The fate of Katerina

And from fateno protection.

A.S. Pushkin

1. The last page of A.N. Ostrovsky's drama "Thunderstorm" is closed. This greatest play read by me too. To the depths of my soul I was struck by the image main character- Katerina is the image of a strong and determined woman. Her strength is that she alone rebelled against the "dark kingdom", but died like a bird, unable to break free.

Katerina died by drowning herself in the Volga. She knew that suicide was a great sin, but she could not live by deceit, hiding the most tender and vulnerable feelings of a person, feelings of love. In addition, life in the Kabanovs' house was unbearable to her, as she was used to an honest, free life. AT parental home she was surrounded by love, joy, kindness. Katerina took up the work with desire, joy, things were arguing in her hands. And in her free time, she talked with her mother, went to church, did needlework or listened to wanderers. Whatever she did, everything gave her pleasure. But, having married, she moved to live in the Kabanovs' house, where there was not even a sign of the old life. Misunderstanding, hatred, pride reigned everywhere. Every day I had to live and listen to Marfa Ignatievna, who taught everyone the mind - the mind, not giving anyone the will. Here they also went to church, listened to wanderers, did needlework, but everything was done from captivity. And so it was not only in the house of Kabanikh, and several houses, but in the whole city of Kalinov. No one wanted to open their eyes to the truth, no one wanted to change their orders overgrown with lies and injustice. Because of this attitude of people to each other, Katerina became completely lonely, unhappy, fenced off from the whole world by this city and the society that inhabited it. But, despite the fact that her loving husband Tikhon adored her, he could not, and did not try to understand what was happening in Katerina’s soul, why she looks sad, withdrawn, why she constantly “flies” in her dreams. Despite everything that happened to her, she could throw out all her emotions to Varvara, who liked Katerina, she could listen to Katerina, help with advice, but just like her husband, she could not fully understand what lay on Katerina’s heart like a stone. And among these "hardened" people, she saw Boris, who fell in love with her. Boris for Katerina was “a breath of fresh air”. They were very similar to each other. Their fates intertwined. You could say they were made for each other. And after Tikhon's departure, they began to secretly meet. Ten days filled with love, understanding, they were an insight for Katerina in her difficult life. With Boris, she found happiness that no one in this city could give her, not even her husband. In Boris, Katerina saw what she had been waiting for and looking for for so long. He perceived her as she was, did not demand to play false scenes. They had their own invisible world. But he did not last long. The return of her husband brought Katerina back to reality. And only then did she understand and realize that treason is a great sin. And that weighed heavily on her heart. Condemnations, accusations, ridicule against her, worries about Boris finally undermined her. So what about Boris? He did not even say a word in defense of the woman he loved so much. If he supported her, did not give her to be torn to pieces by these insatiable, soulless people, then they would be together and could destroy the “dark kingdom”. But Katerina now had no one to turn to for help, and she chose death, thereby deciding to get rid of humiliation, misfortune and find eternal peace and freedom. But the thought that suicide was a sin terrified her, and she reassured herself: “Well, it doesn’t matter, I’ve ruined my soul.” After reading the play to the end, you ask the question: “who is to blame for the death of Katerina?”. I believe that it was the very “dark kingdom” that ruined her, which refused to understand, to listen to Katerina. Her love remained inseparable to the end. And then she challenged the “dark kingdom” with her death, which made her think for a moment about what happened. Ostrovsky vividly expressed the strength of character, will, love for life, freedom in the image of Katerina. In Katerina, I see a protest against Kaban's notions of morality, a protest, bringing it to the end, into which the poor woman rushed. From the play it is clear that nothing bright can appear in the “dark kingdom”, although Karena thought otherwise, and showed this “Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom” a ray of hope and love. Thanks to these qualities, she resisted the "dark kingdom" and showed the truth of life, and that not only in life there is only deceit. The idea in its uprising to the end against arbitrariness and destruction, it defended its right to life, to happiness, and, finally, to love.

Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky became the first playwright in Russia who began to portray the merchant class. Almost until the beginning of his work, Russian literature was the literature of the nobility, with a few exceptions. Ostrovsky takes the environment, which was not studied and almost not illuminated. It is not by chance that he touches on the topic of the merchant class, the fact is that the situation in Russia has changed not only in literature, but also in social terms, so far people from the merchant class have hardly entered the writer's environment.

The first such representatives of educated merchants were Goncharov, who wrote Oblomov and Ostrovsky, since he himself was a representative of the Zamoskvoretsk merchants, and he knew perfectly well what he wrote from the inside. Therefore, the plots of merchant plays were not difficult for him. All the stories were played out in front of his eyes. In addition, his father believed that the most advantageous position among lawyers is the most respected and prestigious profession, so Nikolai Ostrovsky also gave his son a law degree. And for some time Ostrovsky worked as a clerk in court, where he received many plots for his merchant plays.

The drama "Thunderstorm" is considered to be the main milestone in the work of A.N. Ostrovsky. The plot of the play is not limited to Katerina Kabanova's betrayal of her husband Tikhon and a love affair with Boris. There are many storylines, many conflicts. These conflicts are realized not only against the background of the behavior of the main characters, but also secondary ones. They also give an idea of ​​the end of the merchant society of that time. The play corresponds to typification, that is, to the principle of realistic generalization. Ostrovsky easily masters the method of realism, and by the end of the play one can draw a conclusion about the nature of the conflict and the content of this conflict.

Thunderstorm is, in fact, the only real Russian tragedy, a tragedy, because there are no people to blame for what is happening, because worlds collide in a person, and not just everyday situations.

The main character of the play transgressed her own moral law, and, in my opinion, she punished herself. If Katerina's husband had been a different person, with different moral values, smart, handsome and not stupid, if relations in the Kabanovs' house had developed differently, Katerina might not have committed treason. If Tikhon had managed to connect two women, mother and wife, then the “beam of light” would not have fallen on Boris. Katerina lives in anticipation of a "thunderstorm", lives in a "dark kingdom", and if she had not met Boris, then there would have been someone else. She was looking for a way out of her imprisonment.

When he left on merchant business, she, anticipating evil, asked to take her with him, but was refused. The same thing with Boris, after everything that happened, she wanted to leave with him, but again she was abandoned. I think that the play shows weak, weak-willed men, incapable of action.

The text of the play "Thunderstorm" was written a century and a half ago, but still causes a lot of emotions and questions. Should a woman, just like a man, while in marriage, fight with her feelings if these feelings lead to the destruction of marriage. Although it seems to me that it depends on the moral values ​​of a person, and not on the time in which he lives.

