One of the central characters in N. Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is Grisha Dobrosklonov, whose characterization is crucial for understanding the work. Gregory is a young youth, “marked by God's talent”: he has the gift of leading people, his words carry the truth, which is so lacking for a simple Russian peasant. You can find quotes characterizing the image of the hero in our article.

Characteristics of the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov

Gregory is not like the other peasants - his mind and perception of the world go far beyond the peasant life, worries and everyday life. He is closely connected with ordinary people by a common life, poverty, half-starved existence, the inability to dramatically change his future. But Gregory understands much more than others, he is greedy for knowledge, far-sighted, extremely talented. Grisha composes songs praising the work of the common people, telling about the severity of peasant labor and everyday life, glorifying his Motherland. The image of mother and homeland for Grisha has become one. With the songs of his mother, the boy saves himself far from home when he studies at the seminary: “Grisha remembered the song and in a prayer voice quietly in the seminary, where it was dark, cold, gloomy, sternly, hungry, sang - grieved about mother and about the whole vakhlachina, his wet nurse” ...

The song saves a person in difficult times, Grisha knew about this from childhood, so he chose it as his weapon in the fight against the misadventures of fate.

Grisha and his family

Gregory's father, a rural deacon Trifon, is a lover of a carefree life. He cares little about his sons, drinks, shows off talented children. His wife Domna was a caring hostess, tried her best to feed the children, worked hard. Because of this, she died young, her life was hard and bitter. Grisha and his brother Savva help their fellow villagers with the housework, for which they feed their children. “Grisha has a wide bone,
but a very emaciated face ... "- the boy could have been a strong healthy youth, like the Russian heroes, if not for the conditions of his hardest life. Through the care of the godfather and neighbors, the children survived, despite the poverty, drunkenness of the father and the lack of motherly love. Studying in seminary is not easy for a boy, as well as his whole life. Learning for Grisha is a pleasure, but constant malnutrition, lack of comfort, normal conditions, the severity and indifference of those around him make learning a difficult period in the boy's life.

The meaning of the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov in the work

The hero decided early on with the goal of his life: “and fifteen years old Gregory already knew that he would live for the happiness of his wretched and dark hometown”. Grigory dreams of entering a university in Moscow, his path is already predetermined: “Fate prepared a glorious path for him, a great name
national patron, consumption and Siberia ”. The quotation characteristic gives a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe author's vision of his character in perspective. Even the speaking surname of the hero reveals his function in the work: he brings good, inclines people with the best, kind, wise. Grisha changes the lives, fates of people, a great future is destined for him: it will be difficult, terrible, and, possibly, tragic, but he has no other way. Grisha's position in life is such that he will never change himself - he will protect the offended, help the suffering and save those who are in hardship. People will follow him, he will be able to change what is created contrary to the truth, which oppresses ordinary honest people. His image is an emerging rebel, a revolutionary (Nikolai Dobrolyubov is considered the prototype of Grisha).

So that my fellow countrymen

And to every peasant

Lived freely and cheerfully

In all holy Russia!

N.A.Nekrasov. Who lives well in Russia

The author's ideal of a positive hero was embodied in the image of the people's defender Grisha Dobrosklonov. This image was the result of N.A.Nekrasov's thoughts about the paths leading to happiness for the Russian people. Truthfully, but very ethically, the poet managed to display the best character traits of Grisha - an optimistic fighter, closely connected with the people and believing in their great and bright future.

Grisha grew up in poverty. His father, Tryphon, a rural dyachok, lived "poorer than the last seedy peasant", was always hungry. Grisha's mother, Domna, is "an irresponsible laborer for everyone who helped her in some way on a rainy day." Grisha himself studies at the seminary, which for him was a “wet nurse”. No matter how poorly they were fed in the seminary, the young man shared the last piece of bread with his mother.

Grisha thought about life early, and at the age of fifteen he already firmly knew "to whom he would give his whole life and for whom he would die." In front of him, as well as in front of any thinking person, he clearly saw only two roads:

One spacious Road is tornaya. The passion of a slave ...

A crowd greedy for temptation is moving along this path, for which even the thought of “sincere life” is ridiculous. This is the road of soullessness and cruelty, since “eternal, inhuman enmity-war” is boiling there for “perishable goods”.

