Currently, the world economy is going through a complex process - globalization. It has already resulted in huge transformations. They affected almost all sectors of the national economies of most countries. At the same time, the ongoing changes are in many cases spontaneous, difficult to predict in advance. This sometimes has a negative impact on entire individual countries, ultimately bringing irreparable losses. In this regard, the scientists of many states were given the task of studying the internal processes of globalization, which directly depend on the development of each subject of the world market.
Globalization process
The modern general movement cannot be fit into the framework of previously existing theoretical schemes based on historical events that have already occurred. The systems used before were based on the theory of the development of mankind unlimited in time and space. Globalization and its basic laws have clearly shown the fallacy of this statement: the sustainable development and functioning of the world economy is limited by the finite resources and life processes of mankind. As a result, a new concept of global development has emerged, consisting of many strategies, with limited conditions, aimed at solving global problems. The fight against poverty and the achievement of the general well-being of the population of the planet are one of the most important tasks of globalization, which can be achieved only if the income of the population grows and the overall productivity of labor in each individual state increases. At the same time, in the process of achieving the set goals, a huge role is played by the totality of all external and internal factors, such as the state of the environment and relationships in human society. Only with the right interaction of people in society and society with the environment will it become possible to significantly increase the parameters of overall development in quantitative and qualitative terms.
Russia in the modern economic system
With the collapse of the USSR and the transition to market relations, the Russian economy experienced a huge shock, from which it has not fully recovered to this day. Today, it is faced with the task of choosing a strategy for a long-term period of time, depending on which its further place in the world will be determined. It is very important to give a correct assessment of all the possibilities of the country and determine the starting position from which the start will be made. At the same time, the role and place of Russia should be assessed from the point of view of the sustainability of its economy, which, in turn, should strive to minimize costs based on the irreplaceability of some natural resources and their replacement with renewable or less rare ones. An important factor in this is the preservation of the environment in an unchanged state. In modern conditions, when in most industries the production equipment has long been obsolete, a general change in the domestic economy is possible only with the introduction of innovative technologies. The use of new methods and schemes will improve the quality and quantity of products. This will ultimately lead to an increase in the competitiveness of the state. This condition is one of the principles that determine the sustainable development of Russian regions in the process of world globalization. Therefore, all the changes that occur need constant careful study, on the basis of which they will be further adjusted. The social fund for the development of regions is of great importance in this matter. In addition to the tasks of improving the economic activity of the territories, the activity of the association is aimed at maintaining the proper level of public protection of citizens. The Social Fund for the Development of Regions puts the even distribution of power and care of the state over all the country's territories among the issues of paramount importance.
Globalization in modern literature
Modern economic theory has devoted a huge number of works. However, in the scientific world there is still no clear concept of globalization, each of the authors dealing with this topic brings something of his own, putting his own understanding of this process. At the same time, most scientists distinguish several systems that are part of the process of globalization. These include, in particular, the financial sector, the production system and the information technology market. Researchers also recognize the impact that the process of globalization has on the whole. So, due to the computerization of society, the boundaries of financial markets are erased, it becomes easier to move capital, the economic division of states becomes conditional.
Problems of globalization
To characterize the process of globalization more fully, it is necessary to study all the forms in which it manifests itself. To do this, at the first stage, it is necessary to classify general problems, that is, to distribute specific problems into separate groups, from which in the future a complex system will be obtained - a program for the development of the region. With this approach to classification, it is easier to solve the problem of theoretical understanding and finding solutions. At the same time, the division of problems into groups is not the ultimate goal. This is just one of the most important parts in a comprehensive approach to problem solving. This method allows you to identify the relevance of tasks, highlight the main connections, establish ways of interaction and determine global issues, the study of which should take place in the first place. In addition, by classifying the problems and taking into account the mutual influence, the final sequence of practical actions is formed to solve the tasks. A properly carried out classification breaks the general problem into stages, as a result of which the studies of each stage become more detailed and correct. Thus, the factors of development of the region become more clearly visible.
Modern literature also does not give an unambiguous recommendation for structuring the total set of problems into groups. There are many different methods that describe this process. As a result, the assignment of any problem to a particular group is rather arbitrary. In this regard, this method of dividing into groups is considered not as the only true one, but as one of the few, the results of which should be paid close attention. It helps to better understand the nature of the emergence of global problems and to establish their internal relationships with each other. This need to break the general into subgroups is primarily due to the limited human capabilities, due to which people are not able to immediately cope with the whole universal task.
Subjects of the economic system
Sustainable is primarily characterized by the relationship between production and capital. At the same time, a feature of management is the expansion of its influence on more and more new subjects every year. In this regard, there is a constant growth of trade relations between market entities in the field of commodity relations and services. The structure of the region's economy includes several aspects. In particular, these should include:
Strengthening the interaction between market entities, significantly outpacing the increase in production;
Creation of international corporations;
Constant migration of capital from the economy of one entity to the economy of another with currency conversion;
Redistribution of commodity and financial flows between market participants.
A single economic world system has a direct impact on the number of groups within one region, each of which has its own impact on world GDP. Ultimately, most of world trade is in the provision of services and the exchange of products (raw materials) between industries. A clear example of this is the relationship between highly developed market entities, which account for over 60% of the total world trade. At the same time, the population of these subjects is less than 20% of the total population of the Earth. A prominent representative is the EU, in which up to 70% of the total turnover is trade between the members of the union.
