"Palekh Painting" - Resettlement. The Golden Cockerel. At the well. Christmas. Vasilisa is beautiful. Walking. Princess. Paleshan creativity. Troika. Wedding. Emelya. Children and grandchildren. Heroes of Russian epics. A little about the village of Palekh. Palekh painting. Three brothers. Snow Maiden. Owl. Lacquer miniatures. The Little Humpbacked Horse.
"Promysl Gzhel" - Porcelain products. Gzhel town. By the middle of the stroke, the pressure of the brush becomes weaker. Ancient town. How Gzhel craftsmen decorated their products. Where is the pattern located? Dishes. The smear consists of various shades of blue. Porous plaster. Gzhel. Elements of the so-called. Blue birds across the white sky. Gzhel masters.
"Elements of Gorodets painting" - Drawing flowers and leaves. Rhombus. Flower stripe. City location. Composition. Fantasy. Story painting. Assortment of manufactured items. Gorodets painting. Ornament types. Manufacture of children's furniture. Wreath. Painting cutting boards.
"Gorodets painting" - Sketch for painting a kitchen cutting board "Type of occupation: decorative drawing. The center is performed with pure paint, without whitewash. Gorodets painting originally originated in the city of Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod province. Flower petals have the shape of semicircular arches. 4. Proverbs are posted on the board. With several strokes of the brush, the master defines the silhouette of a flower in the form of a circle.
"History of the emergence of Gzhel" - The art of folk Russian porcelain. One of the traditional Russian ceramics production centers. Porcelain painting craft. The Secret of Porcelain. Artel repeated pre-revolutionary models. Artel "Artistic ceramics". Painting execution. Traditional painting with non-ferrous metal salts. Pottery pipes.
"Zhostovo painting" - Composition solution of the tray. What characteristic features of Zhostovo painting can you single out. Let's go on our first trip. Zhostovo. Let's go on a second trip. Zhostovo trays. Story painting. Thank you. Presentation. Fedoskino. ZHOSTOVO and FEDOSKINO. Performance of collective (group) work.
Various methods and techniques can be used in the work, it is not difficult for a teacher to choose visual material: dishes, albums, illustrations, photographs, transparencies, posters, postcards, but not everyone succeeds in showing the drawing technique and brush writing techniques correctly. Today we will try to remember and master the ABC of brush painting on the example of Khokhloma, Gzhel and Zhostovo painting. We will learn to draw flowers - the most beautiful, common and complex element of the pattern.
Secrets of the masters Before we start drawing a flower, let's practice writing strokes. To make the strokes beautiful, neat in brush painting, masters use special brushes: round squirrel or kolinsky 1, 2.3 - in Khokhloma painting, 2, 3 and 6 - in Gzhel and Zhostovo. The tip of the bristle of the brush should be very thin. At the beginning of training, it is important to hold the brush correctly. It must be in a strictly vertical position relative to work. The brush in the hand is held by three fingers: thumb, index and middle, so that the direction of movement of the brush is carried out by the middle finger.
The alphabet of brush strokes Flat stroke (brush 6) - we draw the whole pile straight and sharply raise the brush from the middle of the pile. Let's practice in different directions from left to right, from right to left and from top to bottom, from bottom to top. Let's combine several flat strokes in the shape of an oval and we will get the first element in the painting "crown", used as the upper part of the flower. Drop smear. We put the brush vertically, press to the middle, move the brush down and go to the tip. We draw the second stroke along with the first one on the right side - we get the first simple “heart” element. A comma stroke is done in exactly the same way as a flat stroke, but rotated to the left or right. If you draw two or three strokes together, you get an element of a flower pattern - a “petal”.
We start the “zigzag” stroke from the tip of the brush, turn the brush in one direction, press it to the middle and turn it in the other direction, finish the stroke with the end of the brush. Let's try to draw the "stalk" element - two "zigzag" strokes together. A stroke “in the plane” is a two-color stroke, on the brush we pick up colored paint on one side, remove the excess and take white on the other side. We put a smear so that two colors are obtained on the sheet at once. We practice drawing strokes “flat, droplet, comma and zigzag”. Let's try to execute the leaf element. To do this, we take two colors yellow and green on the brush and draw two “commas”, so that there is one color of paint in the center of the leaf.
Secrets of Gzhel painting Smear "penumbra". We pick up the paint with a half-wet brush from the palette and make a few strokes. After drawing 2-3 strokes, the brush must be washed and the paint drawn up again, then you get a stroke that is dark on one side and lighter on the other. Borders. The ornament is wide and uses the elements of dots, strokes, arcs.
