1. "A word about Igor's regiment":

Reason gave way to feeling, and Igor, instead of a reasonable decision to save the army and his life, after all the omens, decides to perish, but not to shame his honor.

2. Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin "Minor":

Reason is completely absent in the actions of Prostakova and Skotinin, they do not even understand the need to protect their serfs, since they contain all the well-being of these "masters of life." Mitrofan shows complete controllability of feelings: when a mother is needed, he sucks up, says that he loves her, and as soon as the mother has lost all power, he announces:

Get off, mother!

He has no sense of responsibility, love, devotion.

3. Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov "Woe from Wit":

The main character - Chatsky - at first glance, is a model of reason. He is educated, understands his place well, determines the political situation, is literate in matters of law in general and serfdom in particular. However, the mind refuses him in the everyday situation, he does not know how to behave in a relationship with Sophia, when she says that he is not the hero of her novel. In relations with Molchalin, with Famusov and the whole secular society, he was bold and daring and, as a result, finds himself at a broken trough. A feeling of frustration and loneliness squeezes his chest:

My soul here is squeezed by some kind of grief.

But he is not used to obeying feelings and does not take seriously the discord with society, but in vain.

4. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "Eugene Onegin":

From his youth, Onegin was accustomed to subordinating feelings to reason: “the science of tender passion” is already proof of this. Having met Tatiana, he “didn’t give a go to his sweet habit”, didn’t take this feeling seriously, deciding that he could cope with the feeling, as always, when he knew how to “flash an obedient tear”. The reverse side is Tatiana. In her youth, she obeyed only feelings. Onegin read her a sermon in which he recommended: "learn to rule yourself." The girl took note of these words and took up self-development. By the time of the next meeting with Onegin, she already masterfully masters her feelings, and Eugene could not see a single gram of emotions on her face. But happiness is no longer possible ...

5. Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time":

The main character, Pechorin, is a man consisting of reason and feeling. When he is alone with nature, with a diary or with a person with whom one does not need to pretend - it is a bare nerve, an emotion. A vivid example in the episode, when he drove a horse along the road in pursuit of Vera. He is crying with grief. This state lasts a moment. But a moment passes, and another Pechorin rises above the "crying child" sobbing on the grass and soberly and sternly evaluates his behavior. The triumph of reason does not give happiness to this person.

"Sense and Sense"

Official comment:

The direction involves thinking about reason and feeling as the two most important components of a person's inner world, which affect his aspirations and actions. Reason and feeling can be considered both in harmonious unity and in a complex confrontation that constitutes the inner conflict of the personality. The topic of reason and feeling is interesting for writers of different cultures and eras: heroes of literary works often find themselves faced with a choice between the dictates of feeling and the prompting of reason.

Aphorisms and sayings of famous people:

There are senses that fill and darken the mind, and there is a mind that chills the movement of the senses. M.M. Prishvin

If the feelings are not true, then our entire mind will be false. Lucretius

The feeling held captive by a gross practical need has only a limited meaning. Karl Marx

No imagination can come up with so many conflicting feelings that usually coexist in one human heart. F. La Rochefoucauld

Seeing and feeling is to be, to think, is to live. W. Shakespeare

The dialectical unity of reason and feeling is the central problem of many works of fiction in world and Russian literature. Writers, depicting the world of human intentions, passions, actions, judgments, in one way or another relate to these two categories. Human nature is arranged in such a way that the struggle between reason and feeling inevitably generates an internal conflict of the personality, which means that it gives fertile ground for the work of writers - artists of human souls.

List of literature in the direction of "Sense and Sensibility"

A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet"

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

A.M. Bitter "At the bottom"

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

Guy de Maupassant "Necklace"

N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"

N.M. Karamzin "Poor Liza

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

MATERIALS to Literary Arguments.

( Introduction )

What is love? Each person will answer this question differently. For me, love is the desire to always be near, despite quarrels, problems, resentments and misunderstandings, the desire to find a compromise, the ability to forgive and support in a difficult situation. Great happiness if love is mutual. But in life there are situations when an unrequited feeling arises. Unrequited love brings great suffering to a person. But the worst thing is when an unrequited feeling becomes beyond the control of reason and leads to an irreparable tragedy.(69 words)

(Argument)