Corporations and credit organizations
The main direction of the modern economy is the general globalization of capital. Under these conditions, each state participating in the world economic system has to work with transnational corporations, which in most cases act as equal partners. In this case, enterprises are able to have a significant impact on the world economy as a whole. In this regard, national governments at the highest level are forced to conclude various economic agreements with them. In this situation, a powerful impetus to development received capital. It became necessary to create special trading platforms where creditor banks located in one country and working in the money of this country can issue loans or deposits not in the national currency. Moreover, such operations are no longer within the framework of national legislation. The following situation arises in the lending market: not limited by national laws, such markets are acquired at the expense of an unregulated level of interest rates. This ultimately led to a significant increase in the credit resources of the world economy and greatly simplified access to them by the end consumer. This, in turn, had a significant impact on social development.
Innovative development of the region
In our country, as noted above, the main priority for improving economic activity is the introduction of new developments in all areas of the population's activity. However, this cannot be achieved by a direct order from above. In this regard, one of the main roles in solving this problem is assigned to local authorities, which, in turn, must set appropriate priorities in their direct activities. At the first stage, the development strategy of the region includes the creation of favorable conditions in the territories under their control for the development of production and entrepreneurial activity, and the provision of comfortable conditions for investment. It is important to react in a timely manner to ongoing global changes. It is also necessary to regularly edit the tasks set aimed at the sustainable development of the region, the ways and methods of achieving them. Not the last role in the process is played by the natural features of the territory. They are taken into account by researchers assessing the prospects for Russia's development. For a better use of the potential of the territory, the state is involved in the process, legislative acts are established at the state level. Participation in this case is carried out by attracting own capital and human resources to the most interesting projects from an economic point of view. When considering the prospects for the development of Russia, it is important to find ways to support science-intensive and high-tech production. The solution of these issues is considered one of the paramount in the modern world. Only thanks to an integrated approach to management on the part of the state and local authorities, high-quality and competitive economic development of Russia is possible. This requires the introduction of new advanced approaches both to already functioning industries and to new ones being introduced on the territory of the subject. In most cases, the competitiveness and sustainable development of the region depends on the ability to quickly introduce modern technologies.
Associations of market participants within the subject
The ability to unite and teamwork of all organizations and enterprises located in the region comes to the fore in achieving a technological leap in each individual market entity. Only if all branches of production are combined into a single technological process, it is possible to create a high-quality competitive product. At the same time, such an association must be legally recognized by the regional (state) authorities. One of the types of this recognition is the regional development fund, approved at the state level. It includes the interests of all participants: authorities, financial organizations, industrial enterprises and other market participants of the subject. In this case, the efficiency of the final production will directly depend on the competitiveness of products on a high-tech trading platform, the participants of which will be not individual enterprises, but entire scientific complexes and associations. In this case, all conditions will be created for the development and implementation of new products: financial support and a production base, which will ultimately lead to strengthening the position of a separate territory and improve the economic development of Russia as a whole. Members of the association are interconnected in various ways. They assume a number of obligations, jointly coordinate their actions in the financial sector, in the field of investment marketing and a number of other areas of management. The region is not left without attention. Participation in this union is voluntary, the main task of each participant is to maximize profits. The creation and functioning of such associations within the framework of a business entity allows the region to seamlessly move to a model that implies sustainable development of the region, based on innovations introduced into various types of processes.
Market competition
Competition is one of the key concepts in describing market relations. Only under conditions of free trade competition can the system develop painlessly. Competition is a universal tool in determining the number of market participants, supply volumes and prices. The main goal of any business is to maximize profits. To do this, in conditions of open competition, each individual manufacturer needs to surpass its rivals in some way. In this case, "competition" is a key element of the market mechanism, it provides the most beneficial interaction in the sphere of producer-consumer, as well as in the process of using trading capital. In competitive production, each entrepreneur cares not only about reducing costs, but also about expanding and improving the quality of output. All this is aimed at improving the characteristics of the product, reducing its price, which means gaining advantages over other manufacturers. In this case, competition acts as a motivating element in economic progress. As a result, new technologies are being introduced, the range of goods and services is expanding, the price is being reduced and the quality is being improved.
Competition functions
The main functions of competition are:
Orientation of each manufacturer to the needs of the end consumer (in the case when the enterprise becomes uncompetitive, its goods do not find the final buyer and the activity for the production of goods stops);
Natural selection among manufacturers (at the same time, an enterprise with more expensive or low-quality products leaves the market);
Impact on production and growth of its efficiency;
Impact on the redistribution of initial resources;
Regulation of the price level in the market of goods and services.
Not the last role in the competitive struggle in each industrial sector is played by the time during which the process of establishing the production of products takes place. Conventionally, it can be divided into four stages:
1. Introduction of new products. At this stage, there are small volumes of goods sold, a relatively high price compared to analogues (if any).
2. Stage of growth. There is an increase in production volumes due to increased demand, while high prices remain.
3. Stage of maturity. The volume of production reaches its peak, then there is a drop in demand due to an oversupply of goods on the market, as a result of competition, there is a drop in prices.
4. Stage of obsolescence. Demand for products reaches its minimum, production volumes are reduced, the level of competition tends to zero, more functional analogues appear on the market, and most of the products are discontinued.
Podprugin Maxim Olegovich, Applicant of the Department of Economics, Organization and Production Management, East Siberian State University of Technology and Management, Ulan-Ude, Russia
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Annotation:
The sustainable development of the region is ensured, first of all, by the balance between the factors of socio-economic and natural-ecological development. The article discusses the main approaches to this concept within the framework of the regional economy, clarifies the concept of sustainable development of the region, and describes the factors influencing the process of its sustainable development.