We draw flowers based on Gzhel painting Materials. We use watercolor paint cobalt, brush 1, 3, 6, white paper and a sheet of paper for exercises. Bud. We begin to draw the upper unopened part of the rose “bud” - draw two “comma” strokes similar to a “cup”. And two petals from the bud in the same way from top to bottom. We turn the brush down to the left and to the right, draw straight short strokes of the “droplet” - two more petals of the bud. We start with the tip of the brush and end with the base. Then we take brush 3 and on top of the bud we lay the same strokes, we get a shadow. With brush 1, we finish drawing the “mesh” element inside the bud - with strokes tilted to one and the other side and decorate with a “whisker” on top. We draw a thin stalk and leaves "droplets".
Flower. We arrange strokes “commas” horizontally to make an oval. Beneath it, there are still wide strokes of the same kind, similar to the "bowl" element. Now we draw the petals, like a bud, only three on each side. Draw a deep shadow. We draw a thin, long stem, finish with a “droplet” stroke. We decorate the flower with "antennae" and "berries". Leaves. We draw with a brush 6, 3 - strokes of "droplet". We finish the grass. Grass "fern". First, draw a long stalk rounded at the end. Stepping back from the bottom edge, draw strokes of “droplets” parallel to each other in descending order in size.
Secrets of Zhostovo painting Double stroke. A feature of a double stroke is color and shade, for example, white and red, white and blue, green and yellow. Dip the brush into the red paint, remove the excess, and then draw white on the tip and draw and draw a stroke. Stages of work. On a black background, they first draw spots of flowers and leaves, their silhouette is called “underpainting”, then “shade” - they draw the darkest colors - shadows, bright colors are applied on top - this is a “laying”. And then the “glare” - highlights, animations, flowers become like real ones. The last to apply white strokes - called "drawing" and draw stems, antennae - "binding". Final stage. They draw a border - decorate with a thin pattern, along the edge with yellow - gold.
We draw flowers based on the Zhostovo painting Materials. Gouache, brush 6, 1 palette, black paper 20 cm in diameter, exercise sheet. Bud. We use the "double stroke" technique. We take colored paint on the brush, remove the excess, and white on the tip. First, draw a vertical stroke "comma", the second - a "zigzag" next to it and go to the "comma". We close the bud with long leaves, with “zigzag” strokes - on the left, right, front and back (the color of the stroke is green-yellow). We outline the base of the bud with a “comma” stroke. We finish drawing a thin stalk with spikes with a brush 1. We draw leaves with a brush 3 - two “comma” strokes together. We apply "flare" and "drawing".
Flower. Draw a circle with the whole brush, twist the brush in one place. We pass to the lower petals of the flower. The first petal is vertical, similar to the "heart" element. The second from the left and right under the circle. Still others are longer and lean down. Let's move on to the top petals. We circle the circle with two strokes of “commas”, in the middle of the circle we draw a “droplet” and next to it two strokes of “commas”. We apply "flare" and "drawing". Leaves. The first large, large ones from 1 to 3. Draw the outline of the “heart” with the end of the brush. With a double stroke, we further draw the veins of the leaf - from top to bottom from the middle of the leaf we apply “commas” strokes to each other. We apply "flare" and "drawing". Additionally, we decorate with grass - "binding". Grass. On a thin long stalk, strokes “zigzags” are applied in parallel and in descending order. Complement the "drawing".
Secrets of Khokhloma Khokhloma painting is divided into three main types: “horse” or “grass”, “under the background” and “kudrin”. A feature of Khokhloma painting is a curl, from which all elements curl and use four colors: red, black, yellow, green. Brush painting training begins with the implementation of the elements of "grass" on a sheet of paper - sedges, drops, curls, antennae, bushes. A distinctive feature of the strokes is that they begin and end with the end of the brush, and the movements are always rounded. Grass pattern. “Sedges” and “antennae” are drawn with the end of the brush, “blades of grass” and “curls” - by pressing on the middle of the pile of the brush, they begin and end with the tip of the brush. "Bush" you can start drawing from the bottom up or from the top down.
