Literature lesson in grade 11

Objectives: to show the peculiarities of the compositional structure of M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita"; understand the writer's intention, notice and comprehend the roll-overs of the lines of the novel, understand moral lessons M. Bulgakov, to promote the development of interest in the personality and work of the writer.

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Literature lesson in grade 11

“Three worlds in Bulgakov's novel“ The Master and Margarita ”.

Objectives: to show the peculiarities of the compositional structure of M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita"; to understand the writer's intention, to notice and comprehend the lines of the novel, to understand the moral lessons of M. Bulgakov, to promote the development of interest in the personality and work of the writer.

Equipment: presentation, video material.

“I am part of the power that eternally wantsevil

and eternally commitsgood "

"Faust" by Goethe

“Why, why, where does evil come from?

If there is a God, how can there be evil?

If there is evil, how can there be God? "

M. Yu. Lermontov

1 teacher's introduction

"Manuscripts do not burn ..." - with this belief in the power of art, the writer MA Bulgakov was dying, all the main works of which were at that time unpublished in the drawers of his desk and only a quarter of a century later came to the reader one after another. The novel "The Master and Margarita", which has absorbed the infinity of time and the immensity of space, is so multifaceted that it does not fit into the usual framework and schemes. It combines philosophy, fantasy, satire, politics, love; the devilish and the divine intertwined. There is hardly a person for whom all the secrets of the novel, all the riddles are solved.

The novel takes place in several worlds at once. The purpose of our lesson: to understand the purpose of each world and find the "place" of the main characters, the Master and Margarita.

Many researchers distinguish three worlds, three levels of reality in the novel. Name them.

Determine the belonging of the heroes of the novel to one of the three worlds.(Work in groups. Drawing up a table.)

The system of images in the novel by M.A. Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita"

	Modern Moscow world	Ancient Yershalaim peace	Otherworldly Peace
"Carriers of Truth"
"Pupils"
Scammers
Decision-makers
"Executioners"
Animals
Maids

HEROIROMANA: Master, Margarita, Pontius Pilate, Yeshua, Ratslayer, Natasha, Hella, Niza. Kroviev-Fagot, the cat Begemot, Azazello, Woland, Afrany, Judas, Aloisy Mogarych, Levi Matvey, Ivan Bezdomny (Ponyrev), etc.

How are these three worlds related?(The role of a connecting link is played by Woland and his retinue. Time and space either shrink or expand, or converge at one point, intersect, or lose boundaries, that is, they are both concrete and conditional.)

Many characters from the Moscow world have counterparts in the ancient world. In turn, there is a parallelism between the images of the other world and the ancient world, and partly the Moscow one; moreover, triads of images have been created. Why does a writer do so complex constructions? Let's try to figure it out.

2. Analytical conversation. Working in groups.

At the hour of an unusually hot sunset on the Patriarch's Ponds, our acquaintance with Moscow of the 30s begins. And after Ivanushka, rushing through the streets, running into communal apartments, we see this world.

1 group. Moscow world - Moscow of the 30s of the 20th century.

Problematic question: Why was Berlioz so terribly punished?For being an atheist? For the fact that he is adjusting to the new government? For seducing Ivanushka Bezdomny with unbelief?Woland is irritated: "What is it you have, whatever you grab, there is nothing!" Berlioz receives "nothing", nothingness. Receives by faith.)

For what purpose does Woland and his retinue visit Moscow? What are the objects and techniques of Bulgakov's satire?

Individual messages:

• Styopa Likhodeev (Ch. 7)
• Varenukha (ch. 10,14)
• Nikanor Ivanovich Bosoy (Ch. 9)
• Barman (ch. 18)
• Annushka (Ch. 24,27)
• Aloisy Mogarych (Ch. 24)

Output: The punishment receives different shapes, but it is always just, is done in the name of good, and is deeply instructive. Punishment in the people themselves

Group 2. "Gospel" chapters - 1 AD.

What is the basis of human behavior - a coincidence of circumstances, a series of accidents, predestination or adherence to chosen ideals, ideas? Who rules human life? If life is woven of chances, can you vouch for the future, be responsible for others? Are there any invariable moral criteria, or are they changeable and a person is driven by fear of strength and death, a thirst for power and wealth?