But there is also a second road: Another is a narrow one, An honest road, Only strong, loving souls walk along it, For battle, for work ...

Grigory Dobrosklonov chooses this path, because he sees his place next to the "humiliated" and "offended." This is the road of people's defenders, revolutionaries, and Grisha is not alone in his choice:

A lot of Russia has already sent its Sons, marked with the Seal of God's gift, On honest paths ...

Grisha has not only a bright mind and an honest rebellious heart, he is also endowed with the gift of eloquence. He knows how to convince the peasants who listen to him and believe his words, to console them, to explain that it is not they who are to blame for the appearance of such people as Gleb the traitor, but the "support", which gave birth to the "sins of the landowner", and the sins of Gleb and the "unfortunate Jacob". Material from the site

There is no support - the new Gleb will not be in Russia!

Gregory better than the others understands the great power of the word, since he is a poet. His songs lift the spirits of the peasants, delight the Wahlaks. Still very young, Grisha can draw the attention of the disadvantaged people to the idea of \u200b\u200bprotest with his songs and lead them. He believes that the power of the people is "a calm conscience, truth is alive", therefore he feels "immense strength in his chest."

Grigory Dobrosklonov finds his happiness in love for his homeland and the people, in the struggle for their freedom, and with this he not only answers the question of pilgrims about who lives happily in Russia, but is also the personification of Nekrasov's understanding of the true purpose of his work , own life.

The great Russian poet N.A. Nekrasov began work on the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" soon after the abolition of serfdom. His main goal was to show that nothing has changed in the life of the peasants. As they were dependent on the landlords, they remained. To become free, it was necessary to pay the owner a lot of compensation money, but where can the poor peasant get it? So the peasants and women continued to go to the corvee and pay an exorbitant dues.

It was painful for Nikolai Alekseevich to look at the humiliated situation of the poor. Therefore, in his poem, he introduces the image of the people's defender Grisha Dobrosklonov.

For the first time we meet Dobrosklonov in the chapter "Good time - good songs". This is a young man who "about fifteen years ... already knew that he would live for the happiness of his murdered and dark hometown." Even the name of this hero speaks for itself: a penchant for good.

Creating this image, the poet seeks to show in it a public figure with progressive views. Grigory Dobrosklonov is close to the common people in that he also experienced hunger and want, injustice and humiliation.

One of the songs sung by Grisha talks about two ways of rebuilding society. One road, “a spacious, passionate slave,” is chosen by “a greedy crowd to temptation,” the other, “a narrow, honest road,” is chosen only by “strong, loving souls ready to defend the oppressed”. There is also a call to all progressive people:

Go to the humiliated

Go to the offended -

Be the first there.

But the second way is very difficult. He is chosen by people with a strong character and stubborn will. This is Gregory:

Fate prepared for him

Glorious path, loud name

People's defender,

Consumption and Siberia.

Despite everything, the young man believes in a bright future for Russia. Through songs, he tries to influence the intelligentsia so that it wakes up and begins to defend the common people.

And in the song "Rus" the lyrical hero addresses all ordinary people with the hope that in the near future they will choose a more effective way of eradicating the oppressors and enslavers:

You and wretched

You are abundant

You and downtrodden

You are all-powerful

Mother Russia!

Gregory himself calls this song a noble hymn, which embodied "people's happiness". The people are powerful and great.

When he wakes up, the country will turn into a mighty power. It is in the people that the author sees the power that can change the established state of affairs:

The host rises -

Innumerable

The strength in her will affect

Unbreakable!

Therefore, in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author shows the ways to achieve happiness. He believes that only those who fight for the interests of the entire people can be happy. Nekrasov also creates an action program for those who have chosen the path of people's defenders.

Each poet, defining a creative credo for himself, is guided by his own motives. Someone sees the meaning of their creativity in glorifying their homeland, for someone creativity is an opportunity to express their idea of \u200b\u200bthe world. The Russian poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov considered serving the people as his duty. All his work is imbued with the ideas of protecting the Russian people from the arbitrariness of the authorities. Therefore, he saw the poet primarily as a citizen:

You may not be a poet
But you must be a citizen ...

