handsome, in full bloom, Kant's admirer and poet, Vladimir was a pure soul, innocent, naive. His soul and mind were striving for the high and beautiful).

How was Lensky received in the village? (XII) (As a groom, since he was rich and handsome).

What does Lensky think about this? Does he want to get married? ("Lensky, not having, of course, the desire to have the bonds of marriage, with Onegin he cordially wished to introduce a shorter acquaintance").

They agreed ... Find the lines that describe Onegin's relationship with Lensky? (XIII) (Lensky and Onegin are opposite in their perception of life, in relation to it: on the one hand, a romantic, idealizing life, and on the other, a person who is disappointed in everything).

What brings Onegin and Lensky closer? (Xvi) (They are brought together by the circle of socio-political, philosophical issues that was common to all advanced noble youth).

When do you meet Olga? Find its description. (XXI and XXIII)

A little boy, captured by Olga,

Without knowing heart pangs yet,

He was a witness moved

Her infant amusements;

In the shadow of a guardian oak forest

He shared her fun

And the crowns were predicted for the children

Friends-neighbors, their fathers.

In the wilderness, under the shame of the humble,

Full of innocent charm

In the eyes of her parents, she

Bloomed like a secret lily of the valley,

Unknown in the grass is deaf

Neither moths nor bees.

Always modest, always obedient,

Always fun as morning

As a poet's life is innocent,

Like a kiss of love is sweet;

Eyes like the sky are blue

Smile, linen curls,

Everything in Olga ... but any romance

Take it and find it right

Her portrait: he is very nice,

I used to love him myself,

But he bothered me immensely.

Let me, my reader,

Take care of the older sister.

It would seem that the poet admires the purity and charm of the heroine. Pushkin painted a magnificent portrait of an impeccable beauty, but still does not consider her an example of perfection and an object of admiration. What confuses the poet? What flaws do we see in this beauty standard? (XXIII)

but any novel

Take it and find it right

Her portrait: he is very nice,

I used to love him myself,

But he bothered me immensely.

Let me, my reader,

Take care of the older sister.

So, she was called Tatiana.

Not her sister's beauty,

Nor the freshness of her ruddy

She would not have attracted the eyes.

Dick, sad, silent,

As a forest doe is fearful,

She is in her family

She seemed like a stranger to a girl.

She didn't know how to caress

To his father, nor to his mother;

Child herself, in a crowd of children

I didn't want to play and jump

And often all day alone

She sat silently by the window.

How does Pushkin portray the Larins family? (XXIX) (Tatyana's father considered the books an empty toy, although he never read them himself, did not particularly care about his daughter, his wife loved Richardson. She was always dressed in fashion, she was taken to the crown, without asking her advice, she cried at first, with her husband a little did not get divorced, but then got used to it, took up the housework and discovered the secret of how to manage her husband).

Find the lines describing what the wife was doing behind her husband's back. (XXXII) (She spent expenses, gave her peasants to be soldiers, beat her maids in anger - all this without asking her husband).

How did her husband treat her? (XXXIV) (He loved her, believed her, and he himself ate and drank in his dressing gown).

How did they feel about Russian traditions? (XXXV) (They had pancakes for Shrovetide, fasted twice a year, and Trinity "shed three tears," at their table, guests were served dishes according to ranks).

Tatyana's father dies, his monument is visited by Vladimir Lensky. What is he remembering at this moment? (XXXVII) (He recalls how Dmitry held him in his arms, how he played with his medal, recalls that Dmitry wanted to give Olga for him).

4. Analysis of the third chapter of "Eugene Onegin".

- At the beginning of the third chapter, we learn that Lensky spends all his evenings with the Larins. What does Onegin say about this? (I) (He does not understand that a friend found something interesting in the society of this family, where there is only talk about "about rain, about flax, about a barnyard").

What does Lensky answer to this? (Ii) ("I hate your fashionable light, my home circle is dearer to me").Surprised Onegin asks to introduce him to this family.

How does Onegin get to know the Lensky family? (III) (When Onegin came to the Lenskys, they began to cook treats).

On the way back from the Larins, Onegin shares his impressions with Lensky (V)

Tell me: who is Tatiana? "

- Yes, the one that is sad

And silent, like Svetlana,

She entered and sat by the window. -

"Are you in love with the lesser one?"

- What? - "I would choose another,

If I was like you, a poet.

What does Onegin say about Olga? (V) (Olga has no life in her features, she is round, her face is red, like this stupid moon ").

What impression did Onegin's appearance make on the Lena? (Vi) (It was decided that Tatyana had a fiancé, it was even rumored that the matter had already been put together and that a wedding was about to be appointed).

But Tatyana is thinking about something else at this time. Find the lines confirming Tatyana's love for Onegin. (VII and IX) (The time has come, she fell in love. Now with what attention she reads a sweet novel, Yulia's lover Volmar, Malek-Adele and Werther put on a single image, merged in Onegin).

What feelings does Tatyana experience at this moment? (Xvi) (Feelings of longing and sadness).