JEL classification:
Recently, a large number of specialists in the field of regional science, as well as leaders of territories, regions, republics, agree on one thing - the subjects of the Russian Federation should be considered regions. In this regard, the most reasonable is the concept of "region", which is introduced by I.V. Arzhenovsky. He defines a region as “a part of the country's territory that emerged in the process of the social division of labor and is characterized by specialization in the production of goods and services, commonality and a specific nature of the reproduction process in relation to other territories; the complexity and integrity of the economy, the presence of management bodies that ensure the solution of the problems facing the region” .
A similar point of view is also shared by B.C. Bilchak and V.F. Zakharov, who defined the region as a socio-economic spatial integrity, characterized by the structure of production of all forms of ownership, the concentration of the population, jobs, spiritual life of a person per unit of space and time, which has local authorities of the territory (region, territory, republic) .
Thus, a region is a territory within the administrative boundaries of a subject of the federation, characterized by the following fundamental features: complexity, integrity, specialization and manageability, that is, the presence of political and administrative authorities.
The concept of "development of the region"
The development of the region is understood as any progressive change, primarily in the economic sphere. This change can be quantitative, then one speaks of economic growth. It can be qualitative, and then one speaks of structural changes in the content of development. Along with economic characteristics, social parameters of development are considered. Moreover, social characteristics are full-fledged indicators in assessing the degree of development of the region.
The main goal of the economic development of the regions is to improve the quality of life of the population. The development goals of the region are to increase incomes, improve education, nutrition and health, reduce poverty, improve the environment, equal opportunities, expand personal freedom, enrich cultural life, etc.
It should be noted that a number of researchers justify that the implementation of sustainable development should be carried out in the regions, since they are characterized by complexity, integrity, specialization and manageability; are historically the most stable territorial entities that have formed over the period of existence; have the most optimal structure for positioning in the foreign economic space; have significant experience in combining the practice of stimulating market transformations in the territories with the policy of regulating these processes.
The concept of "sustainable development of the region"
The sustainable development paradigm, which implies a dynamic process of successive positive changes that ensure a balance of economic, social and environmental aspects, should underlie the formation of approaches to resolving the problems of territorial entities. This is especially true today, when the center of gravity of economic reforms is being shifted to the level of the regions and their role in the implementation of the state's economic policy is strengthening.
The priority approach in the implementation of reforms at the regional level should be the conviction that it is necessary to abandon the identification of the development of the territory with its economic development. It is impossible to consider the region as sustainable developing only on the basis of the improvement of economic indicators. Sustainable development should be aimed at achieving a high quality of life for the population, with a positive dynamics of a set of indicators.
P.M. Ivanov understands the viability of the system as sustainable development of the region. At the same time, the viability of the system is defined as the ability to live and develop, that is, a territory with the property of stability is capable of surviving and developing in a specific environment. The sustainability of regional development determines the ability of the region to maintain and develop the value of the necessary parameters of the quality of life of the population within the safety threshold or above it in the event of fluctuations in external and internal influences (socio-political, socio-economic, technogenic, natural-climatic and other) that threaten a drop in quality the life of the population.
When classifying regions in Russia according to the level and pace of development, they usually distinguish: developing, problematic and depressive.
The sustainability of the development of the region's economy as a specific quality is achieved as a result of overcoming many obstacles and is not a given for a long period of time. In a crisis situation, sustainability is survival and subsequent achievement of a progressive process in the main areas of life. So, O.K. Tsapievak considers the main forms of stability of the regional system:
− unsustainable development;
− hyperstability;
− global sustainability;
− Approximate sustainable development of the regional system;
− stable system .
Features of Russia (large scale, regional diversity, state of transition economy) require more active, in comparison with the usual world practice, government activities to eliminate disproportions in the economic space, solve complex regional problems, and create conditions for the sustainable development of regions.
The transition to a new economic system required a deep reform of state regulation of regional development. The main directions of reform are determined by such processes as the replacement of administrative-command management with market mechanisms, a change in the ownership structure, as well as the improvement of the federal system, and the expansion of the economic rights of the regions.
On fig. the main factors influencing the formation of sustainable development of the region in modern conditions are presented.
The main factors of sustainable development of the region
The figure shows that the main factors can be divided into 7 main blocks:
1) environmental factors:
− natural and climatic conditions;
− technogenic pollution. Technogenic pollution should include not only pollution in the region, but also transboundary pollution (air, water, etc.), and this applies not only to other states, but also to other regions of the country. For example, the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill is located in the Irkutsk region, but it pollutes the waters of Lake Baikal, which also belongs to Buryatia;
2) financial and economic factors:
− stability of the regional budget, independence from subsidies, transfers from the federal budget;
− participation of the region in federal target programs, priority national projects, strategies for the development of macroregions;
− activities of credit institutions, insurance companies, etc.;
− impact of economic instability;
3) industrial production factors:
− availability of a powerful production base;
− availability of mineral resources in the region;
− dependence of the region on monopolies (oil and gas monopolies, electric and heat power enterprises, railways, telecommunications companies, etc.);
4) availability of developed infrastructure in the region:
− availability and condition of the road network, railways, airfields, river and sea ports in the region;
− communications, telecommunications, Internet accessibility;
− market infrastructure;
5) food security of the region:
− state of agriculture in the region;
− the state of the trading network;
− availability and development of processing enterprises;
− activity of vertically integrated complexes in the agro-industrial complex;
6) regional marketing:
− recognition of the region in the federal media;
− brands of the region;
− national, regional holidays, celebrations;
7) social sphere, culture, social activities:
− developed social sphere;
− scientific, educational institutions;
− availability of qualified labor resources and jobs;
− institutions of culture and art, events, etc.;
− activities of public organizations (non-profit, environmental, student, trade unions, etc.);
- interethnic, interreligious relations.