Answer left Guest

We studied many works of Russian classics in literature lessons. I would like to talk about one of the works. This is a drama by Ostrovsky Groz. She interested me with her content, especially the main character of the drama, Katerina, fascinated and attracted my attention. The development of the action of the drama is built on the relationship of people. Showing the life of the heroes, their feelings and experiences, Ostrovsky emphasized, using the example of the main character Katerina, a feeling that lives forever and on which life, love is based. ...Love is a wonderful dream that only the chosen ones dream, wrote Shota Rustaveli. And speaking of Katerina, one cannot but agree with this statement. Pure, tender love is given only to people with a huge heart and a big soul. Love will come suddenly, creep up inaudibly, swirl like a whirlwind, and there is no escape from it. A person forgets about everything bad, he plunges into his feeling, plunges into emotions. This is how love captured Katerina, made her happy and at the same time the most unhappy woman. The image of Katerina is the most vivid and complex of all the images in the play Thunderstorm. Her husband Tikhon cannot, and rather, does not try to understand her spiritual world. Katerina tolerates the tyranny of the Kabanikh (Tikhon's mother). Katerina's character is strong and freedom-loving. Katerina is a free bird in her spiritual mood. ...Why don't people fly? she says to Varvara. You know, sometimes I feel like I'm a bird. Having met Boris in every way, she gives herself to love to the end, without demanding anything in return, and ... dies. Who is to blame for her death? It is difficult to give an exact answer to this; You can name many reasons, among which there will be one such as the way of life in which Katerina lives. She dies because the world is ruled by a dark kingdom, where rudeness, violence, ignorance and indifference to others rule. Katerina is very different from the representatives of the dark kingdom, even from Boris, whom she fell in love with, feeling happy for a moment, and who leaves her. I think Katerina's death is a challenge to everything dark in human life. Why did Katerina decide to commit suicide, because it is a sin, because she could have stayed to live in a dark kingdom, resigned to its orders and laws, but this is not her character. With her death, she probably wanted to protest against the cruelty surrounding her and to some extent justify herself, her relationship with Boris, her love. After all, Katerina is a religious woman, and love for Boris is a sin for a married woman. Dobrolyubov calls Katerina a Russian, a strong character, a ray of light in a dark kingdom. Throughout the play, the approach of a thunderstorm is felt, which broke out at the end of the drama. It seems to me that a thunderstorm is a symbol of freedom, and Ostrovsky has it not just as a natural phenomenon, but as a shock to the existing foundations. Thinking about the actions of the characters in the play, following the changes in the events in it, I noticed a change in the feelings and views of the inhabitants of the city of Kalinov. The death of Katerina had a different effect on the heroes of the play, especially Tikhon, and for the first time in his life he expresses his opinion, enters for a moment (even for a moment) into a struggle with dark kingdom, exclaiming: You ruined her, you, you ... He seems to forget with whom he is talking, before whom he has been trembling all his life. Tikhon says for the first time that he cannot live in this family: Good for you, Katya! And why did I stay in the world and suffer! Ostrovsky's work, in my opinion, has taken a step forward in all of our literature. It aroused and arouses the interest of readers. I believe that this drama certainly deserves the attention of both readers and critics and gives us a reason to reflect on human relationships, to develop a sense of kindness to others, as well as an opportunity to appreciate all-consuming love and discover new qualities of the soul and new spiritual qualities in ourselves. aspirations.

Jan 26 2011

It seems to me that even people who are very far from literature know the works of Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky. So often on television they show performances based on the plays of the great Russian playwright. I also remember several of his plays. Especially about the dowry, proud Larisa, whose main fault lies in the fact that she did not have a dowry, and who was played among themselves by the master and the merchant. ended, as you know, tragically, just like the fate of another heroine of Ostrovsky - Katerina. Our writers of the 19th century often wrote about the unequal position of the Russian woman. "Share you! - Russian woman's share! It is hardly more difficult to find, ”exclaims Nekrasov. He wrote to this Chernyshevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov and others. But personally, A.N. Ostrovsky in his plays truly revealed the tragedy of the female soul to me.

“There lived - there was a girl. Dreamy, kind, affectionate. She lived with her parents. She did not know the needs, as they were prosperous. They loved their daughter, allowed her to walk in nature, dream, did not captivate her in anything, the girl worked as much as she wanted. The girl loved to go to church, listen to singing, she saw angels during the church service. And she also loved to listen to the wanderers who often came to their house and talked about holy people and places, about what they saw or heard. And this girl's name was Katerina. And so they married her ... ”- this is how I would begin the story about the fate of this woman if I told my younger sister about her.

We know that out of love and affection, Katerina got into the Kabanikh family. This powerful woman ran everything in the house. Her son Tikhon, Katerina's husband, did not dare to contradict his mother in anything. And only sometimes, who pulled out to Moscow, he arranged a spree there. Tikhon loves Katerina in his own way and pities her. But at home, her mother-in-law eats her constantly, day after day, for work and without work, sawing her like a rusty saw. “She crushed me,” Katya reflects.