"In a white cloak with a bloody lining, shuffling gait early in the morning of the 14th of the spring month of Nisan, the procurator of Judea, the son of the astrologer, the horseman Pontius Pilate, came out into the covered colonnade of the palace of Herod the Great in the city of Yershalaim, which he hates."

("Cowardice is the most serious vice," Woland repeats (Chapter 32, scene of a night flight). Pilate says that "most of all in the world he hates his immortality and unheard of glory")

Problematic question: How do you see the difference between the "Gospel" and "Moscow" chapters? How are Yershalaim and Moscow similar?(The two worlds are very similar, although separated by time. The two cities are described in the same way (clouds, a thunderstorm that came from the west). Different clothes, different habits, different houses, But the essence of people is the same. Tyranny, unjust judgment, denunciations, executions, enmity are common. .)

The two worlds are linked, Linked by the Master who guessed and wrote the novel,

- How is the Master like Yeshua?(They are related by truthfulness, incorruptibility, devotion to their faith, independence, the ability to empathize with the grief of others. But the master did not show the necessary stamina, did not defend his dignity. He did not fulfill his duty and turned out to be broken. That's why he burns his novel).

The two worlds are connected with each other and the force of evil that was present always and everywhere.

We enter the third world - the world of otherworldly power.

Group 3. The world of otherworldly power is eternal.

Problematic question: The main question that interests us is: "Is the evil spirit in the novel good or evil?"

- With whom did Woland come to earth?

It turns out that the world is surrounded by money-seekers, bribe-takers, sycophants, swindlers, opportunists, self-interested persons. And now Bulgakov's satire ripens, grows and falls on their heads, the guides of which are aliens from the world of Darkness

But Woland relieves Pilate of the pangs of conscience, returns the Master to his novel and gives him eternal peace, helps Margarita find the Master.

In Bulgakov's work, Woland personifies the fate that punishes Berlioz, Sokov and others who violate the norms of Christian morality.... Woland does not betray, does not lie, does not sow evil. He discovers, reveals, reveals the abominable in life in order to punish it all. It is thanks to Woland that truth and honesty are being revived. This is the first devil in world literature to punish for non-observance of the commandments of Christ. We can say that Woland is an eternally existing evil, which is necessary for the existence of good. (back to epigraphs)

Let's see what happened after Woland disappeared from Moscow. The punishment is over. Rimsky returned, Varenukha ceased to be a vampire, the patients of Stravinsky's clinic were cured. This means that Woland is needed not only to punish those who did not resist the temptation. He left a warning. And the punishment is inside.

• Woland collapsed into the black hole, and Pontius Pilate, released by the Master, was leaving along the moonbeam. But the Master is not with them. Where is the place for the Master and Margarita?

4 group. Master and Margarita

Peace, promised to the Master, looks attractive after all that he has endured. But the nature of peace is unclear; the Master did not deserve either happiness on earth or going into the world. The most serious sin of the master is the refusal to create, from the search for truth. True, having redeemed his guilt by discovering the truth, the Master deserved forgiveness and is worthy of freedom and peace. Perhaps peace is death, because the Master receives this award from the hands of Woland, the Prince of Darkness. The Master is endowed with the ability to "guess" the truth. His gift can save people from unconsciousness, from the forgotten ability to do good. But the Master, having composed a novel, could not stand the struggle for it.

Who told you that there is no real, faithful, eternal love in the world? Let the liar cut off his vile tongue! Margarita is an earthly, sinful woman. She can swear, flirt, she is a woman without prejudice. Only she of the heroes does not have a double? Why?(Her image is unique. She loves selflessly, to self-sacrifice, she sells her soul to the devil, she decides to share even death with her beloved.)

How did Margarita deserve the special grace of the higher powers that rule the Universe? In the name of what does she perform the feat?Margarita, probably one of those one hundred and twenty-two Margaritas, about whom Koroviev spoke, knows what love is.

What is love? Love is the second way (after creativity) to superreality, that which can withstand the ever-existing evil. The concepts of goodness, forgiveness, responsibility, truth, harmony are also associated with love and creativity.

- Find confirmation of this in the text.

