The smells of essential oils are volatile compounds of complex chemical structure. All fragrances have certain properties. The smells of essential oils affect our nervous system, metabolism, emotional and physical state.
Essential oils are obtained in a variety of ways. Basically, it is a method of distillation over steam. Another method is cold pressing. Essential oils are extracted from citrus fruits by cold pressing. The third way is called enfleurage.
Essential oils are lighter than water, so you need to know the intricacies of using aroma oils. The basis of aromatic oils is volatile organic compounds, "ether", as the ancients said. Not all plants can extract ether. On this basis, plants are divided into ether-bearing and non-ether-bearing.
About 3,000 plants grow on earth, from which essential oil can be isolated. Also, not all essential oils have therapeutic properties. Aromatherapy is a complex and interesting science that has come to us from time immemorial.
The scent of an essential oil works differently
The scents of essential oils are absorbed into the body by inhalation or by direct contact with the skin and eventually enter the circulatory system. Aromatic essential oils affect our well-being and mood in different ways.
There are hundreds of essential oils available to the average consumer. Only 100% natural concentrates have healing properties. Buying cheap synthetic analogues does not make sense. Aromas of essential oils will be beneficial if you have insomnia, help with headaches, improve the condition of the skin and hair, and cheer you up.
Secrets of scents of essential oils
We will reveal some secrets of the main essential oils. It is impossible to list all the smells and their main therapeutic properties. Let's take a look at the most famous ones. Let yourself relax and inhale the healing aroma.
Aroma of orange blossom soothes, relaxes, improves sleep. This is the oil of joy and performance. It is useful to inhale the aroma of sweet orange in winter and autumn. The joyful sweet smell uplifts and gives hope. Before going to bed, put a few drops on a tissue and inhale. The smell of orange promotes fast falling asleep.
Smell of yling ylang considered an aphrodisiac. Ylang-ylang improves mood, relieves stress. The aroma of ylang-ylang stimulates sexual desire. Increases self-confidence and reduces irritability. It is believed that the smell of ylang-ylang attracts love. Often found in massages, shower gels and bubble baths.
Jasmine essential oil relaxes, balances, destroys unpleasant odors. For cosmetic purposes, it improves the condition of dry skin. Used for meditation, as it promotes deep relaxation. It is considered an erotic stimulant, reduces female frigidity. Enhances sexual desire.
The smell of lavender helps with headaches. Lavender essential oil stimulates a good mood, helps to fall asleep quickly and forget about sorrows. An effective insect repellent with a bactericidal effect. Ideal for sensitive skin care. Improves digestion.
The smell of rosemary is a natural energizer, stimulates the body's defenses, relaxes muscles, and helps digestion. The smell is bitter-spicy. Used in skin care. Has antibacterial properties. Included in the gels and creams for resorption of scars. Softens rough skin.
Eucalyptus essential oil has medicinal properties. The smell of eucalyptus is resinous and tart, makes breathing easier, cleans the air. Increases efficiency, relieves drowsiness. It has antiseptic and bactericidal properties. Included in massage oils, warms up the muscles. The smell of eucalyptus repels insects, deodorizes the air.
Pine has a bitter and resinous smell. The aroma of pine disinfects, helps with fatigue and insomnia. The healing smell of pine facilitates breathing and helps with coughing. Inhalation of pine aroma is useful for colds and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system.
essential oil of lemon refreshes and tones. The smell of lemon is fresh, with notes of slight bitterness. Helps with headaches, promotes a surge of strength and positive emotions. Used in skin whitening creams. Softens rough areas of the skin. When added to shampoo, it helps eliminate dandruff. Strengthens nails. It has an immunostimulating effect.
Mint tones, neutralizes the smell of tobacco, strengthens the nervous system. The smell of mint is fresh, menthol. Mint restores strength, reduces nervous excitement. Has antipyretic properties. Relieves fatigue and headaches. Effective for nausea, dizziness, seasickness.
Neroli is considered a feminine oil and an aphrodisiac. Stimulates sexual desire in men and women. Added to massage oil, emphasizes femininity, liberates the imagination. It has a complex magical aroma. Helps with insomnia and nervous excitability. Included in cosmetics.
How to choose your essential oil scent
The main way to choose an essential oil is your own positive experience. Like or dislike method. If the smell of an essential oil leaves you indifferent, then this is not the oil for you. The smell of oil is a concentrate of essential volatile compounds.
When you first meet, you should not bring an open jar of essential oil too close to your nose, it may be a shock. Concentrated essential oils, if accidentally ingested, can cause a toxic reaction, skin burns, or a rash. It is worth starting acquaintance with the smell with one drop of oil.
Before you read the instructions for use and properties. If you have an allergic predisposition, then you should check the aroma for tolerance. To do this, put a drop on a handkerchief or napkin and inhale throughout the day.
Then check for skin reaction. Pure essential oil should not be applied directly to the skin. It should be mixed with any vegetable oil one drop of ether to 5 drops of base oil and applied to the wrist area. See reaction.
The cost of essential oils
The cost of natural 100% concentrate depends on several reasons. The most expensive are rose and jasmine oils. The production uses manual labor and tons of fresh flower petals to produce one kilogram of absolute oil.
The cost is determined by the % content of organic aromatic substances, the rarity of the plant and labor costs. The mechanism of action of essential oils on the body is very complex. Most oils have immunostimulating, bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects on humans.