What is Tatyana talking about with the nanny? (Xvii) (The nanny tells how she got married.

- So, apparently, God told. My Vanya

I was younger, my light,

And I was thirteen years old.

The matchmaker went for two weeks

To my relatives, and finally

My father blessed me.

I cried bitterly with fear

They unraveled my braid with a cry

Yes, they took me to church with singing.

Then the nanny notices that Tatiana is not listening to her. What does Tatyana answer to this? (XIX, XX) ("I'm not sick: I ... you know, nanny ... in love").

It should be noted that Tatiana's letter is a translation from French. Writing in French, thinking in a foreign language is an indicator of high education, which is typical for any Russian nobleman of that time.

What happens after Tatyana wrote the letter? (Having sealed the letter, Tatyana asks her faithful nanny to send her grandson with a letter to Onegin. A day passed, then another, but there was still no answer. Lensky arrives, but one).

What does Tatyana feel at this moment? (XXXVIII) (“The soul in her ached, and the languid eyes were full of tears”).

Suddenly she hears a horse tramp ... She runs into the garden and sees Eugene.

But the consequences of an unexpected meeting

Today, dear friends,

I cannot retell;

I owe after a long speech

And take a walk and relax:

I'll finish it later sometime.

III. Summarizing.

Today we have analyzed the characters of Tatyana and Olga, determined how they are different. Let's return to the meanings of Olga and Tatiana's names and answer the question whether the characters of the heroines coincide with the meaning of their names.

IV. Homework.

V. Estimates.

Language teacher: ________________________________

Methodist: _________________________________________

Analysis of the literature lesson "Tatiana's sweet ideal ..."

Literature lesson on the topic "Tatiana's sweet ideal ...". The theme corresponds to the thematic plan. This lesson is the third in the study of A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".

I have set the following goals:

Educational:

make a comparative analysis of the images of Tatiana and Olga;

Developing:

continue the development of figurative and analytical thinking, the ability to analyze, compare, generalize, systematize;

continue to develop the ability to work with text, quickly navigate in it.

Educational:

foster a love of art;

continue the formation of moral values.

The goals set for students contribute to the formation of positive motivation and an increase in interest in learning activities. When developing the lesson, the age characteristics of the students and the individual abilities of each were taken into account.

Lesson type: combined (teacher's story about the novel, analysis of the 2nd and 3rd chapters, expressive reading of excerpts).

During the lesson, the following teaching methods were applied:

1. Verbal (teacher's word).

2. Reproductive (storytelling).

3. Visual and illustrative (computer presentation slides).

4. Partially - search engine (finding keywords in the text).

5. Practical (reading text with stops)

The lesson was conducted taking into account the requirements from the standpoint of preserving the health of students. First, there was no overload of theoretical material; secondly, the types of learning activities were varied: listening, writing, reading, answering questions; third, various methods were used: visual, verbal, commented reading.

The classroom was prepared for the lesson. In order to save time, the necessary data was written on the board.

The lesson included the following steps:

1. Organizational moment (2 minutes);

2. Analysis of chapters dedicated to Tatiana and Olga (30 minutes);

3. Commented reading of the text (10 minutes);

4. Summing up and defining homework (3 minutes).

The lesson was started from the organizational moment. In addition to the mutual greeting of the teacher and students, the readiness of the students for the lesson was established, the topic was announced. The students wrote down in notebooks the number and topic of the lesson "Tatiana's sweet ideal ...".

The second stage of the lesson was the analysis of the 2nd and 3rd chapters of the novel "Eugene Onegin". Students answered questions and read passages from the text to prove their point.

In order to understand how well the students mastered the studied material, the lesson was summed up.

At the end of the lesson, grades were given, some students were given guidance and homework assigned.

The efficiency of students in the classroom was ensured through the use of innovative and communication technologies, creating a positive emotional mood and a favorable psychological atmosphere, choosing interesting, rich material that has theoretical, practical and cognitive significance.

Focusing on the level of training and speech abilities of students, I used a differentiated approach.

The effectiveness of the lesson is good.

Given the large class size, I tried to involve all students in different types of work, taking into account the level of their communication activity.

There was no overload of children.

Lesson objectives are solved. This was helped by a clear planning of the structure of the lesson, the use of various forms of teaching, carefully thought out methods and techniques for presenting educational material.

In my opinion, all stages of the lesson were successfully implemented.

During the lesson, I tried to build my speech competently, expressively, and politely. The lesson was constructed methodically competently: the presence of a clear structure, the implementation of each stage by appropriate methods.

Demanding and tactfulness characterized the attitude with children in the lesson. I tried to treat them good-naturedly, I reacted to their every question. Students, in turn, actively worked in the lesson, answered questions.

I believe that the lesson I taught was effective: the set goals were achieved, all stages were implemented, the time frame was met.

The main difficulties that I encountered in the lesson were the problem of simultaneous presentation of the material and control over discipline. Those guys who did not behave in the best way in the lesson, I tried to captivate them with work, I asked additional questions.

If I had the opportunity to teach this lesson again, then I would give advance assignments on the topic, in order to maximize the involvement of students in the work.