Love is an eternal theme of world fiction. Many authors describe this great feeling in their writing. And I would like to recall Kuprin's wonderful story "Garnet Bracelet". On the first pages of the work, the life of the Shein family is revealed to us. There is no more love in a married couple, and Vera Nikolaevna is disappointed in her marriage. She feels discouraged in her soul. We can only guess that she, like any woman, wants attention, affection, care. Unfortunately, the main character does not understand that all this is very close. A petty official, Georgy Zheltkov, has been loving Vera Nikolaevna for eight years with an unusually strong and sincere love. He loved her at first sight and was happy because God gave him this feeling. But the main character did not pay attention to the person of common origin. Vera Nikolaevna is getting married, and asks Zheltkov not to write to her again. We can only guess what difficulties this brought to our hero and marvel at his strength of mind. Georgy did not have the opportunity to be close to Vera, to be loved by her, but he is happy, because she simply is, because Vera lives in this world. Zheltkov gives Vera Nikolaevna a pomegranate bracelet for her birthday. He does not expect Mrs. Sheina to wear the present. But George is warmed by the thought that his beloved will simply touch this decoration. This bracelet brings a feeling of anxiety to Vera, the overflow of stones reminds her of drops of blood. Thus, the author lets us know that a reciprocal feeling towards Zheltkov begins to emerge in the main character. She worries about him, feels the approach of trouble. Vera raises the topic of love in a conversation with a friend of her parents, whom she considers to be a grandfather, and she begins to understand that Zheltkov's love is that very real and rare sincere love. But Vera's brother Nikolai Nikolaevich, indignant at the gift of George, intervenes and decides to talk to Zheltkov. The protagonist of the work understands that he cannot get away from his love. Neither departure nor prison will help him. But he feels that he is interfering with his beloved, Georgy worships Vera, he is ready to do everything for her well-being, but he cannot overcome his feelings, and Zheltkov decides to commit suicide. This is how strong unrequited love led to tragedy. And Vera, unfortunately, realized too late that a very rare and sincere love had passed by her. Nobody and nothing can fix the situation if the person is gone.(362 words)

(Conclusion)

Love is a great feeling, but it is very scary when it leads to tragedy. No matter how strong the feelings are, you cannot lose your mind. Life is the best that is bestowed on a person. The same can be said about love. And no matter what tests arise on our way, we must keep our feelings and mind in harmony.(51 words)

A. I. Kuprin story "Garnet Bracelet" "Sense and Sensibility"

(Argument 132)

The hero of Kuprin's story "Pomegranate Bracelet", Georgy Zheltkov, could not cope with his feelings. This man, seeing Vera Nikolaevna once, fell in love with her for life. George did not expect reciprocity from the married princess. He understood everything, but he could not help himself. Faith was the small meaning of Zheltkov's life, and he believed that God had rewarded him with such love. The hero showed his feelings only in letters, without showing himself to the princess. On the day of the angel of Vera, the fan presented his beloved with a garnet bracelet and attached a note in which he asked for forgiveness for the once disturbed. When the husband of the princess, together with her brother, sought out Zheltkov, he admitted the indecency of his behavior and explained that he sincerely loves Vera and only death can extinguish this feeling. Finally, the hero asked Vera's husband for permission to write her the last letter, and after the conversation he said goodbye to life.

A. I. Kuprin story "Garnet Bracelet" Love or Crazy? "Sense and Sense"

(Intro 72) Love is one of the warmest feelings that a person can experience. She is able to fill the heart with joy, inspire and give vitality to a lover, But, unfortunately, this feeling does not always make a person happy. The lack of reciprocity breaks people's hearts, condemns them to suffering, and then a person can lose his mind, turning the object of adoration into a kind of deity, whom he is ready to worship forever. We often hear that lovers are called crazy. But where is this fine line between lucid feeling and addiction?

(Argument 160) The work of AI Kuprin "Pomegranate Bracelet" also makes readers think about this question. The main character pursued his beloved for many years, and then committed suicide. What prompted him to these actions: love or madness? I believe that it was still a conscious feeling. Zheltkov fell in love with Vera. Seeing her just once. As a petty official, he was aware of social inequality with his beloved, and therefore did not even try to gain her favor. It was enough for him to admire the princess from the outside, without intruding into her life. Zheltkov shared his feelings with Vera in letters. The hero wrote to his beloved even after her marriage, although he admitted the indecency of his behavior. The spouse of the princess treated Grigory Stepanovich with understanding. Shein told his wife that Zheltkov loved her, and was not at all crazy. Of course, the hero showed weakness, deciding to commit suicide, but he came to this deliberately, concluding that only death can cut off his love. He knew that without Vera he would not be happy and, at the same time, did not want to interfere with her.