Output: Margarita values \u200b\u200bthe novel more than the Master. By the power of his love he saves the Master, he finds peace. The theme of creativity and the theme of Margarita are associated with the true values \u200b\u200baffirmed by the author of the novel: personal freedom, mercy, honesty, truth, faith, love

What is the main conclusion of the novel?Everyone will be rewarded according to their deserts. The world is built on this. God is in your souls -CONSCIENCE. She does not allow evil deeds to be done and protects from all temptations.

3. Lesson summary.

- all the plans of the book are united by the problem of good and evil;
- themes: the search for truth, the theme of creativity
- all these layers and space-time spheres merge at the end of the book

The truth, which Yeshua was the bearer of, turned out to be historically unrealized, while remaining at the same time absolutely beautiful. This is the tragedy of human existence. Woland draws a disappointing conclusion about the immutability of human nature, but in the same words the idea of \u200b\u200bthe indestructibility of mercy in human hearts sounds.

4. Homework : essay "What would do good if evil did not exist?"

Appendix # 1

Using the questions you have been asked, prepare a coherent story. Reason your answer with quotes from the text, indicating the part and chapter, as well as your own point of view.

Group 1.

What time is in front of us? How and how do Muscovites live? What is the language of these chapters? What subtext can we find?

- In this world there are quite modern people, busy with momentary problems. What does the Master say about Berlioz? Why?

What oddities happened to Berlioz and Ivan Bezdomny?

Group 2.

How does Bulgakov portray Pilate? How does his portrait reveal Pilate's character?

How does Pilate behave at the beginning of his meeting with Yeshua and at the end of their meeting?

Remember the interrogation scene. Pilate is asking a question that does not need to be asked during interrogation. What is this question?

What is Yeshua's main belief?

Why is Pilate trying to save Yeshua from execution?

Why does Pilate approve the death sentence?

What is Pilate punished for? What is the punishment?

Group 3.

- With whom did Woland come to earth? How does the author portray him? What is the role of each of Woland's suite? Your attitude to this hero. How does it make you feel?

Whom is Woland tempting? Whom did he destroy? Whom did you punish?

- What is the reality in Moscow?

What is the role of the Devil and his retinue in the novel?

Group 4.

The master did not deserve light, he deserved peace. Is peace a punishment or a reward?

How did Margarita deserve the special grace of the higher powers that rule the Universe? In the name of what does she perform the feat?

The novel by MA Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" belongs to those works that you want and definitely need to re-read in order to better understand the subtext, to see new details that we did not pay attention to the first time.

In our world, we repeatedly encounter the number three: this is the main category of life (birth - life - death), thinking (idea - thought - action), time (past - present - future). In Christianity, too, much is built on trinity: the trinity of the divine trinity, the management of the earthly world (God - man - the Devil).

Mikhail Bulgakov was sure that the trinity corresponds to the truth, therefore it can be seen that the events in the novel take place in three dimensions: in the ancient "Yershalaim" world, in modern writer the Moscow world of the 30s and in the mystical, fantastic, otherworldly world.

At first it seems to us that these three planes hardly touch each other. It would seem, what kind of relationship can modern Muscovites have with the heroes of a literary novel with an evangelical theme, and even more so with Satan himself? But very soon we realize how wrong we were. Bulgakov sees everything in his own way and offers to look at the surrounding reality (and not only at the events of the novel) in a new way.

In fact, we are witnessing constant interaction, a close relationship of three worlds: creativity, ordinary life and higher powers, or providence. What is happening in the Master's novel about the ancient world of Yershalaim clearly echoes the events of modern Moscow. This roll call is not only external when literary heroes "The novel in the novel" is similar in portraits and actions to Muscovites (the Master shows the features of Yeshua Ha-Notsri, the Master's friend Aloisy Mogarych reminds Judas, Matvey Levi, for all his devotion, is just as limited as the poet Ivan Homeless). There is also a deeper similarity, because in the conversations of Pontius Pilate with Ha-Nozri, many moral issues, questions of truth, good and evil, which, as we can see, were not fully resolved either in Moscow in the 1930s, or even today - these questions belong to the category of "eternal".