The priority direction of the new stage of economic changes is the innovative modernization of the economy of the regions of Russia. In achieving this goal, regional authorities are called upon to play an important role, in connection with this, the priorities of their activities should change. At the previous stage, their main task was to create conditions for the development of entrepreneurial activity in order to attract investment. The conditions are changing, and today the problems of orientation towards creating conditions for the sustainable development of the region, enhancing innovation, improving the structure of the region's economy, and increasing the competitiveness of products and services are coming to the fore.
Conclusion
Thus, the sustainable development of the region is a complex process leading to solving the problems of the population at the regional level, to improving the living conditions of the inhabitants of the region by achieving a balance of socio-economic and environmental development, carried out on the basis of the rational use of the entire resource potential of the region, including the geographical features of the region , as well as features of the economy, infrastructure, industry and the potential of individual cities belonging to this region. 3. Golubetskaya N.P. Indicative approaches to determining the priority of investments in entrepreneurial activity of the North-West region of Russia / N.P. Golubetskaya, O.N. Makarov, V.I. Bovkun // Economics of the North-West: problems and development prospects. - 2005. - No. 4 (26). – S. 53−65.
4. Maiburov I. Sustainable development as a co-evolutionary process // Society and Economics. - 2004. - No. 4. - C. 124−143.
5. Pchelintsev O.S. Regulation of the reproductive potential of the territory as the basis of regional policy / O.S. Pchelintsev, V.Ya. Lyubovny, A.B. Voyakina // Problems of Forecasting. - 2000. - No. 5. - S. 62−68.
6. Tatarkin A.I. Modeling of sustainable development as a condition for increasing the economic security of the territory / A.I. Tatarkin, D.S. Lvov, A.A. Kuklin and others - Yekaterinburg: publishing house Ural. University, 1999. - 276 p.
7. Uskova T.V. Sustainable development of the region: from conceptual foundations to practical results. / T.V. Uskova, S.S. Kopasova. // Economic and social changes in the region: facts, trends, forecast / VNKTs CEMI RAS. -2008. - Issue. 43. - S. 21−31.
8. Ivanov P.M. Algebraic modeling of complex systems. – M.: Nauka, 1996. – 185 p.
9. Tsapieva O.K. Economic problems of regions and industry complexes // Problems of modern economics. - 2010. - No. 2 (34). – S. 46−49.
10. Granberg A.G. Fundamentals of regional economics: a textbook for universities. - M.: Higher School of Economics, 2007. - 495 p.
11. Sysoeva V.N. Sustainable development of the region based on the formation of innovative clusters. - Author's abstract ... cand. economy Sciences. - Tambov, 2007. - 24 p.
The Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Tatarstan informs about the beginning of the autumn stage of the selection of the Competition "Annual Public Award "Regions - Sustainable Development", organized by PJSC "Sberbank of Russia", PJSC "VTB Bank" and JSC "Rosselkhozbank" with the support of the Government of the Russian Federation.
The competition is a one-stop shop for the selection, preparation for implementation and implementation of investment projects with the provision of special conditions for lending and investment co-financing.
Organizing Committee of the Competition"Annual public award
Guidelines for the selection and consideration of regional projects of participants in the Competition "Regions - sustainable development"(hereinafter referred to as the Competition)2018
- OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPETITION
- Selection of the best projects in the real sector of the economy, advanced technologies and management decisions;
- Public and state recognition of best practices in the sustainable development of the country, subject of the Russian Federation, municipality and its subsequent dissemination in the territory of the Russian Federation;
- Development of public-private partnership;
- Drawing attention to the investment potential of the regions of the Russian Federation;
- Attracting attention to problem areas lagging behind in terms of their development;
- Providing objective information to the leadership of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities and industry enterprises about the real situation developing around the implementation of investment projects;
- Formation of a positive image of the housing and communal services, WSS and waste management sectors, and affirmation of a stable consciousness among citizens that the situation in these sectors can be changed.
- PURPOSE OF THE COMPETITION
- PROCEDURE FOR SELECTION AND SUBMISSION OF PROJECTS FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE COMPETITION
- Projects that meet the following criteria are eligible to participate in the Competition:
- The project must be implemented on the territory of the Russian Federation and contribute to the achievement of positive social changes in society; The project should be aimed at solving existing economic and social problems; improvement of the investment climate of the subject; the emergence of long-term, sustainable positive socio-economic changes; improving the quality of life of the population of the region. The project must contain a certain degree of novelty in the approach to solving social problems or an innovative component; The project must have the potential to be replicated in other regions of the Russian Federation; The project should be aimed at creating financially sustainable business models that can operate on their own after funding is completed.; The project budget must be provided by the Applicant's own funds by at least 10%.
- Metallurgy; Chemical complex; pharmaceutical industry; Timber industry complex; Light industry; Building complex; Transport complex; Trade and consumer services; Hotels; Agriculture; Industries supplying material resources for agriculture (tractor and agricultural engineering, production of fertilizers and chemicals for agriculture); Industries processing agricultural products (food and flavor industry, primary processing of agricultural raw materials for light industry, for example, cotton ginneries); Infrastructural activities serving agriculture (harvesting, transportation, storage and trade in agricultural products, etc.). Fuel and energy complex; Recreation and entertainment, culture and sportsand etc.