We draw flowers based on Khokhloma painting Materials. Gouache, brushes 1.3 yellow paper with a diameter of 20 cm, exercise sheet. Bud. We draw, opposite each other, two strokes of “grass” to make a “heart” element, starting from the tip of the brush and ending with a jerky movement of the hand. On the left and right, we draw petals similar to the “stalk” element - a double “comma” stroke, we always start from the tip of the brush. At the bottom we put a point with the “leg” of the brush. Decorate with black drops.
Flower. We draw a vertical stroke "droplet". On the one hand, there is a double stroke “comma”, which is longer than the “droplet” and goes around it. On the other side of the "droplet" is the same element, but longer. We also draw on the left, then on the right a triple stroke and the last one on the left is the same. Let's start drawing the lower petals of the flower. To the right and left of the lower part of the flower we draw petals similar to a “crow's foot”, they should be long. Then the same petals, first one in the middle, then two between them. We decorate all the petals with black "droplets". Bush. We start on one side of the bush to draw “sedges” 2-3, then “blades of grass” 1-2, a large “curl” and finish with “droplets”. Symmetrically draw the same strokes on the other side of the bush. We decorate with black "antennae".
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Blue birds across the white sky, A sea of blue flowers Jugs or mugs - a true story or a fairy tale Handicrafts of gold. Blue fairy tale - a feast for the eyes! Like drops in the spring Weasel, care, warmth and creation - Russian, sonorous Gzhel. gzhel
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All pottery in Russia has deep historical traditions. Many crafts remain famous today. One of the first places is occupied by Gzhel - the largest ceramic craft in terms of production scale. Gzhel is an ancient village on the banks of the Gzhelka River, located in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region, 60 km from Moscow. Here and now are the richest deposits of clay. The village got its name from the word "zhgel", i.e. “burn” or “burn” - all these are words from the lexicon of ancient potters. gzhel
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History of fishing The oldest mention of Gzhel was found in the will of Ivan Kalita dated 1328. Later, Gzhel is mentioned in the spiritual letters of other princes and in the will of Ivan the Terrible in 1572-1578. It all started with clay. Nature itself endowed this area: here is the Gzhelsko-Kudinovskoye deposit of fatty refractory clays. It is underground, and small villages and villages are spread on its surface. And how much does our handy people need - there is clay, there are hands - that's nice! Extensive mining of various types of clay has been carried out in Gzhel since the middle of the 17th century. In 1663, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree "to send clay suitable for apothecary vessels to the Gzhel volost for apothecary and alchemical vessels." In 1770, the Gzhel volost was entirely attributed to the Pharmaceutical order "for alchemical dishes."
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The history of crafting In the 18th century, Mikhailo Lomonosov, who was looking for the secret of porcelain and appreciated the Gzhel clays, wrote such lofty words about them: Gzhel, which I have never seen in whiteness more excellent. Until the middle of the 18th century, Gzhel made the usual pottery for that time, made bricks, pottery pipes, tiles, as well as primitive children's toys, supplying Moscow with them.
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After 1802, when light gray clay was found, the production of semi-faience arose in Gzhel, from which kvass, kumgans and jugs were made. Semi-faience was characterized by a rough structure and low strength. Around 1800, the peasants, the Kulikov brothers, found the composition of the white faience mass. In the same place, around 1800-1804, the first porcelain factory was founded. Pavel Kulikov, its founder, learned the technique of making porcelain. Wanting to keep the secret of porcelain production, Kulikov did everything himself, having only one worker, but, according to legend, G. N. Khrapunov and E. G. Gusyatnikov secretly entered Kulikov’s workshop, copied the forge (kiln for firing products) and took possession of clay samples , after which they opened their own factories. The Kulikov factory is remarkable in that the porcelain production of Gzhel came from it. The history of the fishery
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By 1812, there were 25 factories producing dishes in Gzhel. In addition to dishes, toys in the form of birds and animals, decorative figurines on themes from Russian life were made in Gzhel. Shiny white horses, riders, birds, dolls, miniature dishes were painted with purple, yellow, blue and brown colors in a peculiar folk, Gzhel style. The colors were applied with a brush. The motifs of this painting were decorative flowers, leaves, herbs. Since the second half of the 20s of the XIX century, many products were painted only with blue paint. The history of the fishery
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The second quarter of the 19th century is the period of the highest artistic achievements of Gzhel ceramic art in all its branches. In an effort to obtain fine faience and porcelain, the owners of the factories constantly improved the composition of the white mass. From the middle of the 19th century, many Gzhel factories fell into decay, and ceramic production was concentrated in the hands of the Kuznetsovs, who once came from Gzhel. After the revolution, the Kuznetsov factories were nationalized. The history of the industry.