In the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" - the main work of his life - the national poet Grisha Dobrosklonov becomes the central image. Nekrasov never finished this poem - an incurable illness prevented, the symptoms of which he felt in 1876, when the work was in full swing. But the dying poet, during the last months of unbearable torment, nevertheless wrote the last songs.

In almost all of Nekrasov's poems, you can see the image of a real citizen, which the poet strove to make an ideal for all honest people of Russia. In the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" the search for this ideal continues throughout the development of the action. The peasants portrayed by the poet show themselves as persistent seekers of truth. After all, the plot of the work begins with how "Seven temporarily liable ... got together and argued about who lives happily, freely in Russia".

Nekrasov did not idealize the peasants, knowing that many were and "Last slaves", and lackeys, and born lackeys. In the crowd scenes, the polyphony of the peasant is heard: here there are drunken voices, sympathetic exclamations, and well-aimed aphorisms. The poet, who spent time with the peasants from childhood, studied their speech well, which made it possible to make the language of the poem colorful, bright, truly creative.

Gradually, individual heroes stand out from the masses. First Yakim Nagoya, "Drunk", "Wretched", who survived a lot in his lifetime. He is sure that it is impossible for a sober person to live in Russia - he simply cannot withstand backbreaking work. If it were not for drunkenness, peasant riots would have been inevitable.

Based on the moral ideals of the people, Nekrasov created images of people from a peasant environment who became fighters for the happiness of the people. And only in the final part of the work - the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" - does the image of the people's intellectual appear. This is Grigory Dobrosklonov. The poet did not manage to finish this part of the poem, but the image of the hero still looks holistic.

Grisha comes from the so-called raznochin environment, he is the son of a farm laborer and a sexton. Only the dedication of his mother and the generosity of the people around did not allow both Grisha himself and his younger brother Savva "Babies in the ground" decay. Half-starved childhood and harsh youth helped him to get closer to the people, determined the life path of a young man, because already at the age of fifteen "Gregory already knew for sure", for whom he will die and to whom he will devote his life.

The author first puts "Bitter Songs" into the lips of the hero, reflecting the bitter time. But towards the end of the chapter, the Good Songs also began to sound. The most prominent are "Rus" and "Amid the Dolny World." In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the features of many revolutionaries of that time were embodied, even the hero's surname is consonant with another famous surname - Nikolai Dobrolyubov. Like a revolutionary democrat, Grisha Dobrosklonov is a fighter for the interests of the peasants, he is ready to go “for the humiliated” and “for the offended” in order to be the first there.

The image of Grisha is realistic, but at the same time generalized, almost conditional. This is an image of youth, striving forward, hoping for the best. He is all in the future, so the image of the hero turned out to be vague, only outlined. Gregory is not interested in wealth, does not care about worries about his own well-being, he is ready to devote his life to that "So that every peasant can live freely and cheerfully in all holy Russia!" That is why the fate of the literary hero is predetermined: life prepares Grisha "Glorious way, loud name of the people's defender", but at the same time - "Consumption and Siberia"... But the young man is not afraid of the upcoming trials, since he believes in the triumph of the cause, to which he is ready to devote his whole life.

Almost all of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov's contemporaries passed through Siberia, earning themselves consumption. Only "Strong, loving souls", according to the author, they are embarking on a glorious but difficult path of struggle for the happiness of the people. Thus, answering the main question of the poem: "Who lives well in Russia?" - the author gives an unequivocal answer: fighters for the people's happiness. This idea reveals the whole meaning of the poem.

• Images of landowners in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"
• The image of Savely in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"
• The image of Matryona in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"

The very appearance of Grisha as a character serves in the general concept of the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" as a pledge of the growth and future victory of new beginnings. The final chapter of the poem "Good Time - Good Songs" is fully connected with his image. The people go home. A good time in his life has not yet come, he does not sing funny songs yet,

Another end to suffering

The people are far away

The sun is still far away

but a premonition of this liberation permeates the chapter, giving it a cheerful, joyful tone. It is no coincidence that the action unfolds against the background of a morning landscape, a picture of the sunrise over the expanse of the Volga meadows.

In the proofreading "Pira ..." donated by Nekrasov A. F. Koni, the final chapter had the title: "Epilogue. Grisha Dobrosklonov ". It is very important that Nekrasov considered the ending of the last chapter of the unfinished plot of the poem as an epilogue, as a logical completion of its main ideological and semantic lines, moreover, he associated the possibility of this completion with the figure of Grigory Dobrosklonov.

