So, in our version of the USE in literature, task 5 is devoted to the composition of the work.
5. What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, "sheepskin coat", "boots", "dress")?
Answer:___________________________
You can watch a detailed analysis of task 5 in the video.
REFERENCE MATERIAL
In modern literary criticism, the term "COMPOSITION" of a work is understood in different ways. We will not go into the details of each opinion of literary schools, but only indicate that we understand the composition in two versions.
The first option is a broad understanding of composition
Composition is the general structure of a work of art - semantic parts, author's division into parts, and the like.
Based on this understanding of composition, we can designate the following compositional parts in "The Captain's Daughter":
1. Division into compositional parts according to the geographical principle:
2. Division into compositional parts according to the principle of growing up of the protagonist:
As can be seen from the above examples of division into compositional parts, a broad understanding of the term COMPOSITION is simply not suitable for precise work with artistic text. Everyone who has read, depending on the reading comprehension, will compose his own, unlike anything, composition. From this we can conclude that the broad understanding of the term COMPOSITION OF A WORK OF ART is distinguished by subjectivity, i.e. inaccuracy.
The second option is a narrow understanding of composition
Composition is the arrangement of the structural elements of a work, which, serving the author's intention, create integral artistic images.
What are the main structural elements of the work worth highlighting when analyzing the composition of the work?
Title of the work - This is an element of the composition, which serves as the main reference point and semantic accent of the work. In our case, the name is "The Captain's Daughter". A.S. Pushkin specially put in the name of a fictional character - the captain's daughter Marya Ivanovna Mironova.
This element of the composition tunes the reader to the perception of the writer's artistic intent. This work is not a historical work, an artistic reconstruction of historical events.
Chapter titles is also a structural element of the composition. With these titles, the writer gives the reader a sense of anticipation for the next event. For example: the title of the chapter "Sergeant of the Guard" sets the reader's mind to drastic changes in the life of the protagonist.
Epigraphs - is both a structural element of the plot and composition of the work. The epigraph in a condensed form gives the main meaning of the work or its part. The peculiarity of the composition "The Captain's Daughter" is the abundance of epigraphs (an epigraph to the entire work and to each chapter separately).
Narration is a chain of events that are the basis for the development of the action of the entire work. In "The Captain's Daughter" the narration is consistent, without temporary permutations.
Description - this is a kind of speech of a work of art, which is characterized by static, an abundance of details, portraits, landscapes, etc. The description slows down the space-time continuum of the work, allows the reader to comprehend what has already been read.
Detail -it is an object (phenomenon, detail, thing) that is important for creating a holistic artistic image. The Captain's Daughter has an abundance of details. on the one hand, it recreates the life of that time, for example, "a saucepan with jam", "sheepskin coat", "bath accessories"; on the other hand, “red boots”, “white morning dress”, etc., create unique artistic images.
Portrait is a set of details that create the appearance of an artistic image, for example: a portrait of Pugachev, a portrait of Grinev, etc.
Scenery is a collection of details that create an image of nature. The peculiarity of natural details can add character to the landscape, for example: a hostile landscape (blizzard, blizzard) during Peter Grinev's drive from home to Orenburg. Typically, the nature of the landscape anticipates subsequent events.
Interior - this is a set of details of the interior decoration of the room, for example: the interior of the hut, to which the counselor brought them.
Exterior is a set of details of the external state of a structure, building, house, for example: the exterior of the Belogorsk fortress.
Reasoning is a type of speech that is characterized by a departure from the narrative. The reasoning clarifies the cause-and-effect relationships of the events described in the work. For example: the reasoning of Father Grinev about the fate of his son.
Internal monologue - this is the reasoning of the hero, which should not be heard by other heroes of the work. The internal monologue, from the point of view of the reader, characterizes his psychological state, for example: the internal monologue of Pyotr Grinev during interrogation.
Monologue - this is the reasoning of the hero of the work. The monologue is not designed to respond to those to whom the monologue is addressed, for example: Maria Ivanovna's monologue.
Dialog - this is the reasoning of the two heroes, which is carried out through an exchange of remarks, for example: a dialogue between Pyotr Grinev and Pugachev on the way to the Belogorsk fortress.
Polylog - this is the reasoning of several (more than two) heroes of the work, which, like the dialogue, is carried out using an exchange of remarks, for example: a polylogue at the Pugachev military council, which Grinev was present at.
Letter - This is a kind of monologue, which is given in the form of a record, i.e. letters, for example: a letter from Father Grinev to Savelich.
Also, folklore elements can be considered as compositional parts: songs, fairy tales, legends, proverbs, riddles, etc. For example: the song “Don't make noise, mother green oak tree ...” or a Kalmyk tale told by Pugachev to Grinev.
All of the above compositional elements are not exhausted. In each individual work, the presence of compositional parts will be its own, and this will manifest the peculiarity of the composition.
In contact with
Literature examination paper consists of 3 parts.
- Part 1 includes an analysis of a fragment of an epic, or lyroepic, or dramatic work: 7 tasks with a short answer (B1-B7) that require writing a word, or a combination of words, or a sequence of numbers, and 2 tasks with a detailed answer (C1-C2) , in the amount of 5-10 sentences.
- Part 2 includes the analysis of a lyric work: 5 tasks with a short answer (B8-B12) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences (C3-C4). Performing tasks C1-C4, try to formulate a direct coherent answer to the question posed, avoiding lengthy introductions and characteristics, observing the norms of speech. An indication of the volume of detailed answers in parts 1 and 2 is conditional; the assessment of the answer depends on its meaningfulness.
- Part 3 includes 3 tasks, of which you need to choose only ONE and give a detailed reasoned answer to it in the genre of an essay on a literary topic of at least 200 words.
When completing tasks with a detailed answer, rely on the author's position, formulate your point of view, use theoretical and literary concepts to analyze the work.
The duration of the USE in literature is 4 hours (240 minutes). We recommend that you spend no more than 2 hours on the tasks of parts 1 and 2, and for part 3 - 2 hours.
Answers on the USE forms are recorded clearly and legibly in bright black ink. The use of gel, capillary or fountain pens is allowed.
When completing assignments, you can use the draft, but entries in it will not be taken into account when evaluating the work.
We advise you to complete the tasks in the order in which they are given. To save time, skip a task that cannot be completed immediately and move on to the next. If, after completing all the work, you have time left, you can return to the missed tasks.
The points received by you for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and get the most points.
Part 1
Read the fragment of the piece below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1, C2.
Here we are at home, - said Nikolai Petrovich, removing his cap and shaking his hair. - The main thing is now to have supper and rest.