Many organic components of the ether are similar to hormones. Consciously or unconsciously, these smells are used by humanity in erotica. The main "erotic" smells of essential oils are neroli, orange, patchouli, ylang-ylang, myrrh, sandalwood, jasmine, bergamot, nutmeg, rose.
A gift to all blog readers, Aphrodite's perfume recipe. Create your own erotic perfumes that attract love and men.
Oil Perfume - Aphrodite's Love Belt
According to the myth, Aphrodite always wore a magical belt that exuded an enchanting fragrance. No man could resist the scent of love. According to the legend, the magical fragrance consisted of neroli, ylang ylang, orange, jasmine... the rest of the ingredients are unknown to us... Try to combine scents together and you can create a love potion!
Base oil 5 ml: jojoba or argan oil.
Essential oils 4 drops each: ylang-ylang, patchouli, neroli (can be replaced with sweet orange).
Pour 5 ml (teaspoon) of essential oil into a small dark glass bottle. Add four drops of essential oils. Let it brew for a few days. The flavors blend and balance. Test Aphrodite's recipe on the man you love.
Surely many people remember the dialogue between the heroes of Andrei Mironov and Vyacheslav Innocent from the movie "Beware of the Car". In this scene, the garage technician had to identify car malfunctions by ear, touch and smell. Meanwhile, the method of diagnosing malfunctions by smell is not fiction.
What smells: petrol or diesel
The "aroma" of fuel in the cabin is the most recognizable and most dangerous. As soon as you feel that the car began to smell of gasoline, stop immediately, turn off the engine and try to find the place of the fuel leak, because there is a considerable risk of fire. First, look under the car: the probability of damage to the fuel line that goes from the tank to the engine is not great, because it has additional protection, but still exists. Inspect the same place in the tank area. It happens that the tank is damaged by stones flying out from under the wheels. If the car is dry and there is no obvious fuel leak, then the next place to look is the engine compartment. Carefully inspect the engine for fuel leaks around the injector or carburetor. Often the junctions of the inlet and outlet hoses flow. From shaking and vibration, the clamps give slack, and the hose may begin to slide from the connection point. If there is no obvious weakening in these nodes, carefully inspect the hoses themselves. Over time, they can begin to crack and ooze under pressure. Naturally, in this case, they are subject to immediate replacement. However, we often owe our forgetfulness to the smell of gasoline in the cabin. A forgotten or not tightened gas tank cap at a gas station can also cause an unpleasant odor. And the gloves that many put on before taking up the filling nozzle, and then put in the pocket of the door, can also exude an unpleasant smell. You can also drag the smell of fuel into the cabin on shoes. This is especially true for those who drive diesel cars, since diesel fuel does not disappear as quickly as gasoline, and bringing spilled fuel into the cabin on the sole is as easy as shelling pears.
What it smells like: burnt plastic
This smell also does not bode well. As a rule, this indicates that something is wrong with the electrics in your car. Due to the fact that the entire car is entangled in electrical networks, it is quite difficult to determine the source of the smell. And the first thing to do in this case is to disconnect the battery. It is enough to throw off the negative terminal, so that later you can calmly sniff the entire car without fear of burning it due to a short circuit. If the smell is strong, then the wiring, after disconnecting the battery at the fault site, will smoke for some time. First of all, look at the fuse box - most often problems arise here. The windings of the starter or generator burn less often (the generator, as a rule, warns of its death with a warning lamp for not charging the battery on the instrument panel). It happens that in case of poor contact, the mass wires burn at the points of attachment to the body or engine. If the problem cannot be found and fixed, do not try to reach the service on your own. Call a tow truck and go for repairs on it. In this case, it is better not to connect the battery until the cause is clarified.
What smells: burnt oil
We all love fried food and we all know how burnt butter smells. But where can they smell in the car? First of all, from under the hood. Most likely in this case, the car has problems with the valve cover gasket. Oil flows out from under it and then, falling on a hot exhaust manifold, begins to burn on it. It happens that oil flows from under the oil filter and already there it gets directly to the exhaust system. Power steering systems can also leak. There is enough pressure in the system to throw oil on a hot exhaust system. In any case, a careful inspection of the car, including in the inspection hole, will give you the opportunity to find the leak. However, the smell of oil does not always indicate that something is wrong with the car. Often, during a scheduled oil and filter change during operation, part of the oil can also get into the exhaust system, and then make itself felt with an unpleasant odor for a couple of days.
What it smells like: syrup
A sweet smell in the car interior can appear at any time. Do not neglect them. Firstly, it makes it clear that you have a leak in the cooling systems, which is also heating. And secondly, antifreeze vapors are also poisonous. So, as soon as it began to seem to you that someone spilled sweet syrup in the car, immediately begin troubleshooting and troubleshooting. A clear smell indicates that there are problems with the heating system, because the radiator and the pipes suitable for it are located in the passenger compartment. A muffled smell that does not penetrate into the cabin when the air recirculation system is turned on indicates a coolant leak in the engine compartment. The pump can also leak, and since on many cars it is driven by the timing belt and hidden under the casing, in order to detect this malfunction, this casing will have to be dismantled. It's easier to notice a leak on the pipes, and the radiator is not so difficult to inspect. However, if there is a radiator of the air conditioning system in front of it, then even here it is impossible to do without dismantling. It also happens that the block itself or the cylinder head leaks.