Introducing the image of the young man Grisha Dobrosklonov into the final chapter of the poem, the author gave the answer, worn out by reflections and experience of all his life, to the question of what a person should live for and what is his highest purpose and happiness. Thus, the ethical problematic "Who lives well in Russia" was completed. In his dying lyric cycle "Last Songs", which was created simultaneously with the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World", Nekrasov expresses his unshakable conviction that the highest content of human life is altruistic service to "the great goals of the century":

Who, serving the great purposes of the age,

He gives his life entirely

To fight for a man's brother,

Only he will survive himself ... ("Zina")

According to Nekrasov's idea, Grisha Dobrosklonov belongs to this type of people who completely give their lives to the struggle "for a man's brother". There is no greater happiness for him than serving the people:

Share of the people

His happiness

Light and freedom

Primarily!

He lives in order that his fellow countrymen

And to every peasant

Lived freely and cheerfully

In all holy Russia!

Like the hero of the poem "In Memory of Dobrolyubov," Nekrasov refers Grisha to that type of "special", "marked / Seal of God's gift" of people, without whom "the field of life has died out." This comparison is not accidental. It is well known that, creating the image of Dobrosklonov, Nekrasov gave the hero certain features of similarity with Dobrolyubov, a man who knew how to find happiness in the struggle for the "great goals of the century." But, as already mentioned above, drawing the moral and psychological appearance of Dobrosklonov, Nekrasov relied not only on the memories of the great sixties, but also on the facts that the practice of the revolutionary-populist movement of the 70s gave him.

In the conceived artistic image of the young man Grigory Dobrosklonov, the poet wanted to embody the peculiarities of the spiritual image of the revolutionary youth of this time. After all, this is about them in the poem of the line:

Russia has already sent a lot

His sons, marked

The seal of the gift of God

On honest paths.

It was not “fate” that prepared them for them, but prepared (as in the past for Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky) “consumption and Siberia”. Nekrasov and Grisha Dobrosklonova equate these people, marked with the "seal of the gift of God": "No matter how dark Vakhlachina", but she

Blessing, set

In Grigorie Dobrosklonov

Such a messenger.

And apparently, at a certain stage of work on the Epilogue, Nekrasov wrote the famous quatrain about the hero's future:

Fate prepared for him

Glorious path, loud name

People's defender,

Consumption and Siberia.

We must not forget about the lyrical basis of the image of Grisha. Nekrasov perceived the struggle for “the lot of the people, / his happiness” as his own, blood business. And in a painful time

illness, mercilessly executing himself for insufficient practical participation in this struggle ("Songs prevented me from being a fighter ..."), the poet, however, found support and consolation in the knowledge that his poetry, his "whip cut off Muse" helped the movement towards victory. It is no coincidence that the author of "Who in Russia ..." made Grisha a poet. In the image of the young hero of the poem, he put the best part of himself, in his heart - his feelings, in his mouth - his songs. This lyrical fusion of the author's personality with the image of the young man - the poet is especially well revealed in the draft manuscripts of the chapter.

Reading the Epilogue, we sometimes no longer distinguish where is Grisha and where is the author-narrator, the great folk poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. Let's try to separate Grisha from Nekrasov, result from intention, and, using only the text of the poem (including the draft versions), look at how the son of the drunken sexton Tryphon and the toiler of Domna, the seventeen-year-old seminarian Grisha Dobrosklonov, appears on the pages of the Epilogue of the poem. Nekrasov said that the "originality" of his poetic creativity consists in "reality", reliance on the facts of reality. And we remember that the poet brought many stories from his hunting trips to the outback of Russia. In 1876, Nekrasov no longer went hunting, did not talk by the fire with the surrounding peasants, but when he was bedridden, he still tried to "keep in touch" with the world, rely on some real facts.