“It's really not bad to eat,” Bazarov remarked, stretching himself, and sank down on the sofa.
- Yes, yes, let's have supper, supper as soon as possible. - Nikolai Petrovich stamped his feet for no apparent reason. - By the way, Prokofich.
A man of about sixty came in, white-haired, thin and swarthy, in a brown tailcoat with copper buttons and a pink kerchief around his neck. He grinned, went up to the handle to Arkady and, bowing to the guest, stepped back to the door and put his hands behind his back.
- Here he is, Prokofich, - Nikolai Petrovich began, - has come to us at last ... What? how do you find him?
“At its best, sir,” said the old man, and grinned again, but immediately frowned his thick eyebrows. - Do you want to set the table? he said impressively.
- Yes, yes, please. But won't you go first to your room, Evgeny Vasilich?
- No, thank you, there is no need. Just order my little suitcase to be pulled there and this garment, ”he added, taking off his robe.
- Very well. Prokofich, take their greatcoat. (Prokofich, as if with bewilderment, took Bazarov's "clothes" with both hands and, raising it high above his head, withdrew on tiptoe.) And you, Arkady, will you go to your place for a minute?
- Yes, we need to clean up, - answered Arkady and was about to go to the door, but at that moment a man of average height, dressed in a dark English suite, a fashionable low tie and lacquered ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his cropped gray hair gleamed with a dark sheen like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn by a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; especially good were the light, black, oblong eyes. The whole appearance of Arkadiev's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that striving upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.
Pavel Petrovich took out of his trousers pocket his beautiful hand with long pink nails - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of a sleeve buttoned by a single large opal, and handed it to his nephew. Having made a preliminary European "shake hands", he three times, in Russian, kissed him, that is, he touched his cheeks three times with his scented mustache, and said: "Welcome."
Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly bent his flexible body and smiled slightly, but did not give his hand and even put it back in his pocket.
“I already thought that you would not come today,” he said in a pleasant voice, swaying graciously, twitching his shoulders and showing his beautiful white teeth. - What happened on the road?
- Nothing happened, - answered Arkady, - so, they hesitated a little.
(IS Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons".)
The answer to tasks B1-B7 is a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers. Write the answers first in the text of the work, and then transfer them to answer form No. 1 to the right of the number of the corresponding task, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional symbols. Write each letter (number) in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.
B1 Name the literary direction in the mainstream of which the work of I.S. Turgenev and whose principles were embodied in Fathers and Children.
B2 What genre does the work of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"?
Answer: ___________________________.
Q3 What is the name of the characterization tool based on the description of his appearance ("He looked forty-five years old ...")?
Answer: ___________________________.
B4 Establish a correspondence between the characters appearing in this fragment and their further destiny.
For each position in the first column, match the corresponding position from the second column.
Write down the answer in numbers in the table and transfer it to answer form No. 1.
| A | B | IN |
Q5 What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, the Bazarov robe and Pavel Petrovich's English suite, noted by the author)?
Answer: ___________________________.
B6 Senior Kirsanov and Bazarov from the first pages of the work are given in opposition. What is the name of the technique of sharp opposition used in a work of art?
Answer: ___________________________.
B7 At the beginning of the above fragment, the characters communicate with each other, exchanging remarks. What is the name of this type of speech?
Answer: ___________________________.
To complete tasks C1 and C2, use answer form No. 2. First, write down the task number, and then give a direct coherent answer to the question (approximate volume - 5-10 sentences).
Rely on the author's position, if necessary, state your point of view. Argument your answer based on the text of the work.
Performing task C2, give at least two comparison positions (the position of the comparison is the indication of the author and the name of the work of art with a mandatory justification of your choice; you can give as comparison positions two works of the same author, except for the author whose work is considered in the task).
C1 How is the main conflict of the work outlined in this episode of Fathers and Sons?
C2 In what works of Russian classics is the conflict between representatives of different generations reflected, and in what way can these works be compared with Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons"?
Part 2
Read the work below and complete tasks B8-B12; C3, C4.
Again, like in golden years,
Three worn out strands,
And painted knitting needles stuck
In loose ruts ...
Russia, impoverished Russia,
I have your gray huts,
Your wind songs to me -
Like the first tears of love!
I don't know how to feel sorry for you
And I carry my cross carefully ...
What sorcerer you want
Give back the robber beauty!
Let it lure and deceive, -
You will not be lost, you will not perish
And only care will cloud
Your beautiful features ...
Well? One more concern -
With one tear the river is noisier
And you are still the same - a forest, but a field,
Yes, the boards are patterned up to the eyebrows ...
And the impossible is possible
The road is long and easy
When the road shines in the distance
Instant glance from under the handkerchief
When it rings with grief
Deaf song of the driver! ..
(A.A. Blok, 1908)
The answer to tasks B8-B12 is a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers. Write the answers first in the text of the work, and then transfer them to answer form No. 1 to the right of the number of the corresponding task, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional symbols. Write each letter (number) in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.
AT 8 Name the modernist poetic movement of the early XX century, one of the brightest representatives of which was A.A. Block.
Answer: ___________________________.
AT 9 Indicate the number of the stanza (ordinal in the nominative case) in which the poet uses the anaphora.
Answer: ___________________________.
AT 10 O'CLOCK Indicate the trick the author uses in the lines:
I have your gray huts,
Your wind songs to me -
Like the first tears of love!
Answer: ___________________________.
AT 11 From the list below, select three names for the artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the fourth stanza of this poem.
1) hyperbole
2) inversion
3) irony
4) epithet
5) sound writing
Write the corresponding numbers in the table in ascending order and transfer them to answer form no. 1.
AT 12 Indicate the size of the poem by A.A. Block "Russia" (without specifying the number of stops).
Answer: ___________________________.
For tasks C3 and C4, use answer form number 2.
First write down the task number, and then give a direct coherent answer to the question (approximate volume - 5-10 sentences).
Rely on the author's position, if necessary, state your point of view. Argument your answer based on the text of the work. Performing task C4, give at least two comparison positions (the position of the comparison is the indication of the author and the name of the work of art with the obligatory justification of your choice; you can give as comparison positions two works of the same author, except for the author whose work is considered in the task).
Write down the answers clearly and legibly, observing the norms of speech.
C3What feeling is imbued with the poet's appeal to Russia?
C4In what works of Russian poets the image of Russia was created and what are their similarities and differences with the poem by A.A. Blok?
Part 3
To complete the task of part 3, select only ONE of the proposed essay topics (С5.1, С5.2, С5.3).