(Argument 184) N in the pages of world fiction, the problem of the influence of feelings and reason is raised very often. So, for example, in the novel - the epic of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy "War and Peace", two types of heroes appear: on the one hand, impetuous Natasha Rostova, sensitive Pierre Bezukhov, fearless Nikolai Rostov, on the other, the arrogant and calculating Helen Kuragina and her brother, callous Anatol. Many conflicts in the novel occur precisely because of the excess of feelings of the characters, the vicissitudes of which are very interesting to observe. A vivid example of how an impulse of feelings, thoughtlessness, ardor of character, impatient youth, influenced the fate of the heroes, is the case of Natasha, because for her, laughing and young, it was incredibly long to wait for the wedding with Andrei Bolkonsky, could she subdue her unexpectedly flared feelings for Anatol the voice of reason? Here we have a real drama of reason and feelings in the soul of the heroine, she faces a difficult choice: to leave the groom and leave with Anatole or not to succumb to a momentary impulse and wait for Andrey. It was in favor of feelings that this difficult choice was made, only an accident prevented Natasha. We cannot condemn a girl, knowing her impatient nature and thirst for love. It was her feelings that dictated Natasha's impulse, after which she regretted her act when she analyzed it.

L. N Tolstoy novel "War and Peace" "Reason and Feeling"

(Argument 93) The main heroine of the novel - Leo Tolstoy's epic War and Peace, young Natasha Rostova, needed love. Being separated from her fiancé, Andrei Bolkonsky, the naive girl, in search of this feeling, trusted the insidious Anatol Kuragin, who did not even think to connect his life with Natasha. An attempt to escape with a person of ill fame is a risky act, which Natasha Rostova decided on, relying primarily on feelings. The sad result of this adventure is known to everyone: the engagement of Natasha and Andrei is terminated, the former lover is suffering, the reputation of the Rostov family has been shaken. If Natasha thought about the possible consequences, she would not find herself in such a position.

L. N Tolstoy novel "War and Peace" "Reason and Feeling"

(Argument 407) In the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace", the categories of reason and feeling are brought to the fore. They are expressed in two main characters: Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha Rostova. A girl lives by feelings, a man by reason. Andrei is guided by patriotism, he feels responsible for the fate of the Fatherland, for the fate of the Russian army, and considers it necessary to be where it is especially difficult, where the fate of what is dear to him is being decided. Bolkonsky begins his military service with lower ranks among adjutants at Kutuzov's headquarters, Andrei is not looking for an easy career and awards. Everything in Natasha's life is based on feelings. The girl has a very light character, Natasha enjoys life. She illuminates and warms her loved ones and relatives like the sun. When we meet Andrei, we see him as a restless person, dissatisfied with his real life. The birth of a child and, at the same time, the death of his wife, before whom he felt guilty, in my opinion, exacerbated, so to speak, Bolkonsky's spiritual crisis. Natasha became the cause of Bolkonsky's spiritual revival. Love for the cheerful, poetic Natasha gives rise to dreams of family happiness in Andrey's soul. Natasha became a second, new life for him. She had something that was not in the prince, and she harmoniously complemented him. Next to Natasha Andrey felt revived and rejuvenated. All her lively emotions gave strength to him, and inspired him to new deeds and events. After confessing to Natasha, Andrey's ardor subsides. Now he feels responsible for Natasha. Andrey proposes to Natasha, but at the request of his father postpones the wedding for a year. Natasha and Andrey are very different people. She is young, inexperienced, trusting and spontaneous. He already has a whole life behind him, the death of his wife, his son, trials by difficult war times, a meeting with death. Therefore, Andrei cannot fully understand what Natasha feels, that waiting for her is very painful, she cannot restrain her feelings, her desire to love and be loved. This led to the fact that Natasha is cheating on Andrei, and they part. Bolkonsky goes to war and is mortally wounded. Experiencing severe suffering, realizing that he is dying, he, before the threshold of death, experiences a feeling of universal love and forgiveness. At this tragic moment, another meeting between Prince Andrey and Natasha takes place. War and suffering made Natasha an adult, now she understands how cruel she treated Bolkonsky, betrayed such a wonderful person because of her childhood passion. Natasha kneels asks the prince for forgiveness. And he forgives her, he loves her again. He loves with an unearthly love, and this love brightens up his last days in this world. Only at that moment Andrei and Natasha were able to understand each other, acquired what they so lacked. But it was too late.

(Argument 174) Speaking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the play "The Thunderstorm". In this work, A. N. Ostrovsky was able to convey the emotional torment of the main character with all the brightness of emotions. In the 19th century, a huge number of marriages were not made for love, parents tried to marry someone who is richer. The girls were forced to live with an unloved person all their lives. Katerina found herself in a similar situation, who was married off to Tikhon Kabanov from a wealthy merchant family. Katya's husband was a pitiful sight. Irresponsible and childish, he was not capable of anything but drunkenness. Tikhon's mother, Martha Kabanova, embodied the ideas of petty tyranny and hypocrisy inherent in the entire "dark kingdom", so Katerina was constantly under pressure. The heroine strives for freedom, it was difficult for her in the conditions of slavish worship of false idols. The girl found solace in communication with Boris. His care, affection and sincerity helped the unfortunate heroine forget about the oppression from Kabanikha. Katerina realized that she was doing wrong and could not live with it, but her feelings turned out to be stronger, and she cheated on her husband. Tormented by remorse, the heroine repented before her husband, after which she threw herself into the river.