EI Bogomolova, TK Zharov, MM Kedrova "A manual on literature for students of preparatory departments of higher educational institutions - M., Higher school, 1986.

On some features of the system of images, plot and composition of the novel "Eugene Onegin"

Chapter two is devoted mainly to Lensky. Its content: Onegin's occupations in the village, his relationships with neighbors; characteristic of Lensky, Lensky's love for Olga; characteristics of Olga and Tatiana; characteristic of the Larins. The head is static, there is almost no movement in it. It is all built on the principle of parallelism: Onegin and Lensky, Lensky and Olga, Olga and Tatiana, Tatiana and Onegin.

Once in the village, Onegin becomes close to Lensky, and they become "friends with nothing to do". Lensky and Onegin are opposite in their perception of life, in relation to it: on the one hand, a romantic, idealizing life, on the other, a cold skeptic, disappointed in everything. “They got together. Wave and stone, poetry and prose, ice and fire are not so different from each other. " They are brought together by that circle of socio-political, ethical and philosophical issues, which was common to all progressive noble youth:

Between them everything gave rise to disputes And attracted to reflection: The tribes of the past treaties. The fruits of science, good and evil, And age-old prejudices, And the fatal secrets of the sepulcher, Fate and life in their own sequence, Everything was subjected to their judgment.

Another parallel: Lensky - Olga. They are not opposite, but they are not similar either. Olga is an ordinary, mediocre person, although she is very sweet:

Always modest, always obedient, Always, like morning, cheerful, Like a poet's life is innocent, Like a kiss of love is sweet; The eyes are blue like the sky. Smile, flaxen curls, Movements, voice, light camp, Everything is in Olga ... but any novel Take and find her portrait correctly ...

And when then Onegin says about her:

Olga has no life in her features. Just like in Vandikova Madona: She is round, with a red face, Like this stupid moon In this stupid sky, -

we will not be offended together with Lensky, but we will be on the side of Onegin.

It is not yet clear how Olga could become the subject of the poet's mad love. They are similar only in one thing: in a thoughtless attitude to the object of their love.

Ah, he loved, as they do not love in our years; as one Crazy soul of a poet Still condemned to love.

The thirst for love, the desire to be loved, characteristic of a young age (Lensky is not yet eighteen years old), do not allow Lensky to discern that Olga is not worth the kind of love he, a poet, is capable of. It is understandable why he "answered dryly" to Onegin's remark-question: "Are you really in love with a lesser one? .. I would have chosen another, if I were like you, a poet." And Lensky, in fact, did not choose:

A little youth, captured by Olga, Without knowing the torments of heart, He was a witness touched by Her infant amusements; In the shadow of the guardian oak forest, He shared her amusements, And the neighbors, their fathers, predicted crowns for the children.

This is his state of mind: it does not matter whom to love, as long as to love and be loved. This is what Onegin calls "the fever of youth."

And Olga loves Lensky because she wants to love, because she sees, feels his love for himself. She does not even suspect what kind of fire she has lit in the poet's soul; she does not have access to such subtle reflections of him as, for example: "He believed that his own soul should unite with him." And it is not surprising that, after mourning his death, Olga soon marries an uhlan: she is driven by the same need to love and be loved.

Lensky and the Narrator ... The narrator is critical of Lensky as a romantic poet and judges his poetry for being empty and sweet:

So he wrote darkly and listlessly. (What we call romanticism. I don't see romanticism here at all ...)

But Lensky is dear to him as a person of a special mentality; he liked his spiritual subtlety, "an ardent and rather strange mind":

The purpose of our life for him Was a tempting riddle, Above it he racked his head And suspected miracles.

Lensky is close to the Narrator and his poetic inspiration. The narrator loves his own youth in him, loves in him that state of mind that irrevocably disappears over the years - a state of sublime dreaminess. Not everyone is given to experience such a state in their youth, and whoever experienced it values \u200b\u200bit at least as a memory. Isn't that why Onegin listens to Lensky so indulgently:

He listened to Lensky with a smile. The poet's ardent conversation, And the mind, still in judgments unsteady, And the eternally inspired look, - Everything was new to Onegin; He was a cooling word In his lips he tried to keep And thought; it is foolish for me to interfere with His momentary bliss; And without me the time will come; Let him live for the time being. Yes, he believes the world to perfection; Forgive the fever of young years And youthful fever and young delirium

Let's try, looking ahead, to figure out what the death of Lensky means. Lenskoye personifies a special state of mind, characteristic of youth. He leaves life just as naturally as this wonderful time leaves a person's life. Therefore, his death is described in such a touchingly sublime manner:

Onegin fired ... The clock struck: the poet Silently drops the pistol, He quietly puts his hand on his chest And falls. Foggy gaze Depicts death, not torment. So slowly along the slope of the mountains, In the sun sparkling sparks, A lump of snow falls down. Instant cold doused, Onegin hurries to the young man, Looks, calls him ... in vain: He's gone. Young singer Found an untimely end! The storm died, the beautiful color Faded at dawn, The fire on the altar went out! ..