In answer form No. 2, indicate the number of the topic you have chosen, and then write an essay on this topic in the volume of at least 200 words (if the volume of the essay is less than 150 words, then it is estimated at 0 points).
Rely on the author's position and formulate your point of view. Argument your theses, relying on literary works (in an essay on lyrics, you must analyze at least three poems).
Use theoretical and literary concepts to analyze the work.
Think over the composition of the essay.
Write your essay clearly and legibly, observing the norms of speech.
C5.1 As in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Mtsyri" reflects the collision of dreams with reality?
C5.2 What is the meaning of comparing the images of Katerina and Varvara? (Based on the play by A. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm".)
C5.3 As in the prose of M.A. Bulgakov reveals the topic of a person's moral choice? (Based on the novel "The White Guard" or "The Master and Margarita".)
The system of grading examination work in literature
For the correct answer to tasks B1-B12 1 point is given, for an incorrect answer or lack of it - 0 points.
Answers to tasks B1-B12
| Job No. | Answer |
| IN 1 | realism |
| IN 2 | novel |
| IN 3 | portrait |
| AT 4 | 341 |
| AT 5 | detail |
| AT 6 | antithesis<или>contrast |
| AT 7 | dialog |
| AT 8 | symbolism |
| AT 9 | sixth |
| AT 10 O'CLOCK | comparison |
| AT 11 | 245 |
| AT 12 | iambic |
Criteria for checking and assessing the performance of tasks with a detailed answer
Assessment of the fulfillment of tasks C1 and C3, requiring writing a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences
The indication of the volume is conditional; the assessment of the answer depends on its meaningfulness (if there is deep knowledge, the examinee can answer in a larger volume; with the ability to accurately formulate his thoughts, the examinee can give a fairly complete answer in a smaller volume).
| Criteria | Points |
The inclusion of the work in the literary context and the persuasiveness of the arguments | |
a) the examinee answers the question based on the author's position, indicates the names of two works and their authors *, convincingly justifies the choice of each work; | 4 |
b) the examinee answers the question based on the author's position, indicates the names of two works and their authors, | 3 |
c) the examinee answers the question based on the author's position; | 2 |
d) the examinee, answering the question, does not rely on the author's position, | 1 |
e) the examinee does not answer the question, or gives an answer that does not substantively correspond to the task at hand and does not rely on the author's position; | 0 |
| Maximum score | 4 |
* It is allowed to indicate two works of the same author, except for the author whose work is considered in the task.
Assessment of the implementation of tasks С5.1, С5.2, С5.3,
requiring writing a detailed reasoned answer in the genre
essays of at least 200 words
Among the five criteria by which the essay is evaluated, the first criterion (content aspect) is the main one. If, when checking the work, the expert gives 0 points according to the first criterion, the task of part 3 is considered unfulfilled and is not checked further. For four others (2, 3, 4, 5) 0 points are given in the "Protocol for checking answers to tasks" of form No. 2.
The assessment for the first position of the assessment of the task of Part 3 is placed in column 7 of the protocol, for the second position - in column 8, for the third - in column 9, for the fourth - in column 10, for the fifth - in column 11.
When assessing the performance of tasks in part 3, the volume of the written essay should be taken into account. The examinee is recommended to be at least 200 words long. If the essay contains less than 150 words (the word count includes all words, including official ones), then such work is considered uncompleted and is estimated at 0 points.
When the size of the essay is from 150 to 200 words, the maximum number of errors for each point level does not change.
| Criterion | Points |
| 1.The depth of the judgments and the persuasiveness of the arguments | |
a) the examinee gives a direct coherent answer to the question, relying on the author's position, if necessary, formulates his point of view; convincingly substantiates his theses, confirms his thoughts with text, does not replace analysis with retelling of the text; there are no actual errors or inaccuracies; | 3 |
b) the examinee gives a direct coherent answer to the question, relying on the author's position, if necessary, formulates his point of view, does not replace the analysis with a retelling of the text, | 2 |
c) the examinee understands the essence of the question, | 1 |
d) the examinee does not cope with the task: | 0 |
| 2. Level of knowledge of theoretical and literary concepts | |
| a) the examinee uses theoretical and literary concepts to analyze the work; errors and inaccuracies in the use of concepts are absent | 2 |
b) the examinee includes theoretical and literary concepts in the text of the essay, | 1 |
c) the examinee does not use theoretical and literary concepts; | 0 |
| 3. Justification of attracting the text of the work | |
a) the text of the work in question is drawn versatile and reasonably (quotes with comments to them, a brief retelling of the content necessary to prove judgments, appeal to the micro-themes of the text and their interpretation, various kinds of references to what is depicted in the work, etc.) | 3 |
b) the text is attracted in many ways, | 2 |
| c) the text is used only as a retelling of the depicted | 1 |
| d) the text is not involved, judgments are not justified by the text | 0 |
| 4. Compositional integrity and consistency of presentation | |
a) the composition is characterized by compositional integrity, its parts are logically connected, there are no violations of the sequence and unreasonable repetitions within the semantic parts | 3 |
b) the composition is characterized by compositional integrity, its parts are logically connected with each other, | 2 |
c) the compositional intention is traced in the composition, | 1 |
d) the compositional intention is not traced in the essay, gross violations of the sequence of parts of the statement are made, which significantly complicate the understanding of the meaning of the essay | 0 |
| 5. Following the norms of speech | |
| a) there are no speech errors, or 1 speech error was made; | 3 |
| b) 2-3 speech errors were made; | 2 |
| c) 4 speech errors were made; | 1 |
d) the number of speech errors made significantly complicates the understanding of the meaning of the statement (5 or more speech errors were made) | 0 |
| Maximum score | 14 |
How preparation for the Unified State Exam in literature turned for students and teachers into a quest with an unpredictable ending
Text: Natalia Lebedeva
Photo: Profi.ru
There are only a few months left until the final exams. Those who have chosen humanitarian faculties will have to pass. What difficulties do well-read children face when they distinguish between stanza, anaphora and oxymoron? Why aren't Q&A items on the literature exam? And do you need to read all the works from the list to get the maximum score? These and other questions are answered by the author of numerous textbooks and manuals on literature, associate professor of Moscow State Pedagogical University Elena Poltavets.
Elena Yuryevna, do you think that the knowledge that is given at school is enough to successfully pass the exam in literature?
Elena Poltavets: Knowledge and schools are different. It happens that knowledge is given, but for various reasons it is not taken, it happens that knowledge is imposed, but you cannot tie it imposed by any strings. Knowledge can only be obtained by one's own efforts and make it an integral part of one's inner world. He also said that a good reader mixes a drop of his own blood into the work.