Woland and his retinue are representatives of the otherworldly world, they are endowed with the ability to read in human hearts and souls, see the deep interconnections of phenomena, predict the future, and therefore Bulgakov gives them the right to act as human judges. Woland notes that internally people have changed little over the past millennia: "They are people like people. They love money, but it has always been. Well, they are frivolous ... well, well ... in general, they resemble the old ones ..." Cowardice, greed, ignorance, spiritual weakness, hypocrisy - this is not a complete list of those vices that still direct and largely determine human life. Therefore, Woland, endowed with special power, acts not only as a punishing force that punishes careerists, sycophants, greedy and selfish, but also rewards the kind, capable of self-sacrifice, deep lovewho know how to create, creating new worlds. And even those who, having committed evil, do not hide, like an ostrich, with their heads in the sand, but are responsible for their actions. Everyone is rewarded according to their merits, and very many in the novel (and most of them - to their own misfortune) get the opportunity to fulfill their desires. In the novel's finale, all three worlds, quite clearly demarcated at the beginning, merge together. This speaks of a close and harmonious relationship of all phenomena and events in the world. A person needs to learn to take responsibility not only for his actions, but also for emotions, thoughts, because an idea that has arisen in someone's head can be embodied in reality even at the other end of the Earth.

Beyond the gems, as if by accident, casually thrown by writers on

pages of his works, sometimes hidden

deep meaning that enriches the plot of the work

additional nuances.

The novel "The Master and Margarita" is a mystery. Each person who reads it discovers its own meaning in it. The text of the work is so full of problems that it is very difficult to find the main one, I would even say, impossible.

The main difficulty is that several realities are intertwined in the novel: on the one hand, the Soviet life of Moscow in the 1920s and 1930s, on the other, the city of Yershalaim, and finally, the reality of the all-powerful Woland.

The first world is Moscow in the 1920s and 1930s.

Satan came to Moscow to administer justice, rescue the Master, his masterpiece and Margarita. He sees that Moscow has turned into a kind of Great Ball: it is inhabited by traitors, informers, sycophants, bribe-takers, currency dealers. Bulgakov represented them both as individual characters and as employees of the following institutions: MASSOLIT, the Variety Theater and the Entertainment Commission. Everyone has vices that Woland exposes. The workers of MASSLIT, who call themselves writers and scientists, took upon themselves a more serious sin. These people know a lot and at the same time deliberately lead people away from the search for truth, make the genius Master unhappy. For this punishment overtakes the Griboyedov House, where MASSOLIT is located. The Moscow population does not want to believe in anything without proof, neither in God nor in the devil. In my opinion, Bulgakov hoped that someday people would realize the horror that had consumed Russia for many years, as Ivan Bezdomny realized that his poems were terrible. But this did not happen during Bulgakov's lifetime.

The second world is Yershalaim.

Yershalaim is associated with many characteristic, inherent in him and at the same time uniting with Moscow details. This is the scorching sun, narrow, tangled streets, relief of the area. The similarity of some elevations is especially surprising: Pashkov's House in Moscow and Pilate's palace, located above the roofs of city houses; Lysaya Gora and Vorobyovy Gory. You can also pay attention to the fact that if in Yershalaim the hill with the crucified Yeshua is surrounded, then in Moscow with Woland leaving it. Only three days are described from the life of the city. The struggle between good and evil does not stop and cannot stop. The protagonist of the ancient world Yeshua is very similar to Jesus. He, too, is a mere mortal who remained incomprehensible. Yershalaim, invented by the Master, is fantastic. But it is he who looks the most real in the novel.

The third world is the mystical, fantastic Woland and his retinue.

Mysticism in the novel plays a completely realistic role and can serve as an example of the contradictions of reality. The other world is headed by Woland. He is the devil, Satan, "the prince of darkness", "the spirit of evil and the lord of the shadows." The unclean force in The Master and Margarita exposes human vices to us. Here is the devil Koroviev - a drunken drunkard. There is also a cat Behemoth, which is very similar to a person and at times turns into a person very similar to a cat. Here is the bully Azazello with an ugly fang. Woland personifies eternity. He is that eternally existing evil, which is necessary for the existence of good. The novel changes the traditional image of Satan: he is no longer an immoral, evil, treacherous devil-destroyer. Evil power appears in Moscow with an audit. She wonders if the townspeople have changed internally. Observing the audience in the Variety, the "professor of black magic" is inclined to think that essentially nothing has changed. Evil power appears before us as an evil human will, being an instrument of punishment, committing intrigues at the suggestion of people. Woland seemed to me fair, objective, and his justice was manifested not only in the punishment of some heroes. Thanks to him, the Master and Margarita are reunited.