A. N. Ostrovsky play "Thunderstorm" "Mind and Feeling"

(Argument 246) Speaking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the work of A. N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm". The play is set in the fictional town of Kalinov on the banks of the Volga. The main characters in the play are Katerina and Kabanikha. In the nineteenth century, girls were not married for love, everyone wanted to give their daughter to a richer family. Katerina found herself in such a situation. She finds herself in the world of Kabanikha, where outdated patriarchal morality rules. Katerina, on the other hand, seeks to free herself from the shackles of compulsion and admiration. She is attracted by dream, spirituality, sincerity.The character of Katherine is a place where fear of God and sinful, illegal passions collide. Intellectually, the main character understands that she is a "husband's wife", but Katerina's soul requires love. main character falls in love with another man, although he tries to resist it. The heroine is given an alluring opportunity to commit this sin, having met with her lover, to overstep what is permitted, but only on condition that outsiders do not find out about it. Katerina takes the key to the gate in the Kabanovs' estate, which Varvara gives her, she accepts her sin, she takes up a protest, but dooms herself to death from the very beginning.For Katerina, the commandments of the church and the patriarchal world are of the greatest importance. She wants to be clean and flawless. After her fall, Katerina could not hide her guilt before her husband and people. She realizes her sin and at the same time wants to know the happiness of true love. She does not see herself forgiveness and the end of the torment of conscience, considers her soul to be ruined. Feeling defeated Katerina's mind, she cheated on her husband, but the main character could not live with it, so she decides on an even more terrible sin from a religious point of view - suicide.

(Argument232) The plot of the play was the life of the inhabitants of the flophouse, people who have nothing: no money, no status, no social status, no simple bread. They do not see the meaning of their existence. But even in seemingly unbearable conditionstopics such as the question of truth and lies are raised ... Reflecting on thistheme , the author compares the central characters of the play. Satin and the wanderer Luke are heroes - antipodes. When Elder Luke appears in the flophouse, he tries to inspire each of the residents. With all the sincerity of his feelings, he tries to inspire the unfortunate, not let them wither away. According to Luke, they could not be helped by telling the truth that nothing would change in their lives. Therefore, he lied to them, thinking that it would bring salvation for them. It will change their attitude to what is happening, give them hope. The hero from the bottom of his heart wanted to help the unfortunate, to instill hope in them. The hero from the bottom of his heart wanted to help the unfortunate, to make their life a little brighter. He did not think that sweet lies are worse than bitter truths. Satin was harsh. He relied only on his thoughts and looked at the situation soberly. “Luka’s fairy tales made him angry, because he was a realist and was not used to“ fictitious happiness ”. This hero called people not to blind hope, but to fight for their rights. Gorky posed the question to his readers - which of them is more right? I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it is not for nothing that the author will leave it open. Everyone should decide for himself.

M. Gorky play "At the Bottom" "Mind and Feeling"

(Intro 62) Which is better - truth or compassion? It is impossible to unequivocally answer this question. If the question sounded which is better - true or false, my answer would be unambiguous. But the concepts of truth and compassion cannot be opposed to each other. You need to look for a fine line between them. There are situations when telling the bitter truth is the only right decision. But sometimes people need sweet lies, compassion to support, to lift their spirits.

(Argument 266) Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. Let us turn to M. Gorky's play At the Bottom. The action takes place in a shelter near the Kostylevs, in which people are completely different. Together they were brought together by their difficult fate. And in the lives of people who have lost everything, the elder Luke appears. He tells them what a wonderful life awaits them, how everything will change, if you just want it. Inhabitants of this shelter no longer hope to break out back into the people; they have come to terms with the fact that their life is doomed, they will not get out of poverty. But Luke is by nature a kind person, feeling sorry for them gives hope. His comforting speeches affected each person differently. The two most prominent examples are Anna and Actor. Anna was seriously ill, she was dying. Luka calms her down, says that only good awaits her in the afterlife. The elder became the last kin in her life, she asked to sit next to her and talk to her. Luke helped Anna with his compassion, he eased her last days of thirst, brought joy and hope to them. And Anna went to the next world with a calm soul. But with the Actor, compassion played a cruel joke. Luca told him about the hospital, where the body is rid of the effects of alcohol. The actor was very worried about the fact that his body was poisoned and was glad about Luka's stories, which give him hope for a better life. But when the Actor found out that such a hospital did not exist, he broke down. The man believed in a better future, and then he learned that his hopes were doomed. The actor could not cope with such a blow of fate and committed suicide. Chklovek is a man's friend. We must help each other, show compassion, compassion, but we must not harm this. Sweet lies can bring more trouble than hard truths.