What it smells like: damp
There are usually two reasons for this smell. The first is problems with the tightness of the car. It is because of its loss in rain and snow that moisture begins to enter the cabin. Gradually, it begins to impregnate the salon carpet, and that, in turn, “suffocate” without proper ventilation. Because the regular ventilation system can no longer cope with such a volume of moisture. In this case, there is nothing better than removing the floor carpet from the car (and at the same time, if possible, the wet noise insulation) and dry it thoroughly. In the meantime, it will dry, carefully inspect all seals for integrity and quality of their fit. You may even need to drive the car to the car wash for a while and find the place of the leak under artificial rain. Puddles on bare metal are clearly visible. The second reason could be the air conditioner. As a rule, if it has not been cleaned for a long time, then immediately after turning it off, the cabin begins to stink of “wet rags”. Periodic cleaning of the air conditioner, both by the forces of servicemen and by one’s own (and now it can be done without much labor), is a guarantee that there will be a healthy atmosphere in the car. However, it can also smell damp in the cabin directly from damp rags. Remember how long ago you washed your car and whether you squeezed the rags well. She probably also could "suffocate" and spread her fetid smell from a bucket in the trunk.
What it smells like: sulfur
So, as a rule, heated transmission oil smells. Therefore, it can flow from the transmission. And this can be both a gearbox and a transfer case, as well as a front or rear axle. Do not be lazy, look under the car: following the tracks on dry asphalt or sand, you can easily find a leak. If there are no traces on the ground, then pay attention directly to the components and assemblies. Over time, they become overgrown with road dirt, and if the leak is not obvious, then the oil literally soaks these deposits. On dirty, dried surfaces, fogging will be immediately visible.
What smells: rotten eggs
If in the cabin while driving or in the parking lot with the engine running, it began to smell like rotten eggs, then this is a problem with the catalyst. There are two ways to solve the problem - either change it to a new one, or get rid of it. The latter option at first glance is both simpler and cheaper, but we do not recommend resorting to it, because the power supply and exhaust system of the car are initially configured to work with a catalyst and in its absence problems may arise with an increase in fuel consumption and a drop in engine power. Yes, and according to environmental standards, you are unlikely to be able to pass the technical inspection legally.
What does it smell like: cardboard
If, while driving, you began to catch a smell remotely reminiscent of the smell of burnt cardboard, this indicates wear on the clutch disc. Sometimes you can get by with an adjustment to select the wear that has appeared, however, on most cars, the adjustment now occurs automatically and if the smell continues to pester you, then there is already a direct road to the service to replace the clutch disc, and if the car is no longer new, then the clutch baskets with release bearing. But how soon you will need to go there, you can already determine by the instruments. To do this, it is enough to drive the car onto a straight section of the road, accelerate to 60 km / h, engage direct gear (usually this is the fourth), and sharply press the gas pedal. If the engine roars, the speed on the tachometer jumps, but the speed of the car does not change or changes slightly, then you can immediately go to the service - the clutch disc is “killed”.
What it smells like: burnt rags
This smell indicates that you have problems with the brake system. And here, either there really is a malfunction, manifested in the fact that the brake pads are constantly pressed against the disc or drum, from which they begin to get very hot and “burn”. Or you just drove off, forgetting to release the car from the parking brake. So before sounding the alarm, check if your handbrake is tightened. If not, but it smells like burnt rags, touch the rims with your hands. The wheel with the problem is bound to be hotter than the others. And the run-out of a car with a soured brake cylinder or with caliper guides is much less than that of a serviceable one.
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What does the oil smell like?
One spring, at the hour of an unprecedented rainy sunset in Moscow, Alexander Adabashyan appears on the Patriarch's Ponds - the performer of the role of Berlioz in the film "The Master and Margarita". He does not know that Annushka had already spilled the oil ten minutes earlier.
And not one, but two. One of them was bought in a store, the other - at the factory from the manufacturer. The actor walks calmly through a puddle of oil from the supermarket. And it slips on spilled oil from the manufacturer. This is explained simply. The shelf life of the oil is one year. If it stands longer, it begins to deteriorate, becomes rancid. Damaged oil is more viscous. You won't even slip on it. The problem is that many oils do not have a production date, but a bottling date. And sometimes expired oil hits the shelves. Experts will tell us how to determine the freshness of the oil.
Oil. Without this product, it is impossible to cook almost any dish. It is fried in oil, baked, it is added to cereals, mashed potatoes, pasta and meat. Some prefer vegetable oil, others prefer butter. But few people realize that part of the oil that is sold in stores is not made from what it should be. Sunflower oil manufacturers have learned how to get from rapeseed. And olive - from sunflowers with flavorings. Butter is not whipped from cream, but from vegetable fats.
Kostya Turkin was hospitalized with an acute allergy attack. Doctors said it was a reaction to a substance found in rapeseed oil. Before that, mom really gave her son a salad. But it was filled not with rapeseed, but with sunflower oil. The rest of the oil was handed over to the laboratory. It turned out that it really is rapeseed.
According to experts, almost a quarter of the oil is not what manufacturers say it is. Especially often counterfeit olive oil. To test whether real olive oil can be distinguished by smell, we conducted an experiment. It was attended by a perfumer of one of the major companies. In the evening, his housekeeper prepared three identical salads and dressed them with three different oils. Can a perfumer tell a real oil from a fake one?
On fake oil, even the car does not drive well. We had races in vegetable oil. Instead of diesel fuel, we poured oil into the gas tanks of two Kamaz trucks. We poured oil from the market into the gas tank of one car, oil from the store into the gas tank of the other. Who will come to the finish line first?