A modern applicant, motivated for the exam, will find everything he needs in the library, the Internet and, of course, additional questions for the teacher. But the paradox is that the better a conscientious student learns what a remark, anaphora, inversion, lyroepos, oxymoron, alliteration, assonance and all the other elements, knowledge of which is required in the "List of content elements" and "List of requirements for the level of training of graduates" , the more likely a drop in exam scores is.
How is this possible?!
Elena Poltavets: A simple example, in the demo version there is a task on the poem "Russia", in which it is required to indicate "the number of the stanza in which the poet uses the anaphora." A student who has read at least a short article "Anaphora" in the dictionary of literary terms will find an anaphora, but will not find a stanza. If only because the list of "content elements" does not contain the term "stanza" (but this is not so scary: the developers of KIMs are sure that the student cannot but know this). Another thing is worse: the sixth stanza of the proposed poem, containing an anaphora, is not a stanza, but a strophoid, so a diligent applicant who repeated the term “stanza” besides the term “anaphora” before the exam will be confused.
Another example is a question about the novel: "What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, the Bazarov robe and Pavel Petrovich's English suite, noted by the author)?" The implied answer is "detail". But in theory, "detail" and "detail" are delimited as terms.
In my opinion, the main problem of the Unified State Exam is the conceptual inconsistency of test CMMs, and indeed any unambiguous questions in the “question-answer” mode in the discipline “literature”. Invalid question situation "What is the name of the detail ...?" is a trap for a smart applicant. Especially if he wonders if the symbolism of the details and their opposition are meant. He could have written about all this in an essay, but not in a line that would fit no more than a dozen letters.
But after all, in the Unified State Exam in literature, tasks have already appeared where it is necessary to write detailed answers in 5-10 sentences.
Elena Poltavets: This is no longer a trap, but downright "setup", and a very serious one. The demo contains an episode of the first meeting Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov (chapter four of the novel "Fathers and Sons", from the words of Nikolai Petrovich "Here we are at home" to the remark of Arkady: "So, hesitated a little"). The question is: "How is the main conflict of the work outlined in this episode of Fathers and Sons?" It seems that the developer of this question has not read the great novel. Because the main conflict of the novel is not outlined either in the antithesis of the hoodie and the English suit mentioned in the episode, or even in the opposition of generations, or in the ideological disputes that unfold in the novel almost before the duel episode, but lies in the conflict of the "passionate, rebellious heart" of the human and the grave as the tragic fate of all flesh amid the eternal "indifferent nature." Awareness of his spiritual originality and understanding of the doom to loneliness - this is what brings together after the duel the former antagonists - Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov - and opposes them to all the other characters. A good teacher or tutor, of course, will read one of the greatest works of world literature with his students.
Elena Poltavets: I'll start right away with an example. Assignment for the same novel "Fathers and Sons": "Establish a correspondence between the characters and their future fate. (Characters: , Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Fate: he gets wounded in a duel, marries Odintsova's sister, dies of a serious illness, marries Fenechka. ") This task can be completed by an applicant who has not read the novel at all, provided that he is familiar with a brief retelling of the plot, and not even the plot. but only the ending of the novel.
There are no other tasks that could be considered as a test of knowledge of the text in the exam version, and this is understandable: do not turn the exam questions into jokes: “What did the pig eat under the window of the house: a) nectarines; b) bananas; c) avocado ... "The idea with the" test by text ", popular in the old days, failed. Because there is no point in asking what the name of the main character of the novel is, and there is no reason to ask if the applicant remembers the name of the dog that the elderly relative did not like so much Odintsova in the novel "Fathers and Sons".
Tasks of a too general nature: to name works in which “the conflict between representatives of different generations is displayed” and to compare these works with Turgenev's novel or to name about the Motherland will also not very much allow to show knowledge of the text of the works. The answer is proposed to be limited to 5-10 sentences. And in what works the conflict of generations is not reflected?
So it turns out that an applicant who is familiar only with a brief retelling of works can cope with the 16 tasks of the first part. Consider also that the list of works of art, the reading of which is supposedly required, is too extensive, especially in the part that provokes the pupil's bewilderment: "I still won't have time, I don't remember, it is not worth reading."
How objective are the evaluation criteria? Indeed, for the sake of objectivity and equalizing chances, the USE was introduced.
Elena Poltavets: This is the most interesting. The tasks of the first part that seem suitable for an objective assessment (knows - does not know) are not. Here is the task: "Indicate the size of the poem, without specifying the number of feet." Suppose all examinees have entered correctly. We got equal points. But someone also knows the stop, someone knows the semantic halo, and someone has defined the semantics of pyrricated feet. And where can an applicant show this knowledge?
And in general, this is a strange approach: the first part requires knowledge of the terms, and the second part requires writing an essay. As if you don't need to know the terms for writing.
Applicants often ask: "How many terms can there be in a good essay?" I will answer: in a 4-hour period - at least 50-60, or even 70. Because the plot, and the conflict, and the image, and the landscape, and the detail, and the remark, and the anaphora, and the size, in general, everything is , which is listed in “ content elements ",and much more - this is the tool with which the author of the work analyzes the work.
How many quotes? Well, let's say 70-80. Because there is absolutely no need to waste time quoting a whole stanza, when you can indicate that anaphora ("when") and alliteration (on "p" and "s") in the same poem by Blok "Russia" create an image of eternity and remind of the key word (if the applicant knows about anagram, then he will highlight the anagram "Russia"). There are already three quotes in one sentence of the essay.
But the essay has already been returned - the final essay is in December. And still all schoolchildren write an essay for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language ...
Elena Poltavets: “Final” “essay” with an orientation towards “meta-subjectness”, reasoning about life, “look and something”, preferably with the involvement of “extra-curricular” literary works and the everyday experience of high school students - this is, of course, useful, but also harmful at the same time. At least because the preparation of this "exam" and the responsibility for it are assigned to the same long-suffering school language teacher. And because no essay, whose "themes" sound pathetic and demagogic and offer to speak for all the good against all the bad, will not replace the exam-essay on literature. Just as reasoning about why you need to know mathematics will not replace knowledge of at least the multiplication table.
The presence of several variants of the essay (obligatory "final" and optional c) led to the blurring of the goals and objectives of each of the examinations and disorientation of the examinees. The requirements mastered by the student for the “final” “composition” prevent him (and the teacher) from reorganizing to the analysis of a work of art as an aesthetic phenomenon, which is required in an essay on a literary theme. Yes, and all high school students, thanks to the final essay, quickly learn that a work of art is just a visual illustration of some unpretentious worldly wisdom and that understanding a work boils down to more or less successful involvement of it as a “material” for the “argumentation” of common truths ...