The author “takes” Lensky out of life because he is interesting and dear to him (and to the reader) only by his state of mind as a youthful eminence. This state is not permanent. In what direction could Lensky develop?

Perhaps he was for the good of the world, Or even for glory he was born, His silent lyre Rattling, continuous ringing For centuries could raise. (...) Or maybe that: the poet Ordinary was waiting for the destiny. The youths of the summer would have passed: In him the ardor of the soul would have cooled. In many ways, he would have changed, Used to part with the muses, get married.

Two possible paths of Lensky's life are outlined by the author: one is the path of a great poet or a major public figure, the other is the ordinary lot of a landowner of the Manilov type. Both lead to destruction: the first - to the physical, the second - to the moral. Lensky, on the other hand, "brought fruits of learning from foggy Germany: freedom-loving dreams, an ardent and rather strange spirit."

The tragic death of Lensky is outlined in the epigraph to the sixth chapter. “Where the days are cloudy and short, a tribe will be born that does not hurt to die” (Petrarch). And here is how AI Hertz explains the inevitability of the tragic death of Lensky: “Next to Onegin, Pushkin put Vladimir Lensky, another victim of Russian life, the other side of Onegin. This is acute suffering next to chronic. This is one of those chaste, pure natures who cannot acclimate to a depraved and insane environment; having accepted life, they can no longer receive anything from unclean soil, except death. These youths - atoning sacrifices - young, pale, with the seal of fate on their brows, pass like a reproach, like a pang of conscience, and the sad night in which 'they existed' becomes even blacker. "

Well, if your young friend is slain with your pistol, With an indiscreet glance, or with an answer, Or with some other trifle who has offended you over a bottle, Or even proudly summoned you to battle in ardent vexation, Tell: your soul What feeling will take possession, When motionless, on earth Before you with death on his brow, He gradually stiffens, When he is deaf and silent At your desperate call? In anguish of heart pangs, Hand gripping a pistol, Looks at Lensky Eugene.

Third parallel: Tatiana - Olga. Here they are given as natures opposite in external and internal appearance:

So, she was called Tatiana. Neither the beauty of her sister, nor the freshness of her ruddy Do not attract her eyes. Dika, sad, silent As a forest doe, fearful. She was in her own family She seemed a stranger to a girl. She did not know how to caress her father or her mother; The child herself, in the crowd of children Didn't want to play and jump And often sat all day alone by the window.

Finally, the fourth parallel: Tatiana - Onegin. They have never met yet, but in our reader's perception they turned out to be close: we guessed that there would be another line of love relationships, and not because we were "prompted" by the Larins' neighbors, but because the author's description of Tatyana in a certain way correlates with the author's characteristic of Onegin.

What do they have in common? These are: Tatiana's originality - Onegin's “inimitable strangeness”; her dreaminess is his "involuntary devotion to dreams"; she is bored in society - he is unsociable and breaks ties with neighbors; "Her pampered fingers did not know needles" - "hard work was sick to him."

No less important is what distinguishes them from each other: Tatiana's closeness to the folk foundations of life - Onegin's isolation from the folk roots; simplicity, ignorance of deception, gullibility of Tatiana - wisdom from Onegin's life experience; Tatiana knows no disappointments - Onegin is fed up with life, chilled, disappointed. These are the differences that can be drawn from the first two chapters. In subsequent chapters, they will be revealed more deeply, as well as similarities.

The Larins' characterization is also given according to the principle of parallelism. It corresponds in our view with the characteristics of St. Petersburg light, just left by Onegin. We wonder whether Onegin will be touched by the Larins' sweet simplicity, whether he will understand what is dear to the Narrator in this family, whether he will notice the customs of the common people of antiquity, or destroy everything with his skeptical, arrogant look.

Where does the Narrator fit into the second chapter? He openly declares himself only in the last stanzas, echoing the last stanzas of the first chapter: the same reasoning about the fruits of poetic labor, but more broadly - about the meaning of life. An easy life is not for the Narrator - he "understands its insignificance", he would be sad to leave the world "without an inconspicuous trace":

I live, I do not write for praise; But I would, it seems, would like to glorify my sad lot, That about me, as a faithful friend, Reminded at least a single sound.

A dispute between friends erupted at the moment when Stolz once again calls Oblomov somewhere to go, to do something, and they drive around for a whole week on all sorts of business. “Oblomov protested, complained, argued, but was carried away and accompanied his friend everywhere,” the author writes. But the next evening, "returning from somewhere late," Oblomov exploded: "I don't like this life of yours in St. Petersburg!" After Stolz's question: "Which one do you like?" - Oblomov burst out with a sharp, caustic and long monologue about meaningless vanity, in which there is no "wholeness" and there is no person who "exchanged for every little thing." Oblomov's long satirical speeches expose light and society, and gambling games without the "task of life", and youth activities, and the absence of a "clear, calm look," and "deep sleep," in which the really fussy and active is immersed in first glance, society. In this monologue, only occasionally interrupted by Andrei with short, sharp objections or questions, Oblomov's remarkable mind and satirical talent is revealed.