- the implementation of commercial activities of non-profit organizations that are not related to the statutory activities of the organization and do not have a direct social effect; financing the activities of other organizations in terms of replenishing their loan portfolios and creating systems for lending and / or other financing of other projects / organizations; conducting scientific research; development of various methods; grantmaking (provision of grants, donations) to other organizations and (or) individuals; writing, publishing manuscripts in a printing house (as the main activity of the project); publishing magazines, newspapers (as the main business idea of the project); carrying out political and religious activities, supporting ethnic groups, etc.; carrying out activities that may lead to discrimination based on gender, race, religion, age and sexual orientation, as well as other activities that are contrary to the constitution of the Russian Federation.
- In the period from August 01 to August 15 and from February 01 to February 15 of the current year, the employee of the Administration of the subject of the federation responsible for interaction with the Organizing Committee of the Competition determines the list of sectoral executive authorities and interested structures formed in the subject of the Russian Federation involved in attracting investments, and submitted to The Organizing Committee of the Competition according to Form F-1/K, as well as the list of municipalities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation according to Form F-2/K:
Form F-2 / KCertificate of responsible employees of the municipalities of the Subject of the Russian Federation
Responsible for interaction with the Organizing Committee of the Competition from ________ (subject of the Russian Federation)
Signature _____________________ transcript of the signature
- The Organizing Committee of the Competition, within a period not exceeding 5 (five) business days from the date of receipt of the certificate submitted in accordance with Form F-1/K and Form F-2/K, specified in clauses 3.4.1., distributes information and reference materials to addresses of performers specified in Form F-1/K and Form F-2/K. The Organizing Committee of the Contest, in cooperation with the employee of the Administration of the subject of the federation responsible for interaction with the Organizing Committee of the Contest, determines the date, time and subject of the vibinar with the performers determined by the Form F-1 / K and Form F-2 / K, taking into account the timing no later than, than September 15 for the autumn and March 30 for the spring stages of selection of investment projects. The executors indicated in Form F-1/K and Form F-2/K, defined in clauses 3.4.1., select investment projects and send them from September 01 to October 15 and from March 01 to May 15 of the current year to the responsible for interaction with the Organizing Committee of the Competition to an employee of the Administration of the subject of the federation applications for industry projects with copies of the Participants' applications in the form given in clause 3.5. The executive authority of the subject of the federation, forms and sends by e-mail to the Organizing Committee of the Competition in the period from September 15 to October 30 and from March 15 to May 30 of the current year a generalized regional application in the form:
Chairman of the Government of _____________ (subject of the Russian Federation)
Signature ____________________________ signature transcript
With the application of copies of the applications of the Participants in the form:
Application for participation in the Competition"Annual Public Award "Regions - Sustainable Development" Attention! All fields must be completedcontinuation
***below you must specify the name of the property and the total area
37. Contact person (for completing this questionnaire)Head of the company _______________________ Signature________________
Notes: Applications established by the Regulations of the Competition and this Application are not sent from the subject of the federation. The application in the original with the applications and documents established by the Regulations of the Competition is sent to the Organizing Committee of the Competition by the Applicant organization independently within the time limits established by the Regulations of the Competition.- Within the terms established by the Regulations for consideration of competitive applications, the Organizing Committee of the Competition forms and sends to the address of the subject of the federation a certificate of consideration of regional applications in the following form:
Signature ___________________ transcript
- PROCEDURE FOR CONSIDERATION OF DOCUMENTS AT THE DECISION-MAKING STAGE BY THE BANK IN THE PROCEDURE OF PERFORMING THE FUNCTIONS OF AN EXTERNAL FINANCIAL EXPERT
- Selection of promising regional projects for investment;
- Active participation of the Bank's territorial divisions as an external expert of the Finance Contest in the process of preparation for implementation and as a Lender in the implementation of investment projects;
- Fixing the terms for consideration of applications and documents at the stages of making preliminary and final decisions;
- Close and productive interaction with the working bodies of the Competition;
- Studying the real state of affairs in the application of state support funds within the framework of the existing FTPs and regional development programs in the implementation of regional infrastructure projects, active positive influence on the process by participating in the implementation of investment agreements as a Party by agreement, a member of the coordinating council for the implementation of the investment project.
Financial documents
A copy of the balance sheet of the enterprise for the last 2 annual reporting dates as part of balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, cash flow statement, statement of intended use of funds, notes to the balance sheet and income statement, drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation, with a mark of acceptance by the tax inspectorate or a receipt of acceptance of documents by the tax inspectorate (when submitting reports in electronic form) (for organizations using the regular taxation system)
4.3.3. A specialized subdivision of the Bank, authorized by the head, registers received documents, distributes for consideration to the regional subdivisions of the Bank (regional representatives of the External Expert of the Competition) for study and issuance of a preliminary opinion on projects, organizes a system for monitoring execution. The personal composition of the regional representatives of the External Expert of the Tender for Finance is determined by the Bank.4.3.4. The regional representative of the external expert of the Competition in finance acts on behalf of the external expert of the Competition in finance, as follows: 4.3.4.1. The comments of the regional representative of the external expert of the Contest on finance on the completeness and quality of the documents submitted for consideration are formed and sent electronically to the Organizing Committee of the Contest to the address [email protected] no later than 5 (five) working days from the date of receipt of the documents specified in the list of paragraphs. 4.3.2. A copy of the letter with comments is sent to the Specialized division of the Bank.4.3.4.2. If it is necessary to provide additional information on the project, the regional representative of the external expert of the Contest on finance requests it from the Organizing Committee of the Contest by sending a written request in electronic form to the address [email protected] A copy of the request is sent to the Specialized Division of the Bank.4.3.4.3. The term for preparing the expert opinion of the regional representative of the external expert of the Tender for Finance is extended by the number of working days spent waiting for documents upon request. 4.3.4.4. The study of the project and the conclusion of the regional representative of the external expert of the Tender for Finance and / or the development of proposals for the provision of additional information is carried out within a period of not more than 21 (twenty one) calendar days. 4.3.4.5. In due time, the regional representative of the external expert of the Contest on finance sends to the Organizing Committee of the Contest to the address [email protected], and a copy to the Specialized division of the Bank, an expert opinion approved by the head of the territorial division of the Bank in the form: Preconditions for financing an investment project with state support / state participation based on the project financing mechanism(Name of the territorial bank) as part of the selection of projects implemented with state support, considered the possibility of lending to the following project:
Name of the project - "_______________________".