(Argument 86) The opposite hero of Luke is Satin. The old man's stories irritated him, because he is a realist. He was used to the brutal reality. Satin is very harsh, he believes. That you need not blindly hope, but fight for your happiness. Did Satin somehow help his roommates with the truth? Did the flophouse need another reminder that their lives were at the bottom? I don't think so. Gorky posed a question to the readers - who is right, Luke or Satin? I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it was not for nothing that the author left it open in his work.

(Conclusion 70) Each person must choose his own path. But we must help each other. It is everyone's choice to tell the truth or show compassion. It is necessary to act depending on the situation. The main thing is not to harm your interference. After all, not only our life depends on us, but also the life of our environment. By our words, by our actions, we influence our loved ones and friends, so in each situation we should think about which is better - truth or compassion?

(Argument205) The crown of the work of the famous Russian writer AS Griboyedov is the play "Woe from Wit" It is in this work that the author touches on such important topics. As harm to honor and bureaucracy, the inhumanity of serfdom, issues of education and enlightenment, honesty in serving the fatherland and duty, the originality, nationality of Russian culture. Also, the writer denounces the vices of people, which to this day are in each of us. Using the example of the central characters of the play, Griboyedov makes us think: is it always worth doing according to the will of the heart, or is cold calculation still better? Alexey Stepanovich Molchalin is the personification of commercialism, sycophancy and lies. This character is not at all harmless. With his obsequiousness, he successfully makes his way into high society. His "talents" - "moderation and accuracy" - provide him a pass into "high society." Molchalin is a staunch conservative who depends on the opinions of others and indulges "all people without exception." It would seem that this is the right choice, a cold mind and a tough calculation are better than the vague feelings of the heart, but the author makes fun of Alexei Stepanovich, showing the reader the insignificance of his existence. Mired in the world of hypocrisy and lies, Molchalin lost all light and sincere feelings, which led to the complete collapse of his sinister plans. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the great Russian writer wanted to convey to the hearts of readers that the most important thing is to remain yourself, act according to your conscience and listen to your heart.

A. S. Griboyedov play "Woe from Wit" "Reason and Feeling"

(Argument 345) Let us turn to the play by A. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". A young, brilliant mind and wit, Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, arrives at the mansion of the Moscow noble landowner Famusov. His heart burns with love for Sofya Famusova, it is for her sake that he returns to Moscow. In the recent past, Chatsky managed to recognize in Sophia an intelligent, outstanding, decisive girl and fell in love with her for these qualities. When he, having matured, gained intelligence, returns to his homeland, we understand that his feelings have not cooled. He is happy to see Sofia, who has become prettier during the time of separation, and is sincerely happy to meet. When the hero finds out that Sophia's chosen one is Molchalin, her father's secretary, he cannot believe it. The hero perfectly sees what Molchalin really is, he does not love Sophia. Molchalin wants to move up the career ladder using a girl. For this, he does not shun either hypocrisy or meanness. Chatsky's mind refuses to believe in Sophia's love for Molchalin, because he remembers her as a teenager, when love broke out between them, he thinks that over the years Sophia could not change. Chatsky cannot understand in any way that in the three years before he was away, the Famus society left its ugly mark on the girl. Sophia really went through a good school in her father's house, she learned to pretend, lie, dodge, but she does this not out of selfish interests, but trying to protect her love. We see that Sophia rejects Chatsky not only out of female pride, but also for the same reasons that Famus's Moscow does not accept him: his independent and mocking mind scares Sophia, he is from a different circle. Sophia is even ready to insidiously take revenge on an old close friend who is madly in love with her: she spreads a rumor about Chatsky's madness. The hero breaks not only the threads connecting him with the Famus society, he breaks off his relationship with Sophia, offended and humiliated by her choice to the core. Sophia blames herself for everything that happened. Her situation seems hopeless, because, having rejected Molchalin, having lost her devoted friend Chatsky and left with an angry father, she is again alone. Sophia tried to live with a mind, perverted in the concept of Famus society, but she could not give up her feelings, this led to the heroine getting confused, Sophia lost her love, but not only the heroine suffered from this, Chatsky's heart was broken.