Ilya Ilyich's monologue ends with a key phrase: "No, this is not life, but a distortion of the norm, the ideal of life, which nature has indicated as a goal for man ..." To Andrey's question, what is this ideal, Oblomov found an answer not immediately, but only after a long dialogue with short remarks from both. Stolz in this dialogue ironically mocks Oblomov's awkward attempts to explain at least something to a friend, but then, apparently infuriated by this irony, Ilya Ilyich begins to describe in detail how he would “spend his days”. This description is long, kind and poetic, even a dryish Stolz remarks: "You're a poet, Ilya!" Inspired, Oblomov, who seized the initiative at this time of the conversation, exclaims: “Yes, a poet in life, because life is poetry. People are free to distort it. " Oblomov's ideal is not in immobility, which he seems to have plunged into now, Ilya in this story, on the contrary, is very mobile and poetic, this ideal is that everything should be "to your liking", sincerely, honestly, freely, measuredly, "what's in eyes, in words, then in the heart. " And he, Oblomov, actively participates in this life: he makes and gives his wife a bouquet, conducts a conversation with sincere friends, fishes, takes a gun, although, of course, Oblomov's immobility and gluttony often slip in this story. "This is life!" - sums up Oblomov and immediately stumbles upon an alternative answer: "This is not life!" And it is at this moment that the word "Oblomovism", which is uttered by Stolz, appears on the stage of the novel for the first time. Then, with each new objection from Oblomov, he repeats this word in different interpretations, without finding more convincing arguments against Oblomov's logic that all of Stoltsev's “running around in launches” is the same “dressing-up of rest”, has the same goal: “Everything looking for rest and peace. "

Here Stolz still manages to seize the initiative by reminding him of the joint dreams of his youth, after which Oblomov's confidence disappears, he begins to speak unconvincingly, with numerous pauses (the author uses ellipses), hesitations. He still sluggishly resists: "So when to live? .. Why should I suffer the whole century?" Stolz replies dryly and meaninglessly: "For labor itself." Here, too, the author is not on Stolz's side, because work as an end in itself is really meaningless. In fact, the heroes at this moment remain in their positions. And here Stolz again uses the only winning technique - once again reminds Ilya of childhood, dreams, hopes, ending these reminders with a supporting phrase: "Now or never!" Reception works flawlessly. Oblomov is moved and begins his sincere and pure confession about the absence of a high goal, about the extinction of life, about the loss of pride. "Either I did not understand this life, or it is good for nothing, and I knew nothing better ..." Oblomov's sincerity unsettled Andrey's soul, he seemed to swear to a friend "I will not leave you ..." At the end of the 4th chapter it seems that the fight remained with Stolz, but at the beginning of the 5th there is a comic decline and, in fact, the destruction of this "victory".

Stolz's Alternative "Now or Never!" goes for Oblomov into Hamlet's question “To be or not to be?”, but at first Oblomov wants to write something (to start acting), took the pen, but there was no ink in the inkwell, and paper in the table, and then, when it seemed , decided to answer Hamlet's question in the affirmative, "I got up from the chair, but did not immediately hit the shoe with my foot, and sat down again." The lack of ink and paper and not falling into a shoe return Oblomov to his former life.

There will still be the whole story with Olga ahead, the internal struggle in Oblomov's soul is far from over, but in the history of the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz, and in the possible fate of Oblomov after this scene, accents have already been placed. Even I. Goncharov himself, who believed in the possibility of combining Oblomov's soulfulness with Stoltsev's efficiency and practicality in a Russian person, seems to understand at this moment of his narration that the heroes will remain where they are: neither from Oblomov, nor from Stolz, as the author originally wanted , such an ideal will not work. One will be hindered by laziness, contemplation and poetry, which are incompatible with everyday everyday heroes, the other - winglessness and refusal from all reflections on the meaning of life. The author and the reader are painfully aware after this dispute that the true ideal, which would combine purity and efficiency, is unattainable. That is why, despite the fact that the heroes still face many challenges, this debate about the ideal can be considered a key episode of the novel. This will happen later, when each of the heroes will find their own "peace": Oblomov - first a cozy and satisfying, but devoid of poetry house of Agafya Matveyevna Pshenitsyna, and then death, and Stolz - a quiet haven with Olga suffering from the loss of the meaning of life, in time of his possible happiness with Oblomov.

In an episode of a dispute between friends, the main question is the purpose and meaning of a person's life, and it is this question that is decisive for the whole novel. As a true great artist, I. Goncharov poses this eternal question, and leaves the answer open. Therefore, it should be admitted that no one won the dispute between friends in the considered episode of the great novel.

Eugene Onegin reflected the whole life of Russian society at the beginning of the 19th century. However, two centuries later, this work is interesting not only in historical and literary terms, but also in terms of the relevance of the questions that Pushkin posed to the reading public. Everyone, opening the novel, found something of their own in it, empathized with the heroes, noted the lightness and mastery of style. And quotes from this work have long become aphorisms, they are pronounced even by those who have not read the book itself.