All the heroes of the novel are closely related to each other, without the existence of some it would be impossible for the existence of others, just as there can be no light without darkness. The novel "The Master and Margarita" tells about the responsibility of a person for their actions. Actions are united by one idea - the search for truth and the struggle for it. Enmity, mistrust, envy reign in the world at all times. This novel belongs to those works that must be re-read in order to understand the subtext deeper, to see new details that you might not have noticed the first time around. This is happening not only because the novel touches upon many philosophical problems, but also because of the complex “three-dimensional” structure of the work.

Three worlds in the novel by M. A. Bulgakov
The novel by MA Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” belongs to those works that you want and must reread in order to better understand the subtext, to see new details that you might not have noticed the first time around. This happens not only because the novel touches upon many philosophical and moral-ethical problems, but also because of the complex “three-dimensional” structure of the work.

In our world, we repeatedly encounter the number three: this is the main category of life (birth - life - death), thinking (idea - thought - action), time (past - present - future). In Christianity, too, much is built on trinity: the trinity of the divine trinity, the management of the earthly world (God - man - the Devil).
M. Bulgakov was sure that the trinity corresponds to the truth, therefore it can be seen that the events in the novel take place in three dimensions: in the ancient “Yershalaim” world, in the modern Moscow world of the 1930s and in the mystical, fantastic, otherworldly ...
At first it seems to us that these three planes hardly touch each other. It would seem, what kind of relationship can modern Muscovites have with the heroes of a literary novel with an evangelical theme, and even more so with Satan himself? But very soon we realize how wrong we were. Bulgakov sees everything in his own way and offers to look at the surrounding reality (and not only at the events of the novel) in a new way.
In fact, we are witnessing constant interaction, a close relationship of three worlds: creativity, ordinary life and higher powers, or providence. What is happening in the Master's novel about the ancient world of Yershalaim clearly echoes the events of modern Moscow. This roll call is not only external, when the literary heroes of the “novel in the novel” are portraits and actions similar to Muscovites (the Master shows the features of Yeshua Ha-Notsri, the Master's friend Aloisy Mogarych reminds Judas, Matthew Levi, with all his devotion, is as limited as the poet Ivan Bezdomny). There is also a deeper similarity, because in the conversations of Pontius Pilate with Ha-Nozri, many moral problems, questions of truth, good and evil are touched upon, which, as we see, were not fully resolved either in Moscow in the 1930s, or even today - these questions belong to the category of "eternal".
Woland and his retinue are representatives of the otherworldly world, they are endowed with the ability to read in human hearts and souls, see the deep interconnections of phenomena, predict the future, and therefore Bulgakov gives them the right to act as human judges. Woland notes that internally people have changed little over the past millennia: “They are people like people. They love money, but it has always been. Well, they are frivolous ... well, well ... in general, they resemble the old ones ... ”Cowardice, greed, ignorance, spiritual weakness, hypocrisy - this is not a complete list of those vices that still guide and largely determine human life. Therefore, Woland, endowed with special power, acts not only as a punishing force that punishes careerists, sycophants, greedy and selfish, but also rewards the kind, capable of self-sacrifice, deep love, who know how to create, creating new worlds. And even those who, having committed evil, do not hide, like an ostrich, with their heads in the sand, but are responsible for their actions. Everyone is rewarded according to their merits, and very many in the novel (and most of them - to their own misfortune) get the opportunity to fulfill their desires.
In the novel's finale, all three worlds, quite clearly demarcated at the beginning, merge together. This speaks of a close and harmonious relationship of all phenomena and events in the world. A person needs to learn to take responsibility not only for his actions, but also for emotions, thoughts, because an idea that has arisen in someone's head can be embodied in reality even at the other end of the Earth.