N. V. Gogol story "Taras Bulba"

After graduating from the Kiev Academy, two of his sons, Ostap and Andriy, visit the old Cossack colonel Taras Bulba. Two hefty

After a long journey, Sich meets Taras with his sons with his riotous life - a sign of the Zaporozhye will. Cossacks do not like to waste time on military exercises, collecting abusive experience only in the heat of battle. Ostap and Andriy rush with all the ardor of youths into this wild sea. But old Taras does not like an idle life - he wants to prepare his sons for such an activity. Having met with all his companions, he still thinks out how to raise the Cossacks on a campaign so as not to waste Cossack prowess on incessant feasting and drunken fun. He persuades the Cossacks to re-elect the Koshevoy, who keeps peace with the enemies of the Cossacks. The new koshevoy, under the pressure of the most militant Cossacks, and above all Taras, decides to go to Poland in order to celebrate all the evil and shame of faith and Cossack glory.

Andrii realized that he was betraying his father, went on about his feelings. Feelings are stronger than reason

And soon the entire Polish south-west becomes the prey of fear running ahead of the ear: “Cossacks! The Cossacks showed up! " In one month the young Cossacks matured in the battles, and old Taras loves to see that both of his sons are among the first. The Cossack army is trying to take the city of Dubna, where there are many treasury and rich inhabitants, but they meet desperate resistance from the garrison and residents. The Cossacks are besieging the city and waiting for famine to begin. With nothing to do, the Cossacks devastate the surroundings, burn out defenseless villages and unharvested grain. Young people, especially the sons of Taras, do not like this kind of life. Old Bulba calms them down, promising hot fights soon. On one of the dark nights, Andria is awakened from sleep by a strange creature that looks like a ghost. This is a Tatar woman, a servant of the very Polish woman with whom Andriy is in love. The Tatarka says in a whisper that the lady is in the city, she saw Andria from the city rampart and asks him to come to her or at least give a piece of bread for her dying mother. Andriy loads the bags with bread as much as he can carry, and the Tatar woman leads him to the city along the underground passage. Having met his beloved, he renounces his father and brother, comrades and homeland: “The homeland is what our soul is looking for, which is dearer to her than anything. You are my homeland. " Andriy stays with the little girl to protect her from her former comrades until her last breath.

There are many such books to be named, but when the literature shows the consequences of this victory, they are most often destructive and in some cases laughable. The theme of reason in literature was largely inspired by the Age of Enlightenment, but not only did not linger, but caused a sharp reaction and general disappointment in rationalism in particular and in reason as such. Here are some examples.

"Crime and punishment"- the mind suggests that killing the old woman is rational, and wins, and we see what came of it.

"Frankenstein"- Reason suggests that it is rational to try to sew an ideal person from pieces of corpses. It didn't work out very well either. A hundred years later, Wells will raise the same topic in" Island of Dr. Moreau", and with about the same consequences.

"Catch 22"- practically all the absurdistic nonsense of the entire book is created solely on the basis of the victory of formal logic over all human instincts.

Our Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy in " War and peace"- the mind tells Prince Andrey to wait a year with the wedding, although he has a clear feeling that this should not be done. Well, here it is.

"House with mezzanine"Chekhov can be interpreted as the opposition of the mind of the cruel Lida and the feelings of the narrator and Misyus. Reason wins and destroys the relations of the latter. In general, Chekhov, of course, scoffs at sensual natures a lot, but he always justifies them in the end, and never justifies reasonable ones.

The victory of rationalism is partly parodied in " Faust"Goethe, when Faust hears the sound of shovels, and thinks that this is building a dam that will be of great benefit to people - although in fact it is lemurs who are digging his grave.

Huge volumes were devoted to the chanting of reason in the poetry of the 18th century, which massively rolled back to chanting the feelings, and did not come back much.

Etc. Rare examples of a positive assessment of the mind due to their now obvious naivety - almost all over time spilled over into the section of children's literature, although initially they were taken seriously.

The main crown of the literature of rationalism was at one time " Robinson Crusoe". To assess the degree of absurdity of what is happening in the book, it really is worth rereading in an adult state: Robinson is there actively trying to turn a desert island into an English country club, sends all animals to aviaries, creates everything according to the calendar and schedule, and even teaches the island parrot English It is not surprising that for a long time the novel served as a torch of colonial enlightenment. We, again, can see what this all led to. Only not in a book, but in real life.

The plot looks just as naive now " Coral island"in which a bunch of English schoolchildren thrown out on the island organize there a typical English colony. The reaction to this novel was the notorious" Lord of the Flies"where they end up wandering naked in the jungle, and the main rationalist Piggy is stoned.

And of course, here one cannot help but recall Ayn Rand, whose reason justifies such things as rape (" Atlas Shrugged") and undermining a residential complex ready to move in (" The fountainheadBut, as Rand tries to convince us, he's right everywhere and everywhere.

Such are the apologists.