Initiator of the project - "_______________".
Brief information about the project:
*In the event of a decrease in the cost of the project after the examination of the estimate, the amount of investment of funds of each participant is reduced proportionally. Participation shares remain unchanged.
We propose to consider the following indicative terms of lending.
Positive and negative factors of the project:Based on these risks, we believe that financing of this project is possible if the following conditions are met:
Expert________________ /____________/
"_____" ___________20___ 4.3.4.6. In case of a negative conclusion on the project, the regional representative of the external expert of the Competition on finance sends to the Organizing Committee of the Competition to the address [email protected], and a copy to the Specialized division of the Bank, a reasoned refusal agreed by the head of the territorial division of the Bank with a detailed indication of the reasons, as well as recommendations to the project applicant for reworking the project to obtain the possibility of its implementation with the attraction of debt financing, provided for by the Bank's regulations.- Re-consideration of a project that has received a negative opinion from the regional representative of the external expert of the Tender on finance is allowed only if it is revised in accordance with the recommendations issued by the regional representative of the external expert of the Tender on finance. The conclusion upon re-consideration of the project is issued in accordance with paragraphs 5.3.4.1. - 5.3.4.6. Decision of the collegiate body of the Bank:
- INVESTMENT AGREEMENT
6. ADDRESS OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE OF THE ANNUAL PUBLIC AWARD
"Regions - sustainable development"
Postal address: Russia, 115114, Moscow, Derbenevskaya embankment, 11Tel.: 8 - 800 - 775 - 10 - 73www.infra-konkurs.ru E-mail: [email protected]
Indicative conditions will be determined in accordance with the Decision of the Bank's body for the provision of loans and investments "General conditions for financing priority investment projects received from the state executive authorities of the Russian Federation for implementation with state support"
The world economy is in search of a new vector of development, taking into account the challenges of the 21st century (growth and aging of the population, climate change, depletion of non-renewable resources). The answer to these challenges was the introduction of the concept of sustainable development and the formation of new industries of the "green economy".
Sustainable development in the world
The topic of sustainable development appeared in policy documents and legislation of developed countries, international conventions and territorial planning documents more than 20 years ago and has become one of the main global trends in urban development. Technological breakthroughs of the last decades in resource management, in the information and communication sphere, in the creation of new materials have laid the foundation for the sustainable development of cities. Sustainable development implies a balanced approach to economic growth, social progress while maintaining the quality of the environment. The concept of sustainable development is based on the desire to meet human needs and ensure the growth of the welfare of the population, innovation and the development of the knowledge economy, energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, as well as changing the consumption model in general.
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An important role in the implementation in Russia of the principles of sustainable development and building a "green economy" can be played by companies in the financial sector that implement the practices of "responsible financing". In my opinion, initiatives to introduce "green certification", issue "green bonds", and create a "green fund" by analogy with the best practices in the BRICS countries have good prospects in this area. Alexander Bychkov, Chairman of the Board of Directors of SGM Agency |
Thus, in the countries of Northern Europe, the emphasis is on solving environmental problems; in Western Europe and the United States, projects aimed at improving the urban environment and effective management of the urban economy are actively developing; in developing countries (China, India, countries of Southeast Asia), much attention was paid to the economic development of cities on the principles of a low-carbon economy. In countries such as Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, projects are being implemented to transfer all buildings to a zero energy balance; energy sources (Denmark).
Note that in other EAEU countries there is already experience in long-term strategic planning in the field of sustainable development (hereinafter referred to as “SD”). Thus, in Kazakhstan in 2013, the “Concept for the transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to a “green economy” was adopted, designed for the period up to 2050. In 2016, the Republic of Belarus, together with the European Union, launched the implementation of the green economy development project.
The first documents in the field of SD in Russia were adopted following the signing of program documents at the Summit of Heads of State and the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro technologies"?). In 1996, the President of the Russian Federation approved the Concept of the Russian Federation's transition to sustainable development.
But Russia is still lagging behind in the process of implementing the principles of sustainable development, both from the leading developed countries and from many developing countries. There is still no long-term strategy for sustainable development in Russia, but over the past five years, certain principles of sustainable development have been increasingly used in legislative acts and government regulations, and regulations have been adopted on many individual aspects of SD. This is especially noticeable in recent initiatives to change legislation, in particular in the field of ecology.
Sustainable development of Russian regions
The principles of sustainable development are taken into account when developing strategic and policy documents in some cities and regions. At the same time, the declaration of the principles of sustainable development is often not reflected in any way in the actual regional policy.