Lesson objectives:

• Show genre and compositional originality M. Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita.
• Philosophical understanding the number "three" in M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita".
• Understand the peculiarities of the interpenetration of the three worlds in the novel.
• To take out moral lessons, the main values \u200b\u200bthat the writer speaks about.
• Promote the development of interest in the personality and work of the writer.

Lesson equipment: multimedia installation, CD with electronic lesson recording, exhibition of books-works of the writer, stand “Life and work of M. Bulgakov”, newspaper “Satire in M. Bulgakov's novel“ The Master and Margarita ”, installation on the topic.

Lesson plan.

Introductory speech of the teacher.

Hello dear guys, dear guests! Grade 11B, Secondary School No. 78, Privolzhsky District, Kazan, welcomes you to a lesson on the topic: “Three Worlds in M. Bulgakov's novel“ The Master and Margarita ”.

Today we will continue our study of the novel created by Mikhail Bulgakov. So, the goals of our lesson are as follows:

1. Show the genre and compositional originality of M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita".

2. Pay attention to the symbolism of the number “three” in M. Bulgakov's novel “The Master and Margarita”.

3. To comprehend the interpenetration of the three worlds.

4. To take out moral lessons, the main values \u200b\u200bthat the writer speaks about.

We have three groups that represent the three worlds of the novel:

Peace of Yershalaim;

Moscow reality;

Fantasy world.

1) Messages from prepared students (philosophy of P. Florensky, G. Skovoroda about the trinity of being)

2) Group work

So, the first group is working.

Ancient Yershalaim world

Teacher:

How does his portrait reveal Pilate's character?

How does Pilate behave at the beginning of his meeting with Yeshua and at the end of their meeting?

What is Yeshua's main belief?

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe work: any power is violence against people, “the time will come when there will be no power of either Caesar or any other power”.

Who is the personification of power?

The personification of power, the central figure is Pontius Pilate, the procurator of Judea.

How does Bulgakov portray Pilate?

Pilate is cruel, he is called a fierce monster. He only boasts of this nickname, because the world is ruled by the law of force. Behind Pilate's shoulders is the great life of a warrior, full of struggle, hardships, and mortal danger. In it, only the strong wins, who does not know fear and doubt, pity and compassion. Pilate knows that the victor is always alone, he cannot have friends, only enemies and envious people. He despises the rabble. He indifferently sends some to execution and has mercy on others. He has no equal, there is no person with whom he would just want to talk. Pilate is convinced that the world is based on violence and power.

Compilation of the CLUSTER.

Please find the scene of the interrogation (chapter 2) Pilate is asking a question that does not need to be asked during interrogation. What is this question?

"What is truth?"

Pilate's life has long been at an impasse. Power and greatness did not make him happy. He is dead in soul. And then a man came who illuminated life with a new meaning. The hero is faced with a choice: to save an innocent wandering philosopher and lose his power, and possibly his life, or save his position by executing an innocent and acting against conscience. In essence, it is a choice between physical and spiritual death. Unable to make a choice, he pushes Yeshua to compromise. But compromise is impossible for Yeshua. Truth is dearer to him than life. Pilate decides to save Yeshua from execution. But Kaifa is adamant: the Sinhedreon does not change his mind.

Why does Pilate approve the death sentence?

What is Pilate punished for?

“Cowardice is the worst vice,” Woland repeats (chapter 32, night flight scene). Pilate says that “most of all in the world he hates his immortality and unheard of glory.” And then the Master steps in: “Free! Free! He's waiting for you!" Pilate is forgiven.

The modern Moscow world

Never talk to strangers.

PRESENTATION.

What does the Master say about Berlioz? Why?

Pupils:

The master speaks of him as a well-read and very cunning person. Much has been given to Berlioz, and he deliberately adapts to the level of the worker-poets he despises. For him, there is no God, no devil, nothing at all. Except for everyday reality. Where he knows everything in advance and has, if not unlimited, but quite real power. None of the subordinates is busy with literature: they are only interested in the division of material goods and privileges.

Why was Berlioz so terribly punished?

For being an atheist? For the fact that he is adjusting to the new government? For seducing Ivanushka Bezdomny with unbelief?