This is why it all happens. Feelings make mistakes well, and reason makes mistakes very terribly. Feelings are hermetic and consistent, they just exist, and they are inevitable - and the mind is arrogant and resourceful, it tries to live according to the scheme, but it is physically impossible to live according to the schemes. Therefore, even when the heroes of the 19th century literature, in a fit of feelings, do some monstrous garbage, no matter how tragic the consequences of these actions are, we still internally feel that they are right. Well, what would they, in fact, dust themselves off, think it over carefully, and decide not to rush under the train? No, it's just like that. This turns out to be so not so that we act in exactly this way, and not so that we listen to the voice of reason - for those who try, everything turns out to be even worse - but to educate in the reader a different set of feelings, possibly more empathic, capable of resolving the situation in some other way.

People are guided by different impulses. Sometimes they are ruled by sympathy, a warm attitude, and they forget about the voice of reason. You can divide humanity into two halves. Some constantly analyze their behavior, they are used to thinking over every step. Such individuals practically do not lend themselves to deception. However, it is extremely difficult for them to arrange their personal life. Because from the moment they meet a potential soul mate, they begin to look for benefits and try to derive a formula for ideal compatibility. Therefore, noticing such a mindset, others move away from them.

Others are completely subject to the call of the senses. While falling in love, it is difficult to notice even the most obvious realities. Therefore, they are often deceived and suffer greatly from it.

The complexity of relations between representatives of different sexes is that at different stages of the relationship, men and women use a reasonable approach too much, or, on the contrary, trust the choice of the line of behavior to the heart.

The presence of fiery feelings, of course, distinguishes humanity from the animal world, however, without iron logic and some calculation, it is impossible to build a cloudless future.

There are many examples of people suffering because of their feelings. They are vividly described in Russian and world literature. Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina can be taken as an example. If the main character did not fall in love recklessly, but would trust the voice of reason, she would remain alive, and the children would not have to experience the death of their mother.

Both mind and feelings should be present in consciousness in approximately equal proportions, then there is a chance for absolute happiness. Therefore, one should not refuse in some situations the wise advice of older and smarter mentors and relatives. There is a popular saying: "A clever learns from other people's mistakes, and a fool learns from his own." If you draw the correct conclusion from this expression, you can humble the impulses of your feelings in some cases, which can adversely affect your fate.

Although sometimes it is very difficult to make an effort on yourself. Especially if sympathy for a person is overwhelming. Some deeds and self-sacrifice were accomplished out of great love for faith, country, and one's own duty. If the armies used only cold calculation, they would hardly raise their banners over the conquered heights. It is not known how the Great Patriotic War would have ended if it were not for the love of the Russian people for their land, relatives and friends.

Composition 2 option

Reason or senses? Or maybe both? Can reason be combined with feelings? Every person asks himself such a question. When you are faced with two opposites, one side screams, choose the mind, the other screams that there is nowhere without feelings. And you don't know where to go and what to choose.

Mind is a necessary thing in life, thanks to it we can think about the future, make our plans and achieve our goals. Our minds make us more successful, but it’s our feelings that make us human. Feelings are not inherent in everyone and they are different, both positive and negative, but they are the ones that make us do unimaginable acts.

Sometimes, thanks to feelings, people perform such unrealistic actions that with the help of reason it was necessary to achieve this for years. So what should you choose? Everyone chooses for himself, having chosen the mind, a person will follow one path and, perhaps, will be happy, choosing feelings, a completely different path promises a person. No one can predict in advance whether he will be good from the chosen path or not, we can draw conclusions only at the end. As for the question of whether reason and senses can cooperate with each other, I think they can. People can love each other, but understand, in order to start a family, they need money, and for this they need to work or study. In this case, mind and senses work together.

It seems to me that these two concepts start working together only when you grow up. While a person is small, he has to choose between two roads, it is very difficult for a small person to find points of contact between reason and feelings. Thus, a person always faces a choice, every day he has to struggle with it, because sometimes the mind is able to help in a difficult situation, and sometimes feelings are pulled out of a position where the mind would be powerless.

Short essay

Many people think that reason and feelings are two things that are not at all compatible with each other. But as for me, these are two parts of one whole. There are no feelings without reason and vice versa. Everything that we feel, we think, and sometimes when we think, feelings appear. These are two parts creating an idyll. If even one of the components is missing, then all actions will be in vain.

For example, when people fall in love, they must necessarily include their mind, since it is he who can assess the whole situation and tell the person whether he made the right choice.

Reason helps not to make mistakes in serious situations, and feelings are sometimes able to intuitively suggest the right path, even if it seems unreal. Mastering the two components of one whole is not as easy as it sounds. On the path of life, you will have to face considerable difficulties until you yourself learn to control and find the right facet of these components. Of course, life is not ideal and sometimes it is necessary to turn off one thing.