After talking with the Vakhlaks, Grisha goes “into the fields, into the meadows” for the rest of the night and, in an elated state of mind, composes poetry and songs. I saw a barge haule walking and composed a poem "Burlak", in which he sincerely wishes this toiler returning home: "God grant to walk and rest!" It is more difficult with the "song" "In the moments of despondency, oh motherland!" But the archaic civic vocabulary of the verse does not fit in with the image of seventeen-year-old Grisha who grew up in the village of Bolshie Vakhlaki ("a companion of the days of the Slav", "Russian maiden", "draw to shame"). And if N.A.Nekrasov, as a result of his life and creative path, came to the conclusion that

The Russian people are gathering strength

And learns to be a citizen

then Grisha Dobrosklonov, nurtured by the dark vakhlachina, could not know this. And the key to understanding the essence of the image of Grisha is the song that the seminary brothers Grisha and Savva sing as they leave the Vakhlak "feast":

Share of the people

His happiness

Light and freedom

Primarily!

We are a little

We ask God:

Honest business

Do skillfully

Give us strength!

What kind of "honest deed" do the young seminarians pray to God about? The word "business" in those days also had a revolutionary connotation. So what, Grisha (and Savva too) is breaking into the ranks of revolutionary fighters? But here the word "business" is placed next to the words "working life." Or maybe Grisha, who in the future "rushes" to Moscow, "to the novorsitet", dreams of becoming a "sower of knowledge in the people's field", "sowing reasonable, good, eternal" and asks God for help in this honest and difficult matter? What is more associated with Grisha's dream of a "fair deed", the punishing sword of the "demon of rage" or the inviting song of the "angel of mercy"?

A.I. Gruzdev, in the process of preparing the 5th volume of the academic edition of Nekrasov, carefully studied the manuscripts and all materials related to the "Feast ...", came to the conclusion that, drawing the image of Grisha, Nekrasov freed him more and more from the aura of revolutionism and sacrifice: the quatrain about consumption and Siberia has been deleted, instead of “To whom he will give his whole life / And for whom he will die” there appeared the line “What will live for happiness ...”.

So the "honest deed" to which Grigory Dobrosklonov dreams of devoting his life is increasingly becoming synonymous with "selfless labor for the enlightenment and welfare of the people."

So, a happy person is depicted in the poem, although truth-seekers are not allowed to know this. Grisha is happy, happy with the dream that with his life and work he will make at least some contribution to the cause of "the embodiment of the people's happiness." It seems that the text of the chapter does not give sufficient grounds to interpret the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov as the image of a young revolutionary, which has become almost trivial in non-racial studies. But the point, apparently, is that in the mind of the reader this image somehow doubles, because there is a certain gap between the character of Grisha - a guy from the village of "Big Vakhlaki" (a young seminarian with a poetic soul and a sensitive heart) and several author's declarations, in whom he is equated with the category of "special people", marked with the "seal of the gift of God", people who rush like a "falling star" on the horizon of Russian life. These declarations, apparently, come from the original intention of the poet to paint an image of a revolutionary who emerged from the depths of the people, an intention from which Nekrasov gradually departed.

One way or another, but the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov somehow falls out in its contour and ethereality from the figurative system of the epic, where every figure, even in passing, is visible and tangible. The epic lack of portrayal of Grisha's image cannot be explained by reference to the ferocity of the censorship. There are immutable laws of realistic creativity, from which even Nekrasov could not be free. He, as we remember, attached great importance to the image of Dobrosklonov, but when working on him the poet lacked "reality", direct life impressions for the artistic realization of his plans. As seven peasants are not given to know about Grisha's happiness, so Nekrasov was not given the “building material” for creating a full-fledged realistic image of the “people's defender” emerging from the depths of the people's sea.

"Epilogue. Grisha Dobrosklonov ", - wrote Nekrasov. And although Nekrasov connected "Epilogue" with Grisha, let us allow ourselves, separating Nekrasov from Grisha, the epilogue, the result of the whole epic "Who Lives Well in Russia" to the voice of the poet himself, who said the last word to his contemporaries. It seems strange that the epic poem has a lyrical finale, two confessional songs of the dying poet: "Among the world of the long ..." and "Rus". But with these songs Nekrasov himself, not hiding behind the heroes created by his pen, seeks to answer two questions that permeate the poem from beginning to end: about the understanding of happiness by a human person and about the ways to people's happiness.

Only a highly civil, and not a consumerist attitude to life can give a person a feeling of happiness. It seems that Nekrasov's appeal to the democratic intelligentsia played a role in the formation of its civic consciousness.