"Who can be called a true friend?", "Can a dream be changed?", "What role can a cowardly act play in a person's fate?" And these topics for discussion are intended for seventeen-year-olds, who, as it seems, should have already read Turgenev, and? It seems to me that only ten-year-old fourth-graders could still be offered such topics, and even then with a feeling of some awkwardness ...
Do I understand correctly that the most correct thing would be to return to the essay that we all wrote earlier in the senior class?
Elena Poltavets: I am sure that it is necessary to return the essay-essay for school graduates. This should be the final creative work that allows the graduate to reveal his knowledge and his, as it is fashionable to say, creativity. The same applies to the university entrance examination.
Many complain that schoolchildren write off all sorts of "golden" and "diamond" essays from collections, download them from the Internet ... But no exam and no police measures will prevent this. And in themselves collections of "exemplary" essays there is nothing reprehensible, as well as in the catalogs of, say, hairstyles that we leaf through while waiting in line at the hairdresser. Another thing is that not every haircut and not every dress will suit a particular person, or at least like it from an aesthetic point of view.
My high school students received assignments to write a review of an essay from the "golden collection", discussed these essays. But nobody cheated when they had to hand over their work. If only because there was nowhere to copy: each student was given an individual topic, and at the same time one that is not in the "collections" or on the Internet. And the kaleidoscope of quotes from articles and prefaces to reveal the topic of the essay certainly could not replace the logic of the original work.
What do you think the ideal literature exam should look like?
Elena Poltavets: Essay on one of the selected literary topics. That is, dedicated to the analysis of the creativity / work of one or more authors listed in the program for the exam. Neither "free" nor problem-free "quotation" topics are not suitable for the exam. This should be an exam in the school discipline "literature", and not in sensitivity, impressionability, heartfelt kindness, moral maturity, civic responsibility and other delightful qualities, which, however, are not taught in school lessons.
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a) Anya
b) Ranevskaya
c) Varya
d) Dunyasha
69. "I, like a sunbeam, was alive and now I had to sit motionless, like a stone." What pictorial and expressive means was used twice in this statement of the heroine?
a) metaphor
b) comparison
c) impersonation
d) hyperbole
70. What phrase ends the drama "Thunderstorm"?
a) Mamma, you ruined her, you, you, you ...
b) Thank you, good people, for your service!
c) Good for you, Katya. Why am I left to live in the world and suffer !
d) Do what you want with her! Her body is here, take it; but now your soul is not yours: it is now before a judge who is more merciful than you!
71. What is the literary direction in the mainstream of which developed
creativity and principles of which are embodied in Fathers and Children.
a) Sentimentalism
b) Realism
c) Romanticism
d) Classicism
72. What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, the Bazarov robe and Pavel Petrovich's English suite, noted by the author)?
a) description
b) remark
c) detail
d) composition
73. Senior Kirsanov and Bazarov from the first pages of the work are given in opposition. What is the name of the technique of sharp opposition used in a work of art?
a) metaphor
b) comparison
c) oxymoron
d) antithesis
74. He looked about forty-five years old: his cropped gray hair gleamed with a dark sheen, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn with a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; especially good were the light, black, oblong eyes. Whose portrait characteristic is this?
a) Nikolai Kirsanov
b) Pavel Kirsanov
c) Evgenia Bazarova
d) Arkady Kirsanova
75. Correlate the surnames, names and patronymics of the heroes of the story "Heart of a Dog":
a) A-1, B-2, B-4, G-3
b) A-1, B-3, B-2, G-4
c) A-2, B-4, B-1, G-3
d) A-3, B-2, B-1, G-4
76. Who is described in this way in the novel? “... A man of about fifty years old, of medium height and dense build, with gray hair and a large bald spot, with a swollen ... yellow, even greenish face and with swollen eyelids, because of which tiny, like cracks, but animated reddish eyes. "
a) Zosimov
b) Marmeladov
c) Raskolnikov
d) Svidrigailov
77. Who is described in this way in the novel? “... A tall and fat man, with a puffy and colorless-pale, smooth-shaven face, with straight blond hair, glasses and a large gold ring on a finger swollen with fat. He was twenty-seven years old. He was dressed in a wide, lightweight, light coat, in light summer trousers, and, in general, everything on him was wide, with a pinch of smartness; the linen is impeccable, the watch chain is massive. "
a) Zosimov
b) Marmeladov
c) Raskolnikov
d) Svidrigailov
a) Luke
b) Satin
c) Natasha
d) Tambourines
79. Who arranged a meeting between Katerina and Boris, having stolen the key from Kabanikha?
a) Curly
b) Kuligin
c) Barbara
d) Glasha
80. Why Prince Andrew goes to serve in the army
a) ideas about the officer's duty
b) the desire to defend the Motherland
c) striving for fame
d) at the insistence of the father
Part B
1. Whom in Ostrovsky's play did N. Dobrolyubov call "a ray of light in the dark kingdom"?
Answer: Katerina
2. What is nihilism, as defined by Turgenev, in the novel "Fathers and Sons"?
Answer: denial
3. The main motives of Nekrasov's lyrics.
Answer: motherland theme
4. Two main thoughts in Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" (write the answer separated by commas).
Answer: family, folk
5. The theme of Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard".
Answer: selling a cherry orchard
6. Write the title of the first poem about the revolution.
Answer: Twelve
7. Two main themes of Yesenin's lyrics (write the answer separated by commas).
Answer: homeland, nature
8. Write the names of Mayakovsky's satirical poems (write the answer separated by commas).
Answer: Lazy people, About rubbish
9. By the example of which character is shown the fate of the Don peasantry in Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Don".
Answer: Grigory Melikhov
10. Which of the heroes of Sholokhov wrote an application for joining the collective farm, since he completely agrees with the new life.
Answer: Kondrat Maidannikov
11. Why is Bazarov dying at Turgenev's.
Answer: His time has not come
12. The main theme of Tsvetaeva's lyrics.
Answer: love
13. The meaning of Tolstoy's story "The Viper".
Answer: the fury of the civil war
14. The meaning of the legend about Danko in the story "Old Woman Izergil".
Answer: serving the people
15. What music sounds in Kuprin's story "Garnet Bracelet" (write the answer separated by commas).
Answer: Sonata No. 2, Beethoven's Apossionata
16. What was the name of the assistant professor Preobrazhensky (full name).
Answer:
17. Why is Shukshin's hero called an eccentric.
Answer: something constantly happened to him
18. What is the name of Vysotsky's collection of poems.
Answer: Nerve
19. What was the name of the hero of Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man".
Answer: Andrey Sokolov
20. What book about a fighter did Tvardovsky write?
Answer: Vasily Terkin
Part C
Read an excerpt from War and Peace and complete the assignments.
