march 02 2011

Writers at all times thought about humanism. In the XX century, the humanistic theme sounded in works dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War.

War is. It brings destruction and sacrifice, separation and death. Millions of people were orphaned at that time. War is inhuman: it kills a person. He is required to be cruel and evil, to forget about moral laws and God's commandments.

The answer to this question can be found in the story of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man". The main character of the work is the chauffeur Andrey Sokolov. It is in his actions that the humanistic theme is reflected.

The ordinary soldier had to go through a lot. He was wounded three times, was taken prisoner ("whoever did not experience this on his own skin, you will not immediately enter into the soul so that he humanly understands what this thing means"), all the horrors of concentration camps ("They beat easily for to someday kill him to death, to choke on his last blood and die from the beatings. "). Andrey's family was killed: “A heavy bomb hit my hut. Irina and her daughters were just at home ... they did not find a trace of them. " The son, "the last joy and last hope", is killed by a German sniper "exactly on May 9, on Victory Day. "From such a blow, Andrei" darkened in his eyes, his heart sank into a ball and does not open in any way. "

These difficult troubles and hardships became a real test for the Sholokhov hero - a test of humanity. His eyes, which, as you know, are the mirror of the soul, although “as if sprinkled with ashes,” but still there is neither vindictive misanthropy, nor a poisonous-skeletal attitude towards life, nor cynical indifference. Fate “distorted” Andrey, but could not break, kill the living soul in him.

With his story, Sholokhov refutes the opinion of those who believe that fortitude and courage do not get along with tenderness, responsiveness, affection, kindness. On the contrary, he believes that only strong and unyielding people are capable of showing humanity, as if it were a "sign" of this nature.

Sholokhov deliberately does not show the details of front-line life, camp ordeals, wanting to focus on depicting the "climax" moments when the character of the hero, his humanity are manifested most strongly and vividly.

So, Andrei Sokolov withstands the "duel" with the Lagerfürrer with honor. The hero manages, even for a moment, to awaken something human in the Nazis: Mueller, in recognition of his soldier's valor (“So that I, a Russian soldier, could drink for the victory of German weapons ?!”) saves Andrey and even presents him with “a small loaf bread and a piece of bacon. " But the hero understood: the enemy is capable of any deceit and cruelty, and at that moment, when a shot in the back could have thundered, it flashed in his head: "He will light up me now between the shoulder blades and will not tell the guys these grubs." In a moment of mortal danger, the hero thinks not about his life, but about the fate of his comrades. Mueller's gift was "shared without offense" ("all equally"), although "each of them got a piece of bread from a matchbox ... well, lard ... - just anoint your lips." And such a generous act the Sholokhov's hero does without hesitation. For him, this is not even the only correct, but the only possible solution.

War is inhuman, so situations arise that require solutions on the verge of cruelty and humanism, on the verge of what is permitted and what is not allowed ... in normal conditions. Andrei Sokolov underwent such a test of moral principles, finding himself forced to deal with Kryzhnev in order to save the platoon - "snub-nosed boy." Is killing a person humane? For Sholokhov, under the circumstances, the strangulation of Kryzhnev, a traitor who is guided by the principle "his shirt is closer to the body", has a "humanistic legitimacy." The writer is convinced that the emotional responsiveness and tenderness, the ability to active (precisely active) love, shown by Andrei Sokolov when he encounters kind, just people who need his protection, is the moral basis of irreconcilability, contempt, courageous firmness (ability to step over the moral law - to kill) in relation to cruelty and betrayal, lies and hypocrisy, and allodia and cowardice.

That is why, trying to convince the reader of the humanity of Andrei's act, Sholokhov creates “Comrade Kryzhnev” as exclusively negative, trying to evoke contempt, hatred for the traitorous “big-faced”, “fat gelding”. And after the murder, Andrei “felt unwell,” “he wanted to wash his hands terribly,” but only because it seemed to him that “he was strangling some creeping bastard,” and not a person.