A.S. Pushkin created this work for about 8 years (1823-1831). The history of the creation of "Eugene Onegin" began in Chisinau in 1823. It reflects the experience of Ruslan and Lyudmila, but the subject of the image was not historical and folklore characters, but modern heroes and the author himself. Also, the poet begins to work in line with realism, gradually abandoning romanticism. During the period of Mikhailovsky exile, he continued to work on the book, and completed it already during his forced imprisonment in the village of Boldino (Pushkin was detained by cholera). Thus, the creative history of the work has absorbed the most "fertile" years of the creator, when his skill evolved at a breakneck pace. So his novel reflected everything that he learned during this time, everything that he knew and felt. Perhaps the work owes its depth to this circumstance.

The author himself calls his novel "a collection of variegated chapters", each of the 8 chapters is relatively independent, because the writing of "Eugene Onegin" lasted a long time, and each episode opened a certain stage in Pushkin's life. The book came out in parts, the release of each became an event in the world of literature. The full edition was only published in 1837.

Genre and composition

A.S. Pushkin defined his work as a novel in verse, emphasizing that it is lyric-epic: the storyline, expressed by the love story of the heroes (epic beginning), is adjacent to digressions and author's reflections (lyrical beginning). That is why the genre "Eugene Onegin" is called a "novel".

Eugene Onegin consists of 8 chapters. In the first chapters, readers get to know the central character Eugene, move with him to the village and meet their future friend, Vladimir Lensky. Further, the drama of the narrative increases due to the appearance of the Larin family, especially Tatiana. The sixth chapter is the culmination of the relationship between Lensky and Onegin and the flight of the protagonist. And in the finale of the work, the storyline of Eugene and Tatiana ends.

Lyrical digressions are connected with the narrative, but it is also a dialogue with the reader, they emphasize the "free" form, the proximity to intimate conversation. The same factor can explain the incompleteness, openness of the finale of each chapter and the novel as a whole.

About what?

A young, but already disillusioned with life, a nobleman inherits an estate in the village, goes there, hoping to dispel his blues. begins with the fact that he was forced to sit with a sick uncle, who left his family nest to his nephew. However, the village life soon bored the hero, his existence would have become unbearable if not for his acquaintance with the poet Vladimir Lensky. Friends are "ice and fire", but differences did not interfere with friendly relations. will help you figure it out.

Lensky introduces a friend to the Larin family: an old mother, sisters Olga and Tatiana. The poet has long been in love with Olga, a windy coquette. The character of Tatiana, who herself falls in love with Eugene, is much more serious and whole. Her imagination has long drawn a hero, it only remains for someone to appear. The girl suffers, is tormented, writes a romantic letter. Onegin is flattered, but realizes that he cannot respond to such a passionate feeling, therefore he gives a harsh rebuff to the heroine. This circumstance plunges her into depression, she anticipates trouble. And the trouble really came. Onegin decides to take revenge on Lensky because of an accidental disagreement, but chooses a terrible means: flirts with Olga. The poet is offended, challenges yesterday's friend to a duel. But the culprit kills the "slave of honor" and leaves forever. The essence of Eugene Onegin is not even to show all this. The main thing worth paying attention to is the description of Russian life and the psychologism of the characters, which develops under the influence of the depicted atmosphere.

However, the relationship between Tatyana and Eugene is not over. They meet at a social evening, where the hero sees not a naive girl, but a mature woman in full splendor. And he falls in love himself. He is also tormented and writes a message. And he meets the same rebuke. Yes, the beauty has not forgotten anything, but it's too late, she is "given to another":. A failed lover is left with nothing.

The main characters and their characteristics

The characters of Eugene Onegin are not a random selection of characters. This is a miniature of Russian society of that time, where all the known types of noble people are scrupulously listed: the poor landowner Larin, his secular wife, who descended in the village, the sublime and bankrupt poet Lensky, his windy and frivolous passion, etc. All of them represent imperial Russia during its heyday. No less interesting and distinctive. Below are the characteristics of the main characters:

1. Eugene Onegin is the main character of the novel. He carries in himself dissatisfaction with life, fatigue from it. Pushkin tells in detail about the environment in which the young man grew up, about how the environment shaped his character. Onegin's upbringing is typical of the nobility of those years: a superficial education aimed at being successful in a decent society. He was being prepared not for real business, but exclusively for social entertainment. Therefore, in my youth I was tired of the empty shine of balls. He has a "soul of direct nobility" (feels friendly affection for Lensky, does not seduce Tatyana, using her love). The hero is capable of a deep feeling, but is afraid of losing his freedom. But, despite the nobility, he is an egoist, and narcissism is the basis of all his feelings. The essay contains the most detailed characterization of the character.
2. It is very different from Tatyana Larina, this image appears to be ideal: a whole, wise, devoted nature, ready for anything for love. She grew up in a healthy environment, in nature, and not in the light, so real feelings are strong in her: kindness, faith, dignity. The girl loves to read, in books she has drawn a special, romantic, mysterious image. It was this image that was embodied in Eugene. And Tatiana gave herself up to this feeling with all passion, truthfulness and purity. She did not seduce, did not flirt, but took the liberty of confessing. This brave and honest deed did not find a response in Onegin's heart. He fell in love with her seven years later, when she shone in the light. Glory and wealth did not bring happiness to the woman, she married the unloved, but courtship of Eugene is impossible, family vows are sacred to her. More on this in the essay.
3. Tatyana's sister Olga is not of much interest, there is not a single sharp corner in her, everything is round, it's not for nothing that Onegin compares her to the moon. The girl accepts Lensky's courtship. And any other person, because, why not accept, she is flirtatious and empty. A huge difference is immediately observed between the Larin sisters. The youngest daughter went to her mother, a windy socialite who was forcibly imprisoned in the village.
4. However, the poet Vladimir Lensky fell in love with the flirtatious Olga. Probably because it is easy to fill the void with your own content in dreams. The hero was still burning with a hidden fire, he felt subtly and analyzed little. Moral concepts are high in him, therefore he is alien to the light and is not poisoned by it. If Onegin talked and danced with Olga only out of boredom, then Lensky saw betrayal in this, his former friend became an insidious tempter of a sinless girl. In the maximalist perception of Vladimir, this is at once a break in relations and a duel. The poet lost in it. The author raises the question, what could await the character if the outcome was favorable? The conclusion is disappointing: Lensky would have married Olga, would have become an ordinary landowner and vulgarized in routine vegetation. Also you may need.

Topics

• The main theme of the novel "Eugene Onegin" is extensive - it is Russian life. The book shows the way of life and education in society, in the capital, village life, customs and occupations, typical and at the same time unique portraits of characters are drawn. Almost two centuries later, the characters contain features inherent in modern people, these images are deeply national.
• The theme of friendship is also reflected in Eugene Onegin. The main character and Vladimir Lensky were in close friendship. But can it be considered real? They met for the occasion, out of boredom. Eugene was sincerely attached to Vladimir, who, with his spiritual fire, warmed the hero's cold heart. However, just as quickly he is ready to offend a friend, flirting with his beloved, who is happy about it. Eugene thinks only of himself, he absolutely does not care about the feelings of other people, so he could not keep a friend.
• Love is also an important theme of the work. Almost all writers talk about it. Pushkin was no exception. True love is expressed in the image of Tatiana. It can develop in spite of everything and remain for life. No one loved or will love Onegin as much as the main character. Having missed this, you remain unhappy for life. In contrast to the sacrificial, all-forgiving feelings of the girl, Onegin's emotions are pride. He was frightened by a timid girl who fell in love for the first time, for the sake of which it would be necessary to throw out the disgusted, but familiar light. But Eugene was subdued by the cold secular beauty, who to visit is already an honor, not just love her.
• The topic of an extra person. The spirit of realism appears in the works of Pushkin. It was the environment that raised Onegin so disappointed. It was they who preferred to see superficiality in the nobles, the direction of all their efforts to create secular brilliance. And nothing else is needed. On the contrary, education in folk traditions, the society of ordinary people made the soul healthy, and the whole nature, like Tatyana's.
• Loyalty theme. Tatiana is faithful to her first and strongest love, and Olga is frivolous, changeable and ordinary. Larina's sisters are completely opposite. Olga reflects a typical secular girl, for whom the main thing is herself, the attitude towards her, therefore, you can change if there is a better option. As soon as Onegin said a couple of pleasant words, she forgot about Lensky, whose affection is much stronger. Tatyana's heart is true to Eugene all his life. Even when he trampled on her feelings, she waited a long time and could not find another (again, unlike Olga, who quickly consoled herself after Lensky's death). The heroine had to get married, but in her heart she continued to be faithful to Onegin, although love was no longer possible.

Problems

The problematic in the novel "Eugene Onegin" is very indicative. It reveals not only psychological and social, but also political shortcomings and even whole tragedies of the system. For example, the outdated, but no less terrible, drama of Tatiana's mother is shocking. The woman was given into marriage involuntarily, and she broke down under the onslaught of circumstances, becoming an evil and despotic mistress of the hated estate. But what topical problems he raised

• The main problem that is raised in all realism in general, and by Pushkin in Eugene Onegin in particular, is the destructive influence of secular society on the human soul. A hypocritical and greedy environment poisons the individual. It imposes external requirements of decency: a young man must know a little French, read a little fashionable literature, be decently and expensively dressed, that is, make an impression, seem, and not be. And all the feelings here are also false, they only seem. That is why secular society takes the best from people, it cools the brightest flame with its cold deception.
• Yevgenia's blues is another problematic issue. Why does the main character get depressed? Not only because he was spoiled by society. The main reason is that he does not find an answer to the question: why all this? Why does he live? To go to theaters, balls and parties? The absence of a vector, a direction of movement, an awareness of the meaninglessness of existence - these are the feelings that embrace Onegin. Here we are faced with the eternal problem of the meaning of life, which is so difficult to find.
• The problem of selfishness is reflected in the image of the protagonist. Realizing that no one would love him in a cold and indifferent world, Eugene began to love himself more than anyone else in the world. Therefore, he does not care about Lensky (he only dispels boredom), about Tatyana (she can take away freedom), he thinks only of himself, but for this he is punished: he remains completely alone and is rejected by Tatyana.