Woland gets annoyed: "What is it you have, whatever you grab, nothing!" Berlioz also receives "nothing", nothingness. Receives according to his faith.

Each will be given according to his faith (Ch. 23) Insisting that Jesus Christ did not exist, Berlioz thereby denies his preaching of goodness and mercy, truth and justice, the idea of \u200b\u200bgoodwill. Chairman of MASSOLITA, editor of thick magazines, living in the grip of dogmas based on rationality, expediency, devoid of moral foundations, denying belief in the existence of metaphysical principles, he implants these dogmas in human minds, which is especially dangerous for a young immature consciousness, therefore Berlioz's “murder” as a Komsomol member acquires a deeply symbolic meaning. Not believing in otherness, he goes into non-existence.

What are the objects and techniques of Bulgakov's satire?

• Styopa Likhodeev (Ch. 7)
• Varenukha (ch. 10,14)
• Nikanor Ivanovich Bosoy (Ch. 9)
• Bartender (ch. 18)
• Annushka (Ch. 24,27)
• Aloisy Mogarych (Ch. 24)

The punishment is in the people themselves.

Critics Latunsky and Lavrovich are also people invested with power, but lacking in morality. They are indifferent to everything except their careers. They are endowed with intelligence, knowledge, and erudition. And all this is deliberately placed at the service of a vicious government. By history, such people are sent into oblivion.

The townspeople have changed a lot outwardly ... a much more important question: have these townspeople changed inwardly?

Answering this question, evil spirits enter into action, conduct one experiment after another, arrange mass hypnosis, a purely scientific experiment. And people show their true colors. The exposure session was a success.

The miracles demonstrated by Volandova's entourage are the satisfaction of people's hidden desires. Decency flies from people, and eternal human vices are manifested: greed, cruelty, greed, deceit, hypocrisy ...

Woland sums up: “Well, they are people like people ... They love money, but it has always been ... Ordinary people ... in general, they resemble the old ones, the housing issue only spoiled them ...

What is the evil spirit making fun of, mocking? By what means does the author portray the townsfolk?

The image of the Moscow philistinism is served caricature, grotesque. Science fiction is a means of satire.

Master and Margarita

Who told you that there is no real, faithful, eternal love in the world?

Let the liar cut off his vile tongue!

Margarita is an earthly, sinful woman.

How did Margarita deserve the special grace of the higher powers that rule the Universe?

Margarita, probably one of the one hundred and twenty-two Margaritas about whom Koroviev spoke, knows what love is.

Love is the second path to superreality, just like creativity is what can resist the ever-existing evil. The concepts of goodness, forgiveness, responsibility, truth, harmony are also associated with love and creativity. In the name of love, Margarita accomplishes a feat, overcoming fear and weakness, conquering circumstances, demanding nothing for herself. Margarita is a bearer of great poetic and inspired love. She is capable not only of unlimited completeness of feelings, but also of devotion (like Levi Matthew) and of the feat of loyalty. Margarita is able to fight for her Master. She knows how to fight, defending her love and faith. Not the Master, but Margarita herself is now associated with the devil and enters the world of black magic. Bulgakov's heroine takes this risk and feat in the name of great love.

Find confirmation of this in the text.

The scene of the ball at Woland's (chapter 23), the scene of Frida's forgiveness (chapter 24).

Margarita values \u200b\u200bthe novel more than the Master. By the power of his love he saves the Master, he finds peace. The theme of creativity and the theme of Margarita's love is associated with the true values \u200b\u200baffirmed by the author of the novel: personal freedom, mercy, honesty, truth, faith, love.

Compilation of the CLUSTER.

So what is the leading issue raised in the real storyline?

The relationship of the creator-artist and society.

How is the Master like Yeshua?

They are related by truthfulness, incorruptibility, devotion to their faith, independence, the ability to empathize with someone else's grief. But the master did not show the necessary stamina, did not defend his dignity. He did not fulfill his duty and was broken. That is why he burns his novel.

The other world

PRESENTATION.

With whom did Woland come to earth?

Woland did not come to earth alone. He was accompanied by creatures who in the novel by and large play the role of jesters, arrange all kinds of shows, disgusting and hateful to the indignant Moscow population (they simply turned human vices and weaknesses inside out).