But the hero performs both a truly humanistic and civil feat. He adopts a "little ragamuffin", a little orphan: "It will never happen that we disappear separately." “Distorted”, “crippled by life” Andrei Sokolov does not try to motivate his decision to adopt Vanyushka philosophically, for him this step is not connected with the problem of moral duty. For the hero of the story, “protecting the child” is a natural manifestation of the soul, the desire for the boy's eyes to remain clear, “like a sky,” and the fragile soul not to be disturbed.

Andrei gives his son all his unspent love and care: "Go, dear, play near the water ... Just look, don't get your feet wet!" With what tenderness he looks at his blue "little eyes". And "the heart departs", and "it becomes joyful in the soul, which cannot be said with words!"

Having adopted a boy who no one needs, but in whose soul there was hope for a "good lot," Sokolov himself becomes the personification of the indestructible humanity of the world. Thus, in the story "The Fate of a Man" he showed that despite all the hardships of the war, personal losses, people did not grow cold in heart. They are able to do good, strive for happiness and love.

At the beginning of the story, the author calmly tells about the signs of the first post-war spring, as if he prepares us for a meeting with the main character, Andrei Sokolov, whose eyes are “as if sprinkled with ashes, filled with inescapable mortal longing”. Sholokhov's hero recalls the past with restraint, weary, before confession he "hunched over", put his big, dark hands on his knees. All this makes us feel how tragic the fate of this person is.

Before us passes the life of an ordinary person, the Russian soldier Andrei Sokolov. From childhood he learned how much "a pound of dashing", fought in civilian. A modest worker, a father of a family, he was happy in his own way. The war broke this man's life, tore him away from his home, from his family. Andrei Sokolov goes to the front. Since the beginning of the war, in its very first months, he was twice wounded and shell-shocked. But the worst thing awaited the hero ahead - he was taken prisoner by the Nazis.

The hero had to endure inhuman torment, hardship, torment. For two years Andrei Sokolov steadfastly endured the horrors of fascist captivity. He tries to escape, but unsuccessfully, deals with the coward, the traitor, who is ready to save his own skin and betray the commander. Self-esteem, tremendous fortitude and endurance were revealed with great clarity in the moral duel between Sokolov and the commandant of the concentration camp. An exhausted, exhausted, exhausted prisoner is ready to meet death with such courage and endurance that it amazes even a fascist who has lost his human appearance.

Andrei still manages to escape, and he becomes a soldier again. More than once death looked into his eyes, but he remained human to the end. And yet the hero's most serious test fell to the lot when he returned home. Having emerged victorious from the war, Andrei Sokolov lost everything he had in his life. In the place where the house, built by his hands, stood, a crater from a German aerial bomb darkened ... All members of his family were killed. He says to his casual interlocutor: "Sometimes you do not sleep at night, you look into the darkness with empty eyes and think:" Why did you, life, cripple me so? " I have no answer either in the dark or in the clear sun ... "

After everything that this man has experienced, it would seem that he should have become embittered, hardened. However, life could not break Andrei Sokolov, it wounded, but did not kill the living soul in him. The hero gives all the warmth of his soul to the orphan Vanyusha, adopted by him, a boy with “eyes as bright as a sky”. And the fact that he adopts Vanya confirms the moral strength of Andrei Sokolov, who, after so many losses, managed to start life anew. This person conquers grief, continues to live. “And I would like to think,” Sholokhov writes, “that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will endure, and around his father’s shoulder will grow up one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything, overcome everything on his way, if his Motherland calls for this” ...

Mikhail Sholokhov's story "The Fate of Man" is imbued with a deep, light faith in man. Its title is symbolic: it is not just the fate of soldier Andrei Sokolov, but about the fate of a Russian man, a simple soldier who endured all the hardships of the war. The writer shows at what a huge price the victory in the Great Patriotic War was won and who was the real hero of this war. The image of Andrei Sokolov instills in us deep faith in the moral strength of the Russian person.