You can't keep a balance all the time. Sometimes you need to trust your feelings and make a leap forward, this will be an opportunity to feel life in all its colors, regardless of whether the choice is right or not.

Essay on the topic Sense and Sensibility with arguments.

Final essay on literature grade 11.

Several interesting compositions

• Analysis of the story of Sholokhov Two-husband

  The fate of a person is closely related to the history of the time in which he lived. We find direct evidence of this in the works of many writers. The works of M. A. Sholokhov are no exception

• Composition based on the work of Dubrovsky Pushkin

  Vladimir Dubrovsky, the main character, was born and raised in a poor noble family. He studies in St. Petersburg, has fun and hangs with his father's money. Conflict with neighbor and friend Troyekurov leads old man Dubrovsky

• On the manifestation of the moral principle in history, in life, in fate, composition

  Morality is a concept that explains the desire of a person to comply with any norms, orders, or standards. Man is by nature a creature dependent on the opinions and assessments of the people who surround him

Why do all children want to become adults, and the older generation, full of experience and wisdom, always recalls childhood with joy and nostalgia, and perhaps with a desire to return to childhood?

• Russian hero Ivan Flyagin - an essay based on the story The Enchanted Wanderer

  Before starting to write an essay, I looked into the dictionary and found out the meaning of the word "hero". I am interested to know what is common and what is the difference between Ivan Flyagin

An essay on the topic "What controls a person to a greater extent: mind or feelings?"

What controls a person to a greater extent: mind or feelings? In order to answer this question, you need to define its main components. Reason is a person's ability to think logically: to analyze, establish causal relationships, find meanings, draw conclusions, formulate principles. And feelings are the emotional experiences of a person that arise in the process of his relationship with the outside world. Feelings are formed and developed during the development and education of a person.

It seems to many that one needs to live only by reason, and they are somewhat right. Reason is given to a person so that he thinks over everything and makes the right decisions. But feelings are also given to man. They are always fighting with the mind, showing that they should be paid more attention to. Feelings are important for each of us: they help make ours more intense and interesting. Sometimes the heart tells us one thing, and the brain tells us the opposite. How to be? I would like them to live in peace and not argue with each other, but this is unattainable. The soul wants freedom, celebration, fun ... And the mind tells us that we need to work, work, take care of everyday little things so that they do not accumulate into insoluble everyday problems. Two opposing forces are pulling the reins of power each, so in different situations we are governed by different motives.

Many writers and poets raised the topic of the struggle between reason and feelings. So, for example, in William Shakespeare's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet" the main characters belong to the clans of Montague and Capulet, warring among themselves. Everything is against the feelings of young people, and the voice of reason advises everyone not to succumb to the outbreak of love. But emotions turn out to be stronger, and even in the death of Romeo and Juliet they did not want to part. We never know for sure what will happen if feelings get the better of reason, but Shakespeare showed us a tragic turn of events. And we willingly believe him, because a similar plot has been repeated more than once both in world culture and in life. The heroes are just teenagers who probably fell in love for the first time. If they tried to at least calm down the ardor and try to negotiate with their parents, I doubt that Montecs or Capulets would have preferred the death of their children. They would most likely compromise. However, adolescents in this situation did not have enough wisdom and worldly experience to achieve their goal in other, reasonable ways. Sometimes feelings act as our inner intuition, but it also happens that this is just a momentary impulse that is better to contain. I think Romeo and Juliet succumbed to the impulse of their age, rather than instinctively establishing an unbreakable bond. Love would push them to solve the problem, not suicide. Such a sacrifice is only the command of capricious passion.

In the story "The Captain's Daughter" we also see a clash between reason and feeling. Pyotr Grinev, having learned that his beloved Masha Mironova is forcibly held by Shvabrin, who wants to force the girl to marry him, in spite of the voice of reason, turns to Pugachev for help. The hero knows that this could threaten him with death, because the connection with a state criminal was severely punished, but he does not abandon his plan and as a result retains his own life and honor, and later gets Masha as his legal wife. This example is an illustration of the fact that the voice of feeling is necessary for a person in making a final decision. He helped save the girl from unfair oppression. If the young man only thought and thought, he would not be able to love until self-sacrifice. But Grinev did not neglect his reason: he made a mental plan of how to help his beloved as effectively as possible. He did not register as a traitor, but took advantage of the location of Pugachev, who appreciated the courageous and strong character of the officer.

Thus, I can conclude that in a person both reason and feelings should be strong. You should not give preference to the extreme, you must always find a compromise solution. What choice to make in this or that situation: to submit to feelings or to listen to the voice of reason? How to avoid an internal conflict between these two "elements"? Everyone must answer these questions himself. And a person also makes a choice independently, a choice on which sometimes not only the future, but also life itself can depend.

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