The highest quality oil is extra virgin oil. Most of the nutrients get into it from the seed. Second pressing oil is cheaper. It usually goes to the production of refined oil. If the seeds are pressed a third time, the so-called third pressing oil is obtained. To squeeze the seeds, which have already been squeezed twice before, use gasoline and caustic soda. It turns out the so-called technical oil. It is used for filling lamps, in the automotive industry, etc. But sometimes third-pressed oil gets into bottles and is sold under the guise of ordinary sunflower oil. This is dangerous, as the technical oil contains residues of gasoline and caustic soda. You can distinguish third-pressed oil if you set it on fire. The third-rate little burns with a bright yellow flame.
Delicate, creamy, with a slight nutty flavor. We used to eat this butter when we were kids. It was made in accordance with GOST 37-91. It didn't contain any additives. Just cream and nothing else. Now only one oil is produced according to this recipe. Vologda. To find out how to distinguish real Vologda oil on the counter, we went to Vologda.
Mayonnaise. Proper mayonnaise should be 80% sunflower oil, the rest is egg yolks, mustard and acetic acid. To find out what mayonnaise is actually made of, what kind of oil is used in production, and what is used instead of eggs, our correspondent got a job in a mayonnaise production workshop.
How to find real butter, olive and sunflower oil on the counter? Which mayonnaise is safe? And what is the difference between light mayonnaise and fat mayonnaise? Experts of the Institute of Food Production, perfumers, employees of testing laboratories tell.
Producers: Andrey Sychev, Oleg Volnov
Director: Darel Gomoja
Written by: Ekaterina Pasternak
Vegetable oil
The shelf life of refined oil is 1 year, unrefined - 5 months. Storage periods must be observed very strictly. After all, under the influence of oxygen, the oil begins to oxidize, and free radicals are formed, which are the cause of premature aging of a person, and sometimes can lead to cancer.
It is not always possible to determine the freshness of the oil by the label. After all, it does not indicate the date of production, but the date of bottling. For example, in a harvest year, oil was squeezed out, stored in a barrel, and two years later it was bottled and put on sale. It turns out that the oil that is on the counter is already two years old, which means that it may well turn out to be rancid. The freshness of an oil can be determined by its appearance.
Take the bottle of oil from the shelf and look at the light. If you see sediment at the bottom or the oil is a little cloudy, then it is out of date.
Oil does not like air and light, so it is best to buy oil in dark glass bottles. An open bottle of oil is best stored in the refrigerator - it is dark and cold there, which means that the product will not oxidize.
The Habitat program decided to test the quality of the oil in another way - by arranging a truck race. Two cars must pass a regular track 40 kilometers long. True, on unusual fuel: instead of diesel, vegetable oil was poured into gas tanks. According to the mechanic, the oil must be clean, otherwise the engine will run intermittently. Fyodor's truck was fed with oil from the market, Ivan's car was fed with oil from the store. Whoever wins the race has better oil.
For the first 10 kilometers, the trucks went smoothly, but then a hill came across the road. It immediately became clear that Fedor's car was not pulling. The second truck was driving as if nothing had happened. After 30 kilometers, Fedor's car ran out of fuel, the second car was able to stretch another 5 kilometers. Why such a difference? The oil bottles seemed to be the same. On both sides there is an inscription: "Sunflower oil, refined, deodorized." To answer this question, both bottles were given for examination. It turned out that the sunflower oil that Fedor's car was filled with was diluted with cheaper palm oil.
The counterfeiting business is on the rise. Correspondents of "Habitat" found a market where they sell empty bottles and labels for sunflower oil for every taste. Here, the owners of many market stalls buy containers. They bring low-quality vegetable oil from abroad, bottle it and sell it. You can distinguish fake oil by the bottle, although not with a 100% guarantee.
The more complex the shape of the bottle, the more likely it is that there is real oil inside. As a rule, fake bottles are bottled in a simple form.
Sunflower seeds, soybeans and rapeseed are pressed not once, but several times. First-pressed oil is most valued - it contains many useful substances and vitamins. Second pressing oil is cheaper - it usually goes to the production of refined oil. Refining and deodorization - cleaning the oil with chemical reagents that remove free fatty acids and phospholipids from it. After processing, the oil practically loses its taste and smell. All refined, deodorized oils are like twin brothers. This is used by unscrupulous manufacturers. A bottle labeled "Sunflower" or "Olive" may well contain cheap palm or rapeseed oil.
Diathesis in Kostya Katurkin began at the age of 3. First, a rash appeared on the cheeks and palms, then eczema on the elbows and knees. A month later, the boy could not even sleep normally - his whole body was constantly itching. The doctor from the clinic advised to exclude all products in turn. Kostya's mother Polina did just that, but the allergy did not go away. After passing the tests, it turned out that it was an allergy to erucic acid. It is found in mustard, peanuts and peanut butter, and rapeseed oil. Erucic acid refers to unsaturated fatty acids, in large quantities causes disorders of the cardiovascular system and even cirrhosis of the liver. In little ones, it provokes allergies. In Europe, oils containing erucic acid are banned.
Polina was surprised: she really added vegetable oil to the puree, but only the oil was olive oil. She never bought rapeseed oil, she had never even heard of it. When Polina stopped giving her son a strange oil, the allergy disappeared, literally, it went away. Now Polina is dressing salads with sunflower oil.