Need a cheat sheet? Then save - "The theme of war and humanism in Sholokhov's story" The Fate of Man. " Literary works!

1. (49 words) In Turgenev's story "Asya", Gagin showed humanity when he took an illegitimate sister under his care. He also called a friend for a frank conversation about Asya's feelings. He understood that the hero would not marry her, and did not insist. The caring brother just tried to get out of the situation so that the girl would not be hurt.
2. (47 words) In Kuprin's story "The Miraculous Doctor" the hero saves an entire family from starvation. Doctor Pirogov accidentally meets Mertsalov and learns that his wife and children are slowly dying in a damp basement. Then the doctor gave them medicine and money. In this act, the highest manifestation of humanity is visible - mercy.
3. (50 words) In Tvardovsky's poem "Vasily Terkin" (chapter "Two Soldiers"), the hero comforts two old men and helps them with the housework. Although his life is harder, because Vasily is fighting at the front, he does not complain and does not grab, but helps older people in word and deed. In war, he still remains a respectful and well-mannered person.
4. (48 words) In Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" the hero is not likened to a cruel enemy, but remains the same kind and sympathetic Andrei Sokolov. After the trials of captivity and the loss of his family, he adopts an orphan and begins a new life. In this willingness to revive a peaceful sky above my head and in my soul, I see a manifestation of humanity.
5. (44 words) In Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter" Pugachev saves the life of his opponent for reasons of humanity. He sees that Peter is worthy of this mercy, because he is kind, courageous and devoted to his fatherland. The ataman judges with justice, paying tribute even to the enemy. This skill is the peculiarity of a decent person.
6. (42 words) In Gorky's story "Chelkash", a thief is more human than a peasant. Gavrila was ready to kill his accomplice for the sake of money, but Chelkash did not stoop to this baseness, although he was engaged in theft. He throws the prey and leaves, since the main thing in a person is dignity.
7. (42 words) In Griboyedov's play Woe from Wit, Chatsky expresses his humanity when he stands up for the rights of serfs. He understands that it is immoral and cruel to own people. In his monologue, he denounces serfdom. It is because of such conscientious nobles that the position of the common people will subsequently significantly improve.
8. (43 words) In Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog" the professor makes a fateful decision for humanity: he stops his experiment, recognizing that we have no right to interfere so radically in the affairs of nature. He repented of his mistake and corrected it. His humanity is the pacification of pride for the common good.
9. (53 words) In Platonov's "Yushka", the protagonist put all his money aside to help the orphan get an education. His entourage did not know this, but regularly mocked the wordless victim. After his death, people found out why Yushka looked so bad, where did he put the earned pennies. But it's' too late. But the memory of his humanity is alive in the heart of the blessed girl.
10. (57 words) In Pushkin's story "The Stationmaster", Samson Vyrin treated everyone passing humanly, even though they took out all their anger on him. Once he sheltered a sick officer and treated him as best he could. But he answered with black ingratitude and took his daughter away, deceiving the old man. Thus, he deprived his sons of their grandfather. So humanity should be valued, not betrayed.