Idea

The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe novel "Eugene Onegin" is to criticize the existing order of life, which condemns more or less outstanding natures to loneliness and death. After all, there is so much potential in Eugene, but there is no case, only secular intrigues. How much spiritual fire is in Vladimir, and besides his death, only vulgarization in a feudal, stifling environment can await him. There is so much spiritual beauty and intelligence in Tatyana, and she can only be the mistress of secular evenings, dress up and conduct empty conversations.

People who do not think, do not reflect, do not suffer - these are those for whom the existing reality suits. This is a consumer society, which lives at the expense of others, which shines at a time when those "others" vegetate in poverty and filth. The thoughts over which Pushkin pondered deserve attention to this day, remain important and urgent.

Another meaning of Eugene Onegin, which Pushkin laid down in his work, is to show how important it is to preserve individuality and virtue when temptations and fashions are rampant around them, which subdue more than one generation of people. While Eugene was chasing new trends, pretending to be the cold and disappointed hero Byron, Tatiana listened to the voice of her heart and remained true to herself. Therefore, she finds happiness in love, albeit unrequited, and he is only boredom in everything and everyone.

Features of the novel

The novel "Eugene Onegin" is a fundamentally new phenomenon in the literature of the early 19th century. He has a special composition - this is a "novel in verse", a lyric-epic work of large volume. In lyrical digressions, the image of the author, his thoughts, feelings and ideas, which he wants to convey to readers, emerges.

Pushkin amazes with the lightness, melodiousness of his language. His literary style is devoid of ponderousness, didacticism, the author is able to speak about complex and important things simply and clearly. Of course, a lot needs to be read between the lines, since the harsh censorship was ruthless to geniuses, but the poet was also not a bastard, so he was able to tell in the elegance of verse about the socio-political problems of his state, which were successfully hushed up in print. It is important to understand that before Alexander Sergeevich, Russian poetry was different, he made a kind of "game revolution".

The feature is also in the image system. Eugene Onegin is the first in the gallery of "superfluous people", which contains a huge potential, unable to find embodiment. Tatyana Larina “raised” female images from the place “the main character needs to love someone” to an independent and integral portrait of a Russian woman. Tatiana is one of the first heroines who looks stronger and more significant than the main character, and does not hide in his shadow. This is how the direction of the novel "Eugene Onegin" manifests itself - realism, which more than once will open the topic of an extra person and touch upon the difficult fate of women. By the way, we also described this feature in the essay "".

Realism in the novel "Eugene Onegin"

"Eugene Onegin" commemorates Pushkin's transition to realism. In this novel, the author for the first time raises the topic of man and society. Personality is not perceived separately, it is part of a society that educates, leaves a certain imprint or completely shapes people.

The main characters are typical, but unique at the same time. Eugene is an authentic secular nobleman: disappointed, superficially educated, but at the same time not like those around him - noble, intelligent, observant. Tatiana is an ordinary provincial young lady: she was brought up on French novels, filled with the sweet dreams of these works, but at the same time she is a “Russian soul”, a wise, virtuous, loving, harmonious nature.

It is precisely in the fact that for two centuries readers see themselves and their acquaintances in the heroes, it is in the inescapable relevance of the novel that its realistic orientation is expressed.

Criticism

The novel "Eugene Onegin" evoked a great response from readers and critics. According to E.A. Baratynsky: "Each of them interprets in his own way: some praise, others scold and read everything." Contemporaries scolded Pushkin for the "labyrinth of retreats", for the insufficiently spelled out character of the protagonist, for the negligence of the language. The reviewer Faddey Bulgarin, who supported the government and conservative literature, was especially distinguished.

However, V.G. Belinsky, who called it "the encyclopedia of Russian life," a historical work, despite the absence of historical characters. Indeed, a modern lover of fine literature can study Eugene Onegin from this point of view to learn more about the noble society of the early 19th century.

And a century later, the comprehension of the novel in verse continued. Yu.M. Lotman saw complexity and paradox in the work. This is not just a collection of quotes familiar from childhood, it is an "organic world". All this proves the relevance of the work and its significance for Russian national culture.

What does it teach?

Pushkin showed the life of young people, how their fate can develop. Of course, fate depends not only on the environment, but also on the heroes themselves, but the influence of society is indisputable. The poet showed the main enemy that amazes young nobles: idleness, aimlessness of existence. The conclusion of Alexander Sergeevich is simple: the creator urges not to limit himself to secular conventions, stupid rules, but to live a full life, guided by moral and spiritual components.

These ideas remain relevant to this day, modern people often face a choice: live in harmony with themselves or break themselves for some benefit or public recognition. Choosing the second path, chasing illusory dreams, you can lose yourself and find with horror that life is over, and nothing has been done. This is what you need to fear most.

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