Unscrupulous producers have learned to squeeze olive oil not from olives, but from seeds and even from rapeseed. Refined and deodorized sunflower oil is simply added with olive flavor and then poured into a green glass bottle. Some manufacturers honestly write that they sell a mixture of sunflower and olive oil. True, it is difficult to understand how much olive and how much sunflower is in a bottle.
Is it possible to distinguish real olive oil by smell? In order to test this, an experiment was carried out. Perfumer Oleg Chazov was given three identical salads dressed with three different oils for testing. The first salad is dressed with a mixture of sunflower and olive oil, the second - with olive oil bought at the market, the third - with olive oil from a well-known brand, bought at the store.
The first course is a salad dressed with olive oil from the market. Oleg feels a slight smell of fragrances. He puts the plate aside, the perfumer does not want to have dinner with this salad. The second course is a salad seasoned with a mixture of sunflower and olive oil. Oleg confirms: this is a mixture of oils. The last salad is dressed with extra virgin olive oil from a well-known brand. Oleg likes this gas station more than others.
The oil used to dress the salads was taken to the laboratory. They did not check the mixture of olive and sunflower oil - the manufacturer already indicated the composition on the label. The two remaining oils were sent for testing. Experts do not trust their sense of smell - they put bottles of oil in the freezer. The fact is that sunflower, corn, cottonseed or rapeseed oil solidifies at a temperature of minus 15-20 degrees, and olive oil begins to become cloudy at about +5-0 degrees. Two hours later, the experts took the oils out of the refrigerator. The more expensive oil began to solidify, sediment appeared, and the cheap olive oil remained liquid. This suggests that there is either very little or practically no olive oil.
You can check the olive oil that is on your table for yourself.
Pour olive oil into a glass and refrigerate. If after 15 minutes sediment appears at the bottom and the oil thickens, then this is real olive oil. If the consistency of the oil has not changed, it means that it was diluted with sunflower, rapeseed or soybean.
There is another way to check the quality of olive oil. The fact is that high-quality oil is well absorbed into the skin.
Put some oil on your hand and rub it in. If it immediately absorbs into the skin, then the oil is good.
"No cholesterol, rich in vitamin E" - this is the inscription on many bottles of vegetable oil. The paradox is that cholesterol is found only in animal products. Cholesterol in vegetable oil simply cannot be - it's like writing "Does not contain milk or sausage trimmings" on a bottle.
These inscriptions appear on the bottles for a reason. Manufacturers know perfectly well: it is worth writing "No cholesterol" on the label, and the oil can be sold more expensively. To verify this, "Habitat" conducted an experiment. Two types of sunflower oil labels were made: one is honest, it says that the bottle contains deodorized and refined sunflower oil. On the second label they wrote complete nonsense: "Contains vitamins A, B, C, D, D, Yu, Z", "Cleaned with milk." They pointed out that there are no harmful impurities in the oil - neither rainwater, nor polluted air, nor animal fats. And, of course, not a drop of cholesterol. Both those and other labels were pasted on the cheapest sunflower oil and put on the counter. They began to sell ordinary butter for 50 rubles, "refined milk" - for 70.
Oil "without rainwater and polluted air" was sold out much faster than usual, despite the fact that it costs 20 rubles more. Buyers were not embarrassed by the fact that the oil is "refined with milk" and "does not contain husks and rainwater." On the contrary, they considered it a sign of the quality of the product. The abundance of vitamins also did not bother anyone. Probably, "Yu", "I" are some new, hitherto undiscovered vitamins. And even the inscription that the oil is "produced in the ecologically clean meadows of Kapotnya" did not stop the buyers. The main thing is that there is no cholesterol, full of vitamins, and even purified with milk. Out of twelve customers, only one woman chose regular sunflower oil.
"Habitat" returned the money to all buyers and told them that there is no cholesterol in vegetable oils and that they cannot be refined with milk.
Butter
Butter is made from whipped milk cream, which is why it is called "butter". Delicate, with a slight nutty flavor - we ate such butter in childhood, it was made according to GOST 3791, there were no additives in it - only cream and nothing else. Now, according to this recipe, only one oil is produced - Vologda. The recipe for Vologda oil was invented by Nikolai Vereshchagin, the elder brother of the artist Vasily Vereshchagin. He suggested making butter from cream heated to a high temperature - this gave the butter a slight nutty flavor.
There are a lot of different oils on the store shelves: "Vologda lace", "Vologda gold", "Vologda", "Vologda". How to find the real one among this multitude of Vologda oils? To answer this question, the correspondents of "Habitat" went to the Vologda region. Real Vologda butter is made here. Every day, the best milk from Vologda cows is brought to the milk acceptance point, and it is heated to a high temperature. Which one, the manufacturers do not say, this is the main secret of the famous oil. The heated milk is sent for tasting. If the milk does not have a nutty flavor, it will be made into cottage cheese or kefir, the rest will be sent to the separator. Cream will be collected from milk and whipped; from 20 liters of milk, only 1 kilogram of butter will be obtained.
Only seven dairies can make real Vologda butter, all of them are located in the Vologda region. Any other oil is considered counterfeit. But many manufacturers go for a trick, for example, they produce oil "Vologda lace", "Vologda gold" or in general "Volgorodskoe". Rearranged extra letters - and this is no longer a fake, according to the law there is nothing to complain about. True, most buyers do not pay attention to these extra letters.