Examples from life, cinema, media

1. (48 words) Recently I read a whole article in the newspaper about how young men save girls in trouble. They rush to the aid of a stranger without expecting a reward. This is humanity in action. Criminals are imprisoned, while women remain alive, all thanks to selfless intercessors.
2. (57 words) I can think of examples of humanity from my personal life. The teacher helped my friend to his feet. His mother drank, but his father was not at all. The boy himself could have walked the crooked path, but his class teacher found his grandmother and made sure that the student lived with her. Years passed, and he still remembers and visits her.
3. (39 words) In my family, humanity is the rule. My parents feed the birds in the winter, donate money for surgery to sick children, help an old neighbor with heavy bags and pay utility bills. When I grow up, I will also continue these glorious traditions.
4. (52 words) My grandmother taught me humanity from childhood. When she was asked for help, she always did everything in her power. For example, she hired a person without a fixed abode, thereby bringing him back to life. He was given service housing, and soon he was already visiting his grandmother with gifts and gifts.
5. (57 words) In a magazine I read how a girl with a popular social media account posted there an ad for a stranger where she was looking for a job. The woman was over 50, she was already desperate to find a place, when suddenly a wonderful offer came. Thanks to this example, many people were inspired and began to do good deeds. This is true humanity, when a person changes society for the better.
6. (56 words) My older friend is studying at the institute, where he enrolled in a circle of volunteers. He went to the orphanage and organized a matinee there in honor of the new year. As a result, the abandoned children received gifts and performances, and my friend received indescribable emotions. I believe that in any university, this is how people should be taught humanity, giving them a chance to prove themselves.
7. (44 words) In Steven Spielberg's film Schindler's List, the hero, despite the policy of Nazi Germany, recruits Jews, thereby saving them from martyrdom. His actions are guided by humanity, because he believes that all people are equal, all are worthy of life, and no one can dispute this.
8. (47 words) In Tom Hooper's Les Miserables, the criminal and villain is actually a humane and merciful man who takes custody of an unfamiliar orphan girl. He manages to raise a child and run from the police at the same time. For her sake, he takes a mortal risk. Such selfless love can only be done by man.
9. (43 words) In Henry Hathaway's Call the Northside 777, an innocent hero goes to jail. His mother tries in vain to find the real criminals. And the journalist decided to help her completely disinterestedly, getting involved in the investigation. In this case, he demonstrated his humanity, because he did not pass by someone else's misfortune.
10. (44 words) My favorite actor Konstantin Khabensky spends most of his fees on charity. With these actions, he inspires the audience to act according to their conscience and help each other in trouble, not only in word, but also in deed. I respect him immensely for that, and I believe that he is driven by humanity.
Interesting? Keep it on your wall!

At all times there were people who resigned themselves to the strength and inevitability of circumstances and were ready to accept fate with their heads down as it is. But at all times there have been people who are ready to fight for their happiness, people who do not want to endure injustice, people who have nothing to lose. We can meet such people on the pages of Alexander Pushkin's story "Dubrovsky".

The situation described at the beginning of the work is difficult for the peasants of Kistenevka. The dearly beloved and immensely respected by them master died, unable to bear the vile and cunning intrigues of his former friend, the landowner Troyekurov. Troyekurov himself, with the help of bribes and bribery, took possession of Kistenevka, and now, according to the law, the peasants became the property of this tough and despotic landowner, famous not only for his wealth, but also for his ignorance and tyranny. Vladimir Dubrovsky, the son of the late owner of Kistenevka, also cannot accept the idea that in the house where he spent his childhood, where his mother and father died, there will be a man who is guilty of all the misfortunes that befell his head. Dubrovsky decides to burn down the house and hide. Many peasants who have shown their dissatisfaction with the current situation follow him. Using respect and authority among the men, the protagonist of the story organizes a detachment of robbers. In an effort to restore justice, they rob the rich, set their houses on fire. Of course, all these often brutal measures could not return what they had lost, but these were real, albeit erroneous, steps towards a new future.

• Heartlessness manifests itself even in relation to very close people
• Lust for profit often leads to heartlessness and dishonesty.
• The mental callousness of a person complicates his life in society
• Upbringing is the root of a heartless attitude towards others.
• The problem of heartlessness, mental callousness can be characteristic not only of an individual person, but also of society as a whole.
• Difficult life circumstances can make a person heartless
• Often mental callousness manifests itself in relation to moral, worthy people
• The person admits that he was heartless when nothing can be fixed
• Mental callousness does not make a person truly happy
• The consequences of being callous about people are often irreversible.

Arguments

A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". The conflict between Andrey Dubrovsky and Kirill Petrovich Troekurov ended tragically because of the callousness and heartlessness on the part of the latter. The words spoken by Dubrovsky, although they were offensive to Troekurov, were definitely not worth the abuse, dishonest trial and death of the hero. Kirill Petrovich did not regret his friend, although in the past they were connected by many good things. The landowner was guided by heartlessness, a desire for revenge, which led to the death of Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. The consequences of what happened were terrible: officials burned down, people were left without their real master, Vladimir Dubrovsky became a robber. The manifestation of mental callousness of just one person made the lives of many people unhappy.