No matter how cramped and not needed by anyone, and no matter how hard his life now seemed to Prince Andrey, he, just like seven years ago in Austerlitz on the eve of the battle, felt agitated and irritated.
Orders for tomorrow's battle were given and received by him. He had nothing else to do. But his thoughts were the simplest, clearest and therefore terrible thoughts did not leave him alone. He knew that tomorrow's battle had to be the most terrible of all those in which he participated, and the possibility of death for the first time in his life, without any relation to everyday life, without considerations of how it would affect others, but only because attitude towards him, towards his soul, with liveliness, almost with certainty, simply and horribly, presented itself to him. And from the height of this performance, everything that previously tormented and occupied him suddenly lit up with a cold white light, without shadows, without perspective, without distinction of outlines. His whole life seemed to him like a magic lantern, into which he looked for a long time through glass and under artificial lighting. Now he suddenly saw, without glass, in bright daylight, these badly painted pictures.
“Yes, yes, these are those false images that excited and admired and tormented me,” he said to himself, sorting through the main pictures of his magic lantern of life in his imagination, now looking at them in this cold white light of the day - the clear thought of death. - Here they are, these roughly painted figures, which seemed to be something beautiful and mysterious. Glory, the public good, love for a woman, the fatherland itself - how great these pictures seemed to me, what a deep meaning they seemed to be fulfilled! And all this is so simple, pale and rough in the cold white light of that morning, which I feel is rising for me. "
The three major sorrows of his life in particular held his attention. His love for a woman, the death of his father and the French invasion that captured half of Russia. “Love! .. This girl, who seemed to me full of mysterious powers. How I loved her! I made poetic plans about love, about happiness with her. Oh dear boy! " He said aloud angrily.
- How! I believed in some kind of ideal love, which should have kept it faithful to me for a whole year of my absence! Like the tender dove of a fable, she should have wither away in separation from me. And all this is much simpler ... All this is terribly simple, disgusting!
My father also built in Bald Mountains and thought that this was his place, his land, his air, his men; but Napoleon came and, not knowing about his existence, like a splinter from the road, knocked him down, and his Bald Mountains and his whole life fell apart. And Princess Marya says that this is a test sent from above. What is the test for when it is no longer and will not be? never again!
He's gone! So who is this test? Fatherland, death of Moscow! And tomorrow he will kill me - and not even a Frenchman, but his own, as yesterday a soldier unloaded a gun near my ear, and the French will come, take me by the legs and by the head and throw me into a hole so that I do not stink under their noses, and new conditions will arise. lives that will also be familiar to others, and I will not know about them, and I will not be. "
1) What terrible thoughts haunt Prince Andrew?
2) What events in his life does Prince Andrew consider the most tragic?
3) What girl are you talking about at the end of the second paragraph?
4) What event in his life does Prince Andrey say: “All this is awfully simple, disgusting!”?
5) What means of psychological writing does the author use to convey the internal state of the prince? Choose the correct answers from words and expressions for references: dream, internal monologue, letter, diary, confession, author's comment.
6) In what year did the Battle of Borodino take place?
7) In the third paragraph of the text, find 2 phrases, from which it becomes clear that on the eve of the battle in the minds of Prince Andrew there is a reassessment of values
8) Compare the state of Prince Andrew before the battles of Austerlitz and Borodino (find similarities and differences).
4. Scoring criteria
Determination of the number of test questions (tasks) |
||||
The number of hours of academic discipline according to the curriculum | Total | Part A | Part B | Part C |
≥ 101 |
Pivot table with scoring criteria |
Typical questions about epics
(// - such two vertical oblique lines mark variants of the wording of the same task)
What is the name of the monologue in a literary work that the hero pronounces “to himself”? Internal monologue
What is the name of a means in literary criticism that helps to describe a hero ("weak", "puny")? // What are the names of figurative definitions that are the traditional means of artistic depiction? Epithet
The events in the work are presented from the perspective of a fictional character. What is the name of the character in the work, who is entrusted with the narration of events and other characters? The narrator
What is the name of the hero of this work?
What is the name of the genus of literature to which the work belongs? Epos
What is the name of the intentional use of the same words in the text, which enhances the significance of the statement? Repeat
What term denotes a way of displaying the inner state of heroes, thoughts and feelings? // What is the name of the author's ability to convey the feelings and thoughts that possess the heroes, their inner life? Psychologism
What is the name of an expressive detail that carries an important semantic load in a literary text? // What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of characterizing a hero? Detail
The fragment begins and ends with a description of the fire in Smolensk, etc. Specify the term that denotes the location and relationship of parts, episodes, images in a work of art. // What term denote the organization of parts of a work, images and their connections? Composition
Indicate the type of path based on the transfer of the properties of some objects and phenomena to others ("flame of talent"). Metaphor
Indicate the genre to which the work belongs. Novel, story, story, fairy tale ...
At the beginning of the fragment, a description of the character's appearance is given. What is the name of this characterization tool? Portrait
At the beginning of the episode, a description of the night village is given. What is the term for such a description? // What term is used to denote the description of nature? Scenery
What genre does the novel belong to? Socio-philosophical, psychological, social and everyday ...
Indicate a trope representing the replacement of a proper name with a descriptive phrase. Periphrase / For example, the Land of the Rising Sun - Japan /
A symbolic image, the meaning of which goes beyond the objective meaning. Symbol
What term is customary to denote a part of a work that depicts the circumstances preceding the main events of the plot? Exposition
What is the term for a set of events, turns and twists and turns of action in a work? Plot
What is the term for the final component of the work? Epilogue
Artistic time and space are the most important characteristics of the author's model of the world. What traditional spatial reference does Goncharov use to create an image of a symbolically saturated enclosed space? House
What is the name of the form of allegory characteristic of fables, parables? Allegory
Indicate the name of the technique of artistic exaggeration, in which plausibility gives way to fantasy, caricature. Grotesque
What is the name of the type of description in literary works that allowed the author to recreate the atmosphere of the dwellings ah? Interior
What are the names of words and expressions that deviate from the norms of the literary language ("press", "mogom") Vernacular / Dialectal
Which Russian critic, revolutionary democrat's last name is consonant with the name of Dobrosklonov? (this is in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia Doborolyubov.