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Only from the middle of the 20th century, the restoration of the craft, which recently celebrated its 650th anniversary, began in Gzhel. In the 1930s and 1940s, almost half of all porcelain and faience enterprises in Russia were concentrated here. In 1912, a station was opened on the Kazan railway on the Moscow-Cherust branch, which received the name "Gzhel" after the locality. The urban-type settlement that grew up at the station is also called Gzhel. The history of the fishery
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How is Gzhel different from other paintings? The signature color of Gzhel painting is rich blue, bright blue, cornflower blue, the color of sky and water. Just one paint - blue on a white background, and the picture comes to life, and blue overflows appear from dark to blue, depending on the pressure of the artist's brush. The artist has only one cobalt paint, which turns blue. It is diluted with water, the work is covered with strokes, lines.
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Ceramic production technology. Now the technological chain is built as follows: Forming (casting in plaster molds) Drying Manual inspection Checking for cracks Firing (electric furnace) Painting shop. It is behind these "production" words that the secret of the creation of Gzhel products and the work of many people is hidden: incl. technology masters, sculptors, foundry workers, ceramic artists! Gzhel clay is distinguished by special qualities: high plasticity and refractoriness. She is fat, i.e. it has little sand. Accumulated clay undergoes a thorough primary processing: freezing, elutriation, kneading. Clay is a living material!
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Vocabulary Porcelain - thin ceramic products, impervious to water, usually white, sonorous, translucent in a thin layer. Porcelain raw materials: kaolin, plastic clay, quartz and feldspar. Porcelain is usually obtained by high-temperature firing. Faience - products of thin ceramics, dense and finely porous. It differs from porcelain in greater porosity and water absorption, therefore all faience products are covered with a thin continuous layer of glaze. Faience raw materials: 60-65% plastic materials (kaolin, clay); 30-36% quartz; 3-5% feldspar. Faience is obtained by three-stage firing: biscuit (t-1250˚), glaze (t-1100˚) and fixing pattern (t-700-900˚). Ceramics - products made from fired clay. Majolica - artistic ceramics, i.e. covered with opaque glaze. Kvasnik is a jug with a hole in the center. Kumgan is a vessel in which drinks were served on the festive table in the old days.
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Vocabulary Majolica - artistic ceramics, i.e. covered with opaque glaze Gzhel majolica
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Kumgan is a bird-like jug with a rounded body, a flat, curved spout and a tail handle. Kvasnik - a jug with a hole in the center Dictionary
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The most favorite pattern is the Gzhel rose. Sometimes it is depicted in large, wide strokes. And sometimes written with a thin brush. Then we see a bouquet of several roses. The flowers are scattered all over the surface. It also happens that there is no rose itself, there are only its petals. They also decorate porcelain with outlandish birds and scenes from people's lives.
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Gzhel painting is divided into three types: Floral painting. These are grass, cereals, berries, twigs, leaves, bouquets and garlands of flowers. In addition to roses, poppies, dahlias, lilies, peonies, asters, carnations, and daisies are depicted. Their form is a bit arbitrary.
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Ornamental. First of all, these are checkers - several rows of blue-white squares along the side and a layering belt also along the side. The artists also painted the famous Gzhel nets - “combs” (in the form of spruce), “droplets”, “pearls”, “antennae”. Using a brush with a hard bristle, a “marbled” pattern is applied. They fill the space inside, for example, wavy lines, or circles at the bottom of the plate. Gzhel painting is divided into three types:
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Plots. It is nature and the seasons. These are scenes of city life, rural landscape and life, etc. These are characters from Russian fairy tales: Blue Birds, Polkans, Sirin's birds, various Mermaids, Bayun Cats, etc. Gzhel painting is divided into three types:
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What do we want to find out? How were Gzhel dishes painted? What material was it made from? In what region of Russia did this fishery develop? What colors did the Masters use when painting dishes? Did the Gzhel Masters only paint the dishes?
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We believe that this craft is very old. They were engaged in by great masters who achieved high results in their work. This craft is developing today, as in stores you can buy the same products that are stored in museums. Our guess
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Questions to which answers must be sought What elements does the Gzhel painting consist of? Where did this industry originate? Who is a Master?