A.S. Pushkin "The Queen of Spades". Hermann, the protagonist of the work, acts heartlessly, makes the desire to get rich. To achieve his goal, he appears to be a fan of Lizaveta, although in fact he has no feelings for her. He gives the girl false hopes. Penetrating into the countess's house with the help of Lizaveta, Hermann asks the old woman to reveal the secret of three cards to him, and after her refusal, he pulls out an unloaded pistol. Graphia, very much frightened, dies. The deceased old woman comes to him a few days later and reveals a secret, provided that Hermann will not bet more than one card a day, in the future he will not play at all and marry Lizaveta. But the hero does not expect a happy future: his heartless actions serve as a reason for retribution. After two wins, Hermann loses, which makes him go crazy.

M. Gorky “At the Bottom”. Vasilisa Kostyleva has no feelings for her husband, except for hatred and complete indifference. Wanting to inherit at least a small fortune, she very easily decides to persuade the thief Vaska Ash to kill her husband. It's hard to imagine how heartless a person must be to come up with such a plan. The fact that Vasilisa was not married for love does not in the least justify her act. A person must remain a person in any situation.

I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco". The theme of the death of human civilization is one of the main topics in this work. The manifestation of the spiritual degradation of people lies, among other things, in their spiritual callousness, heartlessness, and indifference towards each other. The sudden death of the Master from San Francisco is not compassionate, but disgust. During his lifetime, he is loved for money, and after death he is heartlessly removed to the worst room so as not to spoil the reputation of the institution. Even a normal coffin cannot be made to a person who has died in a foreign country. People have lost their true spiritual values, which were replaced by the thirst for material gain.

K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". Life full of deeds and events captivates Nastya so much that she forgets about the only person truly close to her - old mother Katerina Petrovna. The girl, receiving letters from her, is also glad that her mother is alive, but she does not think about more. Even a telegram from Tikhon about the poor state of Katerina Petrovna Nastya does not read and perceive immediately: at first she does not understand at all who it is about. Later, the girl realizes how heartless her attitude towards her loved one was. Nastya goes to Katerina Petrovna, but does not find her alive. She feels guilty towards her mother who loved her so much.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's yard". Matryona is a person you rarely meet. Without thinking about herself, she never refused to help strangers, treated everyone with kindness and sympathy. People did not respond in kind to her. After the tragic death of Matryona, Thaddeus thought only about how to win back part of the hut. Almost all relatives came to cry over the woman's coffin only for duty. They did not remember Matryona during her lifetime, but after her death they began to claim the inheritance. This situation shows how callous and indifferent human souls have become.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The heartlessness of Rodion Raskolnikov was expressed by his desire to test his terrible theory. Having killed the old woman-pawnbroker, he tried to find out to whom he refers: to "trembling creatures" or "those who have the right." The hero failed to maintain his composure, to accept what he had done as right, which means that he is not characterized by absolute mental callousness. The spiritual resurrection of Rodion Raskolnikov confirms that a person has a chance for correction.

Yu. Yakovlev “He killed my dog”. The boy, showing compassion and mercy, brings a stray dog \u200b\u200bto his apartment. His father does not like this: the man demands to drive the animal back into the street. The hero cannot do this, because “she was already kicked out”. The father, acting completely indifferent and indifferent, calls the dog to him and shoots him in the ear. The child cannot understand why an innocent animal was killed. Together with the dog, the father kills the child's faith in the justice of this world.

ON. Nekrasov “Reflections at the front door”. The poem depicts the harsh reality of that time. The life of ordinary men and officials, who spend their lives only in pleasure, is contrasted. High-ranking people are heartless because they are indifferent to the problems of ordinary people. And for an ordinary person, the decision by an official of even the smallest issue can be salvation.

V. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow". Lena Bessoltseva voluntarily took responsibility for a very bad act, to which she had nothing to do. Because of this, she was forced to endure humiliation and bullying from her classmates. One of the most difficult for the girl was the test of loneliness, because it is difficult to be an outcast at any age, and even more so in childhood. The boy who actually did the act did not muster the courage to confess. Two classmates who learned the truth also decided not to interfere with the situation. The indifference and heartlessness of those around him made the person suffer.

Humanity is one of the most important and at the same time complex concepts. It is impossible to give it an unambiguous definition, because it manifests itself in a variety of human qualities. This is the desire for justice, and honesty, and respect. Someone who can be called human is able to take care of others, help and take care of others. He can see the good in people, emphasize their main advantages. All this can be confidently attributed to the main manifestations of this quality.

What is humanity?

There are many examples of humanity from life. These are both heroic actions of people in wartime, and very insignificant, it would seem, actions in ordinary life. Humanity and kindness are expressions of compassion for others. Motherhood is also synonymous with this quality. After all, every mother actually sacrifices to her baby the most precious thing she has - her own life. The opposite of humanity is the brutal cruelty of the fascists. A person only has the right to be called a person if he is able to do good.

Dog rescue

An example of humanity in life is the act of a person who saved a dog in the subway. Once a stray dog \u200b\u200bappeared in the lobby of the Kurskaya station of the Moscow metro. She ran along the platform. Maybe she was looking for someone, or maybe she was just chasing the departing train. But it so happened that the animal fell onto the rails.

There were many passengers at the station then. People were frightened - after all, less than a minute remained before the next train arrived. The situation was saved by a brave police officer. He jumped onto the tracks, grabbed the unlucky dog \u200b\u200bunder his paws and carried him to the station. This story is a good example of humanity from life.

New York teenager act

This quality is not complete without compassion and goodwill. There is a lot of evil in real life nowadays, and people should show compassion to each other. An illustrative example from life on the topic of humanity is the act of a 13-year-old New Yorker named Nach Elpstein. For a bar mitzvah (or coming of age in Judaism), he received 300 thousand shekels as a gift. The boy decided to donate all this money to Israeli children. Not every day you can hear about such an act, which is a true example of humanity from life. The sum went to the construction of a new generation bus for the work of young scientists on the periphery of Israel. This vehicle is a mobile classroom that will help young learners become true scientists in the future.

An example of humanity in life: donation

There is no more noble deed than giving your blood to another. This is a real charity, and everyone who takes this step can be called a real citizen and a person with a capital letter. Donors are strong-minded people with a kind heart. An example of the manifestation of humanity in life is the resident of Australia, James Harrison. He donates blood plasma almost every week. For a very long time he was awarded a kind of nickname - "The Man with the Golden Hand". After all, blood was taken from Harrison's right hand more than a thousand times. And for all the years that he has been donating, Harrison has managed to save more than 2 million people.

In his youth, the hero donor underwent a complex operation, as a result of which he had to remove a lung. He managed to save his life only thanks to donors who donated 6.5 liters of blood. Harrison never recognized the saviors, but decided that he would donate blood for the rest of his life. After talking with doctors, James learned that his blood type was unusual and could be used to save the lives of newborn babies. Very rare antibodies were present in his blood, which are able to solve the problem of incompatibility of the Rh factor in the blood of the mother and the embryo. Because Harrison donated blood every week, doctors were able to constantly make new doses of vaccine for such cases.

An example of humanity from life, from literature: Professor Preobrazhensky

One of the most striking literary examples of possessing this quality is Professor Preobrazhensky from Bulgakov's "Heart of a Dog". He dared to challenge the forces of nature and turn a street dog into a man. His attempts were defeated. However, Preobrazhensky feels responsible for his actions, and does his best to turn Sharikov into a worthy member of society. This reveals the highest qualities of the professor, his humanity.