Once upon a lesson in ethics family life we had a general conversation about whether a young family should live with their parents. A dispute broke out, stories began about how the parents divorced the newlyweds. And others, on the contrary, talked about how the children lived well with their parents, but were left alone, quarreled and fled. Remembered here and "Adult children". I did not participate in the dispute, but for the first time I thought about this complex problem. Then she decided: “It would be nice to live together, if not crowded. If parents tactfully do not interfere in the relationship between the bride and groom, they try to help them, and they, in turn, help their parents. Probably, many mistakes can be avoided this way. But if parents want their children to live according to their orders, tyrannize them, and even more so quarrel, then the matter is different. Then it is better to live in strangers, in the worst conditions, but alone.”

Katerina found herself in an environment where hypocrisy and hypocrisy are very strong. Her husband's sister Varvara clearly speaks of this, arguing that "the whole house rests" on their deceit. And here is her position: "Ah, in my opinion: do what you want, if only it was sewn and covered." "Sin is not a problem, rumor is not good!" - so many people argue. But not so Katherine. She is extremely honest, she is sincerely afraid of sinning, even in her thoughts to change her husband. This is the struggle between her duty, as she understands it (and she understands, I think, rightly: her husband cannot be changed) and a new feeling and breaks her fate.

What else can be said about Katerina's nature. It's better to do it with your own words. She tells Varvara that she does not know her character. God forbid that this should happen, but if it happens that she finally gets sick of living with Kabanikha, then no force can keep her. He will throw himself out the window, throw himself into the Volga, but will not live against his will.

In her struggle, Katerina finds no allies. Barbara, instead of comforting her, supporting her, pushes her towards treason. The boar is exhausting. The husband only thinks how to live without a mother for at least a few days. If he knows that for two weeks his mother will not stand over him, then is it up to his wife. With such captivity and from a beautiful wife, you will run away. This is how he explains before parting with Katya, who hopes to find support in at least one person. In vain ... And the fatal is happening. Katerina can no longer deceive herself. "To whom am I pretending - then!" she exclaims. And he decides to go on a date with Boris. Boris is one of the best people that live in the world shown by Ostrovsky. Young, handsome, smart. The orders of this strange city of Kalinov are alien to him, where they made a boulevard, and do not walk along it, where the gates are locked and the dogs are lowered, according to Kuligin, not because the inhabitants are afraid of thieves, but because it is more convenient to tyrannize households. When a woman gets married, she loses her freedom. “Here, that she got married, that she was buried - it doesn’t matter,” says Boris.

Boris Grigoryevich is the nephew of the merchant Diky, who is known for his scandalous and abusive character. He harasses Boris, scolds him. At the same time, he appropriated the inheritance of his nephew and niece, and he reproaches them. It is not surprising that in such an atmosphere, Katerina and Boris were drawn to each other. Boris was captivated by “an angelic smile on her face,” and her face seems to glow.

And yet it turns out that Katerina is not a person of this world. Boris, in the end, is not a match for her. Why? For Katya, the most difficult thing is to overcome the discord in her soul. She is ashamed, ashamed in front of her husband, but he is disgusted with her, his caress is worse than beatings. Nowadays, such problems are solved more simply: spouses will divorce and again look for their own. Especially since they don't have children. But in the time of Katerina, they never heard of a divorce. She understands that she and her husband live "to the grave." And therefore, for a conscientious nature, which “cannot beg for this sin, never beg for it”, which “will fall like a stone on the soul”, for a person who cannot bear the reproaches of many times more sinful people, there is only one way out - death. And Katerina decides to commit suicide.

No, really, there is another way out. Katerina offers it to her lover when he is going to Siberia. "Take me out of here with you!" she asks. But in response he hears that Boris cannot do this. It is forbidden? And why? - we think. And I remember the first scenes of the play, where Boris tells Kuligin how Dikoy robbed them and his sister after the death of their parents. Boris knows that even now Dikoy is mocking them to his heart's content, but he won't give them any money. Because this merchant does not like to repay debts. But, despite the fact that Boris knows this, he continues to obey his uncle. But, probably, he could have made money without Dikoy. For Boris, parting with his beloved woman is. But he tries to quickly forget about his love. For Katerina, with the departure of Boris, life ends. These are such different natures. And they had all the happiness - ten nights ...