One word is written on real Vologda oil: "Vologda". The fat content is 82.5%, it is made and packaged in Vologda. You need to be careful with the expiration date: Vologda oil is stored for only 20 days.
Traditional, Amateur, Peasant, Sandwich and Tea. By our standards, all this is butter, by European standards - spreads. The fact is that, according to international standards, butter should be obtained only from cow's milk fat and have a fat content of at least 80%.
Traditional, Amateur and Peasant oils. According to the standard, food coloring and concentrates of lactic acid microorganisms can be added to them. Flavorings, preservatives, emulsifiers and stabilizers are allowed in Sandwich and Tea oils.
The fact that dyes and stabilizers can be added to modern oil is not so bad. Some manufacturers have learned to make butter without cream at all; instead of milk fat, they use sunflower seeds, rapeseed and soy. At the same time, the composition of the product says: "One hundred percent cream."
"Srabotaniya" bought 10 samples of butter in stores: butter in a package with the inscription "FIN" of the company "Valio"; butter "Peasant cream" of the company "Dairy product"; oil "Lakoma" produced by LLC "Bely Medved"; butter "Peasant butter" of the same company; oil "Volgorod traditions" made by OJSC "Ankovskoye" in the Ivanovo region; "Peasant sweet and creamy unsalted" of the Flagman company near Moscow; Butter "Prostokvashino" by "Unimilk"; "Peasant sweet and creamy unsalted" company "Five pluses"; butter firm "Nevsky cheeses"; oil "Valio" of the company of the same name.
All samples were taken to the laboratory and asked to check what the oil was made of. The test results surprised even the experts. Butter produced by OOO "Poly Bear" is not butter. In the butter of the company "Nevsky cheeses" and in the "Peasant sweet-creamy unsalted" of the Flagman company near Moscow, palm vegetable fat was found in the amount of 65-70% of the total fat content in the butter. This is not indicated on the packaging.
To understand the situation, "Habitat" turned to the manufacturers. We arrived in Dubna, where, judging by the labels, they made peasant oil from the Flagman company. But the representatives of the plant refused to talk to journalists - instead, private security was called. The results of the examination of this oil were transferred to the department for combating economic crimes, and a statement was written with a request to conduct an inspection at the plant.
The director of the Nevskiye Syry company agreed to give an interview by phone. He stated that this is a temporary measure due to the sharp increase in prices for butter and milk fat in the world, and that in the future the company will not offer the spread under the guise of butter.
Why did every second oil bought by "Habitat" turn out to be a spread? The fact is that according to the standard developed in 2008, oil is checked only for safety and compliance with the declared fat content. These indicators are in order for all samples, that is, the oil is safe and has the fat content indicated on the label. One small inconsistency: butter is not butter. It turns out that unscrupulous manufacturers add cheap vegetable fats to their product. They simply take advantage of the fact that no one checks the butter - in GOST there is not a word about the authenticity of butter.
How to distinguish real butter? The first way is heating.
Heat a piece of butter in a saucepan. If it is really creamy, then when heated, a precipitate of flakes will fall out at the bottom. If the mass remains homogeneous, then it is a spread or margarine.
Flakes are animal protein. The more flakes, the more natural cream the manufacturer used to make this butter.
The second method is a test with alcohol and sulfuric acid. This experience should not be repeated at home! The experiment was carried out by chemists in a special laboratory. A mixture of alcohol and sulfuric acid was poured into oil. Natural butter turned pink and then purple and began to smell like pineapples. The product, which contains vegetable fats, began to smell unpleasant after heating.
Heat a piece of butter in a frying pan. If a white foam with a pleasant smell appears, then the butter is really butter. If there is no foam, and the smell is unpleasant, it means that vegetable fats have been added to the product.
The third way is flying from a height. As part of the experiment, frozen butter was thrown from the sixth floor. Real oil broke into pieces like a crystal vase, and the spread was smeared on the asphalt. However, under normal conditions, in order to distinguish oil from non-oil, you do not need to throw it from the sixth floor.
Put the butter in the freezer for 3 hours, take it out, try to cut off a piece of butter with a knife. If it breaks off, then the oil is real. If the product cuts easily and smears on the knife, then it is a spread.
Butter Peasant, fat content 72.5% - the most popular brand, it is produced by almost all dairies in the country. To find out which Peasant Butter is of the highest quality, 10 butter samples were taken to the Vologda Butter Museum. The most important exhibit in the museum is fresh homemade butter. The museum staff beat it by hand every day, the process lasts 4 hours.
Museum workers were asked to try all the oil samples and choose the most Peasant among them. First, the experts tried "Peasant's Butter from Vologda" from the Vereshchagin Testing Plant. He was given 10 points. Then they tried "Special Peasant Butter", made at the Ilyinskoye production plant. Experts did not like this product. Upon closer examination, the label revealed the inscription in small letters: "Cream Spread". That is why this product was called not just "Peasant", but "Peasant Special".
The next sample is Peasant Sweet Cream Butter, manufactured by Ankovskoye OJSC (Ivanovo Region). This butter received 5 points out of 10. "Peasant Butter" made at the Vologda Dairy Plant received 6 points. Peasant butter "Prostokvashino" (manufacturer - "Unimilk") was rated at 9 points. But the butter produced at the dairy plant in Yanino received 0 points. The last sample - peasant butter "Five Pluses", made at the Ozeretsky Dairy Plant - scored 4 points.