The surnames of the heroes of the work, containing a hidden meaning (Kabanova, Dikoy, Pravdin, Skotinin, Raskolnikov). // Following tradition, the author endows the heroes of his work with names and surnames that carry certain characteristics. What are these names and surnames called? Speakers.
Typical questions about dramatic works
Within what literary direction was this work created? Classicism, realism
What is the term for the characters' form of speech, which is an exchange of replicas? Dialog
Determine the genre of the piece.
Fonvizin "Minor" - comedy
Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" - comedy
Gogol "The Inspector General" - a comedy
Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm" - drama
Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard" - comedy
Bitter "At the Bottom" - drama
One of the characteristic techniques of classicism is the disclosure of the character of the hero through his surname. What are these names called? Speaking
What is the name of the characters in literary studies who do not appear on the stage? Off-stage
The fragment depicts a sharp clash of positions of the heroes. What is the name of such a collision, a confrontation of characters, which underlies the development of the action of a literary work? Conflict
Conflict type? Public, love, social
What stage in the development of the action does this fragment refer to? Connection, climax, denouement
Indicate the name of the kind of literature to which the play belongs ...? Drama
What is the name of one character's detailed statement? Monologue
Name the term used to designate the statements of the characters in the play. // What is the name of a separately taken phrase of the interlocutor in the stage dialogue in drama? Replica
What is the name of the part of the act (action) of a dramatic work in which the composition of the characters remains unchanged? Scene
What is the term that is used in literary criticism to denote an expression that has become winged? // The actor utters a capacious, laconic phrase: "Without a name - there is no person." What is the name of this type of sayings? // What are the sayings of the heroes called, which are distinguished by their brevity, capacity of thought and expressiveness? Aphorism
The above scene contains information about the characters, the place and time of the action, the circumstances that took place before it began are described. Indicate the stage in the development of the plot, for which the named signs are characteristic. // What term is customary to denote the part of the work, which depicts the circumstances preceding the main events of the plot? Exposition
What is the main means of characterization in this fragment of the play? Speech
What is the means of artistic representation
Typical questions about lyric works
What is the name of the type of lyrics to which this poem belongs? // What genre-thematic variety of poetry does this poem belong to?
Landscape, civic, love, friendly, meditative (Tyutchev "There is singing in the waves of the sea ..."), philosophical ...
What is the name of a stylistic figure based on changing the direct word order? // What stylistic figure, consisting in breaking the generally accepted word order, does the poet use to create ...? Inversion
The term that in literary criticism is called a pictorial and expressive means that allows you to transfer meaning by similarity from one subject to another? (A means of allegorical expressiveness). Metaphor
Indicate the name of the stylistic device that the poet uses, starting a line with the same word. Anaphora
What is the name of the nature of the rhyme? Annular, cross, adjacent
What poetic genre does this poem belong to?
Ola, elegy, dedication, epigram ...
What is the name of a poetic technique based on repetition of vowel sounds? Assonance
What is the name of the poetic technique of repeating the same consonant sounds?
Alliteration
Determine the poetic meter that the poem is written with.
Yamb (2 4 6 8) trochee (1 3 5 7), dactyl (1 4 7 10), amphibrachium (2 5 8 11), anapest (3 6 9 12)
HOW TO DO IT GOOD?
We write down lines from a poem, breaking them into syllables;
We put stress in words;
We write numbers under stressed syllables;
We look at the previous schemes and choose the size.
In `e-that de-re`v-not og-no` not in ha`-she-ny
1 4 7 10
You don’t tell me tos-ku ...
1 4 7 10 eh then dactyl.
One more example!
No, you are not P'ush-kin. But by the way, yes
Not see-but so-ln-tsa no-from-ku'-yes 2 4 8
2 4 8 this is iambic
Enter the term for the artistic definition. Epithet
What is the name of a technique that allows you to endow the world around you with human feelings and experiences? Impersonation
What is the name of the versification system in which this poem is written?
Tonic, syllabo-tonic
What is the name of a combination of lines held together by a common rhyme and intonation in literary studies? Stanza
What is the term for the consonance of the ends of poetic lines? Rhyme
It happens:
RELATED(AABB),
CROSSED( ABAB),
RING (ABBA)
What is the name of a technique based on a combination of incongruous concepts? Oxymoron
Name the type of trail based on the comparison of objects or phenomena. Comparison
What is the simplest plot unit called? Motive
What term is called a complex of strings, consisting of quatrains, each of which is an organized union of poetic lines. Quatrain
What is the name of the method of allegory, which consists in portraying an abstract idea through concrete images? Allegory
What is the name of a generalized image that includes many associative features. Symbol
What is the name of the technique consisting in replacing a word with a descriptive expression indicating important properties, qualities, signs of an object or phenomenon? Periphrase
To enhance the emotional significance of the statement, the author uses the form of a question that does not require an answer. What is the name of this means of expression? A rhetorical question
Name the type of composition characterized by the repetition at the beginning and end of the piece of the same motive, line, etc. Annular
What literary direction is creativity ...?
Classicism, Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism, Futurism, Acmeism, Imagism
What is the name of an artistic technique based on sharp opposition? Antithesis // contrast
The second and third stanza are built on a comparison of pictures of nature and the state of man. What is this technique called in literary criticism?
Comparison // Parallelism
The second and fourth stanzas are almost identical in content. What is this technique called? Repeat
What is the name of the poetic concept that asserts the intrinsic value of artistic creativity? Art for art (freedom of art from politics).
Indicate the classic lyric genre (sad reflection on the frailty of being, departed love, etc.), the features of which are present in the poem ... Elegy.
What is the name of the stanza used by the author in the work? (we are talking about the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin") Oneginskaya / Oneginskaya
The poem "Hamlet" by B.L. Pasternak "attributed" to the hero of his famous novel. Indicate the title of this work. Doctor Zhivago.
What means of expressing his own position does the poet resort to, subjecting his characters not to hidden, but to obvious ridicule and denunciation? Sarcasm / Invective
1. Check if did you adequately understand the task... Analyze the question by highlighting keywords... Understand the meanings of the terms used in the wording of the question.
2. Do analytical work with the text of the task, which essentially serves as a response plan: first name the authors and works (at least two comparison positions), and then justify your choice by commenting on these works in accordance with the assignment.
3. Include only one text materialthat serves as an accurate commentary on your theses.
4. Edit answer, remove redundant reasoning and examples, make the necessary additions in response to home (comparative) part of the question.
5. Avoid general reasoning.
6. Analyze response logic, check speech design, eliminate speech defects.
Examples of the analysis of poems.