The difference of natures is also manifested in their last parting words. Boris says that all you have to do is ask God to let her die as soon as possible. Strange words ... Katerina's last words before her death are addressed to her beloved: “My friend! My joy! Goodbye!" It hurts to read about these ruined feelings, about lost lives. Today there are no orders that reigned in Kalinovo, and women have become equal in rights with men. But there is, but heavy, not women's work, queues, disorder, communal apartments. Yes, and boars among mothers-in-law and mother-in-law also did not disappear. But still, I believe that a person is in his hands and high love will surely await him, if he deserves it.

Need a cheat sheet? Then save it - "Reflections based on the play by A.N. Ostrovsky" Thunderstorm ". Literary writings!
We studied many works of Russian classics in literature lessons. I would like to talk about one of the works. This is a drama by Ostrovsky Groz. She interested me with her content, especially the main character of the drama Katerina charmed and attracted my attention. The development of the action of the drama is built on the relationship of people. Showing the life of the characters, their feelings and experiences, Ostrovsky emphasized, using the example of the main character Katerina, the feeling that lives forever and on which life and love are based. ...Love is a beautiful dream that only the chosen ones dream, wrote Shota Rustaveli. And speaking of Katerina, one cannot but agree with this statement. Pure, tender love is given only to people with a huge heart and a big soul. Love will come suddenly, creep up inaudibly, swirl like a whirlwind, and there is no escape from it. A person forgets about everything bad, he plunges into his feeling, plunges into emotions. This is how love captured Katerina, made her the happiest and at the same time the most unfortunate woman. The image of Katerina is the most vivid and complex of all the images in the play Thunderstorm. Her husband Tikhon cannot, and rather, does not try to understand her spiritual world. Katerina tolerates the tyranny of Kabanikh (Tikhon's mother). Katerina's character is strong and freedom-loving. Katerina is a free bird in her spiritual mood. ... Why don't people fly? she says to Barbara. You know, sometimes I feel like I'm a bird. Having met Boris all the way, she gives herself to love to the end, without demanding anything in return, and ... dies. Who is to blame for her death? It is difficult to give an exact answer to this; many reasons can be named, among which there will be one such as the way of life in which Katerina lives. She dies because the dark kingdom rules the world, where rudeness, violence, ignorance and indifference to others rule. Katerina differs sharply from the representatives of the dark kingdom, even from Boris, whom she fell in love with, feeling happy for a moment, and who leaves her. I think Katerina's death is a challenge to everything dark in human life. Why did Katerina decide to commit suicide, because it is a sin, because she could have stayed to live in a dark kingdom, resigned to its orders and laws, but this is not her character. With her death, she probably wanted to protest against the cruelty surrounding her and to some extent justify herself, her relationship with Boris, her love. After all, Katerina is a religious woman, and love for Boris is a sin for a married woman. Dobrolyubov calls Katerina a Russian, a strong character, a ray of light in a dark kingdom. Throughout the play, the approach of a thunderstorm is felt, which broke out at the end of the drama. It seems to me that a thunderstorm is a symbol of freedom, and for Ostrovsky it is not just as a natural phenomenon, but as a shock to existing foundations. Thinking about the actions of the characters in the play, following the changes in events in it, I noticed a change in the feelings and views of the inhabitants of the city of Kalinov. The death of Katerina affected the heroes of the play in different ways, especially Tikhon, and for the first time in his life he expresses his opinion, enters for a moment (even for a moment) in the fight against the dark kingdom, exclaiming: You ruined her, you, you .. He seems to forget with whom he is talking, before whom he has been trembling all his life. Tikhon says for the first time that he cannot live in this family: Good for you, Katya! And why am I left to live in the world and suffer! Ostrovsky's work, in my opinion, has taken a step forward in all of our literature. It aroused and is of interest to readers. I believe that this drama certainly deserves the attention of both readers and critics and gives us a reason to reflect on human relationships, to develop a sense of kindness to others, as well as an opportunity to appreciate all-consuming love and discover new qualities of the soul and new spiritual aspirations.