After that, all samples of the oil were given a taste of the museum cat Vaska. But, no matter how hard the correspondents tried, the spoiled cat still chose homemade butter.
Did you buy spread instead of butter? Unpleasant, but, as they say, not fatal. Worse, if this oil turns out to be fake.
Margarine was made at the spread factory during the day, the composition was honestly written on the packaging: hydrogenated vegetable fat, milk fat, dyes, flavors, preservatives. Margarine was sold in stores for 10-15 rubles per pack. And after midnight, as if by magic, the plant was transformed: butter was made from expired margarine, it was already sold for 50 rubles per pack.
An examination of the seized samples of this dairy product showed that the product does not meet the safety requirements in terms of microbiological indicators. The composition was only a vegetable spread, the product was made from palm and coconut oils with the addition of aromatic substances.
Fake oil was supplied to the markets and shops of the Moscow, Bryansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Astrakhan regions, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories. The plant is now closed. Everything they could, the operatives confiscated from the shelves, the director of the plant faces three to five years under the article "Production and sale of goods that do not meet safety requirements."
This case is not uncommon. Every year, in the Moscow region alone, operatives close 5-6 underground workshops for the production of fake butter.
To find real butter, sunflower and olive oil on the counter, you need to remember a few tips.
Take the bottle of oil from the shelf and look at the light. If you see sediment at the bottom, then it is overdue.
Pour olive oil into a glass and refrigerate. If after 15 minutes sediment appears at the bottom and the oil thickens, then this is real olive oil.
Heat a piece of butter in a frying pan. If a white foam with a pleasant smell appears, then the butter is really butter.
Put the butter in the freezer for 3 hours, take it out, try to cut off a piece of butter with a knife. If it breaks off, then the oil is real. If the butter cuts easily and spreads across the knife, it's a spread.
These tips will help you get to know what real oil smells like.
The smell of the oil is woody, fresh, bitter, balsamic, reminiscent of wood, but drier.
The first impression of cedar is always misleading because of the unexpressed, “pressed down” top tone, in which one can even catch sour notes uncharacteristic for this fragrance. Superbly “awakens” the cedar pulsation complimentary.
Clean, deep, refreshing, woody, resinous, slightly spicy, sweetish scent with balsam and smoke.
The aroma is solemn and complex, to facilitate the perception of its aesthetics, you can add a compliment oil for the first two or three times -.
The smell is strong, pleasant, balsamic, spicy, sweet, warm, cozy, soft.
Easy, affordable and very beneficial. However, if you add a complimentary citronella, it will cause flashes of brilliant lightning in a rounded cinnamon sky.
It has a soft, fresh, subtle, light, clean, floral scent, like fresh flowers with a woody undertone.
Perception of smell is always perfectly calm.
The smell of the oil is warm, resinous, smoky, woody, sweet, spicy, balsamic with a lemon note.
The strictness and deep philosophy of this fragrance is taken in vain hard, because they require from us a greater depth of inhalation, a greater capacity of the soul and less dispersion in the world. Therefore, in order to comprehend the Great Aesthetics, it is required to begin your acquaintance with it alone.
Complementary wood is the fragrance that virtuously sings the "third" with incense and draws out an associative range of terry bass notes.
Levzeya
If you conduct a survey of the opinions of people who use fragrances, then exactly half of them are not fans of the smell of leuzea, while the other half this fragrance causes enthusiastic feelings. We can say that some disadvantage of leuzea in the eyes of people who prefer tart smells is the length and sweetness of the two upper tones.
The addition of a complimentary ylang fragrance turns the naive candy "babble" of the fragrance into a gourmand-seductive eloquence.
emits a unique fruity smell of fresh lemons, fresh, cold, bitter.
Light, accessible, as the aroma is generally accepted in everyday life. To eliminate the shade of oxidized metal in the lower tone, a complimentary addition of ylang is recommended.
The smell is light, cheerful, festive, gentle, warm, spicy, fruity-sweet, with floral notes, evoking sympathy from the first breath.
The smell is fresh, cool, morning, tonic, sweet, reminiscent of an aroma with floral tones, explosive, impetuous, sharp, concentrated, very stormy for a subtle sense of smell.
The complementary addition gives this fragrance an aristocratic sophistication.
The smell of the oil is fresh, clean, transparent, penetrating, gentle, spiritual, herbaceous, camphor-spicy, somewhat tart and bitter.
The aroma envelops with its tenderness and purity, causing the brightest and most spiritual associations. The only difficulty in the aroma is the light camphor of the first tone, which can be neutralized by adding a complimentary clove.
The smell of essential oil is warm, warming, pulsating, heady, intoxicatingly spicy, sweetish-tart, slightly musky, slightly peppery.
The harmony of warmth, bestowed by the aroma of Muscat, easily and gently envelops the mind. Usually this fragrance is admirable. But if spicy smells are not very close to you, a combination of nutmeg with a complimentary aroma - limette can help to open a source of pleasure in them.
The smell is very strong, dominant, fresh, ringing, invigorating, menthol, mint with a hint of camphor.
The smell is strong, penetrating, clean, fresh, cold, sweetish, spicy with camphor tones.
The essential oil has a five-tone aroma with a complex and multi-component aromatic pattern, very pleasant, fresh, spicy-aromatic, floral, evening, dry, pulsating, magical, hypnotically elusive.