For what purpose did Woland and his retinue find themselves in Moscow?

Their task was to do all the dirty work for Woland, serve him, prepare Margarita for the Great Ball and for her and the Master's journey into the world of peace.

Who was Woland's retinue?

Woland's retinue consisted of three “main jesters: the Cat Begemot, Koroviev-Fagot, Azazello, and another vampire girl Gella.

The problem of the meaning of life.

Woland's gang, committing murder, abuse, deceit in Moscow, is ugly and monstrous. Woland does not betray, does not lie, does not sow evil. He discovers, reveals, exposes the abominable in life in order to punish it all. Scarab mark on the chest. He possesses powerful magical powers, scholarship, the gift of prophecy.

Compilation of the CLUSTER.

What is the reality in Moscow?

A real, catastrophically evolving reality. It turns out that the world is surrounded by money-seekers, bribe-takers, sycophants, swindlers, opportunists, self-interested persons. And now Bulgakov's satire ripens, grows and falls on their heads, the guides of which are aliens from the world of Darkness.

Punishment takes on different forms, but it is always just, is done in the name of good and is deeply instructive.

How are Yershalaim and Moscow similar?

Yershalaim and Moscow are similar in landscape, and hierarchy of life, and customs. Tyranny, unjust trial, denunciations, executions, hostility are common.

3) Analysis of individual works:

Compilation of clusters (images of Yeshua, Pontius Pilate, the Master, Margarita, Woland, etc.);

Presentation of student works.

4) Lesson summary, conclusions.

• all plans of the book are united by the problem of good and evil;
• topics: the search for truth, the topic of creativity
• all these layers and spheres of time merge at the end of the book.

The genre is synthetic:

And a satirical novel

And a comic epic

And utopia with elements of fantasy

And a historical narrative.

INSTALLATION and ANSWERING THE MAIN QUESTION OF THE LESSON

So in the name of what can one climb Calvary? In the name of what did Jesus Christ, Yeshua, the writer's contemporaries, and Mikhail Bulgakov himself go to torment?

Main conclusion:

You can climb Calvary in the name of TRUTH, CREATIVITY, LOVE - the author believes.

5) Homework: an essay on the topic: "Human mercy" (a fragment of the feature film "The Master and Margarita" by V. Bortko - The Master forgives P. Pilate).

LITERATURE

1. Andreevskaya M. About “The Master and Margarita“. Lit. Review, 1991. No. 5.

2. Belozerskaya - Bulgakova L. Memories. M. Hood. Literature, 1989.S. 183 - 184.

3. Bulgakov M. Master and Margarita. M. Young Guard. 1989.269 s.

4. Galinskaya I. Riddles of famous books. M. Nauka, 1986.S. 65 - 125.

5. Goethe I - V. Faust. Reader on foreign literature. M. Education, 1969.S. 261

6. Gudkova V. Mikhail Bulgakov: expanding the circle. Friendship of Peoples, 1991. No. 5. S. 262 - 270.

7. The Gospel of Matthew. "Collection on the night of 14 Nisan" Yekaterinburg Middle-Ural. Book Publishing House 1991 pp. 36 - 93.

8. Zolotonosov M. Satan in unbearable splendor. Lit. review. 1991. No. 5.

9. Karsalova E. Conscience, truth, humanity. Roman Bulgakova "Master and Margarita" in the final class. Literature at school. 1994. No. 1. P.72 - 78.

10. Kryvelev I. What does history know about Jesus Christ. M. Sov. Russia. 1969.

11. Sokolov B. Mikhail Bulgakov. Series “Literature” M. Knowledge. 1991.S. 41

12. Frans A. Procurator of Judea. Collection "On the night of 14 Nisan" Yekaterinburg. Wednesday-Ural. book ed. 1991.S. 420 - 431.

13. Chudakova M. Mikhail Bulgakov. The era and fate of the artist. M.A.Bulgakov. Favorite Sh.B. M. Education S. 337 -383.

14.Internet Sites:

• uroki.net.
• 5 ka.at.ua
• referatik.ru
• svetotatyana.narod.ru