Tyutchev F.I.
A kite rose from the clearing,
He soared high to the sky;
Higher and higher, it hovers far away -
And now he left the sky!
Mother nature gave him
Two powerful, two living wings -
And I'm here in sweat and dust.
I, the king of the earth, rooted to the earth! ..
1.The theme of the poem - a kite in the sky, a person watching the flight of a kite. Human and nature.
2.The poem is divided into two parts, two quatrains
3.The first part - narrative intonation is characteristic. The poet draws the beginning of the flight of the kite, which rushed to the sky. These poems sound free, calm, measured, conveying a picture of the flight.
In the 1st verse the word kite- the subject of the description, in the 2nd verse - the phrase to the sky,which indicates the movement of the kite in space.
In verses 3-4, the space expands in which the kite flies, as indicated by the words above, far.
In the first quatrain, a real picture of nature is drawn, which the reader sees together with the author.
The first stanza is read smoothly, calmly. One can feel the slowness and calmness in nature.
4. The grammatical foundations are clearly distinguished in 1-3 lines of the poem. The verbs "rose, hoisted, curls" convey the dynamics of movement. The look of the lyrical hero moves from the bottom up, the kite gradually decreases, but on the contrary, the person feels deprived, “rooted to the ground,” that is, despite the fact that the person is, of course, larger than the kite, but due to the impossibility of soaring into the sky like a bird , he is inferior to the bird. Imagine the look of a kite from heaven to earth - he sees a small dot, which is the "king of nature", the kite is "convinced" that the king of nature is he, the kite, soaring in the sky.
The final verses 7-8 sound with an intonation of sadness, forming second part quiet creation. It contains the regret of the lyrical hero about a man who is deprived of wings, deprived of flight and forced to live on earth “in sweat and dust”.
5-6 . Language tools - the poet uses archaic forms of words:
“to the ground ” - makes the poet's reasoning emphasizes the eternal and unchanging weakness of man in relation to the power of nature.
Archaic form far away gives the text elevation, solemnity and brings speech closer to a high style.
The verbs “rose, hovered, twisted” convey movement, thus, the picture of the poem is lively, dynamic.
Nature-mother - the application shows the connection between nature and the vulture, her "son".
7. Artistic picture of the poem- a person watches the flight of a bird, sees a soaring kite in the sky and thinks that he, the “king of the earth”, cannot rise into the sky.
8 ... Looking at the flying birds, one involuntarily thinks about the impossibility of going up into the sky. But this is an old dream of man (remember Icarus and Daedalus). Flight is freedom. The hero of Korolenko's essay "Paradox", a man without arms (- wings?) Says: "Man is born for happiness, like a bird for flight." Katerina in NA Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" says: "Why don't people fly like birds?" For each of the heroes of the works - the poems of Tyutchev, Jan Zaluski, Katerina - the concept of freedom, happiness is an opportunity to "fly", and not in the literal sense of the word.
9-10-11 ... Tyutchev's poem is a reflection on human capabilities. He, "the king of the earth" - but why can't he ascend to heaven? We find the answer - the man is "the king on earth", and the kite is the king of the sky. But man so wants to conquer the sky! .. This is the last line of the poem, it sounds like a desperate exclamation, and like bitterness, the realization of the impossibility to overcome the gravity of the earth and soar into the sky "higher, further". From a height of flight, a kite can "look around" his possessions like a real king, and a person cannot look over the earth with his gaze, despite the fact that he is the "king of the earth." What is hindering? - but the fact that the "king of the earth" is rooted to the earth. A man in sweat and dust is forced to constantly work on the earth in order to feed himself. How not to remember the Bible and the expulsion of a person from Paradise for eating the forbidden fruit! Therefore, a person is punished by the fact that he is "rooted to the ground," toil in sweat and dust, and greedily watches the birds in the sky!
Free analysis of the poem by F.I. Tyutchev
"A kite rose from the clearing"
The poem was written in 1835. For F. I. Tyutchev, man is as much a mystery as nature. The poet is faced with the question of the relationship between nature and man. Man is a thinking creature. Due to the fact that he is endowed with intelligence, he is separated from nature. In the poem "From the glade a kite has risen" human thought irresistibly strives to comprehend the unknown, but it is impossible for it to go beyond the "earthly circle". For the human mind, there is a boundary, predetermined and inevitable. The sight of a kite that rose from the field and disappeared in the sky leads the poet to such thoughts: “Mother Nature gave him / Two powerful, two living wings - / And I am here in sweat and dust, / I, the king of the earth, rooted to the ground ! .. "
This poem by F. I. Tyutchev is in tune with the Faust's monologue translated by him from the scene "At the Gates", which speaks of the striving "upward and into the distance" inherent in human nature. And it is characteristic that the hero of the tragedy Goethe connects the awakening of this innate feeling in him with the images of birds: a lark ringing in the sky, an eagle soaring over the tops of trees or a crane hurrying home.
Cliché for analysis
| Definition of genre (love, philosophical, civil, landscape, symbolist) | The poem "..." belongs to ... the lyrics The poem is a prime example .. lyricism The poem can be attributed to ... lyrics |
| Revealing the lyric plot, the experience of the lyric hero | We can say that the lyrical hero ... |
| Ideological level (idea, emotion) | The poem clearly captures the mood (joy, despondency, delight, hope) ... the motive of sadness sounds ... |
| Selection of compositional parts (if any) - the culmination part, digressions, oppositions of parts, ring composition | The poem consists of ... stanzas ... The work is built ... It has a clear structure. The culmination of the poem falls on ... |
| Interpretation of the name | The poem is so named because ... |
| Characteristics of images (nouns-images) - | Images (nouns) appear in the first stanza ... |
| Artistic and expressive means | |
| Actions and states (problem verbs) | ... notes (what?)... describes (what?)... concerns (what?) ...pays attention (for what?) ...reminds (about what?) |
| Space, time | The space is presented very interesting ... (description of the room and everything in it, from general to particular, from particular to general, description is presented from top to bottom, description of space in width, access to the level of the sky, space ...) |
| Stylistic level (vocabulary, rhyme, syntax) | The poem uses such syntactic means as ... (repetitions: anaphores, epiphores, inversion, parallelism, rhetorical questions, exclamations, silences) The sentences used are built ... |
| Phonic level (verse size, sound writing: alliteration, assonance) | ... The rhythmic pattern is based on a five-foot trochee ... The rhythm of the poem is based on a five-foot trochee ... The size of the poem is ... A special selection of consonant vowels (consonants) enhances the impression ... |