Among many peoples, this magical fragrance is called gypsy because of its hypnotic elusiveness. The complexity and multi-composition of the aromatic pattern often deceive even those who constantly use it. The presence of two additional tones, on which our consciousness is not fixed during the long-term perception of the aroma, introduces “deceptive” shades into its perception. The flavor is always new. Usually everyone likes it. If associatively this fragrance is not yours, you can combine it with a complimentary limette.
The aroma is easy to perceive, despite even some bass timbre of the upper tone, which can be slightly increased by a complimentary grapefruit.
The essential oil smells strong, penetrating, oriental, nocturnal, mysterious, intimate, earthy, exotic, bitter-smoky, resinous-tart, woody-balsamic, at the same time sweetish and spicy with a touch of rotten leaves, raw wood and green grass; the aroma is complex, has an additional fourth tone - the tone of heat.
For Europeans, the ability to easily perceive it is a whole science. The first touch to the wise world can be started by adding a complementary to drain the marsh shade of the first tone.
It has a clean, fresh, cold, rich, spicy, tart, balsamic, resinous-coniferous smell, reminiscent of a fresh coniferous forest.
The smell of the oil is strong, fresh, clean, penetrating, warm, cozy, bitter, spicy, herbaceous-mint with a woody-camphor balsamic tint, refreshing and exciting.
Rose oil has a strong and pungent floral-pink, slightly sweet, somewhat spicy, tart, smoky, low, deep, bluesy, honey, delicate scent.
Perception is perfect. If the rose is too “dry” a floral scent, you can lightly sprinkle it with complimentary rain.
Chamomile smells deep-balsamic, sweetish-herbaceous with 
fruity note, hint of hay, tobacco and sweet spices, very persistent.
The aroma is very viscous, dense and dried. The first tone usually quickly tires. Only one complementary oil, petitgrain, can turn the felt fabric of the fragrance into the finest lace.
The smell of the essential oil is not very strong, but very persistent; does not have a single sharp and loud note, grows slowly, refined, deep, soft, tender, exotic, misty-musky, sweet-woody balsamic, delicate, complex philosophical, with two additional tones - a tone of heat and a tone of cold.
The aroma is very persistent and refined, it does not have a single sharp and loud note and grows slowly, like trees grow. For people with an ordinary sense of smell, who prefer flashy smells, the aroma may initially seem weak, like a whisper, but brilliant thoughts are usually also spoken quietly. Complimentary it is possible to combine with, enhancing its sound.
The smell is fresh, forest, coniferous, resinous, cool, balsamic. 
Argan oil is a unique gift of nature to humanity to maintain youthful beauty and health. But due to its small production, this valuable plant product remains completely unprotected from fakes. Therefore, the purchase of such an expensive oil should be approached very carefully and carefully.
The following are a few useful rules that are easy to remember and will help you quickly navigate the original in front of you or a fake.
1) Decide for what purpose you need to buy argan oil: food or cosmetic.
Edible argan oil is obtained only from the roasted fruits of the argan tree and therefore always has a pleasant nutty flavor. For cosmetic purposes, it is practically not used, since a significant part of the vitamins and nutrients are lost at high roasting temperatures.
For cosmetic procedures, it is necessary to buy only unrefined argan oil, obtained by cold pressing from fresh, not fried fruits. This must be clearly stated on the label and packaging.
2) It is best to buy argan oil in its pure form (although its price is incredibly high) without any other oils. You can often find argan oil mixed with macadamia, olive, almond, etc. Such mixtures should be purchased only if you are firmly convinced of the integrity of their manufacturer and are well aware that they really contain argan oil. At best, there may be only 1-2% of argan oil from the entire mass of other oils. At worst, it's not there at all.
The same applies to buying cosmetic argan oil from well-known brands. Perhaps it really is in the compositions of such products, but the chemical elements that are designed to give a luxury product a fragrance, a beautiful appearance and keep it for a long time, mercilessly destroy all the beneficial properties of argan oil. Undoubtedly, such products work well on the skin and hair, but not at the expense of vegetable oils.
3) Pay attention to the packaging of argan oil. It should be only in a glass bottle or bottle and certainly from dark glass.
Be sure to insist on being able to smell the argan oil. Since it is expensive, a conscientious manufacturer always easily provides this opportunity. Unrefined cold-pressed argan oil always has a pronounced specific (not very pleasant) smell. This smell is very similar to the smell of urine, only very rich. But it is he who is considered the very “liquid gold” for the health of the human body.
4) When buying diluted argan oil (it's usually less expensive) don't forget to evaluate the smell as well. It is clearly felt even in diluted form. Next, specify the percentage of oils. It must be strictly 50x50. If the percentage of argan oil is less, this must be indicated on the label or packaging (which means it will be even cheaper).
5) Country of origin - only Morocco!
Store argan oil in a cool place out of direct sunlight.
P.S. By the way, when placing argan oil in the refrigerator, pay attention to its consistency. The original oil absolutely does not change its consistency at any temperature. If it is very thickened, you have not only a fake oil product, but also one with a large amount of preservatives and many other chemical components. Its use is fraught with many health problems.
Buy only high-quality argan oil and be always beautiful!
Read also:
Argan oil - "liquid gold" for skin and hair
Broccoli oil - "natural silicone" against split ends
Jasmine Absolute in Jojoba is a truly royal product
Rose oil in jojoba from "Spivak" - a luxury subject to everyone
Broccoli oil - "natural silicone" against split ends
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