The achievement of sustainable development of the regions, as well as the country as a whole, is still hindered by a strong differentiation in the level of economic development and the quality of territorial planning between different regions and municipalities within regions. Thus, the results of the Rating of Sustainable Cities in Russia, compiled annually by the SGM Agency, show that most of the subjects of the Federation are characterized by a significant imbalance between the development of the largest city (usually a regional center) and other large cities. The ranking was based on the experience of PWC, McKinsey, EY, Australian Conservation Foundation, Forum for the Future, European Green Capital.
This trend is most noticeable in the Lipetsk, Vladimir, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg regions, Udmurtia, Altai Territory.
Positive examples of a relatively high degree of balance in the development of the largest cities in the territory are demonstrated by the Kaluga, Saratov, Ulyanovsk, Vologda, and Tula regions.
The Russian Ministry of Economic Development is developing and implementing an action plan to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. In 2009, the President of the Russian Federation approved the Climate Doctrine of Russia. The approval of Federal Law No. 261 “On Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency Improvement” in 2009 stimulated measures to improve energy policy. On certain aspects of sustainable development in Russia, regulations have been adopted that affect issues of sustainable development in cities: the State Program of the Russian Federation "Energy Saving and Increasing Energy Efficiency for the Period up to 2020", the State Program of the Russian Federation "Environmental Protection" for 2012-2020, The State Program of the Russian Federation “Promotion of Employment of the Population”, amendments to the Law “On Production and Consumption Wastes”, the Strategy for the Development of the Building Materials Industry, which implies the desire for greater energy efficiency in production.
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If we set ourselves the goal of building a "smart city", then first of all we need to think about the integrated intellectualization of various systems: energy, water supply and sanitation, buildings and structures, transport, public services. To do this, it is necessary to carry out a serious amount of work in the field of equipping the field level with tools for changing and collecting data, developing IT infrastructure and communications infrastructure, introducing intelligent software and hardware systems, and creating centralized city management platforms. Maxim Ageev, Director of the Global Directorate for Energy and Sustainability Services, Schneider Electric in Russia and the CIS |
Sustainable development at the municipal level
The principles of sustainable development at the local level are being implemented to some extent only in certain Russian cities. Maintaining relatively high levels of economic development in cities is often at the expense of the state of the environment and the quality of the urban environment. The position of cities in the SD rating is primarily determined by their economic development, while the environmental factor, on the contrary, has a multidirectional effect: it reduces the positions of leading cities and increases the positions of outsider cities. Although there are examples of socially responsible large Russian companies. An important role in promoting sustainable development in Russian cities is played by leading companies with their large corporate projects.
The development of the vast majority of large Russian cities today cannot be called balanced and sustainable. An analysis of the dynamics of the results of the rating of sustainable development of cities in the Russian Federation over the past three years shows that the more balanced a city is in terms of economic, social and environmental progress, the more stable it develops during a period of economic “turbulence” or economic recession.
The main obstacles to the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in Russian cities are: the difficulty of perceiving the topic of sustainable development, lack of experience and expertise and low qualifications of personnel from municipalities, short-term planning horizons. Thus, the Monotowns Development Fund singles out the training of municipal management teams as one of the three basic areas of activity for solving the problems of monotowns. The first training program for management teams was implemented by the Skolkovo Business School for the Foundation in 2016.
Of particular importance for Russian cities at the present time are the issues of sustainable development management, namely the definition of a competent system of priorities and the establishment of effective interaction between various structural divisions of city administrations.
The principles of effective management suggest that successful city management requires the definition of qualitative and measurable performance indicators. Currently, the Russian Federation does not have a generally recognized indicator of the effectiveness of urban development in the field of sustainable development. The aforementioned ranking of SD cities in Russia can become such a comprehensive and high-quality assessment tool.
International standards in the field of sustainable development
In 2014, the International Organization for Standardization developed two new quality standards for municipal government: ISO 18091 and ISO 37120.
ISO 18091:2014 “Quality management systems. Guidelines for the Application of ISO 9001:2008 in Local Self-Government” reflects the administration's view of administrative, economic and managerial activities in cities. In particular, it allows you to build a system of priorities, identify problem areas, tasks of the socio-economic development of cities. This standard uses 39 indicators and proposes a system for assessing the four main areas of activity of the administration (institutions of management, economic and social spheres and maintaining a high level of the environment).
An analysis of the effectiveness of municipal management according to the ISO 18091 standard also makes it possible to identify priority areas for the implementation of information technology solutions in various areas of city life and develop roadmaps for the implementation of specific IT solutions, such as the creation of intelligent transport systems, security systems, tax and financial administration.
The ISO 37120:2014 standard "Sustainable development of settlements - indicators of the performance of urban services and quality of life" offers a universal system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness and dynamics of the provision of municipal services and the quality of life in the city, consisting of one hundred indicators (main and auxiliary), covering 17 directions. This includes assessing the performance of energy, transport systems, communications, sanitation, water supply, collection and disposal of solid household waste, etc. This standard provides high-quality tools for comparing the sustainability of the development of various cities and assessing the effectiveness of city authorities from all stakeholders (federal and regional authorities, business, population).
The introduction of both standards makes it possible to increase the transparency of the activities of city authorities, the level of trust in them by the population, to establish coordination and interaction between various departments of city administrations, and ultimately contribute to the development of sound management decisions and improve the quality of life in cities.