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1. Discuss the topic in class. 2. We will divide into groups and look for answers to questions. 3. We will show the prepared material to our classmates. must learn to collect information about traditional crafts from historical sources learn to analyze the selected literature characterize this craft learn to draw conclusions learn to work in groups when mastering the skills and abilities to create a paper service with a reflection of one of the crafts Plan of our actions To answer all the questions, we :
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To find answers, you need to Study the data on the fishery in the encyclopedia Read historical materials Watch documentaries on this topic 4. Get acquainted with historical samples of decorative and applied arts in virtual museums 5. Meet library workers 6. Find information on the Internet
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Gzhel is a large district, uniting up to 30 villages and villages, located 60 km from Moscow. Archaeological research on the territory of Gzhel confirms the existence of pottery here since the beginning of the 14th century. And no wonder, the Gzhel land has long been rich in forests, rivers, high-quality clays. Since then, in its more than six centuries of history, Gzhel has experienced different periods. Gzhel is known for the mass production of ceramic dishes, toys and decorative figurines throughout the 19th century. At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the Gzhel craft fell into decline. The famous Gzhel owes its revival to the art historian A.B. Saltykov, artist N.I. Bessarabova and local craftswomen. What have we learned
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When developing a new style, the principle of combining a white background with a blue painting was taken as a basis. In 1978, the leading artists of the Gzhel association were awarded the A. I.N. Repin. The company is successfully operating at the present time. In addition to dishes, Gzhel craftsmen make decorative sculptures: people, animals and scenes from life. Gzhel dishes are very diverse in form and purpose: plates, butter dishes, salt shakers, cups, teapots, bowls. Traditional hand-painted floral and geometric designs applied with quick, luscious brush strokes. Hand painting allows you to create many variations of the same decorative motif.
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Painting elements
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Gzhel and wood carving "Tatyanka"
We present to you unique woodworks in which two completely different styles of arts and crafts Gzhel painting and wood carving "Tatyanka" are harmoniously intertwined. An attempt to combine these two different directions was made for the first time. The works presented here are copyrighted and are 100% exclusive.
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Products made today
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As a result of the study, we found out Where the Gzhel craft originated How old is this Russian folk craft What Masters work at the Gzhel factory What drawing elements are used in Gzhel painting What colors are painted on dishes and household items
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Gzhel is the name of a picturesque region near Moscow. Gzhel is the cradle and main center of Russian ceramics. Here its best features were formed and the highest achievements of folk art were manifested. This region was unusually rich in pottery clays. Therefore, almost the entire population of almost three dozen surrounding villages and villages has long been engaged in the manufacture of pottery, especially since there was no shortage of fuel - dense forests stretched around. It is no coincidence that in the very word "Gzhel" echoes of the verb "burn" are heard. Gzhel products have always had a pronounced folk character, they carried national features. It is symbolic that already in the 19th century the words "Gzhel" and "Russian folk ceramics" became largely synonymous. Our findings
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GZHEL Educator: Zvereva Uliana Alexandrovna
Purpose: to introduce children to Russian folk craft using the example of Gzhel painting. Tasks: 1. to form the ability of children to draw up a three-dimensional plane with elements of a Gzhel painting pattern. 2. To consolidate children's ideas about folk crafts. 3. To develop in children an interest in folk arts and crafts, to promote the development of aesthetic taste, the formation of beauty.
In the Russian state, not far from Moscow, among forests and fields, stands the town of Gzhel. A long time ago - they lived a long time ago - there were brave and smart, beautiful and skilled craftsmen. Once they got together and began to think how it would be better for them to show their skills, to please all people and glorify their land. Thought - thought and came up with. They found in their native land wonderful clay, white - white. And they decided to sculpt different dishes from it, but such as the world had never seen.
And Gzhel is famous for its color. It is always the same: blue on a white background. The Gzhel people themselves like to say that their sky, like nowhere else in Russia, is blue - blue. So they decided to transfer this blue to white porcelain. On a white background, cups or candlesticks are drawn by the artist's hand with a brush of paint. Now stronger, then weaker presses on it.
And everything that the brush paints becomes blue and blue. And flowers, and people, and birds, and grass. Just one paint. And what an elegant and festive painting turns out
The most special thing in Gzhel painting is a “dab with shadows”. The peculiarity lies in the fact that with one movement of the brush a wide range of color transition is achieved from deep, dark tones to very light and light. In general, each stroke consists of different shades of blue. The color gradually weakens, moving from heavy, almost black to light, light, almost white, merging with the background and, as it were, dissolving in it.
Painting elements
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