The experience of holding international sporting events and summits encourages city leaders to implement international standards in the field of sustainable development. Thus, the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup must follow the ISO 20121:2012 Event Sustainability Management System standard, the ISO 14001 environmental management standard, the GOST R ISO 14001-2007 national standard, as well as national and international standards in the field of "green building" .
"Smart cities"
Planning and managing the sustainable development of the city is now in dire need of not only new theoretical approaches, but also the development of an appropriate methodology, the introduction of modern technologies. In the last two decades, there has been an increase in interest in the topic of "smart cities". It is assumed that a "smart city" should be characterized by a highly efficient economy, management, a high level of quality of life, mobility, respect for the environment and a population that is actively involved in the life of the city.
An important element of the functioning of "smart cities" is the active introduction of information technologies, namely, automated intelligent systems for managing and controlling various aspects of city life: housing and communal services, urban traffic, public transport, tourism, public security, education, healthcare, energy -, water supply and environmental situation in the city management system. The introduction and innovative use of information technologies (smart city intelligent systems) contribute to improving the quality and efficiency of city management, reducing administrative costs and improving the level and quality of life of the population.
Recently, the “smart building” format (“smart houses”) based on two different approaches has become widespread in Europe. The first is the construction of a house with zero consumption, that is, a building that can cover its energy supply needs at the expense of its own capabilities, for example, the use of solar or wind power generation or low-grade ground heat, water. The second approach is "positive" houses that generate more energy than they need and give it to the grid. One of the brightest examples of the “smart building” format is the building of the R&D center in Grenoble of the Schneider Electric company. We have also implemented elements of the "smart building" in the Federation Tower in Moscow City.
At the moment, there are a number of objective obstacles to the implementation of smart city projects in Russia. First of all, this is the high cost of implementing such initiatives. The transformation into "smart cities" of already existing settlements implies high costs for the complete modernization of engineering and communal systems and the solution of deep structural problems of the urban economy. For example, only one project to modernize the energy infrastructure in a city with a population of about 100 thousand people is estimated at more than 2 billion rubles, and the project to create an automated vehicle control system for the same city is estimated at more than 500 million rubles. The magnitude of the costs of such projects in larger cities can be judged by the fact that in Moscow only 3.85 billion rubles were spent on a video surveillance system in 2015 alone.
Building new smart cities from scratch is even more expensive, but more efficient in terms of management. Currently, only two such projects are being implemented in Russia, these are the Skolkovo Innograd (Moscow), and Innopolis (Republic of Tatarstan). Several more "smart cities" in Russia are at the design stage, for example: the "Smart City" microdistrict in Ulyanovsk and Innograd in the satellite city of St. Petersburg "Yuzhny". The design cost of building such cities reaches tens of billions of rubles. It should be noted that the cost of implementing the most well-known foreign projects for the construction of "smart cities" from scratch is at least $20 billion.
In a number of Russian cities, attempts are being made - often quite successful - to introduce individual "smart services". First of all, these are projects in the field of housing and communal services, transport management, the formation of unified urban information systems of "electronic government", "safe city".
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I believe that the sustainable development of cities is impossible without setting goals and priorities, developing investment, innovation and social strategies. To solve the problems facing cities and reduce threats to their sustainable development, an integrated approach is required, which determines the interest in the best international theoretical developments and practical examples in the field of strategic planning for urban development and management. Elena Dolgikh, General Director of SGM Agency |
For example, on the basis of the solutions of the French company Schneider Electric, a base of an intelligent water supply system was built in the cities of Ivanovo and Irkutsk, including automation of facility management, primarily a central control room from which you can remotely control the operating modes of the system. Such systems minimize the human factor and have good energy savings, reduce accidents and losses in water supply networks. It should be noted that smart water supply solutions are always multi-level. The first level includes field level automation. Equipping water supply facilities and networks with all kinds of sensors and control devices. The second level is the data collection level, consisting of communication channels, a network, server equipment that collects and archives data received from objects on which the field automation level is implemented. The third (upper) level is the intelligent control system itself, the software for the real-time operational management of the water supply system, hydraulic modeling systems, and decision support systems.
Unfortunately, in Russia there are still a number of barriers that prevent the introduction of "smart technologies" in cities, namely, technological backwardness, low awareness and qualifications of civil servants and sectoral specialists of city administrations, insufficient educational level of the population.
Russia does not yet have a universal system for evaluating the effectiveness of the introduction of "smart services" and the potential for their further smartization, however, there is experience of individual scientific research in this area. For example, HSE specialists attempted to assess the potential of Russian regions to create smart cities based on a comparison of the economic, innovative, human, technical, investment, budgetary, urban planning and environmental potential of the largest cities.
Most of the cities, whose smartization potential was assessed as high according to the results of the study, are among the leaders of the Sustainable Development Rating of Russian Cities in recent years, compiled by the SGM Agency. Among the leaders were: Moscow, Yekaterinburg, some cities of the Moscow region, Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs.
To maximize the effectiveness of the implementation of "smart systems" in Russian cities, it is necessary to take into account the interests of all stakeholders (authorities at all levels, the business community, the public, public and non-profit organizations, etc.). This is facilitated by such tools as conducting surveys, conferences and dialogues to discuss urban problems, creating permanent face-to-face or electronic communication platforms, and a wide public and expert discussion of the results of each project.
The results of surveys of leaders of the largest Russian cities show that there is a high interest on their part in studying the best practices in the field of SD both in Russia and abroad. This is evidenced by the discussions at conferences on sustainable development of cities organized by the SGM agency over the past two years in the regional centers of the Central Federal District.